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6. Towards the biocontrol of bindweeds with a mycoherbicide

Author

Défago, G., Ammon, H.U., Cagán, L., Draeger, B., Greaves, M.P., Guntli, D., Hoeke, D., Klimes, L., Lawrie, J., Moënne-Loccoz, Y., Nicolet, B., Pfirter, H.A., Tabacchi, R., Tóth, P., Défago, G., Ammon, H.U., Cagán, L., Draeger, B., Greaves, M.P., Guntli, D., Hoeke, D., Klimes, L., Lawrie, J., Moënne-Loccoz, Y., Nicolet, B., Pfirter, H.A., Tabacchi, R., and Tóth, P.

Abstract

Within the framework of the European COST Action 816, afive-year collaboration between scientists from five Europeancountries has made an important contribution to biologicalcontrol of field and hedge bindweeds (Convolvulus arvensis andCalystegia sepium, respectively). A fungus Stagonosporaconvolvuli strain LA39, able to infect both field and hedgebindweed, was found in the UK and its biocontrol efficacyimproved by optimising mass production, formulation and storagetechniques. This fungus controlled bindweeds in both a cemeteryand in maize crops. Its use fits best in an integrated pestmanagement system where a green cover controls most of the weedsexcept the bindweeds. DNA marker analyses indicate that thefungus reproduces sexually, which could be used to furtherimprove this mycoherbicide. In addition, the insect Melanagromyzaalbocilia, which itself exhibits biocontrol potential againstbindweeds, may be used in combination with LA39 to improve theability of the fungus to penetrate the stem of bindweeds.Overall, the results suggest that S. convolvuli LA39 haspromising potential as a bioherbicide for control of field andhedge bindweed

Published
2018

7. Towards the biocontrol of bindweeds with a mycoherbicide

Author

Défago, G., Ammon, H. U., Cagán, L., Draeger, B., Greaves, M. P., Guntli, D., Hoeke, D., Klimes, L., Lawrie, J., Moënne-Loccoz, Y., Nicolet, B., Pfirter, H. A., Tabacchi, Raphael, Tóth, P., Défago, G., Ammon, H. U., Cagán, L., Draeger, B., Greaves, M. P., Guntli, D., Hoeke, D., Klimes, L., Lawrie, J., Moënne-Loccoz, Y., Nicolet, B., Pfirter, H. A., Tabacchi, Raphael, and Tóth, P.

Abstract

Within the framework of the European COST Action 816, afive-year collaboration between scientists from five Europeancountries has made an important contribution to biologicalcontrol of field and hedge bindweeds (Convolvulus arvensis and Calystegia sepium, respectively). A fungus Stagonosporaconvolvuli strain LA39, able to infect both field and hedgebindweed, was found in the UK and its biocontrol efficacyimproved by optimising mass production, formulation and storagetechniques. This fungus controlled bindweeds in both a cemeteryand in maize crops. Its use fits best in an integrated pestmanagement system where a green cover controls most of the weedsexcept the bindweeds. DNA marker analyses indicate that thefungus reproduces sexually, which could be used to furtherimprove this mycoherbicide. In addition, the insect Melanagromyzaalbocilia, which itself exhibits biocontrol potential againstbindweeds, may be used in combination with LA39 to improve theability of the fungus to penetrate the stem of bindweeds.Overall, the results suggest that S. convolvuli LA39 haspromising potential as a bioherbicide for control of field andhedge bindweed.

Published
2010

10. Natural parasitism of the European corn borer eggs Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. (Lep., Pyralidae) by Trichogramma in Slovakia -- need for field releases of the natural enemy.

Author

Cagán, L., Tancik, J., and Hassan, S.

Subjects
*EUROPEAN corn borer, *PARASITISM, *TRICHOGRAMMA
Abstract

Examines the natural parasitism of the European corn borer by Trichogramma in 1993 to 1996 in south-western Slovakia. Average percentage of egg parasitism Recommendation of release of mass reared Trichogramma to insure predictable biological control of the pest; Identification of egg parasitoid species.

Published
1998

11. Natural Control of Diuraphis noxiaand Rhopalosiphum maidis(Aphidoidea) by Parasitic Entomophthorales (Zygomycota) in Slovakia

Author

Barta, M. and Cagán, L.

Abstract

Seasonal development of entomophthoralean unfection in colonies of Diuraphis noxiaand Rhopalosiphum maidiswas evalauted on summer barley under conditions of south-western Slovakia in 2001 and 2002. D. noxiawas infesting summer barley during both years, while R. maidiswas only recorded in 2002. Further three cereal aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi, Metopolophium dirhodumand Sitobion avenae, were also observed on summer barley. Complex of entomophthoralean fungi identified in cereal aphid colonies included four species, Pandora neoaphidis, Entomophthora planchoniana, Conidiobolus obscurusand Neozygites fresenii, with P. neoaphidisas the most prevalent fungus during both years. Two parasitic fungi, P. neoaphidisand E. planchoniana, were identified from D. noxia, but P. neoaphidiswas predominant. Infection rate in D. noxiacolonies was low, not exceeding 15% and 10% in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Only nine R. maidisindividuals were killed with entomophthoralean fungi. The fungi were identified as P. neoaphidisand C. obscurus. No epizootics were observed in the aphid colonies. The fungi could not control development of the aphid populations since they did not appear until high host densities had been established in the crops.

