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Heavy metal ions, in particular cadmium (Cd), have a negative impact on the growth and productivity of major crops, including wheat. The use of environmentally friendly approaches, in particular, bacteria that have a growth-stimulating and protective effect, can increase the resistance of plants. The effects of the pre-sowing seed treatment with the plant growth-promoting endophyte Bacillus subtilis 10-4 (BS) on cadmium acetate (Cd)-stressed Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) growth, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress parameters, roots’ lignin content, and Cd ions accumulation in plants were analyzed. The results showed that the tested Cd-tolerant BS improved the ability of wheat seeds to germinate in the presence of different Cd concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM). In addition, the bacterial treatment significantly decreased the damaging effects of Cd stress (1 mM) on seedlings’ linear dimensions (lengths of roots and shoots), biomass, as well as on the integrity and permeability of the cell walls (i.e., lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage) and resulted in reduced H2O2 generation. The pretreatment with BS prevented the Cd-induced degradation of the leaf photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, and carotenoids. Moreover, the bacterial treatment intensified the lignin deposition in the roots under normal and, especially, Cd stress conditions, thereby enhancing the barrier properties of the cell wall. This manifested in a reduced Cd ions accumulation in the roots and in the restriction of its translocation to the aboveground parts (shoots) of the bacterized plants under Cd stress in comparison with non-bacterized controls. Thus, the pre-sowing seed treatment with the endophyte BS may serve as an eco-friendly approach to improve wheat production in Cd-contaminated areas.

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) were synthesized by using cadmium acetate and thiourea as precursors and sodium oleate as the surfactant under different cadmium acetate concentrations in anhydrous ethanol. Cadmium (Cd) precursor concentration greatly affected the nucleation-growth of CdS NPs. In extremely dilute solution with a Cd precursor concentration of 0.1 mmol · L−1, an overlapped nucleation and growth corresponding to two pronounced absorption peaks at 310 nm and 350 nm, respectively, was observed. Unparalleled nucleation was dominant within very long reaction time until 10 hours. The nuclei and the resulting magic-sized CdS NPs may be used as seeds to prepare size and shape controllable nanoparticles. On the contrary, at a high Cd precursor concentration (5 mmol · L−1), nucleation and growth were separated. Only one first exciton absorption peak standing for the growth of regular CdS NPs appeared at 440 nm. Many techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometers were applied to characterize the morphology, crystalline structure, and optical properties of CdS NPs.

Cd1-xZnxS thin films were deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique, which is simple and cost effective, in a chemical bath containing appropriate amount of cadmium acetate, zinc acetate, and thiourea as precursors, in a clean glass substrate. The deposition was carried out by varying the bath temperatures (70 °C, 75 °C, 80 °C, and 85 °C) of the precursor solution. The XRD results indicate the existence of hexagonal structures of Cd1-xZnxS with an average crystallite size of ∼ 27–41 nm. EDX studies confirm the presence of Cd, Zn, and S in the films. HRTEM and SAED patterns show the crystalline nature of the films with the coexistence of the hexagonal phase. The optical constants viz; optical band gap, Urbach energy, static refractive index, and optical conductivity were studied by using UV- Vis transmission spectra as a function of CBD temperature. It was observed that with the increase of bath temperature in the above range, there were concomitant decreases in optical band gap from ∼3.3 to 2.8 eV. The Urbach energy, optical conductivity, and static refractive index of the films increase with the increase in bath deposition temperature. FTIR studies confirm the formation of ternary Cd1-xZnxS thin films.

