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9. Precision feeding and precision nutrition: a paradigm shift in broiler feed formulation?

Author

Moss, Amy F, Chrystal, Peter V, Cadogan, David J, Wilkinson, Stuart J, Crowley, Tamsyn M, Choct, Mingan, Moss, Amy F, Chrystal, Peter V, Cadogan, David J, Wilkinson, Stuart J, Crowley, Tamsyn M, and Choct, Mingan

Abstract

Broiler chickens grow rapidly, and their nutrient requirements change daily. However, broilers are fed three to five diet phases, meaning nutrients are under or oversupplied throughout production. Increasing diet phases improves production efficiency as there is less time in the production cycle that nutrients are in under or over-supply. Nevertheless, the process of administering four or more diets is costly and often impractical. New technologies are now available to blend feed to match the daily nutrient requirements of broilers. Thus, the aim of this review is to evaluate previous studies measuring the impact of increasing feed phases on nutrient utilisation and growth performance, and review recent studies taking this concept to the extreme; precision nutrition - feeding a new diet for each day of the production cycle. This review will also discuss how modern precision feeding technologies have been utilised and the potential that new technologies may bring to the poultry industry. The development of a precision nutrition regime which targets daily requirements by blending dietary components on farm is anticipated to improve the efficiency of production, reduce production cost and therefore improve sustainability of the industry. There is also potential for precision feeding technology along with precision nutrition strategies to deliver a plethora of other management and economic benefits. These include increased fluidity to cope with sudden environmental or market changes, and the ability to alter diets on a farm by farm level in a large, integrated operation. Thus, the future possibilities and practical implications for such technologies to generate a paradigm shift in feed formulation within the poultry industry to meet the rising demand for animal protein is also discussed.

Published
2021

14. Plasticizers

Author

Walters, Perry, primary, Cadogan, David F., additional, and Howick, Christopher J., additional

Published
2020
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16. Dietary inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiaemetabolite improved reproductive performance but did not affect intestinal permeability in two chicken meat breeder lines

Author

Forder, Rebecca EA, Willson, Nicky-Lee, Angove, Joshua A, McWhorter, Todd J, McQueen, Matthew A, and Cadogan, David J

Abstract

Gastrointestinal dysbiosis is a disturbance in mucosal homeostasis, producing low-grade chronic intestinal inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier function. It is induced by several factors, including nutrition and stress, which are both significant factors when considering current broiler breeder practices. A great grandparent (GGP) chicken meat line was identified displaying clinical signs characteristic of potential dysbiosis, including wet droppings and litter, in addition to reduced reproductive performance when compared to a consistently high performing line. This study aimed to determine whether the reduced reproductive performance observed in these hens was a result of dysbiosis and whether dietary supplementation with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae(SC) fermentation product would alleviate clinical signs. Dietary inclusion of SC did not influence intestinal permeability, WBC differentials, or corticosterone concentration in either the wet litter (WL) or high-performing (HP) breeder lines. Compared to hens from the HP line, WL line hens had a significant increase in intestinal permeability at 26 wk (onset of lay). WL hen heterophil counts were increased markedly at week 26 before declining. At weeks 26, 32, and 37 there were also significant increases in monocytes. Higher plasma corticosterone was also observed in WL hens at 37 wk. No significant differences in heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratios or feather corticosterone were observed between lines. Dietary inclusion of SC supplementation to breeder diets had some benefit in regards to reducing hen mortality, improving egg production and hatchability but only in the WL line. Results from this study did not indicate that hens from the wet litter line were experiencing gut dysbiosis. Chronic intestinal inflammation may be a possible reason for the increase in intestinal permeability. These results do indicate that both breeder lines may be exhibiting physiological stress. Future investigation into the physiology and behavior around point of lay is required to find novel strategies to alleviate this stress and in turn, potentially improve welfare and production outcomes.

Published
2024
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17. Effects of Manufacturing and Deployment on Thin Films for the NGTS Sunshade

Author

Wooldridge, Eve M, Powers, Charles E, Townsend, Jacqueline A, Peters, Wanda C, Cadogan, David P, Lin, John K. H, and Paquin, Krista C

Subjects
Nonmetallic Materials
Abstract

The Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) is being developed as an advanced astronomical observatory. The NGST proposes to utilize several thin film membrane layers to create a shield for protection of the telescope from solar thermal energy and stray light, The shield will take the form of a polygon, approximately 15 x 30 m, with individual membrane layers positioned so that they do not come in contact with one another. The membrane shield will be deployed and supported by a series of booms, which will be packed into a small volume for launch. Finally, the shield will be deployed on orbit. Several film materials are being considered for the membrane shield, including CPI, Kapton E, Kapton RN, and Upilex. Each of these polyimide materials was tested to determine their durability over the 10-year mission. New facets of materials testing have been introduced in this study to develop performance data with greater realism to actual use, particularly that of degradation from packing, launch and deployment processing. Materials were exposed to handling that simulated the life of the materials from manufacture through deployment with standardized fixtures and then exposed to a simulated, L2, 10-year radiation environment. Mechanical and thermal radiative properties were measured before and after each phase of testing. This paper summarizes the program and test results.

