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The restoration and adaptative re-use of modern interiors require awareness of the particular role that has the interior space and, in it, the relationship between space and furnishings in the idea of modern architecture. This has meant the interior design not only as a defining element of detail or furniture, but as a place of primary genesis of the architecture, the design of which starts from the inside to define volumes, prospects and relations with neighboring areas. Programmatically modern architecture has placed the recognition and analysis of the needs, not only primary, but also cultural and existential at the base of the design action. Compared to the traditional idea of interior space through "areas", understood as spatial units defined by fixed margins, albeit interconnected in different ways, the architecture is divided into modernity by "fields", or chunks of space, which coagulate around actions or movements, or around the desire to build a relationship between the people, and therefore defined by the equipment of furniture, margins even virtual or labile, around which are gathering fixed margins of construction, acquiring and managing the way relationship between inside and outside. The void becomes the raison d'être of the full. The problem of interior space is therefore a key to understanding the meaning of modern architecture. Le Corbusier's work around the concept of space of the house, for example, could not regardless of the research on the role of furniture: the projects of the twenties may not be fully understood unless also investigating his work on furniture, through the projects presented in 1925 and in 1928; it is clearly the desire to entrust to the furnishings and their relationship a generative role in the architectural space and to make them able to live in the middle of the empty space. Awareness of the role of the relationship between furniture and interior spaces in the construction of the sense of modern architecture is essential to define strategies useful for its reuse. Issues relating to style are very important, however, is especially this relationship a crucial point at which you need to compare any conservation work or adaptation to new behaviors to make legible the original sense of the project. Some examples of architectures not transformed into museums but still inhabited, allows to analyze where and in what resides greater the sense of those works, and consequently the impact of their reuse.

Urban regeneration is a "driver" for the economic development. It can make a significant contribution to the growth, such as a countercyclical policy. It also constitutes an action that can lead to those structural and context changes that are in line with the long-term goal pursued by the European and National planning. Urban regeneration requires a legislation and a regulation framework - this framework can ultimately enrol the discipline of urban planning in a strict sense - by public administration, as a precondition for the direct involvement of private capital and social forces. Therefore urban regeneration is also a "driver" for the renewal of the public system of land government and management and the promotion of a "smart" city model that combines technological innovation ("ICT", "smart grids") and social innovation. To achieve a "smart" city, ultimately, there is a need for a "smart administration" ("open data", participatory processes, urban private-public co-management, etc.). In this framework, the Region of Puglia is an interesting laboratory for innovation. According to the new regional legislation, a number of actions have been initiated as far as urban regeneration is concerned. Urban regeneration in Puglia represents one of the most interesting experiences in the context of national urban policies and in the context of cultural and institutional renewal for the Southern Regions of Italy.

Urban regeneration, specified in the Declaration of Toledo in 2010 as themain line of action to achieve a smarter, more sustainable and inclusive urbandevelopment, takes on a special role in the context of the great cities ofSouthern Italy, still characterized by a large gap compared to the cities of theCentre-North, and in the context of the economic crisis that has deeply affectedItaly and other Mediterranean countries. The interventions of integrated urbanregeneration, besides acting as an effective driver for economic developmentand employment, represent also a field of experimentation and an opportunityfor renewal of the institutional, social and productive system. Difficult contextconditions and the Mediterranean characterization of Southern cities require toformulate specific methods of intervention and not uncritically borrowed fromnorth-European models.More inclusive and participatory models of urban intervention can be drawnfrom these specific features, able to exploit the complex and layered character ofMediterranean cities. An action plan for urban regeneration, besides playing a vitalcountercyclical role, represents a strategic medium-term orientation, in orderto improve context conditions of the cities, to revive key sectors of the urbanand national economy, activating labour-intensive economic sectors, to encouragethe creation of green economy companies for a smart, sustainable and inclusiveurban management, to focus the variety of European and national funds on strategicprojects.Italy, as a country heavily characterised by urban areas and culturally andsocially stratified cities, can make urban regeneration a field of experimentationand an indicator of renewal of its economic and institutional system.Successful experiences in the Italian cities can also project national companiesinvolved in the sector of urban regeneration - if adequately supported bypublic institutions and targeted international relations - towards urban redevelopmentinterventions aimed at a broader, not only Mediterranean, geographicalcontext.

