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Yi Fang,1 Yuqi Jiang,2 Linlin Ma,1 Huixian Chen,1 Zhi Li,1 Fen Luo,1 Wen Jiang,1 Shuya Cai,1 Qiaoqiao Guo,3 Zhiqin Yin1,4 1School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 2The First Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 3College of Renji, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Wenzhou Health Promotion Research Center, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zhiqin Yin; Qiaoqiao Guo, Email yzq@wmu.edu.cn; 1574612325@qq.comPurpose: While previous studies have extensively examined the impact of receiving positive social support during social support interactions on depressive symptoms among older adults, adverse effects experienced, such as being rejected or ignored, are often overlooked. Moreover, there has been limited discussion on the effects of giving social support to others. Thus, this study investigates the impacts of social support given by disabled older adults to others on their own depressive symptoms, as well as the mediating role of receiving social support (both positive and negative aspects) and the moderating effect of the activity of daily living (ADL).Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted in Wenzhou and Jiaxing City, China, from September 2021 to September 2022, with a total of 255 disabled older adults meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were collected face-to-face using a structured questionnaire. The participants were asked to complete the Barthel Index Scale, the Chinese version of the Positive and Negative Social Exchange Scale, the Giving Social Support questionnaire, and the Short Form Chinese Geriatric Depression Scale to measure disability, receiving positive and negative social support, giving social support, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, mediation effect tests, and moderation effect tests were used to analyse the questionnaire data.Results: The social support provided by disabled older adults to others primarily involved companionship and care. The positive aspect of social support received was largely emotional support, while the negative aspect was mainly characterised by failure to obtain help and unsympathetic behaviour. Providing social support was found to be associated with a potential beneficial effect on depressive symptoms, linked to lower severity, with this effect fully mediated by receiving social support. Specifically, receiving emotional support accounted for 56.63% of the effect size, while failure to obtain help and unsympathetic behaviour contributed 21.55%, and rejection and neglect collectively accounted for 21.83%. Additionally, the effect was partially moderated by ADL, with older adults exhibiting lower ADL scores showing a greater benefit from both giving and receiving social support compared to those with higher ADL scores.Conclusion: It is imperative to recognise and encourage disabled older adults to provide social support to others, especially emotional support, while reducing negative feedback, such as neglect and unnecessary blame. This could alleviate their depressive symptoms and promote psycho-social well-being.Keywords: disabled older adults, social support, social exchange, depressive symptoms, ADL

Suling Chen,1,&ast; Yuanhui Jiang,1,&ast; Xiaoli Lin,1,&ast; Hongjie Chen,1 Xiaoxuan Wu,2 Zhe Qian,3 Xuwen Xu,1 Huiqun Zhong,1 Jie Peng,1 Shaohang Cai1 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Communicable and Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Haizhu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Second Department of Elderly Respiratory, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Huiqun Zhong; Jie Peng, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China, Email lovely870821@163.com; pjie138@163.comPurpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people living with HIV (PLWH), proposing a novel and convenient predictor for early detection of MetS in PLWH.Patients and Methods: A total of 485 PLWH were enrolled. These participants were categorized into two groups based on the estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) level. Demographic and clinical data were collected to investigate the correlation between ePWV and MetS.Results: The cohort of 485 PLWH was categorized into high-ePWV and low-ePWV groups based on ePWV cutoff value of 10 m/s. We observed significant differences in components of MetS including triglycerides (TG, P < 0.05), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C, P < 0.01), systolic blood pressure (SBP, P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, P < 0.05), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG, P < 0.001) between the two groups. Furthermore, we employed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to demonstrate the effectiveness of ePWV as a predictive indicator for MetS in PLWH (AUC = 0.739, P

