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Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors exhibit excellent performance characteristics such as small size, ease of mass production, high versatility, and comparably low cost. In recent years, numerous FET biosensors based on various nanomaterials including silicon nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and transition metal dichalcogenides have been developed to detect a wide range of biomarkers that play a crucial role in early disease diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring and prognostic assessment. This review provides an overview of the structure, working principle, functionalization strategies and detection factors associated with FET biosensors based on diverse nanomaterials. Additionally, this paper discusses the applications of these diagnostic devices for detecting clinically relevant biomarkers such as nucleic acids, metabolites, proteins, cancer biomarkers, and hormones among others. The concluding section provides a comprehensive overview of the numerous challenges encountered in the widespread implementation of nanomaterial-based FET biosensors for clinical detection, while also presenting the future prospects for these biosensors based on current research advancements. Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors exhibit excellent performance characteristics such as small size, ease of mass production, high versatility, and comparably low cost. In recent years, numerous FET biosensors based on various nanomaterials have been developed to detect a wide range of biomarkers that play a crucial role in early disease diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring and prognostic assessment. This review provides an overview of the structure, working principle, functionalization strategies and detection factors associated with field-effect transistor biosensors based on diverse nanomaterials. Additionally, this article discusses the applications of these diagnostic devices for detecting clinically relevant biomarkers such as nucleic acids, metabolites, proteins, cancer biomarkers, hormones among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scars caused by skin injuries after burns, wounds, abrasions and operations have serious physical and psychological effects on patients. In recent years, the research of scar free wound repair has been greatly expanded. However, understanding the complex mechanisms of wound healing, in which various cells, cytokines and mechanical force interact, is critical to developing a treatment that can achieve scarless wound healing. Therefore, this paper reviews the types of wounds, the mechanism of scar formation in the healing process, and the current research progress on the dual consideration of wound healing and scar prevention, and some strategies for the treatment of scar free wound repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel heteropolysaccharide named SHDP was isolated from spent Hovenia dulcis peduncles (SHD) using alkali extraction. The preliminary characterization of the polysaccharide was performed by physicochemical and spectral methods. The bioactivitiesin vitrowere also investigated. The results indicated that SHDPs are homogeneous with an average molecular weight of approximately 4570 kDa, and contain uronic acid (2.3%) and protein (3.6%). It is mainly composed of rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 3.04:1:8.55:8.51:3.80:19.85:9.59. The structure perhaps contains 6)-Glcp-(1→, 3)-Rhap-(1→, 4)-Xylp-(1→, 3)-Fucp-(1→. Meanwhile, xylose and arabinose were attached to (1→3, 6)-Manp and (1→3, 6)-Galp. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the typical polysaccharide absorption of the polysaccharide. Antioxidant activities assaysin vitroindicated excellent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2ʹ-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-suphonic acid) diammonium (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, high superoxide radical scavenging activity, and medium chelating ferrous ions activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, SHDPs have the ability to enhance the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which plays an important role in the process of preventing alcoholism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are very important for laser technology, but the performances of available NLO crystals are still insufficient for increasing demand. Recently, the exploration of new NLO crystals in non-π-conjugated systems with the heteroatomic tetrahedra is attracting a lot of interest. In this work, we systematically explore the metal sulfamates containing [NH 2 SO 3 ] groups and four metal sulfamates, namely, Ca(NH 2 SO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O, Ca(NH 2 SO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O, Pb(NH 2 SO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O, and Pb(NH 2 SO 3 ) 2 were synthesized by aqueous solution and hydrothermal methods. Notably, these metal sulfamates exhibit different crystal structures and optical properties owing to the diverse arrangement of the functional groups in their structures. In addition, due to hydrogen bond regulation, the centrosymmetric (CS) compound Ca(NH 2 SO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O can transform into noncentrosymmetric (NCS) Ca(NH 2 SO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O, leading to NLO activity. Experimental characterizations and theoretical analysis reveal that these metal sulfamates are ultraviolet transparent and suitable for developing new NLO materials.

Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), located in the bulge region of the follicle, maintain hair follicle growth and cycling. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), non-protein coding transcripts, are widely known to play critical roles in differentiation and proliferation of stem cells. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the regulatory roles of lncRNA5322 in HFSCs proliferation and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Initially, the expression patterns of lncRNA5322 and microRNA-19b-3p (miR-19b-3p) in HFSCs were detected. Subsequently, gain-and loss-of-functions analyses were conducted to explore the roles of lncRNA5322, miR-19b-3p and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) in cell proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis of HFSCs, with the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)1 and CDK2 examined. Also, the interaction relationships among lncRNA5322, miR-19b-3p and MAPK1 were explored. Furthermore, a mouse model was established to detect the roles of lncRNA5322, miR-19b-3p, and MAPK1 in wound contraction and epidermal regeneration. Over-expressed lncRNA5322 was found to promote proliferation, colony formation ability but inhibit apoptosis of HFSCs, in addition to up-regulation of the expression of CDK1 and CDK2. LncRNA5322 was found to act as a ceRNA of miR-19b-3p which directly targeted MAPK1. Furthermore, up-regulation of lncRNA5322 enhanced wound contraction and epidermal regeneration in vivo by increasing the expression of MAPK1 through functioning as a ceRNA of miR-19b-3p. In summary, the results in this study suggested that lncRNA5322 serves as a ceRNA of miR-19b-3p to elevate the expression of MAPK1, ultimately promoting HFSCs proliferation, wound contraction and epidermal regeneration of mouse model.