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El presente proyecto se realizó con la finalidad de comprobar la hipótesis sobre la viabilidad comercial, técnica, financiera y social de la instalación de una planta para la producción de cultivos en granjas verticales. El crecimiento de la población, tendencia a la alimentación saludable y la escasez de tierras agrícolas se presentan como factores que justifican la evaluación de este proyecto. En el capítulo 2 la cartera de productos se determinó a partir de una encuesta, seleccionando las hortalizas que mayormente consume el público objetivo (hogares del NSE A, B y C1 de Lima Metropolitana). Como propuesta de valor se propuso priorizar el sabor, nutrición, inocuidad y el cuidado del medio ambiente usando la estrategia genérica de diferenciación. Se obtuvo una demanda de proyecto de 460,001 kg. de hortalizas al término del periodo del proyecto y los precios se definieron en base a la estrategia de paridad competitiva. La ubicación del proyecto resultó en la zona Lima Sur en el distrito de Lurín, entre los principales factores evaluados fueron los meteorológicos, horas de luz solar y precio de terrenos. El capítulo 4 detalla el factor limitante de producción, que concluye en el tamaño-mercado. En el capítulo 5 se desarrolla el diagrama de procesos de proyectos generalizado para las hortalizas seleccionadas. Se halló el cuello de botella, en el área de cosecha conduciendo a una capacidad de planta de 113UE/año. Al término del capítulo se muestra la distribución de planta resultando en un área total de 2837.63m2. Finalmente se desarrolla el presupuesto del proyecto, concluyendo en un retorno económico en 2 años y 8 meses de operación del proyecto. This project was carried out in order to test the hypothesis about the commercial, technical, financial and social viability of the installation of a plant for the production of crops in vertical farms. Population growth, a trend towards healthy eating and the scarcity of agricultural land are presented as factors that justify the evaluation of this project. Chapter 2 and the product portfolio, based on a survey, the vegetables that the target audience consumes the most (households of NSE A, B and C1 of Metropolitan Lima) are selected. As a value proposition, it was proposed to prioritize taste, nutrition, safety and care for the environment using the generic differentiation strategy. A project demand of 460,001 Kg of vegetables was obtained at the end of the project period and the prices were defined based on the competitive parity strategy. The location of the project was in the Lima Sur area in the Lurin district, among the main factors evaluated were meteorological, hours of sunlight and land prices. Chapter 4 details the limiting factor of production, which concludes in the size-market. Chapter 5 develops the generalized project process diagram for the selected vegetables. The bottleneck was found in the harvest area leading to a plant capacity of 113UE / year. At the end of the chapter, the plant distribution is shown, resulting in a total area of 2837.63m2. Finally, the project budget is developed, concluding in an economic return in 2 years and 8 months of project operation.

Systemic granulomatosis has already been reported in meagre larvae with an adequate feeding protocol and enrichment media preventing its appearance in the first weeks of life. Afterwards, the control of this disease could be prevented through nutritional components of the inert food, being the antioxidants the key to success. For this reason, in the present study, meagre larvae were reared from 30 days post hatching (dph) with five isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental microdiets with different levels of vitamin E and C: C- (40 mg kg-1 E, 100 mg kg-1 C), C+ (400 mg kg-1 E, 1,000 mg kg-1 C), Krill (400 mg kg-1 E, 1,000 mg kg-1 C and substitution of fish oil by krill oil), EC (200 mg kg-1 E, 500 mg kg-1 C) and EECC (800 mg kg-1 E, 2,000 mg kg-1 C). Prior to this, larvae were co-fed with rotifers and Artemia following a protocol which prevented the appearance of granulomas, as previously demonstrated. The substitution of fish oil by krill oil significantly increased levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 16.6 %) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 17.6 %) in meagre, consequently increasing the peroxidation index, which in turn translated into a higher incidence of granulomas. Although even low levels of vitamin E and C (40 mg kg-1 E, 100 mg kg-1 C; C-) allowed the adequate growth of larvae, these levels were not enough to prevent the appearance of granulomas, requiring superior levels of both antioxidant vitamins (800 mg kg-1 E and 2,000 mg kg-1 C) to mitigate systemic granulomatosis. This mitigation was simultaneous with the reduction of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARs content in larvae, which were highly correlated with the appearance of granulomas (R2=0.892, y=0.0446x+0.0756). A strong negative correlation was observed between the dietary levels of vitamin E (y = -0.0098x + 11.174, R2 = 0.8766, p value = 0.019, r = -0.93) and vitamin C (y = -0.0022x + 6.4777, R2 = 0.9278, p value = 0.003, r = -0.96) and the percentage of larvae with granulomas. The results showed that the occurrence of systemic granulomatosis seems to be associated to the larvae peroxidation status, so that high dietary levels of vitamin E and C (800 and 2,000 mg kg-1, respectively; Diet EECC), reduced lipid peroxidation and completely prevented the appearance of granulomas in meagre larvae at 44 dph.

Systemic granulomatosis is the most frequent disease in juvenile and adult meagre, but studies regarding the first appearance of granulomas in larvae do not exist. In order to evaluate this, meagre larvae were fed four different feeding regimes as follows: RS and RO (rotifer enriched with Easy DHA Selco or Ori-Green from 3-30 dph, respectively), RAS and RAO (rotifer enriched with Easy DHA Selco or Ori-Green from 3-21 dph and Artemia enriched with Easy DHA Selco or Ori-Green from 12-30 dph, respectively). All treatments were also fed with commercial microdiet from 20-30 dph. At 30 dph weight, length, specific growth rate and survival was significantly higher in Artemia-fed larvae, regardless of the enrichment. Microscopic first appearance of granulomas was observed in 20 dph larvae fed RS and RO. At 30 dph granulomas and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were significantly higher in RS and RO-fed larvae than in RAS and RAO-fed larvae. The results showed that granulomas first appeared in meagre larvae at 20 dph when fed rotifers only. Conversely, a reduced appearance of granulomas and lipid peroxidation occurs when Artemia is included in the feeding sequence reinforcing the hypothesis of a nutritional origin of the systemic granulomatosis.

The negative effects that infections with the coccidian parasite Aggregata octopiana has in cephalopods is widely known. However, the assessment of this pathology is fundamental to optimize the intensive culture of octopus. In the present report a total of 35 octopuses were studied, 6 coming from the wild, 5 grown in land tanks, 11 grown in benthic sea cages and 13 grown in floating cages. Each octopus was individually identified by a microchip and fed a fresh diet based on discarded bogue and crab during two months for then being sacrificed and sampled. Experimental animals were weighed weekly to calculate their growing rate and, at the end of the trial, segments from intestine, stomach and gills were fixed in buffered formalin for their histopathological evaluation. Furthermore, caecum smears were studied in fresh and after Giemsa staining. In each studied group the prevalence of infection was up to 70%, being 100% in the case of animals grown in land tanks. Weight gain was high, around 38 g.day(-1), excepting for animals grown in land tanks (only 9 g.day(-1)). Sexual and asexual reproductive forms of this parasite were observed in studied organs, being macroscopically observed as white nodules distributed all along the digestive tract. Histologically, lesions observed in intestines consisted of a marked dilatation of lamina propria and presence of a moderate inflammatory reaction at intestinal villi, which were invaded by parasitic structures. In gills, parasites were observed both in epithelial and connective tissue, generating haemocytic infiltrates. This paper reports the first description of an apicomplexan of the genus Aggregata in Octopus vulgaris from northeastern central Atlantic waters and proves that growing of octopus in cages is optimal for this species.