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Given that a substantial proportion of the subgroup of COVID-19 patients that face a severe disease course are younger than 60 years, it is critical to understand the disease-specific characteristics of young COVID-19 patients. Risk factors for a severe disease course for young COVID-19 patients and possible non-linear influences remain unknown. Data were analyzed from COVID-19 patients with clinical outcome in a single hospital in Wuhan, China, collected retrospectively from Jan 24th to Mar 27th. Clinical, demographic, treatment and laboratory data were collected from patients' medical records. Uni- and multivariable analysis using logistic regression and random forest, with the latter allowing the study of non-linear influences, were performed to investigate the clinical characteristics of a severe disease course. A total of 762 young patients (median age 47 years, interquartile range [IQR] 38–55, range 18–60; 55.9% female) were included, as well as 714 elderly patients as a comparison group. Among the young patients, 362 (47.5%) had a severe/critical disease course and the mean age was statistically significantly higher in the severe subgroup than in the mild subgroup (59.3 vs. 56.0, Student's t-test: p p = 0.039) are particularly associated with the risk of developing severe COVID-19 specifically in young patients, whereas no such influence seems to exist for elderly patients. Additional analysis suggests that the influence of complement C3 in young patients is independent of age, gender, and comorbidities. Variable importance values and partial dependence plots obtained using random forests delivered additional insights, in particular indicating non-linear influences of risk factors on disease severity. This study identified increased levels of complement C3 as a unique risk factor for adverse outcomes specific to young COVID-19 patients.

To explore the relationship between social support and sleep quality of community workers in Wuhan during the coronavirus disease 2019 (the COVID-19 infection epidemic), this research constructed a mediating effect model to explore the mediating psychological mechanism of social support influencing sleep quality of front-line community workers A total of 500 front-line community workers in Wuhan were investigated We used the perceived social support scale (PSSS), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the perceived stress scale (PSS), and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) to measure social support, psychological resilience, perceived stress and sleep quality Specifically, the higher the PSQI, the worse the sleep quality Pearson correlation structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship between these factors The results showed that: (1) There was a significant negative correlation between social support, psychological resilience, and perceived stress of community workers and PSQI, that means, the higher the level of social support, psychological resilience, and perceived stress, the higher the sleep quality (2) Social support positively predicted psychological resilience and perceived stress, and perceived stress negatively predicted PSQI (3) Social support can affect sleep quality through the mediating role of psychological resilience and perceived stress, and the mediating role includes two paths: the single mediating role of perceived stress and the chain mediating role of psychological resilience-perceived stress (4) Gender moderates the relationship between social support and perceived stress, and the influence of social support on perceived stress of women is higher than that of men Gender moderates the relationship between psychological resilience and PSQI, and only women's psychological resilience had a negatively predictive effect on PSQI, while men did not, which means that psychological resilience of female frontline community workers can positively predict sleep quality This research reveals the relationship between social support and sleep quality and its mechanism and verifies that social support can indirectly affect physical health through psychological resilience and perceived stress It provides reference suggestions and intervention guidance for improving the sleep quality of community workers

Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic metformin posttreatment offers potent neuroreparative effects against acute brain injury. However, in previous studies, metformin was not initially administered beyond 24 h postinjury, and the effects of delayed metformin treatment in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other types of acute brain injury and the related mechanisms are unclear. To test this, male C57BL/6 mice received once daily metformin treatment (20, 50 or 100 mg/kg/d, i.p.) at day 1–14, day 1–2, day 1–10, day 3–10, day 5–12 or day 5–28 after cryogenic TBI (cTBI). The results showed that 100 mg/kg/d metformin administered at day 1–14 postinjury significantly promoted motor functional recovery in the beam walking and gait tests and reduced the infarct volume. Metformin (100 mg/kg/d) administered at day 1–10 or day 3–10 but not day 1–2 or day 5–12 after cTBI significantly improved motor functional outcomes at day 7 and 14, and reduced the infarct volume at day 14. Interestingly, the therapeutic time window was further expanded when the duration of metformin treatment starting at day 5 postinjury was extended to 2 weeks. Furthermore, compared with cTBI, the administration of metformin at day 3–10 or day 5–28 after cTBI significantly elevated the expression of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and growth associated protein 43 (an axonal regeneration marker) and the number of vascular branch points and decreased the area of glial scar and the number of amoeboid microglia in the peri-infarct area at day 14 or 28 postinjury. The above beneficial effects of metformin were blocked by the intracerebroventricular injection of the AMPK inhibitor compound C (40 μg/mouse/d). Our data provide the first evidence that metformin has a wide therapeutic time window for at least 5 days after cTBI, during which it can improve functional recovery by promoting tissue repair and inhibiting glial scar formation and microglial activation in a central AMPK-dependent manner.

Background Lung cancer is the most prevalent and deadliest cancer worldwide. The present study aims to determine the prognosis value of low expression long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in LUAD. Methods RNA-seq data and clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data-base. Dysregulated genes between LUAD and paracancerous tissue were screened by GeneSpringGX. Prognostic lncRNAs which were low expressed in LUAD were filtrated by Ualcan, then further verified through the TCGA database. The association between clinicopathological features and the expression level of these lncRNAs was tested by chi-square test. Cox regression analysis was performed to test independent prognosis risk factors. Diagnostic efficiency was predicted by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to explore potential functions of these prognostic signatures. Results Nine prognostic lncRNAs (LINC00092, LINC00908, WWC2-AS2, RPL13AP17, CHIAP2, SFTA1P, SIGLEC17P, CYP2B7P1, CYP4Z2P) were screened out through Ualcan and further verified by TCGA. Among them, six lncRNAs (RPL13AP17, CHIAP2, SFTA1P, SIGLEC17P, CYP2B7P1, CYP4Z2P) were pseudogene transcripts. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that three lnRNAs (LINC00908, WWC2-AS2 CYP2B7P) were independent prognostic risk factors for OS and two lncRNAs (WWC2-AS2, SIGLEC17P) were independent prognostic risk factors for RFS in LUAD patients. Meanwhile, they showed powerful diagnostic value by ROC curve analysis. GO analysis revealed correlation genes of prognostic signatures were mainly enriched in plasma membrane, plasma membrane part, purine nucleotide binding, cytoskeleton and ribonucleotide binding and KEGG pathway analysis showed mainly enriched in cell adhesion molecules. Conclusions The results illuminated that four lncRNAs (LINC00908, WWC2-AS2, CYP2B7P, SIGLEC17P) may be a powerful diagnostic and prognostic assessment tool for human LUAD.

This study aimed to investigate whether inhibition of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on pressure overload induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis is related to activation of ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. Male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham, control (abdominal aortic constriction), GLP-1 analog liraglutide (0.3 mg/kg/twice day), KATP channel blocker glibenclamide (5 mg/kg/day), and liraglutide plus glibenclamide. Relative to the control on week 16, liraglutide upregulated protein and mRNA levels of KATP channel subunits Kir6.2/SUR2 and their expression in the myocardium, vascular smooth muscle, aortic endothelium, and cardiac microvasculature. Consistent with a reduction in aortic wall thickness (61.4 ± 7.6 vs. 75.0 ± 7.6 μm, p