Herein, we describe the growth and characterization of new crystal lead-doped l-threonine cadmium acetate (LTCA). The supramolecular coordination compounds are crystallized by slow evaporation technique at ambient temperature. The X-ray diffraction techniques confirm monoclinic crystal system. The presence of lead and the LTCA lattices were identified using EDAX analysis. l-Threonine amino acids have unique properties like zwitterionic nature and molecular chirality, which improve the optical properties of the lead-doped crystal. The linear optical parameters such as optical band gap and refractive indexes are estimated at lower cutoff wavelength from UV–Vis analysis. The variation of dielectric constant, dielectric loss with frequency is studied using LCR meter. Due to the electropositive character of lead the static permittivity increases. Magnetic behavior changes to paramagnetic nature due to the inclusion of lead. TG/DTA analysis suggests that the crystal is thermally stable up to 135.32 °C. Using Nd-YAG laser, the NLO property was studied and the lead-doped LTCA crystal shows higher SHG efficiency than the LTCA crystal.

The slow evaporation technique was adopted for the growth of L-tyrosine doped Thiourea (Bis) Cadmium Acetate (CTA) single crystal. The doped crystals were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction,...

Samples of non-stoichiometric nano-CdS1−x were synthesized by a simple thermolysis method by lowering the ratio of thiourea relative to cadmium acetate as starting precursors: Cd(Ac):(1 − x) thiourea (x = 0.0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1). X’pert HighScore Plus program manifested biphasic CdS (cubic and hexagonal), and the Rietveld analysis was utilized to match the structural and microstructure parameters of the formed samples. The possibility of formed CdS1−xOx alloy due to the sulfur deficiency is also examined using the Rietveld method. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope imaging exhibited nanosize particles with homogeneous morphology. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was utilized to confirm the existence of O2 in CdS1−x matrix. The band-gap energies for CdS1−x are reduced below the values of energy gaps of CdS and CdO upon increasing the parameter (x) forming a band-gap “bowing.” The photoluminescence (PL) emitted visible colors depending on the amount of sulfur deficiency and excitation wavelength used. The maximum PL intensity observed in CdS0.9 sample confirmed the presents of oxygen inside the matrix. The influence of oxygen substitution or vacancies of sulfur on the electronic structure and optical features of CdS was also investigated applying density function calculations.

The focus of the ongoing research is to study constancy of chemical bath deposition (CBD) of CdTe thin films. CdTe films has been deposited using tellurium dioxide and cadmium acetate in non-aqueous medium at 160 °C. The consequence of annealing upon optical, structural in addition to surface effects of cadmium telluride thin films developed by CBD is examined. Thin films of CdTe were identified by x-ray diffraction methodology (XRD), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FTIR), uv–visible spectrometer, scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) and photoluminescence. The EDS spectroscopy shows the ratio comes 1.27 which improves in annealed case and ratio comes 1.06 which is more close to unity. The average crystalline size is measured to be 25 nm. The photoluminescence peak is observed at 566 nm and 615 nm.

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is a binary II-VI direct band gap semiconducting material. Cadmium telluride is a promising electrochemical and photovoltaic material for thin film solar cells. It shows both p and n type conductivity. A nanocrystalline thin film of CdTe was deposited in homogeneous medium on nickel plate by chemical bath deposition method containing 0.01 M cadmium acetate and 0.02 M tellurium dioxide. The structural, compositional and optical analysis were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Photoluminescence (PL).The diffraction peak observed at 2θ = 23.59° with (1 1 1) plane indicate the crystalline phase of CdTe film. The average crystalline size is measured to be 7 nm. Compositional analysis reveals the presence of both Cd and Te elements. The EDS Spectroscopy shows the ratio of Cd and Te is1:2 in case of as deposited film. The Photoluminescence peak is observed at 471 nm.

