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We test whether the support one holds about an event is influenced by other hypotheses. We addressed this by examining context effects in subjective probabilities (SPs) when forecasting NCAA men's basketball team rankings. A challenge in investigating context effects with naturalistic stimuli is the need to model the different representations of the options. To do so, we adapted the Spatial Arrangement method to capture individual representations and developed an algorithm to select stimuli. We asked participants steeped in basketball knowledge to create spatial maps for 50 teams. They were then presented with customized triplets of teams and asked to estimate their SP that one team would outrank the others. The study uncovered context effects in SPs, and moderators of the effects. Our findings suggest that similar cognitive processes may govern the construction of belief and preference and highlight the importance of modeling mental representations to understand forecasting scenarios.

Objective: To explore the detection methods and transfusion strategies of autoantibodies with specificity against Rh blood group system to provide timely and effective transfusion treatment for those patients. Methods: A case of a patient with autoantibodies with anti-Ce specificity was studied through serological tests, including ABO and Rh blood group identification, Coombs tests, antibody identification test and acid elution test. PCR-SSP was carried out to identify the Rh phenotype. The cross-matching test should avoid the specificity of anti-Ce autoantibody. The hemoglobin was measured pre- and post- the transfusion. Results: The results of the serological tests showed the blood group of the patient was AB type, RhD positive, and Rh blood group was CcEe before transfusion Direct antiglobulin test (DAT), and indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) were positive. According to the identification of antibodies, there were autoantibodies with anti-Ce specificity in the patient’s serum. The Rh antigen phenotyping was C+, c+, E+, e+ through the gene analysis. The results of the cross-matching were negative and the blood group of the red blood cell were AB, ccDEE. The hemoglobin of the patient increased from 48 g/L to 60 g/L and 58 g/L to 88 g/L rapidly after transfusion. Conclusions: In rare cases, autoantibodies can also show the characteristics of the complete antibodies rather than the pattern which could be agglutination with all the red blood cells for antibodies identification but there were strength differences. During blood transfusion treatment for those patients, we should try to avoid the specificity of autoantibodies, and carry out cross matching test before transfusion. After the titter of the autoantibodies decreased or disappeared, homotypic red blood cells for transfusion could be carried out.

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of AwB subtype by performing serological and gene detection in a Chinese individual. Methods: One case of AwB subtype was determined by ABO serology using standard serological method, and 7 exons of ABO gene and their flanks were amplified by PCR, and then cloned and sequenced. Glycosyl Transferase A (GTA) mutants were constructed by Chimera software, and was mapped and analyzed by PyMOL software. Results: Serological identification showed that this individual had AwB subtype. DNA cloning and gene sequen-cing analysis showed that the A gene from the proband was A cis-expressed allele of A1.02 and A3.03, and the genotype was ABO*Avar/B.01. In the ISBT database, the A allele of this variant should be a novel allele, with missense mutations in c. 467C>T and c. 838C>T, which could result in p.P.156L and p.L.280F amino acid replacement in GTA. Analysis of the spatial structure of GTA showed, p.L280F resulted in the phenotypes, and did not lead to changes in the overall structure of GTA proteins, which altered the hydrogen bond network between amino acid 280 and surrounding amino acid residues, resulting in local conformation changes. Conclusions: AwB subtype caused by a novel A allele-is reported for the first time. The formation mechanism may be as follows: p.L280F mutations in glycosyltransferases encoded by the A1.02 allele alter the interactions between adjacent amino acids, resulting in reduced activity of the A enzyme,and AwB subtype occurs when co-expressing with the B allele.

Medical knowledge graph can provide new auxiliary information for recommendation system because of its structural semantic knowledge characteristics. The combination of recommendation system and medical knowledge graph can not only effectively alleviate the problem of sparse data, but also enhance the accuracy and interpretability of recommendation results, thus realizing personalized recommendation of medical information. Aiming at the characteristics of strong professional barriers and various conceptual terms in the medical field, the medical knowledge graph structure is systematically sorted out. This paper summarizes the traditional recommendation algorithms and compares their advantages and disadvantages. It summarizes and introduces the recommendation systems based on path, embedding and fusion respectively, focusing on the research results of combining medical practice and their advantages and disadvantages. The existing problems and challenges in current research are analyzed, and the feasible future research direction is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: ABO antigens are produced from H antigen by the activity of glycosyltransferase enzyme encoded by the ABO gene. Variants in the ABO gene can produce a weak ABO phenotype. In this study, we identify a novel ABO*BW allele and investigate the underlying mechanism leading to the Bweak phenotype. Materials and Methods: The ABO phenotype and genotype of the sample were determined using serological and direct DNA sequencing methods. We assessed the impact of the novel variant by three‐dimensional modelling to predict protein stability changes (ΔΔG), and carried out an in vitro expression assay. The total glycosyltransferase transfer capacity in the supernatant of transfected cells was also examined. Results: Serological analysis confirmed the Bweak phenotype in the subject, and gene sequencing identified a novel variant c.761C>T (p.A254V) on the ABO*B.01 allele, resulting in a BW‐var/O.01.02 genotype. In silico analysis suggested that the p.A254V variant on the B allele may reduce the stability of glycosyltransferase B (GTB), as indicated by the ΔΔG values. In vitro expression studies showed that the variant p.A254V impaired H to B antigen conversion, although it did not affect the expression of GTB. Conclusion: We identified a novel BW allele and demonstrated that the variant c.761C>T (p.A254V) can cause the Bweak phenotype by reducing the stability of GTB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]