Aiming to enhance the water flux and anti-fouling performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes, TiO2–GO/PVDF membranes were first fabricated via blending and immersion precipitation phase inversion. Following that, TiO2–GO nanocomposites grafted with different polyethylene glycol (PEG) were employed as the additives to prepare the novel PVDF hybrid membranes. FTIR spectroscope, SEM, zeta potentiometer, and static contact angle analyzer were employed to characterize the structure and surface properties of the hybrid membranes. Ultrafiltration was used to evaluate the membrane performance. Results showed that the interaction between GO and TiO2 led to the good distribution of TiO2–GO in the polymeric membrane, which increased the polarity and porosity of the hybrid membranes, thus increasing their water flux and anti-fouling performance. The maximum flux of hybrid membranes was four times that of the neat PVDF membrane. The PEG grafted on the TiO2–GO nanocomposites did not only act as a pore-forming additive, but also improved the hydrophilicity and porosity of the hybrid membrane due to the enhancement on the distribution and surface polarity of TiO2–GO. Therefore, both the flux and anti-fouling performance of PVDF membranes containing PEG-modified TiO2–GO were significantly higher than those of membranes including unmodified TiO2–GO.

The cancer/testis antigen lactate dehydrogenase-C4 (LDHC) is a specific isoenzyme of the LDH family that regulates invasion and metastasis in some malignancies; however, little is known regarding its role in progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Thus, we investigated LDHC expression by immunohistochemistry, and analyzed its clinical significance in 88 LUAD specimens. The role and molecular mechanisms subserving LDHC in cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion were explored both in vitro and in vivo. As a result, we found that high LDHC expression was significantly correlated with clinicopathological features of aggressive LUAD and a poor prognosis. Overexpression of LDHC induced LUAD cells to produce lactate and ATP, increased their metastatic and invasive potential—, and accelerated xenograft tumor growth. We further demonstrated that overexpression of LDHC affected the expression of cell proliferation-related proteins (cyclin D1 and c-Myc) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins (MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cadherin, Vimentin, Twist, Slug, and Snail) both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, excessive activation of LDHC enhanced the phosphorylation levels of AKT and GSK-3β, revealing activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β oncogenic-signaling pathways. Treatment with a PI3K inhibitor reversed the effects of LDHC overexpression by inhibiting cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, with diminished levels of p-Akt and p-GSK3β. PI3K inhibition also reversed cell proliferation-related and EMT-related proteins in LDHC-overexpressing A549 cells. In conclusion, LDHC promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in LUAD cells via activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) with different molecular weights was first used to modify graphene oxide (GO) samples. Subsequently, polyimide (PI) hybrid membranes containing modified-GO were fabricated via in situ polymerization. The separation performance of these hybrid membranes was evaluated using permeation experiments for CO2 and N2 gases. The morphology characterization showed that PEG with suitable molecular weight could be successfully grafted on the GO surface. PEG modification altered the surface properties of GO and introduced defective structures onto GO surface. This caused strong surface polarity and high free volume of membranes containing PEG-modified GO, thereby improving the separation performance of membranes. The addition of PEG-GO with low molecular weight effectively increased gas diffusion through hybrid membranes. The hybrid membranes containing PEG-GO with large molecular weight had high solubility performance for CO2 gas due to the introduction of numerous polar groups into polymeric membranes. With the loading content of modified GO, the CO2 gas permeability of hybrid membranes initially increased but eventually decreased. The optimal content of modified GO in membranes reached 3.0 wt%. When too much PEG added (exceeding 30 g), some impurities formed on GO surface and some aggregates appeared in the resulting hybrid membrane, which depressed the membrane performance.

This study combines the adsorption layer nanoreactor synthesis (ALRS) method with in situ polymerization to prepare high-performance separation hybrid membranes containing TiO2-graphene oxide (TiO2-GO). TiO2 nanoparticles were initially generated on the GO surface through ALRS. Hybrid membranes containing A-TiO2-GO were then prepared using in situ polymerization. The inhibition of aggregation by the strong combination between the small TiO2 particles and the GO surface led to a homogeneous distribution of TiO2-GO in the polymeric matrix. This, in turn, caused a significant improvement of the membranes performance for CO2 separation. Both the small TiO2 particles and GO played an important role in increasing the gas separation performance of membranes. In particular, TiO2 small particles, with a polar surface, promoted the CO2 diffusion through the membranes, while GO addition significantly increased the solubility selectivity of the membranes toward CO2.

