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Introduction. An analysis was made of posterior crossbites in deciduous dentition and their relation to the type of feeding received by the child, with the objective of determining the influence of the way in which the child is fed in the early stages of life on the development of posterior crossbites. (2) Material and methods. A total of 1401 preschool children between 3 and 6 years of age from Seville (Spain) were included in the study. An intraoral exploration was carried out to assess the presence of crossbites (uni- or bilateral, and functional or not). The study was completed with a parent or legal guardian questionnaire exploring the type of feeding received by the child in the first stages of life, as well as the presence of bad oral habits and their duration. (3) Results. A total of 276 children (19.7%) presented posterior crossbite in occlusion. Uponn centering the midlines, 197 were maintained, indicating that 79 were due to premature contacts (functional crossbites). There were no significant differences in crossbites among the children who had received breastfeeding, though bottle-feeding was seen to favor crossbite. (4) Conclusions. No statistically significant relationship was found between posterior crossbites and breastfeeding, though an association between posterior crossbites and bottle-feeding was observed, with the number of crossbites increasing with the duration of bottle-feeding.

Background A study is made of posterior crossbite in deciduous dentition and its possible association to extrinsic factors (bad oral habits). Methods A total of 1168 Spanish children between 3 and 6 years of age were included in the study. Exploration of the oral cavity was performed to assess the presence of crossbite (uni- or bilateral and/or functional), and a questionnaire was administered to the parents or caregivers to determine the presence of bad oral habits and their duration. Results In occlusion, 19.7% of the cases (n=230) presented uni- or bilateral posterior crossbite. On adopting centric relation confronting the midlines, crossbite persisted in 165 children, indicating that 65 cases were due to premature contacts (functional crossbite). The identified favoring factors were pacifier use, thumb sucking, oral breathing and tongue thrusting or immature swallowing. Discussion Most studies in the literature report a relationship between posterior crossbite and bad oral habits. The proportion of posterior crossbites identified in our study (16.6%) is consistent with the data published by authors such as Kobayashi, Limeira or Paolantonio, among others, but differs from the results of Zhifei Zhou, Peres or Germa. In coincidence with most studies, we recorded a statistically significant association between posterior crossbite and bad oral habits. Conclusions Bad oral habits favor the appearance of posterior crossbite, and the duration of the habit, its intensity (in the case of thumb sucking) and type (in the case of pacifier use) act as influencing factors. Functional study characterized the types of posterior crossbites and identified those attributable to premature contacts. This aspect has not been addressed by previous studies, and we consider the findings to be very interesting for analyzing and identifying the features of true crossbites.

Introduction: Correct development and growth of the dental arches and occlusion in the deciduous dentition is crucial for physiological occlusion in the permanent dentition. The present study evaluates the evolution of the terminal plane and canine occlusion class in the same children from deciduous to mixed dentition. (2) Materials and methods: The study included 257 children (164 girls and 93 boys) aged 3–5 years in the first phase and 8–10 years in the second phase. The chi-square test was used for the comparison of qualitative variables, while analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Wilcoxon test were used in the case of quantitative variables, as applicable. Statistical significance was considered for p < 0.05. (3) Results: The most common terminal plane in the first phase of the study was a bilateral flush plane (70%), followed by distal and mesial, with few differences between them. In the second phase, the most common terminal plane was mesial, followed by bilateral flush and distal. There were no statistically significant differences according to gender. Canine occlusion in the first phase was predominantly bilateral class I, followed by class II and class III. Similar results were recorded in the permanent dentition, except for a lesser percentage of children with canine class II. Molar occlusion in the second phase was predominantly class I, followed by half cusp class II and full cusp class II and class III. (4) Conclusions: The present study shows that knowing the age range in which maximum dental development and growth in both arches occurs may contribute to avoiding malocclusions and the possible need for orthodontic-orthopedic treatment, resulting in improved outcomes and greater stability

