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Simple Summary: Urine metabolomics analysis is a valuable tool for assessing the organism's metabolic status, and it plays a crucial role in elucidating health conditions, physiological changes, disease progression, and environmental adaptation. Presently, this technology is widely employed in human clinical disease diagnosis, as well as livestock breeding and selection. This study aimed to perform an analysis of urinary metabolomics in female giant pandas at different estrous stages. The results showed that the content of urine metabolites exhibited significant variation throughout different stages of estrus. During estrus, there were higher levels of acetylcholine, D-dructose1,6-bisphosphate, L-homocystine, dulcitol, inositol, and S-sulfo-L-cysteine, which were detected in a manner consistent with fluctuations in estrogen levels. Conversely, there were lower levels of phosphoethanolamine, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and maleic acid in a manner consistent with changes in progesterone levels. This study found several potential perspectives for estrus monitoring and contributing to the breeding management of captive giant panda populations. The composition of urinary metabolites can reflect the physiological state of animals. Investigating the alterations in urine metabolomics during the estrus stage can provide valuable insights for enhancing the efficacy of estrus monitoring. This study aimed to perform an analysis of urinary metabolomics in female giant pandas, specifically examining the variations in specific metabolites across different estrous stages, namely, diestrus, proestrus, estrus, and metestrus. A total of 1234 metabolites were identified in positive ion mode from 76 samples of 19 individuals, with 643 metabolites identified in negative ion mode. The content of urine metabolites exhibited significant variation throughout different stages of estrus. During the peak of estrus, the metabolic pathways primarily enriched by significantly differential metabolites were the AMPK signaling pathway, vitamin digestion and absorption, galactose metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism, as well as taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. By comparing the content of specific metabolites in distinct pathways across the four distinct estrous stages, higher levels of acetylcholine, D-fructose1,6-bisphosphate, L-homocystine, dulcitol, inositol, and S-sulfo-L-cysteine and lower levels of phosphoethanolamine, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and maleic acid were detected at estrus. This study offers a novel comparative analysis of urine metabolomics across different estrus stages in female giant pandas, identifying several potential perspectives for estrus monitoring and contributing to the breeding management of captive giant panda populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work investigates the effect of process parameters on the microwave absorption performance of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites in the X‐band (8–12 GHz). The selection of process parameters in this work is based on an orthogonal experiment, explicitly focusing on the fiber orientation and printing temperature. The coupled effect between fiber orientation and printing temperature on the average absorptivity is further investigated by using response surface methodology (RSM), and the mechanism of these parameters on the microwave absorption performance is revealed, resulting in the optimal process parameters with a fiber orientation of 58.39° and a printing temperature of 230°C. The predicted average absorptivity is 0.525 and the mechanical properties of specimens corresponding to optimal parameters have been characterized. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimization of process parameters could lead to a significant improvement in the average absorptivity. Moreover, the microstructure observation shows that voids have the opposite effect on microwave absorption performance and mechanical properties. The above studies have specific guiding significance to the further application of 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites in structural absorbing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this study was to profile the transcriptional profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their immune repertoires affected by anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) at the single-cell level. Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of PBMCs and bulk RNA sequencing for patients with ASS (N=3) and patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis (MDA5+ DM, N=3) along with healthy controls (HCs, N=4). As ASS and MDA5+ DM have similar organ involvements, MDA5+ DM was used as a disease control. The immune repertoire was constructed by reusing the same scRNA-seq datasets. Importantly, flow cytometry was performed to verify the results from the scRNA-seq analysis. Results: After meticulous annotation of PBMCs, we noticed a significant decrease in the proportion of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in ASS patients compared to HCs, while there was a notable increase in the proportion of proliferative NKT cells. Compared with MDA5+ DM patients, in their PBMCs ASS patients presented substantial enrichment of interferon pathways, which were primarily mediated by IFN-II, and displayed a weak immune response. Furthermore, ASS patients exhibited more pronounced metabolic abnormalities, which may in turn affect oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Monocytes from ASS patients appear to play a crucial role as receptive signaling cells for the TNF pathway. Immunophenotyping analysis of PBMCs from ASS patients revealed an increasing trend for the clone type CQQSYSTPWTF. Conclusion: Using single-cell genomic datasets of ASS PBMCs, we revealed a distinctive profile in the immune system of individuals with ASS, compared to that with MDA5+ DM or healthy controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]