Glial scar impedes axon regeneration and functional recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although it has been shown that rapamycin (a specific inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin) can reduce astrocyte reactivation in the early stage of TBI, its effect on glial scar formation has not been characterized in TBI and other acute brain injury models. To test this, ICR mice received daily administration of rapamycin (0.5 or 1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) beginning at 1 h after cryogenic TBI (cTBI). The results showed that at 3 d post-injury, 1.5 mg/kg rapamycin increased cTBI-induced motor functional deficits and infarct size, and attenuated astrocyte reactivation in the ipsilateral cortex, while 0.5 mg/kg rapamycin did not worsen brain damage and only slightly attenuated astrocyte reactivation. Furthermore, at 7 and 14 d after cTBI, 0.5 mg/kg rapamycin group showed a better motor functional performance than cTBI group. At 14 d post-injury, 0.5 mg/kg rapamycin significantly reduced the area and thickness of glial scar and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression, accompanied by decreased expression of p-S6 and enhanced expression of growth associated protein 43 (an axon regeneration marker) in the region of glial scar. Our data suggest that long-term treatment with rapamycin can inhibit glial scar formation after cTBI, which may be involved in the mechanisms of increased axon regeneration and improved neurological functional recovery, and low-dose rapamycin may be more beneficial for such a therapy.

The aberrant expression of retinoic acid receptor-α (RARα) has been reported in various types of cancer. However, its association with the prognosis and development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has not yet been determined. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the expression and function of RARα in patients with LSCC. The expression of RARα in LSCC tissues was investigated using immunostaining. An MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis were also performed to investigate the function of RARα in the proliferation and cell cycle of LSCC cells. The expression of RARα was significantly elevated in LSCC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues (78.1 vs. 6.3%, P

Earlier electroencephalographic studies have compared attractive and unattractive faces and between faces with other objects, such as flowers, without revealing if a recognition memory bias toward faces and flowers exists or whether humans exhibit enhanced specific components toward all attractive objects or only toward attractive faces. For objects with similar degrees of attractiveness, we sought to determine if the N170, P1, and N250 reflect upon the attractiveness of faces and flowers and demonstrated by comparing event-related potentials of humans' different perceptual mechanisms recognizing high attractive faces and high attractive flowers. The repeated high attractive faces tended to elicit a larger N170. Simultaneously, the P1 was preferentially associated with the repeated high attractive flowers, but both indicated that the repetitive enhancement effect only occurred on repeated attractive faces. Thus, differences existed in the perceptual mechanisms for processing repeated high attractive faces and repeated high attractive flowers. However, there was no significant difference in N250 between repeated faces and repeated flowers or between high attractive faces and high attractive flowers. Consequently, high attractive faces and high attractive flowers capture the beholder's memory bias in different processing stages. The N170 and P1 components are affected by attractiveness, thereby demonstrating the differences between human perceptual mechanisms in recognizing high attractive faces and objects.

Handan city is a historical and cultural city of nation level in China, it had a long history and particular geography, thus there were lot of ancient settlements established in history. This essay discusses settlements and dwellings in Handan and shows arguments concerned with towns or courtyard development.

Metastatic bone disease caused by renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurs frequently. Very little is currently known about the mechanism of preferential metastasis of RCC to bone. We hypothesize that RCCs that develop bone metastases have the capacity to facilitate their colonization in bone. To examine this hypothesis, we established bone-seeking (ACHN-BO) clones of the human RCC cell line ACHN by repeated four passages in nude mice and in vitro of metastatic cells obtained from bone. These clones were examined for distinguishing biological characteristics and compared with the ACHN parental cells (ACHN-P) in vivo and in vitro. Our results showed that the ACHN-BO cell line could be successfully obtained by in vivo selection through the lateral tail vein. This approach results in the development of multiple osteolytic lesions in the distal femora and proximal tibiae within four weeks after inoculation, with a success rate of 85–100% and no additional comorbidity. ACHN-P cells developed metastases in lung, bone, brain, ovary and adrenal glands. Conversely, ACHN-BO cells exclusively metastasized to bones with larger osteolytic lesions. Compared with the ACHN-P cell line, the proliferation ability in ACHN-BO6 was increased by 9.68 and 6.42%, respectively (P

