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3. The Oxygen Paradox, the French Paradox, and age-related diseases.

Author

Davies, Joanna MS, Cillard, Josiane, Friguet, Bertrand, Cadenas, Enrique, Cadet, Jean, Cayce, Rachael, Fishmann, Andrew, Liao, David, Bulteau, Anne-Laure, Derbré, Frédéric, Rébillard, Amélie, Burstein, Steven, Hirsch, Etienne, Kloner, Robert A, Jakowec, Michael, Petzinger, Giselle, Sauce, Delphine, Sennlaub, Florian, Limon, Isabelle, Ursini, Fulvio, Maiorino, Matilde, Economides, Christina, Pike, Christian J, Cohen, Pinchas, Salvayre, Anne Negre, Halliday, Matthew R, Lundquist, Adam J, Jakowec, Nicolaus A, Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima, Mericskay, Mathias, Mariani, Jean, Li, Zhenlin, Huang, David, Grant, Ellsworth, Forman, Henry J, Finch, Caleb E, Sun, Patrick Y, Pomatto, Laura CD, Agbulut, Onnik, Warburton, David, Neri, Christian, Rouis, Mustapha, Cillard, Pierre, Capeau, Jacqueline, Rosenbaum, Jean, and Davies, Kelvin JA

Subjects
Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Oxygen, Free Radicals, Geriatric Assessment, Risk Assessment, Adaptation, Physiological, Oxidative Stress, Aging, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, France, Female, Male, Diet, High-Protein, Adaptive Homeostasis, Age-related diseases, Ageing, French Paradox, Healthspan, Oxidative stress, Oxygen Paradox, Proteostasis, Adaptation, Physiological, and over, Diet, High-Protein
Abstract

A paradox is a seemingly absurd or impossible concept, proposition, or theory that is often difficult to understand or explain, sometimes apparently self-contradictory, and yet ultimately correct or true. How is it possible, for example, that oxygen "a toxic environmental poison" could be also indispensable for life (Beckman and Ames Physiol Rev 78(2):547-81, 1998; Stadtman and Berlett Chem Res Toxicol 10(5):485-94, 1997)?: the so-called Oxygen Paradox (Davies and Ursini 1995; Davies Biochem Soc Symp 61:1-31, 1995). How can French people apparently disregard the rule that high dietary intakes of cholesterol and saturated fats (e.g., cheese and paté) will result in an early death from cardiovascular diseases (Renaud and de Lorgeril Lancet 339(8808):1523-6, 1992; Catalgol et al. Front Pharmacol 3:141, 2012; Eisenberg et al. Nat Med 22(12):1428-1438, 2016)?: the so-called, French Paradox. Doubtless, the truth is not a duality and epistemological bias probably generates apparently self-contradictory conclusions. Perhaps nowhere in biology are there so many apparently contradictory views, and even experimental results, affecting human physiology and pathology as in the fields of free radicals and oxidative stress, antioxidants, foods and drinks, and dietary recommendations; this is particularly true when issues such as disease-susceptibility or avoidance, "healthspan," "lifespan," and ageing are involved. Consider, for example, the apparently paradoxical observation that treatment with low doses of a substance that is toxic at high concentrations may actually induce transient adaptations that protect against a subsequent exposure to the same (or similar) toxin. This particular paradox is now mechanistically explained as "Adaptive Homeostasis" (Davies Mol Asp Med 49:1-7, 2016; Pomatto et al. 2017a; Lomeli et al. Clin Sci (Lond) 131(21):2573-2599, 2017; Pomatto and Davies 2017); the non-damaging process by which an apparent toxicant can activate biological signal transduction pathways to increase expression of protective genes, by mechanisms that are completely different from those by which the same agent induces toxicity at high concentrations. In this review, we explore the influences and effects of paradoxes such as the Oxygen Paradox and the French Paradox on the etiology, progression, and outcomes of many of the major human age-related diseases, as well as the basic biological phenomenon of ageing itself.

Published
2017

14. Dihydromyricetin supplementation improves ethanol-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation

Author

Janilkarn-Urena, Isis, primary, Idrissova, Alina, additional, Zhang, Mindy, additional, VanDreal, Masha, additional, Sanghavi, Neysa, additional, Skinner, Samantha G., additional, Cheng, Sydney, additional, Zhang, Zeyu, additional, Watanabe, Junji, additional, Asatryan, Liana, additional, Cadenas, Enrique, additional, and Davies, Daryl L., additional

Published
2023
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22. Modulation of hepatic amyloid precursor protein and lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 by chronic alcohol intake: Potential link between liver steatosis and amyloid-β

Author

Garcia, Jerome, primary, Chang, Rudy, additional, Steinberg, Ross A., additional, Arce, Aldo, additional, Yang, Joshua, additional, Van Der Eb, Peter, additional, Abdullah, Tamara, additional, Chandrashekar, Devaraj V., additional, Eck, Sydney M., additional, Meza, Pablo, additional, Liu, Zhang-Xu, additional, Cadenas, Enrique, additional, Cribbs, David H., additional, Kaplowitz, Neil, additional, Sumbria, Rachita K., additional, and Han, Derick, additional

Published
2022
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40. Lester Packer: On His Life and His Legacy.

Author

Cadenas, Enrique and Sies, Helmut

Subjects
*FREE radicals, *OXIDATION-reduction reaction, *OXIDATIVE stress, *OXIDIZING agents, *STUDENT research
Abstract

Lester Packer was an exceptional scientific leader, whose radiant personality inspired and encouraged generations of students and scientists for research to pursue oxidants and antioxidants in biology and medicine. For the FORUM dedicated to Professor Packer, we here describe key aspects of his professional career, from the early years at Brooklyn College, Yale University, and the Johnson Research Foundation at Philadelphia to his long-term base at the University of California, at UC Berkeley. The concept of the "Antioxidant Network" formed the core of his activities in later years. His welcoming and integrative personality led to a worldwide network of colleagues, starting with the Bay Area Oxygen Club, which turned into the Oxygen Club of California, and his leadership in the Society for Free Radical Research-International. To illustrate his warmth and outreach, which enabled him to form borderless global collaborations, we conclude with words from some of his many friends also from outside academia: Lester Packer's legacy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 768–774. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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