Search

Context: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), 1 type of autophagy, is thought to promote or suppress cancer development in different cancer types. However, the effect of CMA on PTC development and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.Objective: To determine whether CMA plays implied critical roles in the development of PTC.Design: We investigated the association between CMA and PTC development in PTC tissues and normal thyroid tissues by detecting the key protein of CMA, lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP2A), using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, which were further validated in the TGCA dataset. The effect of CMA on PTC development was studied by cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis assays. The underlying mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1)/ C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling were clarified by western blotting, quantitative PCR, and rescue experiments. Knockdown and tamoxifen were used to analyze the effect of estrogen receptor (ER) α on CMA.Results: Our study confirmed that CMA, indicated by LAMP2A expression, was significantly increased in PTC tumor tissues and cell lines, and was associated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis of patients. Higher CMA in PTC promoted tumor cell proliferation and migration, thereby promoting tumor growth and metastasis. These effects of CMA on PTC were exerted by decreasing PPARγ protein expression to enhance SDF1 and CXCR4 expression. Furthermore, CMA was found positively regulated by ERα signaling in PTC.Conclusion: Our investigation identified CMA regulated by ERα promoting PTC tumor progression that enhanced tumor cell proliferation and migration by targeting PPARγ-SDF1/CXCR4 signaling, representing a potential target for treatment of PTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate glucoside xylosyltransferase 2 (GXYLT2) as a potential prognostic marker for gastric cancer (GC). The expression levels of GXYLT2, Notch1, E-cadherin and vimentin in GC and adjacent tissues were detected by Elivision™️ Plus immunohistochemistry. The relationship between GXYLT2, Notch1, E-cadherin and vimentin, and clinicopathological parameters was also analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of GXYLT2 on survival. The results revealed that GC tissues exhibited a marked increase in GXYLT2, Notch1 and vimentin, and a marked reduction in E-cadherin. The expression of GXYLT2 was related to the differentiation degree of GC and the pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage; the expression of Notch1 was related to the vascular and nerve infiltration of GC; and E-cadherin and vimentin expression were related to patient age, tumor size, tumor differentiation degree, depth of infiltration, lymph node metastasis and pTNM stage. Positive associations existed between GXYLT2 and Notch1 expression, GXYLT2 and vimentin expression, and Notch1 and vimentin expression. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that survival and prognosis were associated with factors such as GXYLT2 protein levels, pTNM stage, tumor dimensions, depth of infiltration and lymph node metastasis. Through Cox regression analysis, GXYLT2 was identified as an independent predictor for GC. In conclusion, GXYLT2 may be related to the pathogenesis of GC, and its abnormal expression could be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Consequently, GXYLT2 may be considered a promising prognostic marker in the context of GC., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Zhao et al.)

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare medium-to-low-grade malignant vascular tumor characterized by vascular differentiation along with specific morphological and genetic alterations. Approximately 90% and 5% of EHE cases are associated with the WWTR1-CAMTA1 and YAP1/TFE3 fusion gene, respectively. Therefore, nuclear CAMTA1 protein expression is considered to be an effective marker for EHE diagnosis. However, the specificity and reliability of this approach have recently been put into question. The purpose of this study was to compare the detection of CAMTA1 expression in cases of EHE and histologic mimics using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and conventional protein immunohistochemistry via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Fifteen EHE and 37 histologic mimic samples were immunohistochemically stained with polyclonal anti-CAMTA1 antibody to evaluate the nuclear protein expression level of CAMTA1. In addition, 15 EHE samples and 10 vascular tumor samples were subjected to FISH to detect the WWTR1-CAMTA1 fusion gene. Histologically, EHE typically showed a mucous hyaline or cartilaginous stroma, often forming a primitive vascular lumen, and expressed vascular endothelial markers. Twelve of the 15 EHE samples showed positive nuclear CAMTA1 expression with immunohistochemistry, whereas six of the 37 histologic mimics showed positive nuclear expression. FISH detected a red-green signal fusion in 14 of the 15 cases of EHE, but in none of the 10 vascular tumors. These results indicate that CAMTA1 is an effective and useful EHE marker, but that FISH fusion gene detection has better diagnostic value and clinical significance., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2020.)