On the basis of calculation of velocity and acceleration in multi-rigid body dynamics,velocity and acceleration formulas of wheel center are established when dynamic equations of vehicle are built. Adams software is used to test correction of the method ,demonstrating high accuracy of the way， which provide theoretical basis for dynamics model of vehicle.

This paper proposes a new description method of truss structure based on adjacent matrix and the expression of element stiffness matrix (ESM) containing the joint number. Furthermore a procedure is also given for obtaining a general total stiffness matrix (GTSM) by using the method of large domain transformation matrix (LDTM). GTSM can reduce the difficulty in designing variable geometry trusses.

Objective: To confirm feasibility of Cyclin D1 gene as a new target for cancer gene therapy and to verify the effectiveness of shRNA expression vector-mediated gene silencing. Methods: A RNA interference DNA template targeting Cyclin D1 gene was designed and synthesized. By ligation, the fragment was inserted into Pgenesil-1-U6 to constract the recombinant plasmid Pgenesil-shRNA- Cyclin D1. The identified recombinant plasmid was transfected into ACHN cells with lipofactamine. Cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression was analyzed by RT-PCR and western-blotting. MTT method was used for observing cell proliferation and drawing growth curve. The cell cycle and ratios of apoptotic cell were assessed by flow cytometric detection. The ability of invasion of cell migration was detected by Transwell chamber invasive models. Results: The plasmid was constructed successfully. After interference, The expression rate of Cyclin D1 mRNA decreased to 0.10±0.04 in Cyclin D1-shRNA(experimental) group and were significantly lower than Pgenesil-NC (negative) group (0.92±0.03) and ACHN (blank control) group(0.94±0.04)(P Conclusion: The shRNA can inhibit Cyclin D1 expression, specifically and persistently. The down-regulation of Cyclin D1 expression can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of renal cell adenocarcinoma cell line ACHN.

Based on international standards for Electric Navigational Chart in a wide variety of standard materials, such as fairways, navigation lines, beacons, buoys, wrecks, and so on, up to 180 species, and different object has different standard display. Display symbols of some objects can be determined according to category attribute or shape attribute, but some other have to be determined based on the combination of category attribute and shape attribute. In addition, there are both objects with simple and complex boundaries so it will be very important to determine a complex corresponding relationship between objects and symbols in the symbol library of electric navigational chart. On the basis of analyzing international standards for Electric Navigational Chart, this paper analyzes the corresponding relationship between objects and symbols, proposes an indexing establishment process between symbols and objects, and implemented the indexing of the symbols in Electric Navigational Chart.

The electronic chart symbol library is the important component of electronic chart display and expression. The point symbols, line symbols and fill patterns of the electronic chart symbol library are a kind of map language which is used to mark the ocean geographic elements and navigation signals, and they are the major expression of the chart. Currently GIS is not compatible with the electronic chart, and the GIS software can't support the electronic chart display in accordance with international standards. In that case, we must build the symbol library which is in accordance with the electronic chart schema requirements. Based on the study of international electronic chart specifications, this paper provides a method of building the electronic chart symbol library which is based on ArcGIS platform and in line with IHO S-52 specifications, and builds a set of integrated electronic chart symbol library.