A one-pot synthesis methodology was employed for obtaining diverse quintuple-decker phthalocyanine heterometallic lanthanide-cadmium complexes. By using the reaction of a double-decker homoleptic/heteroleptic phthalocyanine samarium compound with metal-free phthalocyanine and cadmium acetate in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 200 °C, two novel quintuple-decker heteroleptic phthalocyanine heterometallic samarium-cadmium compounds, {(Pc)Sm(Pc)Cd(Pc*)Cd(Pc)Sm(Pc)} (1) and {(Pc)Sm(Pc*)Cd(Pc*)Cd(Pc*)Sm(Pc)} (2), together with one homoleptic phthalocyanine species, {(Pc*)Sm(Pc*)Cd(Pc*)Cd(Pc*)Sm(Pc*)} (3), were successfully fabricated, where H2Pc and H2Pc* represent unsubstituted phthalocyanine and 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(n-pentyloxy)phthalocyanine, respectively. Their quintuple-decker structures have been disclosed by various spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, valence tautomerization of these three quintuple-decker complexes has been achieved by the addition of phenoxathiin hexachloroantimonate, giving three oxidized forms including one-, two-, and three-electron oxidation products. From 1 to 3 with the same oxidation state, the increased number of n-pentyloxy substituents of phthalocyanine ligands induces the blue shift of electronic absorption in the IR region due to the increased gap associated with the introduction of electron-donating substituents. In particular, the electronic absorption spectra of one- and two-electron oxidation products for 1 exhibit a rare band in the middle-IR region around 3000 nm, being one of the farthest electronic transitions captured by UV-vis spectroscopy. The three-electron oxidation product of 1 displays two bands at 2231 and 2740 nm, respectively. These data are well confirmed by IR spectroscopic data and theoretical calculation results.

In this study, thin films of cadmium oxide (CdO) were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates using the simple spray pyrolysis technique using a cadmium acetate precursor. The results regarding the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the layers as a function of the substrate temperature ranging from 280 to 340 °C, spray rate ranging from 5 to 20 ml/min, and volume of solution ranging from 50 to 125 ml were systematically studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all the thin films had a polycrystalline nature with the fcc structure of single-phase CdO. The analysis also showed peaks related to (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images showed that the morphology surface of the thin films was spherical. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis demonstrated that the roughness of thin films ranged from 21.16 to 60.9 nm. The Hall effect and thermoelectric studies revealed that the films exhibited an n-type conductivity. The Hall effect measurement study also showed that the carrier concentration (n) and carrier mobility were of the order of 1019 cm− 3 and 10− 2 cm− 2/v s, respectively. The obtained values for the optical bandgap ranged from 2.29 to 2.56 eV, where the amount of the optical bandgap for the thin films decreased as the substrate temperature increased.

A highly efficient fluorination reaction of 4,6-disubstituted aminopyrimidines using N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) has been developed, presumably proceeding via C–H bond activation. Cadmium acetate was employed as the salts, and various fluorinated 4,6-disubstituted aminopyrimidines have been generated in good to excellent yields. This chemistry endows an economical method of valuable fluorinated 4,6-disubstituted aminopyrimidines through a direct C–F bond formation.

Photocatalytic degradation of broadband antibiotics like tetracycline (TC) under visible-light irradiation is considered as an efficient and cost-effective protocol for eliminating it from the aqueous medium. In this study, highly efficient solution-processable Cd1−xZnxS photocatalysts were synthesized using a simple solvothermal route where zinc acetate and cadmium acetate were used as precursors. Composition-tunable alloyed nanorods with bandgap energy tunability ranging from UV (3.7 eV) to Vis (2.5 eV) were synthesized and structural and optical characterization was performed thoroughly. With the increase of Zn content in the Cd1−xZnxS crystal, the 1LO phonon shifts notably towards higher wavenumber. The performance of Cd1−xZnxS nanorod photocatalyst is strongly related to the ratio of Cd and Zn. The Cd0.75Zn0.25S sample exhibits the highest photocatalytic degradation rate constant compared to the other family members. The scavenger experiment revealed that the holes are the main responsible species, whereas hydroxyl radicals have weak roles and electrons have mild effects for the photocatalytic degradation of TC. Our study gives new insight towards the designing of ternary photocatalytic materials for efficient removal of antibiotics from aqueous solution.