Published
2007
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12. Towards the biocontrol of bindweeds with a mycoherbicide

Author

Défago, G., Ammon, H. U., Cagán, L., Draeger, B., Greaves, M. P., Guntli, D., Hoeke, D., Klimes, L., Lawrie, J., Moënne-Loccoz, Y., Nicolet, B., Pfirter, H. A., Tabacchi, Raphael, Tóth, P., Défago, G., Ammon, H. U., Cagán, L., Draeger, B., Greaves, M. P., Guntli, D., Hoeke, D., Klimes, L., Lawrie, J., Moënne-Loccoz, Y., Nicolet, B., Pfirter, H. A., Tabacchi, Raphael, and Tóth, P.

Abstract

Within the framework of the European COST Action 816, afive-year collaboration between scientists from five Europeancountries has made an important contribution to biologicalcontrol of field and hedge bindweeds (Convolvulus arvensis and Calystegia sepium, respectively). A fungus Stagonosporaconvolvuli strain LA39, able to infect both field and hedgebindweed, was found in the UK and its biocontrol efficacyimproved by optimising mass production, formulation and storagetechniques. This fungus controlled bindweeds in both a cemeteryand in maize crops. Its use fits best in an integrated pestmanagement system where a green cover controls most of the weedsexcept the bindweeds. DNA marker analyses indicate that thefungus reproduces sexually, which could be used to furtherimprove this mycoherbicide. In addition, the insect Melanagromyzaalbocilia, which itself exhibits biocontrol potential againstbindweeds, may be used in combination with LA39 to improve theability of the fungus to penetrate the stem of bindweeds.Overall, the results suggest that S. convolvuli LA39 haspromising potential as a bioherbicide for control of field andhedge bindweed.

13. Towards the biocontrol of bindweeds with a mycoherbicide

Author

Défago, G., Ammon, H.U., Cagán, L., Draeger, B., Greaves, M.P., Guntli, D., Hoeke, D., Klimes, L., Lawrie, J., Moënne-Loccoz, Y., Nicolet, B., Pfirter, H.A., Tabacchi, R., Tóth, P., Défago, G., Ammon, H.U., Cagán, L., Draeger, B., Greaves, M.P., Guntli, D., Hoeke, D., Klimes, L., Lawrie, J., Moënne-Loccoz, Y., Nicolet, B., Pfirter, H.A., Tabacchi, R., and Tóth, P.

Abstract

Within the framework of the European COST Action 816, afive-year collaboration between scientists from five Europeancountries has made an important contribution to biologicalcontrol of field and hedge bindweeds (Convolvulus arvensis andCalystegia sepium, respectively). A fungus Stagonosporaconvolvuli strain LA39, able to infect both field and hedgebindweed, was found in the UK and its biocontrol efficacyimproved by optimising mass production, formulation and storagetechniques. This fungus controlled bindweeds in both a cemeteryand in maize crops. Its use fits best in an integrated pestmanagement system where a green cover controls most of the weedsexcept the bindweeds. DNA marker analyses indicate that thefungus reproduces sexually, which could be used to furtherimprove this mycoherbicide. In addition, the insect Melanagromyzaalbocilia, which itself exhibits biocontrol potential againstbindweeds, may be used in combination with LA39 to improve theability of the fungus to penetrate the stem of bindweeds.Overall, the results suggest that S. convolvuli LA39 haspromising potential as a bioherbicide for control of field andhedge bindweed

14. Evaluating resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ab by F2 screen in European populations of Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

Author

Engels H, Bourguet D, Cagán L, Manachini B, Schuphan I, Stodola TJ, Micoud A, Brazier C, Mottet C, and Andow DA

Subjects
Animals, Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins, Costs and Cost Analysis, Drug Resistance, Europe, Female, France, Germany, Lepidoptera classification, Lepidoptera genetics, Lepidoptera physiology, Male, Pest Control, Biological economics, Reproduction drug effects, Zea mays parasitology, Bacterial Proteins toxicity, Endotoxins toxicity, Hemolysin Proteins toxicity, Lepidoptera drug effects, Pest Control, Biological methods
Abstract

The large-scale cultivation of transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins have already lead to the evolution of Bt resistance in some pest populations targeted by these crops. We used the F2 screening method for further estimating the frequency of resistance alleles of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), to Bt maize, Zea mays L., producing the Cry1Ab toxin. In France, Germany, and Italy, 784, 455, and 80 lines of European corn borer were screened for resistance to Mon810 maize, respectively. In Slovakia, 26 lines were screened for resistance to the Cry1Ab toxin. The cost of F2 screen performed in the four countries varied from U.S. dollars 300 to dollars 1300 per line screened. The major difference in cost was mostly due to a severe loss of univoltine lines during the screen in Germany and Slovakia. In none of the screened lines did we detect alleles conferring resistance to Mon810 maize or to the Cry1Ab toxin. The frequency of resistance alleles were < 1.0 x 10(-3), < 1.6 x 10(-3), < 9.2 x 10(-3), and < 2.6 x 10(-2) in France, Germany, Italy, and Slovakia, with 95% probability, respectively. The average detection probability over all lines was approximately 90%. Making the assumption that European corn borer populations in these countries belong to the same genetic entity, the frequency of alleles conferring resistance to the Cry1Ab produced by the Mon810 maize in western and central Europe was 1.0 x 10(-4), with a 95% confidence interval of 0-3.0 x 10(-4).

Published
2010
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