Published
2001

21. Spacesuit glove manufacturing enhancements through the use of advanced technologies

Author

Cadogan, David, Bradley, David, and Kosmo, Joseph

Subjects
Engineering (General)
Abstract

The sucess of astronauts performing extravehicular activity (EVA) on orbit is highly dependent upon the performance of their spacesuit gloves.A study has recently been conducted to advance the development and manufacture of spacesuit gloves. The process replaces the manual techniques of spacesuit glove manufacture by utilizing emerging technologies such as laser scanning, Computer Aided Design (CAD), computer generated two-dimensional patterns from three-dimensionl surfaces, rapid prototyping technology, and laser cutting of materials, to manufacture the new gloves. Results of the program indicate that the baseline process will not increase the cost of the gloves as compared to the existing styles, and in production, may reduce the cost of the gloves. perhaps the most important outcome of the Laserscan process is that greater accuracy and design control can be realized. Greater accuracy was achieved in the baseline anthropometric measurement and CAD data measurement which subsequently improved the design feature. This effectively enhances glove performance through better fit and comfort.

Published
1993

22. Enhanced softgoods structures for spacesuit micrometeoroid/debris protective systems

Author

Remington, Brian, Cadogan, David, and Kosmo, Joseph

Subjects
Man/System Technology And Life Support
Abstract

A lightweight, flexible thermal micrometeoroid garment (TMG) design for enhanced space suit micrometeoroid/debris (M/D) protection is described. It will consist of an outer layer comprised of orthofabric, multilayers of aluminized Mylar, and a layer of silicone rubber loaded with micron sized particles of tungsten. The shield layers would fragment and/or vaporize the M/D projectile while the backup sheet would stop the resultant debris cloud.

Published
1992

25. Comparative performance of broiler chickens offered nutritionally equivalent diets based on six diverse, ‘tannin-free’ sorghum varieties with quantified concentrations of phenolic compounds, kafirin, and phytate

Author

Truong, Ha H., primary, Neilson, Karlie A., additional, McInerney, Bernard V., additional, Khoddami, Ali, additional, Roberts, Thomas H., additional, Cadogan, David J., additional, Liu, Sonia Yun, additional, and Selle, Peter H., additional

Published
2017
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28. Language debates

Author

VanderSpek, Henry, Cadogan, David, and Tugwell, S.T.

Abstract

I could not agree more with Francis Chalifour's essay "The Road to Tolerance" (July 1). As someone with a moderate ability in French, I feel very proud about Canada's distinct [...]

Published
2004

31. Shaft capacity of Continuous Flight Auger piles in sand

Author

Gavin, Kenneth, Cadogan, David, and Casey, Patrick

Subjects
Non-displacement piles, Sand--Testing, Shafts (Excavations)--Testing, Field experiments, Piling (Civil engineering)
Abstract

This paper presents the results of a series of field experiments performed to study the development of shaft resistance on Continuous Flight Auger piles installed in sand. The test piles were instrumented in order to separate the shaft and base resistance, and to allow the determination of the distribution of shaft resistance along the pile shaft. The tests highlighted the importance of accurate calculation of the shaft resistance for non-displacement piles. At a typical maximum allowable pile head settlement of 25 mm, more than 71 % of the pile resistance was provided by shaft friction. Conventional methods of estimating shaft resistance were assessed. It was found that methods which incorporated parameters directly interpreted from in-situ test results provided the most consistent estimates. In the final section, differences between the shaft resistances mobilised on displacement and non-displacement piles are considered. Other funder HMC piling Arup Consulting Engineers ti ab vo is st en ke SB. 26/8/10

Published
2009

49. Light Curing Rigidizable Inflatable Wing

Author

Allred, Ronald, primary, Hoyt, Andrea, additional, Harrah, Larry, additional, McElroy, Paul, additional, Scarborough, Stephen, additional, Cadogan, David, additional, and Pahle, Joseph, additional

Published
2004
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