Introducción: En un paciente infantil o adolescente la anquilosis supone un problema con consecuencias a nivel óseo, a nivel de la estética facial y puede tener un impacto psicológico. Por lo tanto, no debe de pasar desapercibida y se debe instaurar el tratamiento a tiempo, ya que por lo contrario, la reabsorción de reemplazo conllevará a la pérdida del diente y su sustitución por el hueso. Hoy en día el tratamiento más recomendado es la decoronación para solventar la infraoclusión, técnica poco conocida por los odontopediatras a pesar de que éstos suelen ser los primeros profesionales en diagnosticar la anquilosis. Objetivos: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica para conocer la técnica de decoronación en su conjunto como tratamiento de la anquilosis alveolodentaria en la dentición permanente joven. Material y método: Para efectuar la búsqueda se emplearon las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Google Scholar, Dialnet, LILACS y MEDES con estrategias de búsquedas que incluían los términos “Decoronation” “Dental ankylosis”, “Dentoalveolar ankylosis”, “Tooth ankylosis”, “Replacement resorption”. Después del cribado y eliminación de duplicados se obtuvieron 30 artículos para el estudio y además fue utilizada una bibliografía adicional para poder abordar el tema. Resultados: Se encontró que los artículos revisados concuerdan en que la decoronación es el método estándar para la resolución de la anquilosis en la dentición permanente joven debido a que proporciona resultados estéticos e incluso se produce una aposición ósea vertical. La técnica tiene un favorable pronóstico si se trabaja en un equipo multidisciplinar y si se planifica la rehabilitación protésica. Aunque hay poca literatura que hace seguimiento hasta la colocación del implante. Tampoco hay suficiente literatura científica respecto a las diferentes opciones de rehabilitación protésica y los diferentes casos clínicos de los autores proponen diversas opciones por lo que se necesita más investigación y unificaci, Introduction: The ankylosis in a pediatric patient or an adolescent has serious consequences on the bone level, on the facial aesthetics, and also it can has a psychological impact. Therefore, it should not go unnoticed and treatment should be provided on time, to the contrary, the replacement resorption will lead to the loss of the tooth and its replacement by bone. Nowadays, the most recommended treatment to resolve the infraoclussion is the decoronation, a technique little known by pediatric dentists despite the fact that they are usually the first professionals to diagnose the ankylosis. Objectives: To carry out a bibliographic review to describe the decoronation technique as a whole as a treatment for dental alveolar ankylosis in the young permanent dentition. Material and method: To carry out the search, the databases PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Google Scholar, Dialnet, LILACS and MEDES were used with search strategies that included the terms "Decoronation" "Dental ankylosis", "Dentoalveolar ankylosis", "Tooth ankylosis","Replacement resorption”. After screening of the literature and the elimination of duplicates, 30 articles were used for the study and an additional bibliography was also included to support the topic. Results: It was found that the reviewed articles agree that decoronation is the standard method for the resolution of ankylosis in the young permanent dentition because it provides aesthetic results and even produces a vertical bone apposition. The technique has a favourable prognosis if it is worked by a multidisciplinary team and if prosthetic rehabilitation is planned. Although there is little literature that follows up until implant placement. There is also not enough scientific literature regarding the different options for prosthetic rehabilitation and the different clinical cases of the authors propose different options, which is why more research and unification of the criteria to apply in each case is needed. Conclusions: More well-designed cl

Introducción: El Síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) en niños es una enfermedad prevalente y de graves consecuencias. Su relación con la cavidad oral, permite al odontólogo colaborar en la estrategia de diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz para prevenir la aparición de la enfermedad y/o sus morbilidades. Objetivo: Revisar la literatura publicada más reciente acerca del SAOS en niños y las repercusiones e implicaciones que tiene en el ámbito de la odontología para determinar el rol del odontólogo en su abordaje multidisciplinar. Material y Métodos: Se ha realizado una búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos WOS, Scopus y PubMed, de trabajos publicados en los últimos cinco años acerca del SAOS en niños caucásicos. Resultados: Del total de 137 artículos, se seleccionaron 32 artículos para revisar. Conclusiones: El odontólogo tiene un papel clave en el diagnóstico precoz y en el tratamiento multidisciplinar del SAOS en niños. Cada día se reconoce más la necesidad del tratamiento odontológico en niños con SAOS, pero aún faltan más estudios sobre sus efectos a largo plazo., Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in children is a prevalent disease with serious consequences. Its relationship with the oral cavity allows dentists to collaborate in the early diagnosis and treatment strategy to prevent the onset of the disease and/or its morbidities. Aim: To review the most recent published literature about OSAS in children and the consequences and implications it has in the field of dentistry to determine the role of the dentist in its multidisciplinary approach. Material and Methods: An electronic search was carried out in the WOS, Scopus and PubMed databases, of the works published in the last five years about OSAS regarding Caucasian children. Results: Out of 137 articles, 32 articles were selected for review. Conclusions: The dentist plays a key role in the early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment of OSAS in children. The need for dental treatment in children with OSAS is increasingly recognized nowadays, but more studies on its long-term effects are needed.

Background and Objective: This study analyzes the possibility that Stomatognathic and Postural systems are related by muscle chains. Malocclusion may influence the posture, contact between the foot and the ground, center of mass, footprint or vice-versa. This study aimed to verify whether there is a relationship between dental occlusion and podal system. Materials and Methods: A cross-cutting, descriptive study was carried out on 409 children (222 boys and 187 girls) between 8 and 14 years old. Dental occlusion was assessed on the sagittal plane (Angle’s classification) the contact between the foot and the ground and the center of mass were evaluated using a stabilometric platform. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the plantigrade phase, the contact surface area and center of gravity. There was a prevalence of molar and canine Angle’s class II malocclusion. In molar class II, an anterior center of gravity was predominant, in class I it was centered and in class III, it was posterior. There was significant correlation between malocclusions and the FPI (foot posture index) of the left foot and the height of the scaphoid in the right foot (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Some authors agree with our results. There is still much uncertainty in terms of showing a relationship between both systems. In addition, there is scarce scientific evidence on the topic. Some kind of relationship between the two systems has been proven. Studies that evaluate a group of subjects in a longitudinal manner are necessary to enable the changes taking place in both systems to be defined.