The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of cadmium on the haematological profile of Kuroiler chicks. Kuroiler chick is a diseases resistance hybrid variety developed in India and is more promising than broilers etc., in terms of both the protein content of the meat and the benefits it has on the poultry industry. 10 days old Kuroiler chickens were exposed to a single sub lethal dose (7 mg/kg body weight) of cadmium acetate and different blood parameters were evaluated after 20 and 40 days of exposure. The different parameters were analyzed and calculated using standard methods and formula. It was noted that cadmium has an effect on all the blood parameters. Treated groups revealed significant suppression of total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and neutrophils. The total leucocyte count, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils were found to be increased in treated groups. The drastic alterations in studied parameters indicated that cadmium has long term effect on the blood profile of chicken and thus ultimately affect the health status of the chick, the quality of meat and also hampers the poultry industry.

We, herein, report the synthesis of umbrella-like CdS single crystal with exposed high-activity (002) facets first time by using a one-step hydrothermal method with cadmium acetate dihydrate (Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN), and its possible growth mechanism was discussed. As a contrast, CdS nanoparticles with different morphologies were also synthesized. The morphology, composition and photocatalytic property of as-synthesized samples were determined by XRD, SEM, TEM, UV–Vis DRS, PL and photocurrent tests, respectively. The results show that umbrella-like CdS under UV (20 min) and visible light (80 min) irradiation, the removal rate of rhodamine B was as high as 99.1% and 99.3%, respectively. Moreover, even though the particle size of umbrella-like CdS particle is larger than as-synthesized CdS nanospheres, it still shows excellent photocatalytic degradation activity due to its exposed high-energy (002) facets. And its excellent application prospects are conceivable. The current work provides a new paradigm in material morphology design, especially in the construction of highly active surfaces for photocatalysis and photoelectric conversion.

A novel recyclable magnetic core–shell nanoparticles Fe3O4@saponin/Cd was synthesized by the combination of nano-Fe3O4@saponin with cadmium acetate. The structure, magnetic features, and morphology of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) Fe3O4@saponin/Cd were studied totally via different experiments, such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). It was found that the catalyst was active for the synthesis of β-aminoketone derivatives via one-pot three-component Mannich-type reactions of ketones, aromatic aldehydes, aromatic amines under eco-friendly solvent, at room temperature. Furthermore, this catalyst can be easily recovered magnetically and can be reused for other runs without any reduction in the activity.

The effects of two different growth methods including electrodeposition (ED) (two-electrode configuration) and chemical bath deposition (CBD) on the characteristic properties of CdS thin-films were explored and reported. The electrodeposited CdS (ED-CdS) layers were grown on glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates using acidic and aqueous solution containing 0.3 M of thiourea (SC(NH2)2) and 0.2 M of cadmium chloride hydrate (CdCl2.xH2O). The chemical bath deposited CdS (CBD-CdS) layers were also grown on glass/FTO substrates using alkaline and aqueous solution containing 4 × 10–3 M of cadmium acetate dihydrate (Cd(CH3CO2)2.2H2O), 20 × 10–3 M of thiourea (TU) and 6 × 10–2 M ammonium acetate (NH4C2H3O2). The deposited CdS thin-films were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell measurement to study their structural, optical, morphological, and electrical properties, respectively. The structural study shows the polycrystalline nature of the ED-CdS and CBD-CdS thin-films with stable hexagonal phase after heat treatment. The preferred orientation for both ED-CdS and CBD-CdS layers was along (002) hexagonal plane. The average crystallite size of CdS thin-films grown by both deposition methods were in the range ~ (11–38) nm and ~ (22–53) nm before and after heat treatment, respectively. Optical studies reveal the direct bandgap value of 2.42 eV for the heat-treated ED-CdS and CBD-CdS layers which correspond to the bulk bandgap of CdS (hexagonal phase). Morphological studies depict the average grain sizes in the range ~ (90–260) nm for the CdS thin-films. The PEC cell measurements show that the CdS layers grown by both ED and CBD methods were n-type in electrical conduction before and after heat treatment. No visible precipitations of elemental S or CdS particles were observed in the deposition electrolyte of ED-CdS showing a stable bath using TU precursor during the growth. The solar cells fabricated using CBD-CdS showed better performance as compared to the devices fabricated using ED-CdS due to the uniform coverage of FTO surface and better fill factor (FF).

