346 results on '"CURING equipment"'
Search Results
2. Superabsorbent polymers as internal curing agents in alkali activated slag mortars.
- Author
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Oh, Sungwoo and Choi, Young Cheol
- Subjects
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SUPERABSORBENT polymers , *EXPANSION & contraction of concrete , *SLAG , *HYDRATION ,CURING equipment ,ENVIRONMENTAL aspects - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) as internal curing agents to mitigate the autogenous shrinkage of alkali activated slag (AAS) mortar. The autogenous shrinkage, compressive strength, hydration, and microstructural characteristics of AAS mortar with a couple of types of alkali activators with SAPs use were investigated. The test results showed that SAPs played an important role in reducing the shrinkage of AAS mortars, which has been a major limitation in their wider application. Higher reductions in porosity were observed for AAS pastes with SAPs compared with those without SAPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. COMPOSITE MATERIALS: Require Specialized Processing.
- Author
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Grande, Mike
- Subjects
CURING equipment ,COMPOSITE material manufacturing ,COMPOSITE materials ,VACUUM pumps ,VACUUM technology ,PUMPING machinery - Abstract
The article focuses on curing ovens specially designed for the curing of composite materials. Topics covered include growing applications of composite materials and the vacuum-bagging method for the manufacturing of composite materials, features that curing ovens must possess for performing the cure process for composite materials such as vacuum pumps and some optional features for composite cure ovens.
- Published
- 2019
4. Experimental Performance Evaluation of Pipelines Rehabilitated with Cured-In-Place Pipe Liner under Earthquake Transient Ground Deformations.
- Author
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Zilan Zhong, Filiatrault, Andre, and Aref, Amjad
- Subjects
CURING equipment ,PIPE design & construction ,POLYMERS ,SURFACE coatings ,COMPOSITE materials - Abstract
The cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) liner technology involves installation of flexible polymeric composite liners coated with thermosetting resin to the inner surfaces of existing pipelines. This innovative technology provides an efficient, economic, and environmentally friendly method for rehabilitation of structurally compromised underground pipelines without expensive and disruptive excavation. However, the unverified and unquantified seismic performance of CIPP liner-reinforced pipelines under earthquake transient ground deformations (TGD) remains a barrier to the deployment of this technology in seismically active regions. Full-scale quasi-static and dynamic tests were performed on five water-pressurized ductile iron (DI) pipelines, with 150-mm (6.0-in.) nominal diameter and 9.14-m (30-ft) nominal length, reinforced with one type of CIPP liner commonly used in engineering practice. This paper evaluates experimentally the behavior of the liner-strengthened DI pipelines under static loading and also quantifies their seismic response under TGD-induced tensile axial loads. The test results indicate that CIPP liner provides substantial longitudinal tensile stiffness and strength to the joints of DI pipelines and improves significantly their seismic behavior under high-intensity TGD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy approach to bulk tobacco flue-curing control process.
- Author
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Wu, Juan, Yang, Simon X., and Tian, Fengchun
- Subjects
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TOBACCO curing , *TOBACCO , *ODORS , *LEAVES ,CURING equipment - Abstract
Bulk tobacco flue-curing process significantly affects the quality and fragrance of cured tobacco leaves. The control of bulk tobacco flue-curing process is therefore quite important for tobacco industry. In this work, a neuro-fuzzy-based method for controlling bulk tobacco flue-curing process was proposed. In particular, an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was developed to predict the set point changing time. To illustrate the applicability and capability of the ANFIS model, the proposed approach was tested with a bulk tobacco flue-curing barn database, which included totally 574 data sets obtained in the four curing cycles. The results demonstrated that the proposed approach could be applied successfully and provide high accuracy and reliability for bulk curing barns. Furthermore, to analyze how input factors affect the bulk tobacco flue-curing control process, the selection of input linguistic factors was also discussed. The factors of color and curing phase were found to have the most substantial influence on curing control process. A comparative study among the proposed neuro-fuzzy approach and other related methods was also performed. Both the statistical measures and visual assessment illustrated that the proposed ANFIS method outperformed the other methods in this study, which further showed the effectiveness and reliability of the neuro-fuzzy approach to bulk tobacco flue-curing control process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Recent advances in bio-based epoxy resins and bio-based epoxy curing agents.