To explore the relationship between multidrug resistance (Mdr) and malignancy. To observe whether P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression had the same bioactivity as osteogenic stem cell turning into more mature cell or more complex phenotype when parent cell line turned to Mdr phenotype.Six cell sublines of Mdr phenotype with different expression degree were analyzed. Stathmin generally identified in malignancy cell and stem cell, was a microtubule associated protein and the signal of differentiation in osteogenic stem cell. RT-PCR and hybridization in situ were used to analyze the relationship between Mdr1 mRNA and expression of Stathmin mRNA and VEGF mRNA.Morphological and functional analysis of Mdr phenotype showed the P-gp-positive cell lines were more differentiated than the parent cells in terms of enhanced activity of cellular alkaline phosphatase. These subclones all displayed a decrease in potential malignancy such as tumor growth rate and metastatic ability. A significant negative correlation could be identified between Mdr1 mRNA and expression of VEGF and Stathmin mRNA.Expression of Mdr1/P170 indicated osteosarcoma cells differentiated towards more mature state, which will develop the new research field of Mdr and supply the new research method of the function of P- gp.

Dofetilide (DOF), a novel Class III antiarrhythmic drug, prolongs the action potential duration (APD) and shows a positive inotropic effect in guinea pig papillary muscle. The present experiments were designed to study the positive inotropic effect of DOF on rat ventricle and explore its possible mechanism(s). Hearts from male Wistar rats (260–320 g) were divided into five groups and perfused in Langendorff mode. Ventricular myocytes were enzymatically isolated from male Wistar rats. Whole-cell voltage-clamping technique was used to test the Na+–Ca2+ exchange (NCE) current (I NCX); Calcium transients and cell shortening provoked by field stimulation or using calcium current command waveform were observed synchronously with an ionic imaging system. DOF (0.03–1.0 μM) increased left ventricular function in isolated rat hearts in a concentration-dependent manner. DOF (0.03–1.0 μM) also concentration-dependently increased both inward and outward I NCX in isolated rat ventricular cells. The EC50 values of DOF were 0.149 μM for the inward I NCX and 0.249 μM for outward I NCX, respectively. DOF 0.2 μM significantly enhanced Ca2+ transient and cell shortening in single rat ventricular myocytes driven by field electric stimulation. When the patch clamp system was connected to the ionic imaging system, Ca2+ current (I Ca), Ca2+ transient and cell shortening amplitude in a same cell were recorded synchronously. Application of DOF 0.2 μM had no effect on I Ca, but significantly increased Ca2+ transient and cell shortening. NCX inhibitor KB-R7943 0.6 μM significantly depressed the effects of DOF on Ca2+ transient and cell shortening. We conclude that DOF enhanced contractility of rat ventricular myocytes. The enhancement of NCE may be involved in the positive inotropic action of DOF.

C 3 to C 10 α-olefins and n-paraffins were reacted over HZSM-5 zeolite poisoned with pyridine at different temperatures. The parent ZSM-5 was synthesized free of organic reagent. Conversion and product distribution depend closely on the acid strength distribution and the reactant chain length. n-Paraffins are much less reactive than α-olefins over the relatively weaker acid sites, but reactivity is enhanced by small amounts of olefins. α-Olefins always show much higher reactivity, and give more C 5+ gasoline product with higher aromatics content than n-paraffins. It is concluded that zeolite with moderate acid strength is preferred for upgrading of C 3 to C 10 aliphatics to high-octane gasoline. Coking plays an important role in the deactivation of the zeolite. Coking resistance can be enhanced significantly by steaming the zeolite at high temperature.

