Search

Copyright of Forum Zaburzen Metabolicznych is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although research into the aetiology and pathogenesis of eating disorders has been ongoing for many years, it has not yet been possible to identify all the factors responsible for their development. Current research does not focus on a single risk factor, but looks for correlations between them. This article presents selected aspects of the pathogenesis and risk factors of specific eating disorders. Family and individual factors, social and cultural factors, and biological factors are described. Particular attention has been paid to the aspect of parenting styles and behaviours exhibited, e.g. excessive punishment and emotional coldness. The coexistence of personality disorders with specific and non-specific eating disorders is also described. The social aspect highlights the development of social media and their impact on self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, and promotion of pathological thinness. Cultural factors include progressive "westernisation" and the rapid increase in the prevalence of eating disorders in the areas of the world where they did not previously exist. Among biological factors, publications on appetite neuromodulators, genetic factors, gut microbiota disorders, and the so-called brain-gut axis were analysed. Modern science is not as yet able to answer the question of which of the mentioned factors has the greatest impact on the development of eating disorders, however, ongoing research offers hope for effective treatment of these diseases in the future. Knowing the factors predisposing to their occurrence will allow early identification of risk groups and undertaking preventive and therapeutic actions, including psychotherapy and pharmacothera [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The main aim of this study was to assess the effects of social and familial isolation due to COVID-19 on the mental well-being of patients staying in a residential medical care facility and evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic measures. Methods. The study was conducted among the patients of a residential medical care facility (58 patients). A short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess the severity of depressive disorders. The number of medical and psychological interventions during the individual months of isolation was also compared. Results. In February 2020, when there was no isolation, 87.9% of the study group did not suffer from depression compared to 72.4% during the period of full isolation. After introducing controlled methods for contacting loved ones, the number of individuals with no depressive symptoms increased again. A mean of 1.76 medical and 0.23 psychological interventions per one patient were conducted during the period of full isolation. Conclusions. The number of medical and psychological interventions was higher during the period of full isolation compared to months without compulsory isolation due to COVID-19. After the introduction of full isolation, the scores in the GDS were significantly higher, which means that the residents were at a higher risk of depressive disorders than in the months without isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medical Science Pulse is the property of Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Immunological, genetic, and environmental factors, including diet, play a part in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Metabolic syndrome or its components are frequent co-morbidities in persons with psoriasis. A change of eating habits can improve the quality of life of patients by relieving skin lesions and by reducing the risk of other diseases. A low-energy diet is recommended for patients with excess body weight. Persons suffering from psoriasis should limit the intake of saturated fatty acids and replace them with polyunsaturated fatty acids from the omega-3 family, which have an anti-inflammatory effect. In diet therapy for persons with psoriasis, the introduction of antioxidants such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, flavonoids, and selenium is extremely important. Vitamin D supplementation is also recommended. Some authors suggest that alternative diets have a positive effect on the course of psoriasis. These diets include: a gluten-free diet, a vegetarian diet, and a Mediterranean diet. Diet therapy for patients with psoriasis should also be tailored to pharmacological treatment. For instance, folic acid supplementation is introduced in persons taking methotrexate. The purpose of this paper is to discuss in detail the nutritional recommendations for persons with psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Orthorexia nervosa (ON), or the obsessive desire to eat only healthy foods, is closely linked to eating behaviors. Among adolescents, the risk of developing ON and its consequences, including weight loss and malnutrition, can be particularly significant due to the crucial impact of eating behaviors on an individual's psychophysical development., Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the eating behaviors of high school students and the risk of ON., Material and Methods: Observational study was conducted using the PAPI method among 514 students aged 14-19, of which 59.3% (N=305) were female. The research tool was a proprietary, validated questionnaire that included the ORTO-15 test (cutoff score=35) and the BSQFVF. The questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of consumption of selected food products, the level of dietary fiber intake, the quantity and regularity of meals consumed, as well as other eating behaviors of the participants. The individual responses were then analyzed according to the risk of ON using correlation coefficients., Results: The prevalence of ON risk was found to be 32.1% (N=165). The percentage of individuals at risk of ON was higher among vegetarians. The results regarding the frequency of consumption of animal protein sources, dietary fiber intake, the number of meals and their regularity were similar in both the group at risk of ON and the group not at risk. Over 80% of individuals who never consumed bars, gummies, and candies were at risk of developing ON., Conclusions: The risk of ON was higher among vegetarians. Individuals who excluded highly processed foods from their diet were more susceptible to developing ON.

