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Hymenaster giboryi Perrier, 1894. AphialD: 124131. New record. (Fig. 3 a-d). Material examined 7 preserved specimens with register number (included station): 124131 -B79 (B11V05); 124131 - B80 (B11V08); 124131 -B81 (B11V10). ......Continued on the next page Diagnostic characters. Arms 5 and thin membrane with muscle fibre and fleshy bands and also spiraculaes (Fig. 3a). With 6 paxillar spines and 5 spines forming a wreath around the anus (Fig. 3b). Two oral spines and 2 suboral ones (Fig. 3c). With 2 rows of tubefeet, 2 adambulacral spines (Fig. 3d). Distribution. Atlantic Ocean, west of Ireland, between Azores and Portugal, north east of Newfoundland, Caribbean Sea, Cuba, Jamaica (Perrier, 1894; Mortensen 1927; Clark & Downey 1992; Mah, 2022; Obis, 2022). Bathymetric range. 1900 m (Mortensen 1927)– 4330 m (MNHN-IE-2019-5917 identified by Sibuet). Present study. 1565 – 1720 m. Remarks. Fifty-two species of Hymenaster Wyville Thomson, 1873 have been described. Five of them are present in the study area: Hymenaster giboryi, Hymenaster. pellucidus Thomson, 1873, Hymenaster rex Perrier, 1885, Hymenaster reticulatus Sibuet, 1976 and Hymenaster tenuispinus Sibuet, 1976. Hymenaster giboryi and H. pellucidus present 2 or 3 adambulacral spines while the rest varies in that number but always present more than two. In addition, they differ in the paxillar spines numbers, H. giboryi has 6 and H. pellucidus range from 2 to 5 (Clark & Downey, 1992)., Published as part of García-Guillén, Laura M., Macías-Ramírez, Aurora, Ríos, Pilar & Manjón-Cabeza, M. Eugenia, 2023, Deep-Sea asteroids (Echinodermata; Asteroidea) from the Galician Bank (North Atlantic Ocean), pp. 228-238 in Zootaxa 5297 (2) on pages 231-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7993146, {"references":["Perrier, E. (1894) Stellerides. Expeditions Scientifique Travailleur et du Talisman. G. Masson, Paris, 431 pp.","Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 30 (51), 1 - 893.","Perrier, E. (1884) Memoire sur les etoiles de mer recueillies dans la mer des Antilles et le golfe du Mexique: durant les expeditions de dragace faites sous la direction de M. Alexandre Agassiz. Archives Museum national d'histoire naturelle, France, 2 (6), 127 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 82184","Sars, M. (1861) Oversigt af Norges echinodermer. Udgiven af Videnskabsselskabet, Christiania, 160 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11254","Perrier, E. (1885) Premiere note Preliminaire des les Echinodermes, recueillis durant les campagnes de dragagessous-marines du Travailleur et du Talisman. Annales des sciences naturelles, Zoologie, 22 (8), 1 - 72.","Perrier, E. (1881) Report on the Results of dredging in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Caribbean Sea, 1877 - 79, by the United States Coastal Survey Steamer Blake. 14. Description sommaire des especes nouvelles d'Asteries. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 9, 1 - 31.","Gray, J. E. (1840) XXXII. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias, Linnaeus). Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 6 (37), 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443296","Sladen, W. P. (1883) The Asteroidea of H. M. S. Challenger Expedition, pt. 2. Astropectinidae. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 17, 214 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1883. tb 02022. x","Koehler, R. (1895) Dragages profonds executes a bord du Caudan dans le Golfe de Gascogne. Rapport preliminaire sur le Echinodermes. Revue biologique du Nord de la France, 7, 439 - 496.","Clark, A. H. (1916) A new starfish (Lydiaster americanus) from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 6, 141 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 10912","Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H. (1842) System der Asteriden. 1. Asteriae. 2. Ophiuridae. Vieweg, Braunschweig, 134 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11715","Cherbonnier, G. (1970) Podosphaeraster thalassae, nov. sp., espece actuelle d'Asterie de la famille jurassique des Sphaerasteridae. Comptes Rendus Academie des Sciences, 271, 203 - 206.","Mortensen, T. (1927) Handbook of the Echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, London, 1471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp.","Mah, C. L. (2022) World Asteroidea Database. Asteroidea de Blainville, 1830. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species. Available from: https: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = taxdetails & id = 123080 (accessed 12 December 2022)","Thomson, C. W. (1873) The Depths of the Sea. Macmillan and Co., London, 527 pp.","Sibuet, M. (1976) Le genre Hymenaster (Asterides) dans l'ocean Atlantique. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 3 (368), 305 - 324."]}

