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31. Exopolymeric substances control microbial community structure and function by contributing to both C and Fe nutrition in Fe-limited Southern Ocean provinces

Author

Blanco Ameijeiras, Sonia, Cababes, Damien J. E., Cable, R., Trimborn, Scarlett, Jacquet, S., Wiegmann, Sonja, Völkner, Christian, Lelchat, Florian, Bracher, Astrid, Duhaime, Melissa, Hassler, Christel, Blanco Ameijeiras, Sonia, Cababes, Damien J. E., Cable, R., Trimborn, Scarlett, Jacquet, S., Wiegmann, Sonja, Völkner, Christian, Lelchat, Florian, Bracher, Astrid, Duhaime, Melissa, and Hassler, Christel

Abstract

Organic ligands such as exopolymeric substances (EPS) are known to form complexes with iron (Fe) and modulate phytoplankton growth. However, the effect of organic ligands on bacterial and viral communities remains largely unknown. Here, we assessed how Fe associated with organic ligands influences phytoplankton, microbial, and viral abundances and their diversity in the Southern Ocean. While the particulate organic carbon (POC) was modulated by Fe chemistry and bioavailability in the Drake Passage, the abundance and diversity of microbes and viruses were not governed by Fe bioavailability. Only following amendments with bacterial EPS did bacterial abundances increase, while phenotypic alpha diversity of bacterial and viral communities decreased. The latter was accompanied by significantly enhanced POC, pointing toward the relief of C limitation or other drivers of the microbial loop. Based on the literature and our findings, we propose a conceptual framework by which EPS may affect phytoplankton, bacteria, and viruses. Given the importance of the Southern Ocean for Earth’s climate as well as the prevalence of viruses and their increasingly recognized impact on marine biogeochemistry and C cycling; the role of microbe–virus interactions on primary productivity in the Southern Ocean needs urgent attention.

Published
2020

33. Assessment of a molten salt heat transfer fluid in a parabolic trough solar field

Author

Kearney, D., Herrmann, U., Nava, P., Kelly, B., Mahoney, R., Pacheco, J., Cable, R., Potrovitza, N., Blake, D., and Price, H.

Subjects
Solar energy storage -- Materials, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Environmental issues
Abstract

An evaluation was carried out to investigate the feasibility of utilizing a molten salt as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) and for thermal storage in a parabolic trough solar field to improve system performance and to reduce the levelized electricity cost. The operating SEGS (Solar Electric Generating Systems located in Mojave Desert, California) plants currently use a high temperature synthetic oil consisting of a eutectic mixture of biphenyl/diphenyl oxide. The scope of this investigation included examination of known critical issues, postulating solutions or possible approaches where potential problems exist, and the quantification of performance and electricity cost using preliminary cost inputs. The two leading candidates were the so-called solar salt (a binary salt consisting of 60% NaN[O.sub.3] and 40% KN[O.sub.3]) and a salt sold commercially as HitecXL (a ternary salt consisting of 48% Ca[(N[O.sub.3]).sub.2], 7% NAN[O.sub.3], and 45% KN[O.sub.3]). Assuming a two-tank storage system and a maximum operation temperature of 450[degrees]C, the evaluation showed that the levelized electricity cost can be reduced by 14.2% compared to a state-of-the-art parabolic trough plant such as the SEGS plants. If higher temperatures are possible, the improvement may be as high as 17.6%. Thermocline salt storage systems offer even greater benefits. [DOI: 10.1115/1.1565087]

Published
2003

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