Background: Acne is an inflammatory disease affecting adolescents during puberty, but also adults. Determinants of acne may include genetic predisposition as well as diet. The Western diet is rich in processed products with low nutrient density, resulting in a lack of supply of many essential minerals that are needed for the body to function properly., Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the dietary behaviour of people with acne vulgaris and respondents' selfassessment of the severity of acne lesions after consumption of selected products., Material and Methods: The study was carried out by means of an online, self-administered questionnaire, a link to which was inserted in group of people struggling with acne on a social network., Results: More than half of the respondents said that acne was present in their parents. Almost 91% of the women surveyed said that acne lesions were exacerbated before menstruation. Respondents were most often treated by a dermatologist. The most common foods consumed by the respondents were milk and milk products and wheat bread. The least frequently consumed products were: sultanas, cornflakes, alcohol and fizzy drinks. Statistical analysis showed a strong strength of association between consumption of white rice, fast food, omega-6-rich oils on the severity of acne lesions, while sultana consumption was very strong correlated. In addition, the study showed an almost certain correlation regarding the consumption of white flour pasta on acne lesions., Conclusions: Statistical analysis showed a relationship between the consumption of white rice, white flour pasta, fast food products, sultanas, oils rich in omega-6 fats and the exacerbation of acne lesions.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant threat in area of public health. In the light of dynamic increase of infections European countries decided to implement special safety measures in order to stop spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Reduction of the activity of shopping galleries, grocery stores and gastronomy directly impacted the change of consumer behaviours., Objective: The aim of this research was the analysis of consumer behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic regarding the use of gastronomical services, grocery shopping and undertaken safety measures., Material and Methods: The main instrument was original survey conducted on-line in November 2020. The form consisted of metrics and close-ended questions about consumer behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic. 1080 respondents took part in the study (females - 850; men - 230). Results were mapped out in Statistics 13.1 program and graphical representation was prepared in Microsoft Excel., Results: More than half of respondents were working people (n=629; 58%). Vast majority of working respondents during the study were working stationary (n=304; 48%), while remotely only 33% (n=208). Among young respondents almost half of the group was unemployed (n=158; 45%), while the rest of the group was employed (n=195; 55%). Professional activities in the group of respondents that were still learning was mostly stationary/ physic (n=57; 29%). During the pandemic the stationary form of working switched into remote in every third of respondent (n=307; 28%)., Conclusions: Global pandemic of COVID-19 forced people to change their current behaviours - both consumer and social. Consumers are aware of risks borne by SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may be concluded from undertaken safety measures., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest, (© Copyright by the National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute.)

Eating disorders are characterized by eating and appetite disorders, which develop on a mental basis. Currently, there is a rapid increase in the frequency of these disorders, especially among children and adolescents. Eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and EDNOS, which include a dozen or so disorders, but this group is still expanding. Eating disorders are characterized by the highest mortality rate among all mental illnesses. They mainly affect adolescents and young adults as well as the female sex, however, there are more and more cases among men and people from other age groups. Anorexia nervosa is the conscious reduction of food intake in order to reduce body weight. In this disorder there is abnormal body image, underweight and fear of weight gain. According to the American Psychiatric Association, there are two types of anorexia nervosa - restrictive (limiting) and bulimic (laxative). Bulimia nervosa is characterized by abnormal food intake (overeating) and co-occurrence of compensatory methods aimed at limiting the absorption of consumed food. These methods include: provoking vomiting, excessive physical effort, taking diuretics and laxatives. Among the eating disorders we also distinguish eating disorders not defined otherwise (EDNOS). This is a group of diseases in which pathological eating behaviour occurs, but they do not meet the diagnostic criteria of anorexia or bulimia. The diagnosis of eating disorders is difficult not only because of the lack of specialists dealing with this subject, but also because of the lack of public awareness of these diseases. That is why it is so important to educate both medical staff and the general public about eating disorders., (© 2020 MEDPRESS.)