Background: Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a rare malignant tumor in children with uncertain histologic and immunohistologic traits. It mostly reveals atypical clinical symptoms similar to other familiar pediatric renal neoplasms, including abdominal mass, abdominal pain, hematuria, etc. Therefore, the lack of specificity in clinical symptoms may induce some challenging and controversial diagnoses., Methods: Three cases of CCSK were acquired data from the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College (China) in recent years, accompanied by clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations without obvious specificity, while abdominal mass and abdominal pain were described as the main manifestations; even the initial clinical diagnosis of one case was Wilms Tumor (WT). Two of them underwent a radical nephrectomy. All 3 cases were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry., Results: Microscopic examination demonstrated the tumor component consisted of loose, locally dense tumor stroma and parenchyma composed of round or oval cells, which were separated by dendritic fibrosis. Afterwards, the unified immunophenotype were positive for Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, Vimentin, SATB-2, α-AACT, and Ki-67 (+, 30%, 40% and 80%, respectively)., Conclusion: Pathologic diagnosis of the disease should be comprehensively analyzed by multiple methods. More abundant morphologic, immunohistological, clinical and radiologic data can contribute to rigorous diagnosis and more accurate clinical treatment., Competing Interests: None., (IJCEP Copyright © 2020.)

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is an extremely aggressive ovarian tumor, with a poor prognosis and high mortality for young women. This paper aims to inform clinical physicians of new clinical improvements and further understanding of SCCOHT. Two cases diagnosed with SCCOHT from our medical database were reconfirmed and immunohistochemically stained with vimentin, CK, EMA, S-100, ER, PR, and SMARCA4. Diffuse small, round cells with scant cytoplasms, small nucleoli, hyperchromatic nuclei, and active nuclear divisions were detected in the microscopy. The immunohistochemical markers indicated minor positive but notably were SMARCA4 negative, which led to the final diagnosis. SCCOHT is a rare and lethal ovarian tumor in young women. The loss of SMARCA4 or the presence of SMARCA2 is a specific marker for the disease. Susceptibility to CDK4/6 inhibitors associated with downregulation of SMARCA4 targeted cyclin D1 may be a probable therapeutical mechanism for the disease., Competing Interests: None., (IJCEP Copyright © 2019.)

Sinonasalteratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) is a highly malignant and aggressive neoplasm which can quickly damage the local soft tissue, bone tissue, and invade orbital and intracranial tissues. It also can result in local lymph node and distant organ metastasis. The data from 2 cases of SNTCS from the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College (China), treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy followed by cranio-facial resection, were analyzed since 2016. The main symptoms of the two patients were of the nasal cavity with nasal congestion and runny nose. There was no recurrence after surgery. Microscopic examination showed that the composition of tumor tissue was very complex, as different degrees of differentiation of the origin of the organization could be seen in the tumor tissue. It was mixed with teratoma and cancer sarcoma components and undifferentiated/primitive tumor cells could also be seen in local tumor stroma. SNTCS is a very rare complex tissue composition of malignant tumors, because of its complex pathological morphology and high possibility of misdiagnosis. Pathological features and immunohistochemical markers can contribute to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease., Competing Interests: None., (IJCEP Copyright © 2018.)

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of nodular histiocytic/mesothelial hyperplasia (NHMH) and to improve the knowledge of this disease., Methods: Seven cases of NHMH were collected and the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical data were analyzed with review of the literature., Results: Seven male patients aged from 1.5 to 5.0 years (mean 2.8). The main clinical symptom was an inguinal mass.Grossly, main pathological changes were the mural nodule or free nodule in lumen, with diameter of 0.1-0.5 cm.Histologically, the tumor cell morphology was relatively single, cohesive polygonal or oval cells which were arranged in solid sheets or nests, usually with ovoid or deeply grooved nuclei and a moderate amount of pale pink cytoplasm in the nodular collection area. The nuclei had delicate chromatin and no obvious atypia, and mitosis was incidentally found. A few scattered lymphocytes were found in the stroma. The cyst wall was lined by a single layer of mesothelial cells.Immunohistochemically, the most cells in nodular lesion were strongly positive for the histiocytic marker CD68, vimentin and α1-antichymotrypsin, while lining mesothelial cells on the wall were positive for calretinin, MC, WT1, CK5/6, CKpan and EMA., Conclusions: NHMH is a rare and benign tumor-like lesion, and easy to be misdiagnozed, which should be distinguished from neuroendocrine tumors, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, seminoma, mesothelioma and so on. The correct diagnosis of this lesion depends on the clinical characteristics, morphology and immunohistochemistry.