L’attuale riscoperta dei valori dell’artigianato, anzi della “perizia artigianale”, come il sociologo statunitense Richard Sennett ha efficacemente sancito alcuni anni fa con il libro The craftsman, senza nostalgie o retoriche retrò, ha un’origine lontana, almeno in Italia. Se è vero che l’amore per il “fatto a mano” ha sempre convissuto nella pieghe della civiltà delle macchine, come un lusso ed una raffinatezza riservata ai pochi eletti della borghesia ricca, il Radical – anzi, una parte territorialmente definita di questo fenomeno - ha invertito la tendenza nella cultura italiana. Come un fiume carsico che fluisce sotterraneo nella cultura del progetto, da Gio Ponti in poi, almeno per limitarci al ‘900, una nuova dignità dell’Artigianato, a partire dagli anni ‘70, questa volta provocatoria, irriverente, nutrita dai ribellismi sessantottisti e ostentata dagli sperimentalismi dell’Antidesign e dei laboratori didattici della Global Tools, prende sempre più corpo. E questo non poteva non avvenire che nel territorio povero d’industrie, nel Sud dell’Italia, a Napoli e in Campania, con Riccardo Dalisi, figura paradigmatica del progetto italiano antispecialistico e sinestetico verso le arti. Dalisi, per inventare un design tagliato su misura del suo antiprofessionismo ideologico, ma dolcemente eretico, e utilizzando – si direbbe oggi - la forza mediatica del Radical e dei suoi testimonial come Branzi, Sottsass e soprattutto Mendini, con Casabella e Domus, non può non affidare, al suo esercito di bambini e vecchi del sottoproletariato urbano, il ruolo di detonatore, e all’artigianato (senza artigiani o con artigiani sottooccupati) il ruolo di ordigno lasciato esplodere nel Good Design e il cui potenziale, oggi, rilascia ancora un’energia vitale e costruttiva intercettata dagli studiosi al tempo della crisi. La straordinaria contraddizione – una delle tante vissute nella cultura partenopea e da questa provocate - è che l’artigianato è stato risvegliato anche da forze completamente opposte a Dalisi e al Radical. L’opera silenziosa, contemplativa e rigorosa di un altro napoletano schivo come Filippo Alison, che lo ha portato alla collezione “I Maestri” per Cassina, è stata costruita seguendo un tracciato diverso, concepito all’interno di quella cultura europea, a cui si riferisce, che prende spunto dal movimento Arts and Crafts e dalle esperienze del Deutscher Werkbund e della Wiener Werkstätte. Alison, successivamente alla collaborazione intrapresa con Cassina nel 1972 - proprio negli anni in cui Dalisi si schierava per la cultura Radical - rafforza la sua posizione teorica, concependo con Renato De Fusco l’Artidesign, il genere “terzo” tra Artigianato e Design. Ciò che unisce Dalisi e Alison, contrapposti nel metodo di lavoro e nelle posizioni ideologiche, è il coinvolgimento dell’Università, riuscendo a travasare le proprie ricerche e sperimentazioni extra accademiche nell’insegnamento e, ovviamente, l’aver saputo offrire un’altra chance all’artigianato. Ed è singolare che una sintesi concreta del lavoro dei due nasca al Sud, con la realizzazione a Pompei del Museo Temporaneo delle Imprese del prodotto di eccellenza Campano.

Following 1861's unification and the industrialisation process characterizingthe second half of the 20th century, Italy has experienced a long-run process ofurbanization affecting both population and economic system. Such a process hashad a different evolution in the North and in the South of Italy, not only in thelong run, but also in the first decade of the 21st century - when many Southern cities have lost their attraction towards population and businesses. Furthermore,current economic crisis and the failure of national and local public budget havelead to a dramatic decrease in expenses for investments and a weakening of urbanwelfare, which has to cope with tough challenges, such as population ageingand the shortage of services combining family and job, that contributes toworsen women's exclusion from working-age population.The infrastructural gap affecting Southern cities is progressively accompaniedby the risk of a significant decrease in the quality of living and working environment,particularly in big urban areas, such as Naples, which results also in adrain of the most skilled young people.Within such a framework, it is necessary to relaunch a national policy forcities, developing its strategies according to the specific critical points and opportunitiescharacterizing Southern Italy's urban areas.For this reason, it is necessary a National Action Plan which, taking intoconsideration the relaunch of cities' leading role, provides for a variety of measures- the completion of institutional reforms for local and metropolitan areas'autonomies; the recovery of infrastructural investments; the implementation ofintegrated policies for urban renewal within European planning strategies 2014-2020 and their coordination with tax relief incentive measures aimed at fosteringemployment; the conversion into new welfare models providing for a public offerrequalification as well as an effective implementation of the new principlesof subsidiarity and integration between public and private; close programme attention,at national level, for Naples, which is increasingly at risk of a completesocial and economic collapse.