To test and evaluate the olfactory function of patient after total laryngectomy, seek to a practical method to ameliorate olfactory function and rise the qualitative character of these patients.Using the TT olfactory examination to evaluate the olfactory function of 60 cases. Four cases olfactory mucosae were observed by electron microscope. Observing relation among the remains olfaction, the time after operation and whether or not undergone the voice reconstruction. And analyse the reasons of the above hyposomnia. Using the closing-mouth and nasal out-word airflow maneuver (CNOAM) as the intervention in the patients of tracheoesophageal fistula voice reconstruction after total laryngectomy to observe the amelioration after intervention.It shows various degree of hyposmia and anosmia in the cases after total laryngectomy with or without tracheoesophageal fistula voice reconstruction, with significant deference (P0.01) compared to the normal person respectively. There are precisely correlation among the time after operation and whether or not undergone the voice reconstruction. The longer time leads to less remaining olfaction. The patients after total laryngectomy without tracheoesophageal fistula voice reconstruction have lost their olfaction thoroughly within 5 years. But for the patients after total laryngectomy with tracheoesophageal fistula voice reconstruction, they have a middle hyposmia within 5 years, with significant deference (P0.01) between the patients in 5 years and after 5 years. There were significant differences (P0.01) between the values of patients with and without tracheoesophageal fistula voice reconstruction. The ultrastructure of 4 cases of olfactory epithelium shows the apoptosis change. After the treatment of CNOAM, the remaining olfaction of most patients were improved, with significant deference (P0.01) compared to those before the treatment of CNOAM.The proceed hypofunction of olfaction may be influenced by the reform of respiratory air, the extinction of air velocity bypass the nasal cavity and the apoptosis of epithelial cells in the patients after total laryngectomy. But if we give an early intervention study such as tracheoesophageal fistula voice reconstruction and CNOAM, the olfactory function may be maintenance. During the intervention, the ending of olfactory nerves may be get uninterrupt stimulation. This may help the patients keep a better existing quality than those fail to accept the interventions.

To investigate a new method to construct tissue-engineering bone that will be applicable clinically.The cultured 5th generation rabbit bone marrow stroma osteoblasts (MSO) was dissolved in 3% sodium alginate solution (the final concentration of sodium alginate in the solution being 1%, and MSO, 5x10(6)/L), and then inoculated into prepared true bone ceramic (TBC) and gelatinized the bone by dribbling with calcium gluconate. The standard bone defect models were made in 48 adult New Zealand rabbit's both radius. Among the 48 rabbits, 24 were in Groups A and B, in which the left radius was implanted with gelatinized MSO-TBC (Group A) and right radius implanted with autograft-bone (Group B); and the other 24 were in control group whose left radius was implanted with non-gelatinized MSO-TBC (Group C) and right radius implanted with gelatinized TBC (Group D). Outcomes of the implanted bones were assessed by radiology, pathological histology, osteogenetic quantitative analysis, and biomechanics at 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks postoperatively.In Groups A and B, a satisfactory bone reparation and bony union was noted within 12 weeks. In Groups C and D, bone reparation was not satisfied compared with Group A in terms of ostogenetic quantity and biomechanics.Gelatinized MSO-TBC is an ideal artificial active bone that overcomes TBC shortcomings of fragileness and smooth surface that is not eligible for seed cell's adhesion. It is promising to put into clinical use extensively.

To evaluate the quality of voice restored by using a tracheoesophageal slit-like fistula objectively through acoustic analysis.Seven objective voice parameters (fundamental frequency, intensity, duration, formant F1, F2, F3 and their energy, jitter, and shimmer) of esophageal speech, Blom-Singer prosthesis voice, tracheoesophageal slit-like fistula voice, primary or modified surgical restored, and normal voice were analyzed and compared.T test was used for statistical analysis. The maximum phonation time of slit-like fistula voice was shorter than that of normal voice, longer than that of esophageal voice, no significant difference compared with that of Blom-Singer prosthesis voice. Its sound intensity of it was similar to that of normal voice and Blom-Singer voice, better than that of esophageal voice. Its fundamental frequency was lower than that of normal voice. Its shimmer and jitter was more than that of normal voice, less than that of esophageal voice, and similar to that of Blom-singer one. Compared with esophageal voice, all formants but F1 of it were not statistically different. No statistical difference between the 2 groups of slit-like fistula patients, i.e., the instant slit-like fistula construction after total laryngectomy and the second stage slit-like fistula construction.The voice quality of the patients with tracheoesophageal slit-like fistula is similar to that of the normal and could meet the needs of daily life.