The number of studies that investigate the correlations between the temporomandibular system and body posture, postural control, or the distribution of plantar pressure has recently been increasing. However, most of the existing information is not conclusive. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate if the features of dental malocclusion are correlated with body posture alterations at the lower limb level. This is a multicentre cross-sectional study with 289 children (8–14 years). Angle’s molar relation was analysed at the dental level. The postural control and the plantar pressure distribution were recorded via a force platform. Correlation and inferential analysis between the Angle class and the foot’s biomechanics were tested. The centre of gravity is anteriorised in Angle’s Class II in both the molar class (p ≤ 0.001) and the canine class (p ≤ 0.001). Likewise, a relationship was observed between the contact surface and Angle’s classes, being higher in class III than in II (p ≤ 0.001). The plantigrade phase is shortened in Angle’s Class III. A relationship was found between Angle’s Class II and a forward movement of the centre of gravity. No relationship was found between the Foot Posture Index and the truncated scaphoid height and the dental classification. An evident relationship between the gait typology and dental malocclusion was not found.

Objective: The incidence of abnormal breathing and its consequences on craniofacial development is increasing, and is not limited to children with adenoid faces. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cephalometric differences in craniofacial structures and head posture between nasal breathing and oral breathing children and teenagers with a normal facial growth pattern. Method: Ninety-eight 7---16 year-old patients with a normal facial growth pattern were clinically and radiographically evaluated. They were classified as either nasal breathing or oral breathing patients according to the predominant mode of breathing through clinical and historical evaluation, and breathing respiratory rate predomination as quantified by an airflow sensor. They were divided in two age groups (G1: 7---9) (G2: 10---16) to account for normal age-related facial growth. Results: Oral breathing children (8.0 ± 0.7 years) showed less nasopharyngeal cross-sectional dimension (MPP) (p = 0.030), whereas other structures were similar to their nasal breathing counterparts (7.6 ± 0.9 years). However, oral breathing teenagers (12.3 ± 2.0 years) exhibited a greater palate length (ANS-PNS) (p = 0.049), a higher vertical dimension in the lower anterior face (Xi-ANS-Pm) (p = 0.015), and a lower position of the hyoid bone with respect to the mandibular plane (H-MP) (p = 0.017) than their nasal breathing counterparts (12.5 ± 1.9 years). No statistically significant differences were found in head posture. Conclusion: Even in individuals with a normal facial growth pattern, when compared with nasal breathing individuals, oral breathing children present differences in airway dimensions. Among adolescents, these dissimilarities include structures in the facial development and hyoid bone position.

Objective: A study was made of the influence of breastfeeding and bottle feeding on development of the dental arches and occlusion in an infant population. Subjects and Methods: In total, 298 infants (163 girls and 135 boys) were selected from a series of 1,643 preschool children in Seville, Spain, evaluating the type of feeding received after birth (breastfeeding only or bottle feeding only), the duration of such feeding, and its influence upon the parameters that define occlusion of the dental arches. The study comprised a full exploration of the stomatognathic system of the infants and a questionnaire for the parents. SPSS Statistical Package software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL) was used to analyze the results. Results: In total, 109 children were exclusively breastfed (36.6%) for an average of 6.8±5.8 months, whereas 189 children were exclusively bottle fed (63.4%) for an average of 17.99±11.5 months. On comparing the occlusal parameters of the two groups, the most beneficial effects (straight terminal plane, canine class I relationship, diastemas, and primate spaces) corresponded to the infants who were breastfed. Conclusions: Breastfed infants show better development of the dental arches and a lesser incidence of dental occlusion disorders than bottle-fed infants.

Debido a las fundamentales implicaciones clínicas que ello tiene, muchos son los trabajos que, en los últimos años, han tenido como base el mejor conocimiento de esa vital estructura que hoy conocemos como complejo dentino-pulpar. Un complejo dentino-pulpar que, teniendo origen en el mesénquima embrionario que forma parte de la boca primitiva, más tar de, se mostrará como la verdadera unidad funcional y protectora del diente que es. Por ello, teniendo en cuenta que el presente trabajo de Tesis Doctoral estudia la posible inducción de dentina terciaria por extracto de Caléndula Officinalis Linné Europea en un modelo animal (Ratas Norvegicus Albinus), como introducción a la investigación propiamente dicha, nosotros hemos creído podría ser interesante recordar, aunque solo fuera someramente, las estructuras que forman dicho complejo, su desarrollo y funciones.