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Amaç: Dünyada yaklaşık 1 milyar insanın leishmaniasis riski altında olduğu ve leishmaniasis bildirimi yapan 200 ülke olduğu Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından bildirilmektedir. En sık görülen formu olan kutanöz leishmaniasis tedavisinde ülkemizde meglumin antimonat, sodyum stiboglukonat ve son yıllarda amfoterisin B ilaçları kullanılmaktadır. Kullanılan ilaçların toksik etkisinin yüksek ve maliyetli olması yanı sıra son yıllarda meglumin antimonat ve sodyum stiboglukonat ilaçlarına karşı direnç geliştiği bildirilmektedir. Leishmaniasis tedavisinde kullanılmak üzere yeni ilaç adaylarına gereksinim vardır. Çalışmamızda, Olea europaea bitkisinin yaprak ve meyve kısımlarının su, sulu etanol ve kloroform çözücülerinde hazırlanmış ekstrelerinin Leishmania tropica parazitine karşı duyarlılığının in vitro araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Parazit Bankası’nda MHOM/TR/2012/CBCL-LT kodu verilerek korunan Leishmania tropica izolatının Olea europaea bitkisinin ekstrelerine karşı in vitro olarak antileishmanial aktivitesi XTT ve hemositometre yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca bitki ekstrelerinin sitotoksik aktiviteleri incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Antileishmanial aktivitenin değerlendirilmesinde yaprak su ekstresinin IC50 değeri 6.77 mg/kg, yaprak sulu etanol ekstresinin IC50 değeri 2.45 mg/kg, yaprak kloroform ekstresinin IC50 değeri 6.50 mg/ kg, meyve sulu etanol ekstresinin IC50 değeri 4.16 mg/kg ve meyve kloroform ekstresinin IC50 değeri 0.23 mg/kg olarak belirlenmiş ve meyve su ekstresinin antileishmanial etkisinin istatiksel olarak anlamlı diğerlerinin ise anlamsız olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçların ilaçsız kontrol grubu ile istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılmasına göre meyve klorofm ekstresinin (p0.05). Olea europaea bitkisinin yaprak su ekstresi (LC50 58.45 µg/ml) dışındaki ekstreler sitotoksik aktivite göstermemiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışmamızın sonucunda, Olea europaea bitkisinin meyve kloroform ekstresinin antileishmanial aktivite göstermesi projenin amacı olan antileishmanial etken maddeler saptanması konusunda önemli ve ümit verici bir gelişme olarak değerlendirilmektedir, Objective: Meglumine antimonate, sodium stibogluconate and amfoterisin B are used in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis which is the most common form in Turkey. Beside being highly toxic and costly, Leishmania parasites also have been reported to have developed resistance against meglumine antimonate and sodium stibogluconate in recent years. in this study, we aimed to investigate the in vitro susceptibility of water, aqueous ethanol and chloroform extracts of the leaves and fruits of Olea europaea against Leishmania tropica parasites. Method: in vitro antileishmanial activities of Olea europaea plant extracts against Leishmania tropica isolates obtained from Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine with MHOM/TR/2012/CBCL-LT code, were investigated by using XTT and hemocytometer methods. Cytotoxic activities of plant extracts were also determined. Results: Evaluation of antileishmanial activity showed that water of the aqueous ethanol and chloroform extracts of the leaves, and aqueous ethanol and chloroform extracts of the fruits had IC50 values as 6.77 mg/kg, 2.45 mg/kg, 6.50 mg/kg, 4.16 mg/kg, 0.23 mg/kg respectively. the water extract of fruits did not show any antileishmanial activity. Based on statistical comparison of these results with the control group, it was observed that fruit extract (p0,05). Extracts other than leaf water extract (LC50 58.45 µg/ml) of Olea europaea showed no cytotoxic activity. Conclusion: As a result of this study chloroform extract of the fruits of Olea europaea ws found to have antileishmanial activity and this can be considered as an important and promising development in determination of antileishmanial active substances which was the main aim of this study

Aim. Lung adenocarcinoma is characterized by poor prognosis and short survival rates. Therefore, tools to identify the tumoural molecular structure and guide effective diagnosis and therapy decisions are essential. Surgical biopsies are highly invasive and not conducive for patient follow-up. To better understand disease prognosis, novel non-invasive analytic methods are needed. the aim of the present study is to identify the genetic mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, plasma, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples by next-generation sequencing and evaluate their utility in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Method. FFPE, plasma, and EBC samples were collected from 12 lung adenocarcinoma patients before treatment. DNA was extracted from the specimens using an Invitrogen PureLink Genomic DNA Kit according to the manufacturer's instructions. Amplicon-based sequencing was performed using Ion AmpliSeq Colon and Lung Cancer Research Panel v2. Results. Genetic alterations were detected in all FFPE, plasma, and EBC specimens. the mutations in PIK3CA, MET, PTEN, SMAD4, and FGFR2 genes were highly correlated in six patients. Somatic and novel mutations detected in tissue and EBC samples were highly correlated in one additional patient. the EGFR p.L858R and KRAS p.G12C driver mutations were found in both the FFPE tissue specimens and the corresponding EBC samples of the lung adenocarcinoma patients. Conclusion. the driver mutations were detected in EBC samples from lung adenocarcinoma patients. the analysis of EBC samples represents a promising non-invasive method to detect mutations in lung cancer and guide diagnosis and follow-up., Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK-1003-216S591, 216S435], The research project was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-1003-216S591 and 216S435).