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513 results on '"Cahill, James F"'

1. Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Author

Santangelo, James S, Ness, Rob W, Cohan, Beata, Fitzpatrick, Connor R, Innes, Simon G, Koch, Sophie, Miles, Lindsay S, Munim, Samreen, Peres-Neto, Pedro R, Prashad, Cindy, Tong, Alex T, Aguirre, Windsor E, Akinwole, Philips O, Alberti, Marina, Álvarez, Jackie, Anderson, Jill T, Anderson, Joseph J, Ando, Yoshino, Andrew, Nigel R, Angeoletto, Fabio, Anstett, Daniel N, Anstett, Julia, Aoki-Gonçalves, Felipe, Arietta, AZ Andis, Arroyo, Mary TK, Austen, Emily J, Baena-Díaz, Fernanda, Barker, Cory A, Baylis, Howard A, Beliz, Julia M, Benitez-Mora, Alfonso, Bickford, David, Biedebach, Gabriela, Blackburn, Gwylim S, Boehm, Mannfred MA, Bonser, Stephen P, Bonte, Dries, Bragger, Jesse R, Branquinho, Cristina, Brans, Kristien I, Bresciano, Jorge C, Brom, Peta D, Bucharova, Anna, Burt, Briana, Cahill, James F, Campbell, Katelyn D, Carlen, Elizabeth J, Carmona, Diego, Castellanos, Maria Clara, Centenaro, Giada, Chalen, Izan, Chaves, Jaime A, Chávez-Pesqueira, Mariana, Chen, Xiao-Yong, Chilton, Angela M, Chomiak, Kristina M, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F, Cisse, Ibrahim K, Classen, Aimée T, Comerford, Mattheau S, Fradinger, Camila Cordoba, Corney, Hannah, Crawford, Andrew J, Crawford, Kerri M, Dahirel, Maxime, David, Santiago, De Haan, Robert, Deacon, Nicholas J, Dean, Clare, del-Val, Ek, Deligiannis, Eleftherios K, Denney, Derek, Dettlaff, Margarete A, DiLeo, Michelle F, Ding, Yuan-Yuan, Domínguez-López, Moisés E, Dominoni, Davide M, Draud, Savannah L, Dyson, Karen, Ellers, Jacintha, Espinosa, Carlos I, Essi, Liliana, Falahati-Anbaran, Mohsen, Falcão, Jéssica CF, Fargo, Hayden T, Fellowes, Mark DE, Fitzpatrick, Raina M, Flaherty, Leah E, Flood, Pádraic J, Flores, María F, Fornoni, Juan, Foster, Amy G, Frost, Christopher J, Fuentes, Tracy L, Fulkerson, Justin R, Gagnon, Edeline, Garbsch, Frauke, Garroway, Colin J, Gerstein, Aleeza C, and Giasson, Mischa M

Subjects
Adaptation, Physiological, Biological Evolution, Cities, Ecosystem, Genes, Plant, Genome, Plant, Hydrogen Cyanide, Rural Population, Trifolium, Urbanization, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.

Published
2022

13. Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed

Author

Komatsu, Kimberly J., Avolio, Meghan L., Lemoine, Nathan P., Isbell, Forest, Grman, Emily, Houseman, Gregory R., Koerner, Sally E., Johnson, David S., Wilcox, Kevin R., Alatalo, Juha M., Anderson, John P., Aerts, Rien, Baer, Sara G., Baldwin, Andrew H., Bates, Jonathan, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, Belote, R. Travis, Blair, John, Bloor, Juliette M. G., Bohlen, Patrick J., Bork, Edward W., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Bowman, William D., Britton, Andrea J., Cahill, James F., Chaneton, Enrique, Chiariello, Nona R., Cheng, Jimin, Collins, Scott L., Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Du, Guozhen, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Foster, Bryan, Gough, Laura, Gross, Katherine, Hallett, Lauren M., Han, Xingguo, Harmens, Harry, Hovenden, Mark J., Jagerbrand, Annika, Jentsch, Anke, Kern, Christel, Klanderud, Kari, Knapp, Alan K., Kreyling, Juergen, Li, Wei, Luo, Yiqi, McCulley, Rebecca L., McLaren, Jennie R., Megonigal, J. Patrick, Morgan, John W., Onipchenko, Vladimir, Pennings, Steven C., Prevéy, Janet S., Price, Jodi N., Reich, Peter B., Robinson, Clare H., Russell, F. Leland, Sala, Osvaldo E., Seabloom, Eric W., Smith, Melinda D., Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Souza, Lara, Suding, Katherine, Suttle, K. Blake, Svejcar, Tony, Tilman, David, Tognetti, Pedro, Turkington, Roy, White, Shannon, Xu, Zhuwen, Yahdjian, Laura, Yu, Qiang, Zhang, Pengfei, and Zhang, Yunhai