Wei Liao,1,2,&ast; Jiaxuan Lu,3,&ast; Yuyuan Xu,4,&ast; Chulin Yang,1,5 Hongjie Chen,4 Shaohang Cai,4 Lili Liu,1,6 Shuwei Chen1,5 1State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shaohang Cai, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China, Email shaohangcai@foxmail.com Shuwei Chen, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China, Email chenshuw@sysucc.org.cnBackground: To compare and analyze the presence of CD4+ and CD8 + lymphocyte infiltrates in Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue versus adjacent tissue and their clinical significance.Methods: We enrolled a total of 152 patients diagnosed with OSCC, all of whom had confirmed diagnoses through pathological reports. Clinical and demographics data were extracted from medical records. Tissue microarrays were constructed and immunohistochemical staining for CD4 and CD8 was performed.Findings: The average number of infiltrating CD4+ T cells in OSCC tumor tissue was 1026.22± 1163.36 cells/mm2, which did not significantly differ from the count in adjacent tissue, which was 1163.36± 1013.23 cells/mm2. However, the number of CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissue was significantly higher than in adjacent tissue (655.25± 705.70 vs 504.56± 659.26 cells/mm2, p = 0.026). We observed that, among patients who consumed alcohol, the CD4+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissue being significantly lower than that in adjacent tissue (P=0.036). Moreover, the CD8+ T cell infiltration in cancer tissue was significantly higher than in adjacent tissue for T1-2 patients (p=0.005). Patients with higher CD8+ T cell in tumor tissue exhibited significantly improved overall survival (p = 0.043). Multivariate analyses revealed that alcohol consumption had a significant impact on the number of CD4+T lymphocytes in tumor tissue (OR = 0.403, P = 0.033) while T stage was the independent factor affecting CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration in tumor tissue (OR = 0.459, P = 0.031).Interpretation: OSCC patients with a higher number of CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration in tumor tissue exhibited an improved prognosis.Keywords: microenvironment, OSCC, CD8 T cells, CD4 T cells, prognosis

Xiaokun Wu,1,&ast; Shu Cai,1,&ast; Ye Zhou,2 Yutao Lan,1 Yan Lin3 1School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nursing, Luzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nursing, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yutao Lan, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 283 Jianghai Avenue, Haizhu Distric, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13710667351, Email lanyutao@gdpu.edu.cnPurpose: This study aimed to develop a medication literacy scale for parents of children with epilepsy (MLSPCE) and to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Patients and Methods: The pilot scale was formulated based on the concept of medication literacy, the knowledge-attitude-practice model, and relevant literature reviews. It was formed through two rounds of expert consultations using the Delphi method. A survey of 657 parents of children with epilepsy, who were admitted to the neurology department or examined in the neuro-electrophysiological outpatient department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, using the pilot scale was conducted from October 2021 to January 2022 to test the reliability and validity of the scale questionnaire. The content validity of the scale questionnaire was assessed by consulting 20 neurology nursing, neurology clinician, and nursing education experts. Numbers, percentages, t-test, correlation analysis, Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient and factor analysis were used for data analysis.Results: The MLSPCE included 34 items in four dimensions. Ten factors were drawn from the explorative factor analysis, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 62.32%. The content validity index of each item on the 34-item scale was between 0.81 and 1.0, and the scale-content validity index/ average was 0.97. The correlation coefficient between each item and its dimension was between 0.399 and 0.760, the correlation coefficients between dimensions were between 0.150 and 0.382, and the correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total scale were between 0.390 and 0.845. Differences for all comparisons were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.864, and the split-half reliability of the total scale was 0.923.Conclusion: All the statistical procedures performed in the validity and reliability stages of the study showed that MLSPCE is a valid and reliable tool for measuring medication literacy among Chinese parents of children with epilepsy.Keywords: epilepsy in children, medication literacy, scale development, reliability test, validity test

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a burgeoning class of crystalline porous materials constructed by covalently connecting organic building blocks, have garnered tremendous attention. The predominant solvothermal synthesis of COFs usually requires high temperature and long reaction times (three days or longer), which creates substantial obstacles for their accelerated discovery and exploration in practical applications. Hence, the expeditious synthesis of COFs without compromising their inherent properties is exceedingly appealing from the viewpoint of cost, time, and energy footprint. To overcome the sluggishness of the synthesis, considerable efforts have been invested in the rapid synthesis of high-quality COFs through innovations in energy source, catalyst, solvent, monomer, nucleation, and workup activation, leading to a drastic reduction of reaction time from multiple days to a few hours, and even to seconds in some cases. In this contribution, we provide a comprehensive overview of the advances in expediting the synthesis science of COFs. Though a nascent effort, six prevalent strategies have been identified for the rapid synthesis of COFs, which have led to intriguing applications in a diverse range of areas including gas adsorption, separation, heterogeneous catalysis, environmental remediation, and photodynamic therapy. We also outline the major challenges and perspectives on the future directions empowered by expeditious COF synthesis.