Italy's Mezzogiorno is one of the most geologically dangerous and fragile areas of the Mediterranean basin. Its main mountain range, the Apennines, reaching from the Strait of Messina as far as the area of Tuscany and Liguria, is characterized by high seismic risk, proved by recent earthquakes in Irpinia (1980), Umbria (1997) and Abruzzo (2009). In the Apennines as a whole in addition to peoples, also several villages and 780,000 historical buildings constructed before 1945 are exposed to high seismic risk. They are a valuable heritage which hand down an important side of Italian landscape identity, at the top of European visitors' preferential reasons, and a cornerstone of Italy's tourist development. Historical settlement heritage carries out also the role of identity main point for the anthropic protection of mountain areas. Therefore, some recent governmental provisions seem objectionable, since they would privilege choices linked to economic situation and to emergence arisen after earthquakes, as regards housing and town-planning policies, thus at the risk of favouring, along with the standing of new towns, the abandonment of ancient villages and lasting negligence for historical houses in the Apennines. The lack of a general strategy for facing Southern mountains protection and building renewal, as well as bringing ancient settlements into compliance with safety requirements, add to the slow accommodation of Italian aseismic rules, regularly characterized by the institution of deferment.

Great cities and european capitals are the unique cases where customs and national politics prevail; the European model deals almost with middle-sized, dynamic and strongly interconnected city networks. This point of view was formalized in adopting the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) during the Potsdam Council in May, 1999. Southern town condition is far-reaching from the strongly interconnected towns network European model. In fact, Southern territorial systems are defined by a lacking mutual interconnection, low mobility among different towns. In spite of a faint middle towns network there is a trend loss of urban government control in big metropolitan areas. Environmental question is worsening: illegal economic growth, service inadequacy for people and enterprises and decreasing woman participation to work are some of the aspects of the big Southern conurbation crisis. This is paradigmatically represented by the most populous Italian metropolitan area, that is Naples. Metropolitan government problem feedback follows an emergency logic: the superintendent practice highlights our institutional "governance" system inefficiency. Development based general politicies and good conditions do not appear in the South metropolitan big areas. Those conditions can possibly retreat: in economic functioning, in social unease expansion, in illegal activities spreading, in environmental emergency increasing.

Background: Influence of growth hormone on energy expenditure and physical performance is clearly known. Objective and hypotheses: The aim of our study is to evaluate the energy expenditure (EE) during physical (PA) and sedentary activities (SA), in a group of children/adolescents affected by growth hormone deficiency (GHD) compared to healthy subjects, using an objective measure as SenseWear Armband (SWA-BodyMedia). Patients, methods and results: These preliminary data included 13 untreated, consecutive GHD children and adolescents (6 males) (GH peak 3 Mets) (1.5 ±0.8 vs 2.3±1 h/d), especially moderate (3-6 Mets)(1.4±0.8 vs 2.2±0.9 h/d; 5.8±3.1 vs 9.2±3.9% of daily hours) compared with healthy subjects. A tendency to spend more time in sedentary activities was found in GHD group (16±4 vs 14±3 h/d), although not statistically significant. In multivariate regression IGF1 and BMISD resulted positive predictors of EE/daily (cal/daily) in GHD children. Conclusions: In conclusion our preliminary results seem to confirm that children affected by growth hormone deficiency showed lower energy expenditure as calories/daily and spent less time in physical activities compared to normal children. This result seems correlate to IGF1 values indicating a possible role of GH in physical performance. Further evaluations on greater number of patients, before and after GH therapy, are ongoing to confirm our findings.

We have combined environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and immunogold labelling (IGL) for the analysis of cell morphology and surface protein detection on human fine needle aspiration, which is processed in thin uniform monolayer (a single layer of cells) on a glass slide by Thin Prep technology. Among scanning electron microscopy techniques, we choose the environmental modality (ESEM) because it allows a slight manipulation of biological samples and an operational time comparable with cytological techniques. Moreover, the Thin Prep technology confirmed a reproducible cell monolayer on glass smear, minimizing problems for the determination of appropriate amount of material per slide. The first experimental data in ESEM-IGL on biological samples with fine needle aspiration Thin Prep, in human thyroid nodules, showed that cells retained their morphology and provided a clear IGL. The optimization of conditions (i.e. vacuum pressure, temperature and relative humidity) confirmed the possibility to observe an immunolabelled biological sample and morphological signal, joined with compositional informations, due to peculiar characteristics of gaseous secondary electron detector in ESEM. The ESEM-IGL and fine needle aspiration Thin Prep could be used in combination for the interpretation of cell morphology and cell surface immunolabelling. Our paper suggests this use as a powerful diagnostic tool in a pre-surgical evaluations, opening a new applicative window for electron microscopy.