- Author
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Baroncini, Elyse A, Kumar Yadav, Santosh, Palmese, Giuseppe R, and Stanzione, Joseph F
- Subjects
CURING equipment ,EPOXY resins ,BIOMATERIALS ,THERMAL properties ,CHEMICAL synthesis ,VEGETABLE oils - Abstract
ABSTRACT The combination of awareness of harmful industrial processes and environmental issues and depleting petroleum-based resources has spurred much research in developing materials from renewable sources. Epoxy resins are common pre-polymers used in a variety of industries, such as adhesives, coatings, insulations, and high performance composites. To transform epoxy resins into crosslinked networks with desirable thermal and mechanical properties, the resins must be cured with a curing agent. This review encompasses recent developments using bio-based epoxy resins and bio-based epoxy curing agents. Resins and curing agents synthesized from modified plant oils, sugars, polyphenols, terpenes, rosin, natural rubber, and lignin are highlighted and their thermal and mechanical properties reviewed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44103. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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- View/download PDF
7. Composite Curing Oven Ordered by Airline.
- Subjects
CURING equipment - Abstract
The article evaluates composite curing ovens manufactured by Lewco Inc. and discusses features of the equipment.
- Published
- 2018
8. Flame-Retarded Epoxy Resins with a Curing Agent of DOPO-Triazine Based Anhydride.
- Author
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Wirasaputra, Alvianto, Yao, Xiaohao, Zhu, Yaming, Liu, Shumei, Yuan, Yanchao, Zhao, Jianqing, and Fu, Yi
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- *
EPOXY resins , *TRIAZINES , *ANHYDRIDES , *FIREPROOFING agents ,CURING equipment - Abstract
A 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-triazine based anhydride (2,4,6-tris-(DOPO-methylformatephthalic anhydride-phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine (TDA)) is synthesized and used as a halogen-free flame retardant co-curing agent for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A/methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (DGEBA/MHHPA) system. The conjugation of anhydride group is increased by the utilization of TDA, leading to the reduction in the curing activation energy. The cured epoxy resin passes V-0 rating of UL 94 test with the limiting oxygen index of 32.7 vol% when the phosphorus content is only 1.5 wt%. The flame-retarding action of triazine ring and DOPO moiety is investigated by the residue analysis and the characterization of pyrolysis gas. Due to the presence of bulky aromatic subunits in the molecular structure of TDA, the flame-retarded epoxy resins maintain the high glass transition temperature of DGEBA/MHHPA. Besides, the moisture absorption is diminished following the usage of TDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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9. Synthesis of a novel phosphorus-containing curing agent and its effects on the flame retardancy, thermal degradation and moisture resistance of epoxy resins.
- Author
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Zhang, Hongkun, Xu, Miaojun, and Li, Bin
- Subjects
FIREPROOFING agents ,PHOSPHORUS ,CHEMICAL synthesis ,CURING equipment ,EPOXY resins - Abstract
A novel phosphorus-containing compound diphenyl-(1, 2-dicarboxylethyl)-phosphine oxide defined as DPDCEPO was synthesized and used as a flame retardant curing agent for epoxy resins (EP). The chemical structure of the prepared DPDCEPO was well characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and
1 H,13 C and31 P nuclear magnetic resonance. The DPDCEPO was mixed with curing agent of phthalic anhydride (PA) with various weight ratios into epoxy resins to prepare flame retardant EP thermosets. The flame retardant properties, combustion behavior and thermal analysis of the EP thermosets were respectively investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning tests (UL-94), cone calorimeter measurement, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests. The surface morphologies and chemical compositions of the char residues for EP thermosets were respectively investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The water resistant properties of the cured EP were evaluated by putting the samples into distilled water at 70°C for 168 hr. The results revealed that the EP/20 wt% DPDCEPO/80 wt% PA thermosets successfully passed UL-94 V-0 flammability rating and the LOI value was as high as 33.2%. The cone test results revealed that the incorporation of DPDCEPO effectively reduced the combustion parameters of the epoxy resin thermosets, such as heat release rate and total heat release. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis test demonstrated that the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased with the increase of DPDCEPO content. The TGA results indicated that the incorporation of DPDCEPO promoted the decomposition of epoxy resin matrix ahead of time and led to a higher char yield and thermal stability at high temperatures. The surface morphological structures and analysis of the XPS of the char residues of EP thermosets revealed that the introduction of DPDCEPO benefited the formation of a sufficient, compact and homogeneous char layer with rich flame retardant elements on the epoxy resin material surface during combustion. The mechanical properties and water resistance of the cured epoxy resins were also measured. After water resistance tests, the EP/20 wt% DPDCEPO/80 wt% PA thermosets retained excellent flame retardancy, and the moisture adsorption of the EP thermosets decreased with the increase of DPDCEPO content in EP thermosets because of the existence of the P-C bonds and the rigid aromatic hydrophobic structure in DPDCEPO. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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10. Influence of light curing source on microhardness of composite resins of different shades Influência da fonte de luz polimerizadora na microdureza da resina composta de diferentes cores