The specimens of nanostructured semiconductor of Zn1-xCdxO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) thin films were grown on silicon substrate using a dip-coating method. The sol-gel technique was used. The appropriate amounts of Zinc acetate dihydrate (ZnAc) and the Cadmium acetate dihydrate (CdAc) were mixed according to the weight ratios that we have identified as follows; 0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 wt.%, then dissolved in 2-Methoxyethanol. Moreover, the Ethanolamine acts as a stabilizer. All films were annealed for 2 h at 500 °C. In order to search the Cd doping effect and its behavior to understand the morphological, structural and optical characteristics with confirm the presence of components and calculate its atomic percentages, we were used many nuclear techniques. The X-ray patterns of all films have showed a hexagonal structure crystallization of wurtzite ZnO phase with nano-metric crystallites size, about 25 nm, confirmed by an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) images, also we observed the fibers or a roots-like morphology on the surface. The Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) by the relation with the etching time and the Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) simulation spectra confirmed the existing of starting and doping elements, to conclude in the latter that the sample of ZnO film doped 10 wt.% Cd has the thickest. Regarding the Photoluminescence (PL) property and under the excitation of 250 nm by Xenon lamp in the room-temperature, the films showed a luminescence spectra of ultraviolet and visible emission, and we remarked also an increasing intensity of this latter up to 5 wt.% Cd doping, as well as a decrease of the optical gap energy has been registered from 3.33 to 3.25 eV with the increase of cadmium doping concentration.

Выявлены оптимальные дозы селективных агентов (ионы кадмия) для отбора устойчивых регенерантов сахарной свёклы в культуре in vitro. Показана высокая регенерационная способность зрелых зародышей семян в селективных условиях развития. Отобраны растения-регенеранты сахарной свёклы, устойчивые к ионной токсичности. Секвенирование ДНК-фрагментов микроклонов выявило полиморфизм в гене MTP4. Установлено наличие однонуклеотидных замен, вставок и делеций., Optimum doses of selective agents (cadmium ions) to select resistant sugar beet regenerants under in vitro culture have been determined. High regenerative ability of mature seed embryos under selective development conditions has been shown. Sugar beet plants-regenerants resistant to ionic toxicity have been selected. Sequencing of microclones’ DNA-fragments of has revealed polymorphism in MTP4 gene. Presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions has been determined.

Выявлены оптимальные дозы совместного действия маннита и кадмия для создания регенерантов сахарной свёклы с комплексной устойчивостью к стрессовым факторам в условиях in vitro. Двукратный отбор в селективных условиях повысил толерантность регенерантов к стрессам. Отобраны регенеранты для создания линий с устойчивостью к осмотическому стрессу и ионной токсичности., The optimal doses of the combined action of mannitol and cadmium for the creation of sugar beet regenerants with complex resistance to stress factors under in vitro conditions have been identified. Double selection under selective conditions increased the tolerance of regenerants to stress. Regenerants were selected to create lines with resistance to osmotic stress and ionic toxicity.

Оптимизирован состав питательной среды для получения регенерантов сахарной свеклы с комплексной устойчивостью к стрессовым факторам в условиях in vitro. Двукратный отбор в селективных условиях повысил толерантность регенерантов к ионному стрессу. Выявлены селективные концетрации для эффективного ризогенеза микроклонов. Отобраны линии сахарной свеклы с устойчивостью к осмотическому и ионному стрессам. Ключевые слова: стресс, растения-регенеранты, in vitro, маннит, ацетат кадмия, селективная питательная среда, сахарная свекла, ионная токсичность., The composition of the nutrient medium for obtaining sugar beet regenerants with complex resistance to stress factors under in vitro conditions has been optimized. Double selection under selective conditions increased the tolerance of regenerants to ion stress. Selective concentrations for effective rhizogenesis of microclones were revealed. Sugar beet lines with resistance to osmotic and ionic stress were selected., Сахарная свекла, Выпуск 2 2022