Backgroun: Obesity is considered a disease. The treatment of obesity should include the modification of health behaviors in order to achieve long-term weight loss., Objectives: The comparison between traditional weight loss treatment with and without a motivational therapy., Materials and Methods: The study included 104 overweight women or women with obesity with a median age of 34. They were under the supervision of a dietician. The patients were divided into two groups: the standard group which was on an individualized and low-calorie diet developed by a dietitian and received substantial support, and the study group which additionally used motivational techniques., Results: Mean weight loss, mean reduction in waist measurement and body fat after a 5-month treatment were calculated. The mean body weight loss in control group was 10.56 kg (± 8.65), the waist measurement was 11.84 cm (± 10.62), and fat loss was 5.11 (± 3.17) kg on average - it corresponds to 8.02% (±6.55). The study in which additional motivational techniques were used, the mean weight loss was 17.31 kg (± 9.29), the waist measurement was 15.25 cm (± 8.28), and fat loss was 8.34 kg - it corresponds to 12.19% (± 7.32) of adipose tissue. All the differences between treatment results in both groups were statistically significant (p <0.05)., Conclusions: The dietary treatment process employing motivational techniques has greater therapeutic efficacy than a traditional approach.

Background: Excess body weight is one of the most common health and economic problems of the contemporary world. According to the assessments of the World Health Organization (WHO), almost billion adults are overweight and at least 300 million were diagnosed with clinical obesity. Health consequences of overweight are: ischemic heart disease, congestive cardiac failure, hypertension, arteriosclerotic vascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, tumours, degenerative joint disease and many more., Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the low-energy diet used in the period of 5 months by women and men treated from overweight or obesity in the diet centre., Material and Methods: The research included 296 overweight or obese patients, treated in the diet centre: (1) 104 women without co-morbidities, between 18 to 61 years old; (2) 58 women with the accompanying insulin resistance between 19 to 61 years old; (3) 49 women additionally suffering from hypothyroidism, between 19 to 61 years old; (4) 85 men without co-morbidities, between 19 to 62 years old. Treated patients were recommended the use of the low-energy diet, where 20% of energy came from protein, 30% of energy from fat and 50% of energy from carbohydrates. The energy content of the diet was considered to be dependent on the individual daily demand that was estimated taking into consideration the physical activity and that was reduced with 1000 kcal. Patients applied suggested reductive diet for 5 months., Results: The use of diet in each group brought positive results. In all groups, body fat decreased significantly after 5 months of dietary treatment. It has been shown to increase the average percentage of water content in the body of subjects. There was also an average reduction in total cholesterol, LDL, TG, glucose levels and increasing HDL for each group., Conclusions: Diet proceedings consisting in reduced energy value of the diet has a beneficial effect on reducing body mass, metabolic age, reducing BMI and influences the percentage change in body fat, causing its reduction, change in percentage of water content, leading to a slight increase in its levels in the body . In addition, favourably nutritional proceedings influenced the changes in blood levels of lipid indicators, thus reducing risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Background: Overweight and obesity are metabolic disorders affecting both adults and children. Effective treatment of these conditions is focused on decreasing the body mass, through individually tailored and well balanced diets, along with increasing physical activity. Obese persons often, however, choose high protein diets for losing weight. Recently in Poland, the high-protein Dukan-diet has become very popular., Objectives: To assess dietary consumption in women adopting the Dukan-diet, including intakes of protein, fat, carbohydrate as well as vitamins and minerals., Materials and Methods: Subjects were 51 women aged 19-64 years on the Dukan-diet, who were surveyed by individually conducted interview. Women were asked to provide typical menus from each phase of their diets. Quantitative dietary intake assessment was achieved by an officially used 'Photograph album of foodstuffs and dishes' as custom-designed by the National Food and Nutrition Institute (IZZ) in Warsaw., Results: Protein intakes in all subjects were excessive, especially those of animal origin when compared to recommended nutritional standards. In contrast, dietary carbohydrate intakes were low due to poor consumption of fruit and vegetables. Mineral and vitamin intakes revealed high potassium, iron and vitamins A, D and B2, but low vitamin C and folates. Women's average weight reduction after 8-10 weeks of dieting was approximately 15 kilograms., Conclusions: Many nutritional abnormalities were found in women on the high protein Dukan-diet. Adopting this diet in the long-term may pose health threats through acquiring kidney and liver disease, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.