Archeomagnetism focuses on exploring high-resolution variations of the geomagnetic field over hundreds to thousands of years. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive study of chronology, absolute and relative paleointensity on a late Neolithic site in central China. Ages of the samples are constrained to be ~3,500–3,000 BCE, a period when available paleointensity data are sparse. We present a total of 64 high-fidelity absolute paleointensities, demonstrating the field varied quickly from ~55 to ~90 ZAm2 between ~3,500–3,000 BCE. Our results record a new archeomagnetic jerk around 3,300 BCE, which is probably non-dipolar origin. The new results provide robust constraints on global geomagnetic models. We calculated a revised Chinese archeointensity reference curve for future application. The variations of absolute and relative paleointensity versus depth show good consistency, reinforcing the reliability of our results. This new attempt of combining absolute and relative paleointenstiy provides a useful tool for future archeomagnetic research.

Porous graphitic framework (PGF) is a two-dimensional (2D) material that has emerging energy applications. An archetype contains stacked 2D layers, the structure of which features a fully annulated aromatic skeleton with embedded heteroatoms and periodic pores. Due to the lack of a rational approach in establishing in-plane order under mild synthetic conditions, the structural integrity of PGF has remained elusive and ultimately limited its material performance. Here, we report the discovery of the unusual dynamic character of the C=N bonds in the aromatic pyrazine ring system under basic aqueous conditions, which enables the successful synthesis of a crystalline porous nitrogenous graphitic framework with remarkable in-plane order, as evidenced by powder X-ray diffraction studies and direct visualization using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The crystalline framework displays superior performance as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, outperforming the amorphous counterparts in terms of capacity and cycle stability. Insertion of well-defined, evenly spaced nanoscale pores into the two-dimensional (2D) layers of graphene invokes exciting properties due to the modulation of its electronic band gaps and surface functionalities. A bottom-up synthesis approach to such porous graphitic frameworks (PGFs) is appealing but also remains a great challenge. The current methods of building covalent organic frameworks rely on a small collection of thermodynamically reversible reactions. Such reactions are, however, inadequate in generating a fully annulated aromatic skeleton in PGFs. With the discovery of dynamic pyrazine formation, we succeeded in applying this linking chemistry to obtain a crystalline PGF material, which has displayed high electrical conductivity and remarkable performance as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. We envision that the demonstrated success will open the door to a wide array of fully annulated 2D porous frameworks, which hold immense potential for clean energy applications. We report the unusual dynamic characteristics of the C=N bonds in the pyrazine ring promoted under basic aqueous conditions, which enables the successful synthesis of two-dimensional porous graphitic frameworks (PGFs) featuring fully annulated aromatic skeletons and periodic pores. The PGF displayed high electrical conductivity and remarkable performance as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, far outperforming the amorphous counterparts in terms of capacity and cycle stability.

Yan Yin,1 Jinfu Xu,2 Shaoxi Cai,3 Yahong Chen,4 Yan Chen,5 Manxiang Li,6 Zhiqiang Zhang,7 Jian Kang1 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jian Kang, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street (North), Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13998893921, Fax +86 2483282002, Email kangjian58@163.comPurpose: There is an unmet clinical need for an accurate and objective diagnostic tool for early detection of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). DETECT (NCT03556475) was a multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study aiming to develop and validate multivariable prediction models for AECOPD occurrence and severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China.Patients and Methods: Patients aged ≥ 40 years with moderate/severe COPD, AECOPD, or no COPD were consecutively enrolled between April 22, 2020, and January 18, 2021, across seven study sites in China. Multivariable prediction models were constructed to identify AECOPD occurrence (primary outcome) and AECOPD severity (secondary outcome). Candidate variables were selected using a stepwise procedure, and the bootstrap method was used for internal model validation.Results: Among 299 patients enrolled, 246 were included in the final analysis, of whom 30.1%, 40.7%, and 29.3% had COPD, AECOPD, or no COPD, respectively. Mean age was 64.1 years. Variables significantly associated with AECOPD occurrence (P< 0.05) and severity (P< 0.05) in the final models included COPD disease-related characteristics, as well as signs and symptoms. Based on cut-off values of 0.374 and 0.405 for primary and secondary models, respectively, the performance of the primary model constructed to identify AECOPD occurrence (AUC: 0.86; sensitivity: 0.84; specificity: 0.77), and of the secondary model for AECOPD severity (AUC: 0.81; sensitivity: 0.90; specificity: 0.73) indicated high diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability.Conclusion: By leveraging easy-to-collect patient and disease data, we developed identification tools that can be used for timely detection of AECOPD and its severity. These tools may help physicians diagnose AECOPD in a timely manner, before further disease progression and possible hospitalizations.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute exacerbation, prediction model, diagnosis