The results of a study of sensors based on thin semiconductor films of CdxPb1 – xS solid solutions intended for the determination of nitrogen dioxide in air are described. For a comparative assessment of the composition, morphology, and functional properties of the films, they were synthesized from reaction mixtures containing various cadmium salts. It was found that the maximum response is provided by layers obtained using cadmium acetate, in which the composition of the solid solution differs in the maximum supersaturation level in CdS. The films were formed of crystallites with average sizes of ~200 nm. When the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in air was 0.05‒200 mg/m3, the relative change in the ohmic resistance of sensors ranged from 8 to 80%. It was shown that the threshold concentration of NO2 in air was about 0.02 mg/m3. The reversible nature of the gas adsorption process opens a possibility for the creation of reusable chemical sensors based on CdxPb1 – xS films, differing in a relatively low threshold concentration of NO2 detection and selective response in the presence of significantly higher concentrations of O2, CO2, and H2.

The semi organic nonlinear optical single crystal of L- Threonine Cadmium acetate Monohydrate (LTCAM) doped Ni 2+ion is prepared by the technique slow evaporation solution growth. The prepared crystal was analysed by XRD, EDAX, UV-Vis- NIR, IR, TG/DTA, Photo Luminescence (PL), VSM and SHG measurements. The SXRD shows the crystal come under the monoclinic crystal system with P21 noncentrosymmetric space group. In the visible and near infrared region the crystal shows good optical response and it is a thermally stable compound. The band gap of the grown crystal was 5.02ev. The functional groups are confirmed by FTIR analysis. The luminescent behaviour of the doped crystal shows its ability as UV filters. The dopant turns its magnetic property in to semi paramagnetic nature.

The behavior of variation of dielectric constant with temperature of solid solution of Cadmium Acetate Cd(C2H3O2)2 with Aluminium (III) Oxide Al2O3 and other dielectric parameters have been measured between the temperatures 35°C to 100°C using the capacitance bridge model ZENITH-FM89A and Q meter at the frequency of 2000 Hz. In the measurement, it have been observed that the compound has lower value of dielectric constant (ε = 1580) below 36ºC, which rises upto a value of 5600 at the moderate temperature of 45ºC. After this temperature, the dielectric constant of compound decreases upto the value of nearly 3521 at the temperature of 75ºC and a high peak at the temperature of 76°C (ε = 7000) in the heating cycle curve with some fluctuations.. When the variation of dielectric constant was studied in cooling cycle the peak was observed at 62ºC(ε = 6500), above and below this temperature dielectric constant decreases with some intermediate fluctuations and by increasing aluminium oxide content in the mother compound, its quality factor also increases with a little effect on dielectric constant. The cooling cycle curve does not follow heating curve because of the relaxor behaviour of the compound. The results have been explained on the basis of crystal structure changes and the possibility of free internal rotation of acetate groups within the crystal lattice at elevated temperature. One of the advantages of Cd(C2H3O2)2 with Al2O3 is that by varying the Aluminium Oxide content, one can control temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τf without affecting the other properties. This is important for many ferroelectric applications because τf of near about low value is not always required. A non-zero τf is often preferable to compensate for frequency variation due to the effect of temperature change on the resonator housing and dielectric support structure. Solid solution of Cadmium Acetate with Aluminium Oxide suggests for its valuable applications as dielectric material with excellent properties useful in ceramics engineering and communication system. KEY WORDS: Polarization, Quality Factor, Dielectric Constant, Phase Transition, Curie temperature, Resonant Frequency and Ceramics Engineering.

