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Students' perception of educational climate influences academic performance, and its analysis provides essential information to improve it. To evaluate the perception of 3rd and 5th grade students regarding educational climate, before and during the pandemic. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed involving dental students, who answered the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire. The overall DREEM and its 5 subscales were analyzed evaluating two period times, before and during the pandemic. There were statistically significant differences when comparing the results obtained by 3rd and 5th grade students, before and during the pandemic, with effect magnitude from high to very high. It is noteworthy that 3rd graders have more positive perceptions compared to 5th graders. The 3rd year students felt more strongly the difficulties inherent to the COVID-19 pandemic. While in the 3rd year the students had less Educational Climate during the pandemic, the 5th year student had better Educational Climate in this period, perhaps because they maintain the face-to-face clinical classes. A negative point is associated with the scarce support system for students with stress problems. COVID-19 pandemic affected the perception of the Educational Climate, with a significant difference between of 3rd and 5th year dental students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the content validity of the preliminary core set for knee dysfunction based on the opinion of experts. A panel of 180 experts in knee disorders or on the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for musculoskeletal conditions was invited for this Delphi study. The experts gave their opinion on whether to include the categories of the preliminary core set for knee dysfunction in a more comprehensive core set, using a six-item Likert scale. Kappa coefficient was used to analyze the agreement between the experts, and a consensus of 75% among responses was considered acceptable. Nineteen experts participated in all rounds. Of the 24 categories from the preliminary core set for knee dysfunction, 15 remained in the comprehensive core set and one category was further detailed into three new categories. Seven new categories were included. Thus, the comprehensive core set for knee dysfunction was composed of 25 categories with an agreement of 81.5% among responses and a Kappa value of 0.63. After validation by experts, the comprehensive core set for knee dysfunction was composed of 25 categories that can be used to assess the functioning of patients with knee dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within emerging fields of research focusing on neuro‐urbanism, neuro‐geographies, and biosociality, which experiment with using emerging mobile biosensor methods, few if any have used them to research socio‐spatial life in communities that suffer high levels of violence and other socio‐spatial injustices. Extending non‐representational accounts of the body, emotions, and affect, this paper discusses an experimental geography–neuroscience collaboration, working in a favela of Rio de Janeiro to explore the embodied urban emotions and affects of violently bordered urban communities. Emphasising non‐representational, corporeal spatial practices in a study of women living in Brazil's favelas, we use electrodermal activity biosensors to propose a novel methodological and analytical approach that focuses on forms of affective debilitation and resilience. Theoretically, we draw on biopolitical theory and border theory to propose a method that avoids oppositions between biopolitical and necropolitical accounts of borders. The aim of the research, conducted in June 2016, is to understand levels of affective debilitation or resilience among women living in the Maré Complex of favelas in Rio de Janeiro. Using a wearable biosensor, we took measures of electrodermal activity of eight women as they undertook one of their routine, everyday journeys within the favela. We also conducted an hour‐long qualitative interview with each participant. We find that for all our participants, navigating the favela's violent border spaces subjects their bodies to very high levels of affective and cognitive demand. While some women responded to this with stress reactions that created acute levels of affective debilitation, others responded very strongly, showing exceptionally high levels of affective resilience. Our research highlights the affective labour required of women to co‐construct urban borders, and emphasizes their agency and forms of everyday resistance in shaping the favela's affective atmospheres. Combined biosensing (electrodermal activity/galvanic skin response) data and interview data reveal that women living in the favela experience high levels of stress and fear. For one resident this results in affective debilitation (a wounding of the capacity to affect and to be affected). However, other women showed exceptionally high levels of affective resilience and resistance. The research points to the important role of women in co‐constructing the embodied borders of the favela. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of Pilates versus aerobic exercises in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome from a societal perspective. Methods: This two‐arm randomized controlled trial with blinded assessor and economic evaluation included 98 patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome using the American College of Rheumatology 2010 criteria, aged between 20 and 75 years, and pain intensity ≥3 points in the Pain Numerical Rating Scale. Patients were randomly allocated into the aerobic or Pilates group. Treatment was performed twice a week for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the impact of fibromyalgia measured 8 weeks after randomization. Cost‐effectiveness and cost‐utility analyses were conducted for the impact of fibromyalgia and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), respectively, with a 12‐month time horizon. Results: There was no difference between the groups for the impact of fibromyalgia (MD: 6.5 points; 95% CI: −1.8 to 14.9). The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio showed that 1‐point increase in the impact of fibromyalgia was on average associated with a societal cost of £56 for the Pilates group compared to the aerobic group. The cost‐utility analysis showed that the Pilates group had a 0.71 probability of being cost‐effective at a willingness‐to‐pay of £30,000 per QALY gained. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between groups for the impact of fibromyalgia. Pilates was not cost‐effective compared to aerobic exercises for the impact of fibromyalgia. However, Pilates seemed to be the preferred option of treatment considering QALYs, although it depends on the willingness‐to‐pay threshold. Significance: Pilates showed to be a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Pilates presented similar results for the impact of fibromyalgia and superior results for pain relief compared to aerobic exercises, a highly recommended intervention for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome. Pilates was not cost‐effective compared to aerobic exercises for the impact of fibromyalgia. However, Pilates seemed to be a cost‐effective intervention for QALYs, depending on the decision‐maker's willingness‐to‐pay threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]