Flexible, adaptive behaviour depends on the application of prior learning to novel contexts (transfer). Transfer can take many forms, but the focus of the present study was on "task schemas"—learning strategies that guide the earliest stages of engaging in a novel task. The central aim was to examine the architecture of task schemas and determine whether strategic task components can expedite learning novel tasks that share some structural components with the training tasks. Groups of participants across two experiments were exposed to different training regimes centred around multiple unique tasks that shared some/all/none of the structural task components (the kinds of stimuli, classifications, and/or responses) but none of the surface features (the specific stimuli, classifications, and/or responses) with the test task (a dot-pattern classification task). Initial test performance was improved (to a degree) in all groups relative to a control group whose training did not include any of the structural components relevant to the test task. The strongest evidence of transfer was found in the motoric, perceptual + categorization, and full schema training groups. This observation indicates that training with some (or all) strategic task components expedited learning of a novel task that shared those components. That is, task schemas were found to be componential and were able to expedite learning a novel task where similar (learning) strategies could be applied to specific elements of the test task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huihui Zeng,1– 3 Yiming Ma,1– 3 Xue He,1– 3 Shan Cai,1– 3 Ping Chen,1– 3 Yan Chen,1– 3 Hong Luo1– 3 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 2Research Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 3Hunan Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Hong LuoDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail luohonghuxi@csu.edu.cnBackground: Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a secondary process in many diseases. Due to its low incidence and indistinct symptoms, there is limited information on OP associated with haematological malignancies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discuss the characteristics and prognosis of OP associated with haematological malignancies.Methods: We observed and analysed pathologically confirmed OP cases associated with haematological malignancies in a hospital record database and excluded cases of OP with known causes, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, transplantation and infection.Results: There were five patients with OP underlying only haematological malignancies, including one case each of the following: myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myelogenous leukaemia, multiple myeloma, aplastic anaemia, and T cell lymphoma. Radiological findings did not show a distinct pattern, and two cases mimicked pulmonary aspergillosis with ground-glass opacity (GGO). The diagnosis of OP was confirmed by minimal invasive biopsy. Although all patients developed severe cases, steroids yielded favourable outcomes.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that haematological malignancies may be a cause of OP and that minimal invasive biopsy may be an effective and safe method to confirm the diagnosis. Although OP associated with haematological malignancies may more frequently develop into severe cases, the OP lesions were steroid-responsive during follow-up.Keywords: organizing pneumonia, haematological malignancies, characteristics, follow-up

Yunqing Sun,&ast; Zhuohong Li,&ast; Guichan Liao, Muye Xia, Xuwen Xu, Shaohang Cai, Jie Peng Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jie Peng; Shaohang Cai Email pjie138@163.com; shaohangcai@foxmail.comBackground and Aim: The long‐term outcomes of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV‐ACLF) remain not well known. This study aimed to investigate whether aMAP score can predict re-hospitalization, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence and long-term mortality in patients with HBV-ACLF.Methods: A total of 82 patients diagnosed with HBV-ACLF and survived over 6 months were enrolled. The median follow-up period was 105 (75.9, 134.1) months. The Cox proportional hazards or logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors. Cumulative incidence of HCC and survival rate were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis.Results: Multivariate analysis identified that the aMAP risk score was an independent predictor of re-hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = 1.112, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.021– 1.211, p = 0.015), hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence (hazards ratio [HR] = 2.277, 95% CI: 1.014– 5.114, p = 0.046) and mortality (HR = 1.366, 95% CI: 1.040– 1.794, p = 0.025). High-risk aMAP scores were associated with higher risk of HCC occurrence and mortality.Conclusion: A higher aMAP score was an independent risk predictor of re-hospitalization, HCC occurrence and mortality, respectively, in HBV-ACLF patients who survived over 6 months, which can be applicable for early risk stratification and clinical decision.Keywords: acute-on-chronic liver failure, chronic hepatitis B virus infection, re-hospitalization, hepatocellular carcinoma, mortality, prognosis