Circeaster americanus (A.H. Clark, 1916). AphialD: 178094. New record. (Fig. 2 a-d). Material examined. 1 preserved specimen with register number (included station): 178094 -B35 (B10DR15) Diagnostic characters. Five long arms (Fig. 2a). Abactinal plates: surrounded by granules and the centre of plates usually naked or sometimes with some scattered granules (Fig. 2a, b). Size of abactinal plates on arms larger than those on disk (Fig. 2a). Papulae single (Fig. 2b). Inferomarginal plates with 40–50 granules (Fig. 2c). Granules on actinal plates and bivalve or spatulate pedicellariae (Fig. 2d). Adambulacral plates: 4–7 furrow spines, 3–4 subambulacral spines and 6 oral spines (Fig. 2d). Distribution. Atlantic Ocean, south of Azores, North Carolina, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Guyana (A.H. Clark, 1916; Clark & Downey 1992; Mah 2022; Obis 2022). Bathymetric range. 500 m (Clark & Downey, 1992)– 2040 m (OBIS 14055 identified by Dilman). Present study: 1400 m. Remarks. There are no other similar species in GB that could be confused with C. americanus., Published as part of García-Guillén, Laura M., Macías-Ramírez, Aurora, Ríos, Pilar & Manjón-Cabeza, M. Eugenia, 2023, Deep-Sea asteroids (Echinodermata; Asteroidea) from the Galician Bank (North Atlantic Ocean), pp. 228-238 in Zootaxa 5297 (2) on page 231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7993146, {"references":["Clark, A. H. (1916) A new starfish (Lydiaster americanus) from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 6, 141 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 10912","Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp.","Mah, C. L. (2022) World Asteroidea Database. Asteroidea de Blainville, 1830. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species. Available from: https: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = taxdetails & id = 123080 (accessed 12 December 2022)"]}

García-Guillén, Laura M., Macías-Ramírez, Aurora, Ríos, Pilar, Manjón-Cabeza, M. Eugenia (2023): Deep-Sea asteroids (Echinodermata; Asteroidea) from the Galician Bank (North Atlantic Ocean). Zootaxa 5297 (2): 228-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5297.2.3

OBJECTIVE The percentage of women publishing high-impact neurosurgical research might be perceived as a representation of our specialty and may influence the perpetuation of the existing gender gap. This study investigated whether the trend in women taking lead roles in neurosurgical research has mirrored the increase in female neurosurgeons during the past decade and whether our most prestigious publications portray enough female role models to stimulate gender diversity among the new generation of neurosurgeons. METHODS Two of the most prominent neurosurgical journals-Journal of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery-were selected for this study, and every original article that was published in 2009 and 2019 in each of those journals was investigated according to the gender of the first and senior authors, their academic titles, their affiliations, and their institutions' region. RESULTS A total of 1328 articles were analyzed. The percentage of female authors was significantly higher in Europe and Russia compared with the US and Canada (first authors: 60/302 [19.9%] vs 109/829 [13.1%], p = 0.005; and senior authors: 32/302 [10.6%] vs 57/829 [6.9%], p = 0.040). Significantly increased female authorship was observed from 2009 to 2019, and overall numbers of both first and senior female authors almost doubled. However, when analyzing by regions, female authorship increased significantly only in the US and Canada. Female authors of neurosurgical research articles were significantly less likely to hold an MD degree compared with men. Female neurosurgeons serving as senior authors were represented in only 3.6% (48/1328) of articles. Women serving as senior authors were more likely to have a female colleague listed as the first author of their research (29/97 [29.9%] vs 155/1231 [12.6%]; chi(2) = 22.561, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although this work showed an encouraging increase in the number of women publishing high-impact neurosurgical research, the stagnant trend in Europe may suggest that a glass ceiling has been reached and further advances in equity would require more aggressive measures. The differences in the researchers' profiles (academic title and affiliation) suggest an even wider gender gap. Cultural unconscious bias may explain why female senior authors have more than double the number of women serving as their junior authors compared with men. While changes in the workforce happen, strategies such as publishing specific issues on women, encouraging female editorials, and working toward more gender-balanced editorial boards may help our journals to portray a more equitable specialty that would not discourage bright female candidates.

BACKGROUND: Intracranial iatrogenic aneurysms (IIAs) developing after external ventricular drain (EVD) placement or removal have been only rarely reported. Most of these reports assumed a traumatic etiology; however, some have demonstrated an inflammatory origin. We have presented the case of an IIA that developed after an EVD had been inserted to treat acute hydrocephalus secondary to a ruptured arteriovenous malformation. We also performed a literature review and discussed how these IIAs might have an inflammatory rather than a traumatic etiology and how they might lie behind some of the cases of idiopathic hemorrhage observed after EVD manipulation. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 48-year-old woman had presented with acute hydrocephalus secondary to bleeding from a vermian arteriovenous malformation. The EVD inserted for hydrocephalus management required several revisions because of malfunction. Four weeks later, a diagnostic arteriogram had incidentally revealed the existence of a 5-mm aneurysm in an anterior branch of the right callosomarginal artery, coincidental to the EVD trajectory. The patient underwent emergent endovascular treatment of the aneurysm, with complete occlusion and no complications deriving from the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: IIAs associated with EVD placement or removal have been described as a rare complication of the procedure. Despite the scarce number of cases reported and the lack of histological examinations, common features such as a distal location, an incidental diagnosis, and a benign clinical course might suggest a mycotic or inflammatory origin rather than a traumatic etiology. Considering the high volume of EVDs placed annually, this complication might be more frequent than reported. Further studies investigating the association of risk factors for inflammatory aneurysms and hemorrhage incidence after EVD could provide information on this intriguing topic.