Published
2019

19. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author

Smith, Melinda D, Wilkins, Kate D, Holdrege, Martin C, Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L, Knapp, Alan K, Sala, Osvaldo E, Dukes, Jeffrey S, Phillips, Richard P, Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A, Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H, Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E, Maestre, Fernando T, Power, Sally A, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J, Munson, Seth M, Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L, Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T, Bork, Edward W, Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M, Cahill, James F, Calvo, Dianela A, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Smith, Melinda D, Wilkins, Kate D, Holdrege, Martin C, Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L, Knapp, Alan K, Sala, Osvaldo E, Dukes, Jeffrey S, Phillips, Richard P, Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A, Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H, Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E, Maestre, Fernando T, Power, Sally A, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J, Munson, Seth M, Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L, Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T, Bork, Edward W, Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M, Cahill, James F, Calvo, Dianela A, Hautier, Yann, and Hefting, Mariet

Abstract

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events-the most common duration of drought-globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function-aboveground net primary production (ANPP)-was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.

Published
2024

20. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Smith, Melinda D, Wilkins, Kate D, Holdrege, Martin C, Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L, Knapp, Alan K, Sala, Osvaldo E, Dukes, Jeffrey S, Phillips, Richard P, Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A, Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H, Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E, Maestre, Fernando T, Power, Sally A, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J, Munson, Seth M, Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L, Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T, Bork, Edward W, Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M, Cahill, James F, Calvo, Dianela A, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Smith, Melinda D, Wilkins, Kate D, Holdrege, Martin C, Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L, Knapp, Alan K, Sala, Osvaldo E, Dukes, Jeffrey S, Phillips, Richard P, Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A, Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H, Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E, Maestre, Fernando T, Power, Sally A, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J, Munson, Seth M, Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L, Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T, Bork, Edward W, Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M, Cahill, James F, Calvo, Dianela A, Hautier, Yann, and Hefting, Mariet

Published
2024

21. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author

Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo E., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E., Maestre, Fernando T., Power, Sally A., Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill, James F., Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Forte, Tai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Hoss, Daniela, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Ingrisch, Johannes, Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Loydi, Alejandro, Luan, Junwei, Lawson, Jason, Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Macfarlane, Craig, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Malyshev, Andrey V., Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Penuelas, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo E., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E., Maestre, Fernando T., Power, Sally A., Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill, James F., Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Forte, Tai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Hoss, Daniela, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Ingrisch, Johannes, Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Loydi, Alejandro, Luan, Junwei, Lawson, Jason, Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Macfarlane, Craig, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Malyshev, Andrey V., Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Penuelas, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, and Zuo, Xiaoan

Abstract

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought., Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.

Published
2024

22. Invasion success of three cool‐season grasses in the northern prairie: a test of three hypotheses

Author

Villasor, Cedric, primary, Robertson, Kateri, additional, Becker, Thomas, additional, Cahill, James F., additional, Deák, Balázs, additional, Hensen, Isabell, additional, Otfinowski, Rafael, additional, Rosche, Christoph, additional, Borovyk, Dariia, additional, Vakhlamova, Tatyana, additional, Valkó, Orsolya, additional, and Wagner, Viktoria, additional

Published
2024
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23. Vegetative growth drives the negative effects of an invasive species on resident community diversity and is not limited by plant–soil feedbacks: A temporal assessment.

Author

Holden, Emily M., Salimbayeva, Karina, Brown, Charlotte, Stotz, Gisela C., and Cahill, James F.

Subjects
PLANT diversity, PLANT communities, NATIVE species, SPECIES diversity, MICROBIAL communities
Abstract

Many pathways of invasion have been posited, but ecologists lack an experimental framework to identify which mechanisms are dominant in a given invasion scenario. Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) are one such mechanism that tend to initially facilitate, but over time attenuate, invasive species' impacts on plant diversity and ecosystem function. PSFs are typically measured under greenhouse conditions and are often assumed to have significant effects under field conditions that change over time. However, direct tests of PSFs effects in natural settings and their change over time are rare. Here we compare the role of PSFs with the effects of biomass in limiting the dominance of an invasive species and impacts on resident species diversity. We characterized the effects of the invader Bromus inermis (Leyss.) on native plant communities over time and measured changes in its conspecific PSFs and vegetative growth to understand their integrated effects on community diversity. To do so, we combined data from a 6‐year field study documenting the rate and impacts of invasion with a short‐term greenhouse experiment quantifying PSF as a function of time since invasion in the field. We found that the nature and strength of B. inermis PSFs did not change over time and were not mediated by soil microbial communities. Though PSFs impacted B. inermis reproduction, they did not sufficiently limit vegetative growth to diminish the negative impacts of B. inermis biomass on native species. B. inermis experienced the full strength of its negative PSFs immediately upon invasion, but they were ineffective at reducing B. inermis vigor to facilitate the recovery of the native plant community. We recommend that conservation efforts focus on limiting B. inermis vegetative growth to facilitate community recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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