Ho doped (Cd-Ag)S semiconducting thin films have been grown on the glass substrate by chemical bath deposition method at room temperature. The semiconducting films were grown in bath containing aqueous solution of silver nitrate, cadmium acetrate, thiourea, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA), triethanolamine (TEA), ammonia and holmium nitrate. Silver nitrate is used as the silver (Ag) ion source, cadmium acetate as the cadmium (Cd) ion source, thiourea for sulphur ion source; EDTA and TEA are the complexing agents while ammonia is used for maintaing pH. Ho(NO3)3 is taken for the Ho ion. The absorption spectra of the prepared thin films fall in the UV region. Absorption edge of spectra shifted toward lower wavelength side as compared to the undoped films of (Cd-Ag)S and the increase in Ho volume in the prepared sample further shifted the edge towards lower wavelength. Band gaps calculated from tauc’s plot also showed increase in values for doped samples. Increase in band gap is indicated of reduced particle size of the prepared Ho doped films. The Photoluminescence emission peaks of all the prepared films around 575–600 nm wavelength and excitation peaks are found at 260–276 nm. The SEM studies of Ho doped (Cd-Ag)S films show the globular ball type particles grouped together and also flakes type structure observed in 8 ml Ho doped films. Particle size estimated from micrograhs are ranging from 60 to 180 nm.

By using the designed N-rich 3,6-bis(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridazine (b4mmp) and chiral d-camphoric acid (d-cam) ligands to react with cadmium acetate, a new bulk homochiral 3D metal–organic framework [Cd2(d-cam)2(b4mmp)(DMF)]n (1) has been synthesized. Compound 1 bears an uninodal 6-connected net structure with unprecedent topology, and it has a high thermostability. Moreover, the circular dichroism spectrum and photoluminescent properties for 1 were also investigated.

In this study, we present experimental data on the effects of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and tetraethylammonium salt of salinomycinic acid (Sal) on cadmium-induced spleen dysfunction and altered essential metal balance in mice. Sixty-day-old male mice (ICR line) were randomly divided into four groups: untreated control group (Ctrl)-obtained distilled water for 28 days, toxic control group (Cd)-exposed to cadmium acetate dihydrate at average daily dose of 20mg/kg body weight (BW) for 14 days, Cd + DMSA group-obtained cadmium acetate dihydrate as the toxic control group followed by treatment with 20mg/kg BW DMSA for 2 weeks, and Cd + Sal group-mice exposed to cadmium acetate dihydrate at average daily dose of 20mg/kg BW for 2 weeks followed by administration of Sal at an average daily dose of 20mg/kg BW for 2 weeks. The compounds were administered orally via the drinking water of the animals. We found that cadmium exposure caused splenomegaly and reduced the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and total red blood cell count compared with untreated controls. Cadmium intoxication of mice induced accumulation of the toxic metal ion in the blood and spleen. Alterations in the endogenous levels of calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) in the spleen of cadmium-exposed mice compared with those in untreated controls were observed. Treatment of cadmium-exposed mice with DMSA or Sal recovered the spleen weight and hematological parameters to normal control values, decreased cadmium concentration in the blood and spleen, and improved splenic architecture. The results prove that Sal is a potential antidote for treatment of Cd-induced spleen dysfunction.