Marine communities face continuing and accelerating climate change. Predicting which species will go extinct or persist in future climates requires assessing redistribution potential and tolerance to warming, both of which can depend on dispersal ability. We evaluated biophysical processes that could promote population persistence under changing climatic conditions by (1) promoting poleward dispersal in an Eastern Boundary Current region, where offshore currents flow predominantly equatorward, and (2) increasing the frequency of more thermotolerant phenotypes in marine populations. We paired intensive time-series observations (during 2014 and 2015) of recruitment and thermal tolerance limits for cohorts of marine mussels with simulated larval transport using a high-resolution, 3D coastal circulation model of the northeastern Pacific. We used the modeling results to predict the proportion of individuals in each recruiting cohort that originated from sources south or north of our study site on the USA west coast (45.50°N, 123.95°W) as well as the environmental conditions experienced in the water column. We found that the coastal upwelling index was related to origin of individuals within recruiting cohorts, with poleward recruitment predicted to increase under downwelling conditions. Furthermore, thermal tolerance limits were higher in cohorts predicted to experience higher and more variable temperatures during dispersal. These findings highlight complex links between demographic and physical transport processes as well as the potential for climate-driven changes in wind patterns to indirectly affect species’ abilities to cope with increasing temperatures.

SmB6 has been a well-known Kondo insulator for decades, but recently attracts extensive new attention as a candidate topological system. Studying SmB6 under pressure provides an opportunity to acquire the much-needed understanding about the effect of electron correlations on both the metallic surface state and bulk insulating state. Here we do so by studying the evolution of two transport gaps (low temperature gap El and high temperature gap Eh) associated with the Kondo effect by measuring the electrical resistivity under high pressure and low temperature (0.3 K) conditions. We associate the gaps with the bulk Kondo hybridization, and from their evolution with pressure we demonstrate an insulator-to-metal transition at ∼4 GPa. At the transition pressure, a large change in the Hall number and a divergence tendency of the electron-electron scattering coefficient provide evidence for a destruction of the Kondo entanglement in the ground state. Our results raise the new prospect for studying topological electronic states in quantum critical materials settings.

Qi Li,1 Suna Cai,1 Mengjiao Li,1 Kab Ibrahim Salma,1 Xiaojie Zhou,1 Feiyu Han,2 Jinzhao Chen,2 Ting Huyan1,3 1Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, People’s Republic of China; 2Shanxi Weiqidaguangming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, The First Medical Park, Economic & Technology Development Zone, Datong, 037000, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ting HuyanKey Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 29 8846 0332Email huyanting@nwpu.edu.cnAbstract: Nowadays, tumor has been the serious threat to human health and life. To further explore the mechanism of tumor genesis and development is necessarily for developing the effective treatment strategy. Extracellular vesicles are the vesicles secreted by almost all types of cells, and they play an important part in intercellular communication by transporting their cargoes. Immune cells are the vital components of the human defense system, which defense against infection and tumor through cytotoxicity, immune surveillance, and clearance. However, via release tumor-derived extracellular vesicles, tumor could induce immune cells dysfunction to facilitate its proliferation and metastasis. Studies have shown that tumor-derived extracellular vesicles play dual role on immune cells by their specific cargoes. Here, we reviewed the effects of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles on immune cells in recent years and also summarized their research progress in the tumor immunotherapy and diagnosis.Keywords: tumor-derived extracellular vesicles, immune cell, regulatory effects, drug delivery, immunotherapy

