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Background We aimed to elucidate the relationship between environmental exposure to lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) which were measured in blood and the kidney function of adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2017. Statistical procedures were performed to analyze the Korean population of adolescents aged 12-17 years. Regression analysis was performed, and covariates included age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, and other heavy metal levels. Results The median blood levels of Pb, Hg, and Cd were 1.165 [mu]g/dL, 1.805 [mu]g/L, and 0.304 [mu]g/L, respectively. Adolescents with Pb levels in the highest quartile (> 1.454 [mu]g/dL) had a 3.35 mL/min/1.73 m.sup.2-lower estimated glomerular filtration rate using creatinine (eGFR.sub.cr) (95% confidence interval (CI), -6.03 to -0.68 mL/min/1.73 m.sup.2) compared to those in the lowest quartile (< 0.856 [mu]g/dL) in the unadjusted model. However, there was no association between the blood Pb level and eGFR.sub.cr in the adjusted model. Levels of Hg and Cd were not associated with eGFR.sub.cr in either model. High blood levels of all three heavy metals were not associated with the risk of hypertension. Conclusions There was no association between increased blood levels of Pb, Hg, and Cd; eGFR.sub.cr; and increased risk of hypertension in Korean adolescents who were exposed to relatively low levels of heavy metals. Graphical abstract, Author(s): Sang Hyun Joo [sup.1] , Sumin Seo [sup.2] , Myung Hyun Cho [sup.1] , Kyo Sun Kim [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.488421.3, 0000000404154154, Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred [...]

Background: Arsenic and cadmium are known cardiovascular toxicants that pose disproportionate risk to rural communities where environmental exposures are high. American Indians have high vascular risk, which may be attributable in part to these exposures. Objective: We examined urine metal concentrations in association with magnetic resonance imaging findings of vascular brain injury or cerebral atrophy in adult American Indians. Methods: We measured arsenic and cadmium in American Indian participants from the Strong Heart Study (1989-1991) and evaluated these associations with later (2010-2013) measures of infarct, hemorrhage, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) grade, brain and hippocampal volume, and sulcal and ventricle atrophy using nested multivariate regression analyses. Results: Among participants with available data (N = 687), the median urine arsenic:creatinine ratio was 7.54 [micro]g/g [interquartile range (IQR): 4.90-11.93] and the cadmium:creatinine ratio was 0.96 [micro]g/g (IQR: 0.61-1.51). Median time between metal measurement and brain imaging was 21 y (range: 18-25 y). Statistical models detected significant associations between arsenic and higher burden of WMH [grade increase = 0.014 (95% CI: 0.000, 0.028) per 10% increase in arsenic]; and between cadmium and presence of lacunar infarcts [relative risk (RR) = 1.024 (95% CI: 1.004, 1.045) per 10% increase in cadmium]. Discussion: This population-based cohort of American Indian elders had measured values of urine arsenic and cadmium several times higher than previous population- and clinic-based studies in the United States and Mexico, and comparable values with European industrial workers. Our findings of associations for arsenic and cadmium exposures with vascular brain injury are consistent with established literature. Environmental toxicant accumulation is modifiable; public health policy may benefit from focusing on reductions in environmental metals. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6930, Introduction Arsenic and cadmium are known environmental toxicants. Geographical regions characterized by subsistence or rural economies may have some of the most heavily arsenic- and cadmium-contaminated soil or groundwater, where [...]

ABSTRACT Metallothioneins (MT) play important roles in trace metal homeostasis as well as excess metal detoxification in all organisms. They have been acknowledged as the most valid biomarker to indicate [...]