In this work the influence of the thiourea incorporation velocity, or drip time (td), on the properties of the CdS films deposited by chemical bath deposition technique (CBD) was studied. The thiourea was employed as the sulfur source in the bath solution. The films were deposited on glass substrates keeping the bath solution temperature (Tb) at 90 °C and varying the td from 10 to 60 min. The other reagents used were cadmium acetate, ammonium acetate, ammonium hydroxide and deionized water as an aqueous medium, whose concentrations were constant. The dependence of the thickness with td showed three regions associated with three growth stages: i) induction period, ii) linear growth and iii) saturation stage. The best structural, optical and electrical properties were obtained in the linear growth region (20 min ≤ td ≤ 40 min). These films exhibited a crystallite size around 35 nm and a resistivity value of ∼100 Ω-cm. With respect to their optical properties, an average transmittance value of 70% for λ ≥ 500 nm and Eg of 2.35 eV were obtained. The presence of organic compounds was determined by FTIR spectra. The main organic compound identified was cyanamide, whose concentration was greater and constant at linear growth region. Afterwards, the effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatments on the properties of the CdS films, was evaluated for three films of the linear growth region. Such treatments did not modify the thickness, crystalline structure and crystallite size of the films. However, there was a change of color from light orange to dark orange, and a shift of Eg to 2.27 eV without the detriment of the transmittance. The CdS optical constants (n, k, e) obtained from an optical model, confirmed the shift. In addition, photoluminescence spectra after RTA treatment showed a decrease of the defects associated to the radiative bands: green (2.21 eV), red (1.88 eV) and nanoparticles (2.94 eV), this without a change in the orange band (2.04 eV). The cyanamide, main organic compound present in the films, decreased significantly with thermal treatment, producing a resistivity drop from ∼100 to 4 Ω-cm. The drop of resistivity was attributed to the decrease of both, cyanamide and radiative defects concentration. The RTA treatments lead to CdS films with low resistivity and good transmittance, making them appropriate to be used as window material in solar cells.

A highly conductive carbon-doped cadmium oxide (CdO) has been fabricated by a catalyst free, compatible and low-cost one-step technique using an annealing method. In the process, the cadmium acetate was used directly as a precursor, and no further assistance from chemicals, multiple steps or instruments was needed. The morphology and phase identification were confirmed by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy analyses. From the analyses, it was confirmed that the carbons are inserted at the vacant oxygen sites of the prepared CdO, and the Cd–C linking bridges play a significant role in increasing the electrical conductivity. The thin film prepared by the fabricated CdO showed an excellent electrical conductivity of 858.51 S/cm, suggesting that a highly conductive CdO material fabricated by a simple annealing method can serve as a good electrical conductor material. The thin film fabricated from the carbon-doped CdO material can be used for electrical applications such as solar cells, photo transistors, photo diodes and super capacitors.

In present work, a facile spray pyrolysis technique has been applied for the synthesis of cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films at 673 K using aqueous cadmium acetate solution and reported. Primarily, as-synthesized CdO thin films are characterized for their structure and surface morphology corroborations and afterward used for energy storage applications. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis supports to the formation of cubic crystalline phase of CdO. A homogeneous network of elongated rod-type surface morphology of CdO films was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy analysis. In addition, hydrophilic character of CdO thin film was corroborated through contact angle measurement. Electrochemical properties of as-synthesized CdO thin film electrode was studied in various aqueous electrolytes by means of cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge, and impedance spectroscopy techniques and discussed. Electrochemical studies of CdO thin film electrode demonstrates a maximum specific capacitance of 344 F/g at 5 mV/s scan rate in 2 M KOH electrolyte.

The presence of chlorophenols in various environmental media has become a human health concern. In this study, homogeneous cadmium sulfide (CdS) sub-microspheres were prepared through a solution phase and hydrothermal method, form cadmium acetate dihydrate and thiourea. CdS@TiO2 core-shell nanostructures were synthesized using the as prepared CdS (1:4), through two steps including the solution phase and hydrothermal methods. The prepared CdS sub-microspheres and CdS@TiO2 were characterized using a number of physico-chemical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), RAMAN spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The experimental results demonstrated that the morphology of the CdS sub-microspheres can be easily controlled by changing the ratio of cadmium acetate/thiourea. The SEM analysis revealed that the CdS sub-microspheres prepared by solution phase and hydrothermal methods possess an average size of around 149 and 470 nm respectively. The CdS sub-microspheres and CdS@TiO2 core-shell materials were evaluated for the visible light photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. CdS@TiO2 showed up to 20% enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of 2,4-DCP and 2,4,6-TCP compared to pure CdS. Up to 70% of 2,4-DCP and 2,4,6-TCP were removed in 6 h. The enhanced photoactivity can be attributed to the longer lifetime of photo-generated electron − hole pairs from the CdS@TiO2 compared to the pure CdS material.