Ya Gao,1,&ast; Weiru Li,1,&ast; Xiaoyin Bu,1,&ast; Ying Xu,1 Shengchun Cai,1 Jinman Zhong,1 Meixue Du,1 Haitao Sun,2 Liping Huang,3 Yongjian He,4 Xiumei Hu,4 Qifa Liu,1 Hua Jin,1 Qian Wang,2,4 Baohong Ping5 1Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Hematology, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Baohong PingDepartment of Hematology, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8615625042109Fax +862061642231Email nfyypingbaohong66@163.comQian WangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8613822251298Fax +862061643018Email wangqian@smu.edu.cnBackground: Acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) remains a leading cause of transplant-related mortality following allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) are a novel mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have stronger proliferation and immunomodulatory ability compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Besides, as the amniotic membrane is often treated as medical waste after delivery, hAMSCs can be obtained conveniently and noninvasively. The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of hAMSCs transplantation for the humanized aGVHD mouse model.Methods: We established a humanized aGVHD mouse model by transplanting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into NOD-PrkdcscidIL2rγnull (NPG) mice, human amniotic membrane collected from discarded placenta of healthy pregnant women after delivery and hAMSCs were extracted from amniotic membrane and expanded in vitro. Mice were divided into untreated group (Control), aGVHD group (aGVHD), and hAMSCs treatment group (aGVHD+hAMSCs), the hAMSCs labeled with GFP were administered to aGVHD mice to explore the homing ability of hAMSCs. T effector and regulatory T cells (Tregs) levels and cytokines of each group in target organs were detected by flow cytometry and cytometric bead array (CBA), respectively.Results: We successfully established a humanized aGVHD mouse model using NPG mice. The hAMSCs have the ability to inhibit aGVHD in this mouse model through reduced villous blunting and lymphocyte infiltration of the gut while reducing inflammatory edema, tissue destruction and lymphocyte infiltration into the parenchyma of the liver and lung. hAMSCs suppressed CD3+CD4+ T and CD3+CD8+ T cell expression and increased the proportion of Tregs, and besides, hAMSCs can reduce the levels of IL-17A, INF-γ, and TNF in aGVHD target organs.Conclusion: The NPG murine environment was capable of activating human T cells to produce aGVHD pathology to mimic aGVHD as in humans. The hAMSCs controlled aGVHD by decreasing inflammatory cytokine secretion within target organs by modulating the balance of Tregs and T effector cells in humanized mice.Keywords: acute graft versus host disease, humanized mouse model, NPG mice, amniotic mesenchymal stem cells, immunomodulatory

Xiaopeng Cui,1,2,* Wen-Qiang Xin,1,* Bangyue Wang,1 Yan Zhao,1 Changkai Hou,1 Shifei Cai,1 Chao Peng,1 Zhen Wang,1 Jian Li,1 Linchun Huan,3 Lei Chen,2 Xinyu Yang1 1Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People’s Hospital, Shandong, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xinyu YangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 154 Anshan Road, Peace Zone, Tianjin, 300041, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail yangxinyu@tmu.edu.cnLei ChenDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, 41 Zhejiang Road, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300450, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail chenlei1130@163.comObjective: Several studies have reported that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CDKN2A/CDKN2B gene on chromosome 9p21.3 are associated with increased risk of intracranial aneurysm (IA). However, the association between IAs and SNPs of CDKN2A/CDKN2B in Chinese Han people is yet to be evaluated. This study examined the association of the SNPs rs10811661 and rs4977574 with IA in the Chinese Han population.Methods: A total of 595 IA patients and 600 sex- and age-matched controls were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood was collected and stored at – 80°C until use. CDKN2A/CDKN2B was identified using polymerase chain reaction–ligase detection reaction. SNP genotyping was performed for rs10811661 and rs4977574 using a MassArray system. Associations between these two SNPs and IAs was tested with χ2 or Fisher’s exact tests and multivariate logistic regression.Results: rs10811661 and rs4977574 were significantly associated with IA. The frequency of rs10811661-T in IA was higher than in controls (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07– 1.49; P< 0.01). There was no significant difference in frequency of haplotype between control subjects and IA patients.Conclusion: rs10811661 and rs4977574 on 9p21.3 were strongly associated with genetic susceptibility to IA in the Chinese Han population, which emphasizes a need for further investigation.Keywords: intracranial aneurysm, CDKN2A/CDKN2B gene, Chinese Han population, SNP

Oriented growth of thin films of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has attracted significant interest as the anisotropically aligned channels provide ideal nanoscopic domains that can facilitate mass transport or charge percolation. Despite some experimental progress in achieving oriented COF thin films, little is known about the kinetics and thermodynamics associated with the orientation or control over the solution-based growth process. We performed a systematic study of the thin film growth of an imine-based COF as a function of concentration and growth time. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) was used to reveal the orientation and evolution of crystallization within the thin films at sequential growth stages. An unusual re-entrant transition from an oriented to disoriented to reoriented state was discovered, which correlates with the kinetics associated with independent surface- and solution-based nucleation and growth processes, as well as reorganization of disoriented COF crystallites.