We examined the effect of magnesium (Mg) on cadmium (Cd) toxicity symptoms, uptake, and sorption to the plasma membrane in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Minorimugi'). Plants were grown in a constant concentration of Cd with variable Mg concentrations. Plants supplied with Cd only had necrotic first leaves, undeveloped emerging leaves, and outgrown lateral buds. The latter may account for greater dry mass accumulation in plants treated with Cd only than plants supplied with Mg. The symptoms of Cd stress were at least partly alleviated by the addition of Mg to the medium. Mg reduced accumulation of Cd in both shoots and roots, although there was a clear dose response in shoots only. We conclude that Mg inhibited Cd accumulation either by competing with Cd for uptake by the root or by inhibiting Cd translocation to the shoot. Cd sorption to plasma membrane vesicles from roots was unaffected by a concentration of Mg similar to that of Cd, but was reduced by high concentrations of Mg. This evidence of only weak competition between the two minerals suggests that the primary effect of Mg on reducing Cd accumulation is not through competition at the root surface but that Mg inhibits Cd translocation to shoots. Key words: alleviate, cadmium, competition, magnesium, plasma membrane vesicles, translocation. Les auteurs ont examine l'effet du magnesium (Mg) sur les symptomes de toxicite, la captation et la sorption du cadmium (Cd) a la membrane plasmique de l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Minorimugi'). Les plants ont ete cultives en presence d'une concentration constante de Cd et des concentrations variables de Mg. Les premieres feuilles des plants supplementes au Cd seul etaient necrotiques alors que les feuilles emergentes etaient embryonnaires et les bourgeons lateraux etaient en surcroissance. Ces derniers etaient responsables de l'accumulation plus elevee de poids sec des plants traites au Cd seulement comparativement aux plants supplementes au Mg. Les symptomes d'un stress au Cd etaient au moins partiellement attenues par l'ajout de Mg au milieu. Le Mg reduisait l'accumulation de Cd tant dans les pousses que les racines, quoiqu'il n'y avait une reponse claire en fonction de la concentration que dans les pousses seulement. Les auteurs concluent que le Mg inhibait l'accumulation de Cd soit par competition avec le Cd pour la captation par les racines, soit par l'inhibition de la translocation du Cd dans les pousses. La sorption du Cd a des vesicules de membranes plasmiques de racines n'etait pas affectee par une concentration de Mg similaire a celle du Cd, mais elle etait reduite par de fortes concentrations de Mg. Ceci met en evidence que la competition entre les deux mineraux est faible, ce qui suggere que l'effet premier du Mg sur la reduction de l'accumulation de Cd ne passe pas par une competition a la surface des racines, mais par une inhibition par le Mg de la translocation du Cd vers les pousses. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : attenuation, cadmium, competition, magnesium, vesicules de membrane plasmique, translocation., Introduction Many elements inhibit cadmium (Cd) uptake into plants, thereby alleviating Cd stress. Examples of elements that reduce Cd uptake include magnesium (Mg), phosphorus, chlorine, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, nickel, [...]

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) preferentially accumulates in the kidney, the major target for Cd-related toxicity. Cd-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been considered crucial mediators for renal injury. The biologically significant [...]

BACKGROUND: Controlling for day-to-day variation is a key issue in estimating long-term dietary exposure to heavy metals using 24-hour recall (24HR) data from a relatively small number of days. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to estimate long-term dietary exposure to lead, cadmium and mercury among Korean children using the Iowa State University (ISU) method and to assess the contributions of different food groups to heavy metal intake. METHODS: We analyzed 2 days of 24HR data from 457 children between 0 and 6 years of age in 2010. Using bootstrapped concentration data for 118 representative foods, 93.5% of total intake was included in the exposure estimates in this study. Using the 2-day exposure data, we estimated long-term exposure by controlling for within-individual variation using the ISU method. RESULTS: The long-term dietary exposure estimates (mean [+ or -]standard deviation) for lead, cadmium, and mercury were 0.47 ± 0.14, 0.38 3 ± 0.20, and 0.22 ± 0.08 µg/kg bw/day, respectively. For lead and cadmium, the percentages of children whose exposure was greater than the reference value were 35 and 42%, respectively. Fruits were an important source of lead exposure, and cereal and fish and shellfish made the greatest contributions to the total cadmium and mercury exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings also suggest that the long-term exposure to lead and cadmium was somewhat greater than the reference values, whereas mercury exposure was well below than the reference value in this population. Further studies may be necessary to evaluate the food items contributing to heavy metal exposure, and continuous monitoring is needed to ensure the safety of food intake and dietary patterns among vulnerable groups in Korea. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2014) 68, 1322-1326; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.116; published online 25 June 2014, INTRODUCTION Heavy metals in the environment can appear as residues in foodstuffs. (1) They can be harmful for humans because they are not metabolized, and thus, they accumulate in the [...]

BACKGROUND: Cadmium (Cd) is a human toxicant and carcinogen. Genetic variation might affect long-term accumulation. Cd is absorbed via iron transporters. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the impact of iron homeostasis genes [...]

Thyroid hormones (THs) play a critical role in the functions of nervous, reproductive, and cardiovascular systems in both children and adults (Danzi and Klein 2012; Williams 2008; Yazbeck and Sullivan [...]

BACKGROUND: Cadmium is a commonly occurring toxic food contaminant, but health consequences of early-life exposure are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the associations between cadmium exposure and neurobehavioral development in [...]

BACKGROUND: Cancer may be a stem cell (SC)-based disease involving formation of cancer SCs (CSCs) potentially arising from transformation of normal SCs. Cadmium has been linked to human pancreatic cancer. [...]

BACKGROUND: Public health policies such as tobacco control, air pollution reduction, and hazardous waste remediation may have reduced cadmium exposure among U.S. adults. However, trends in urine cadmium, a marker [...]