- Author
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André Luiz Fraga Briso, Tânia Maria Fedel, Sibéria de Morais Pereira, Sílvio José Mauro, Renato Herman Sundfeld, and Maria Lúcia Marçal Mazza Sundefeld
- Subjects
Microdureza ,Fotopolimerizadores ,Resinas compostas ,Cores ,Microhardness ,Curing equipment ,Composite resins ,Shades ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The evolution of light curing units can be noticed by the different systems recently introduced. The technology of LED units promises longer lifetime, without heating and with production of specific light for activation of camphorquinone. However, further studies are still required to check the real curing effectiveness of these units. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the microhardness of 4 shades (B-0.5, B-1, B-2 and B-3) of composite resin Filtek Z-250 (3M ESPE) after light curing with 4 light sources, being one halogen (Ultralux - Dabi Atlante) and three LED (Ultraled - Dabi Atlante, Ultrablue - DMC and Elipar Freelight - 3M ESPE). METHODS: 192 specimens were distributed into 16 groups, and materials were inserted in a single increment in cylindrical templates measuring 4mm x 4mm and light cured as recommended by the manufacturer. Then, they were submitted to microhardness test on the top and bottom aspects of the cylinders. RESULTS: The hardness values achieved were submitted to analysis of variance and to Tukey test at 5% confidence level. It was observed that microhardness of specimens varied according to the shade of the material and light sources employed. The LED appliance emitting greater light intensity provided the highest hardness values with shade B-0.5, allowing the best curing. On the other hand, appliances with low light intensity were the least effective. It was also observed that the bottom of specimens was more sensitive to changes in shade. CONCLUSION: Light intensity of LED light curing units is fundamental for their good functioning, especially when applied in resins with darker shades.INTRODUCTION: A evolução dos aparelhos fotopolimerizadores pode ser notada nos diferentes sistemas introduzidos recentemente no mercado. A tecnologia apresentada pelos aparelhos LED promete maior tempo de vida útil, não gerar aquecimento e produzir luz específica para a ativação da canforoquinona. No entanto, ainda são necessários estudos complementares para se conhecer a real efetividade destes aparelhos na polimerização dos materiais. PROPOSTA: Neste trabalho foi verificada a microdureza de 4 cores (B-0,5, B-1, B-2 e B-3) da resina composta Filtek Z-250 (3M ESPE) quando polimerizadas com 4 fontes de luz, sendo uma halógena (Ultralux - Dabi Atlante) e três LED (Ultraled - Dabi Atlante, Ultrablue - DMC e Elipar Freelight - 3M ESPE). MÉTODOS: Os 192 corpos-de-prova foram distribuídos em 16 grupos e os materiais foram inseridos em único incremento em matrizes cilíndricas de 4mm X 4mm, sendo polimerizados pelo tempo preconizado pelo fabricante. Em seguida, foram submetidos ao teste de microdureza na superfície superior e inferior dos cilindros. RESULTADOS: Os valores de dureza obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey ao nível de 5%. Foi observado que a dureza dos corpos-de-prova variou conforme a cor do material e aparelhos utilizados. O aparelho LED que emite maior intensidade luminosa proporcionou a obtenção dos maiores valores de dureza, com o croma B-0,5 possibilitando a melhor polimerização. Por outro lado aparelhos com baixa intensidade luminosa foram os menos efetivos. Também foi observado que a região do fundo dos corpos-de-prova foi mais sensível à mudança das cores. CONCLUSÕES: A intensidade de luz dos fotopolimerizadores LED é fundamental para seu bom funcionamento, principalmente quando empregadas resinas com croma mais acentuado.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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11. Paint Jobs Speeded.
- Subjects
INFRARED radiation ,CURING equipment ,PAINT drying - Abstract
The article focuses on the applications of infra-red rays particularly in rubber, auto, and other industries. It says that the use of infra-red energy to speed up the curing of ham was being pushed by Fostoria Pressed Steel Corp. through its cooperation with Boston Edison Co. It states that the therapeutic lamps used to ease sore back were the root for the first application of infra-red rays. Furthermore, infra-red was use to dehydrate granular chemicals and to dry dipped latex products.
- Published
- 1940
12. Synthesis of a phosphorus and sulfur-containing aromatic diamine curing agent and its application in flame retarded epoxy resins.
- Author
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Xu, Miaojun, Zhao, Wei, Li, Bin, Yang, Kun, and Lin, Li
- Subjects
PHOSPHORUS ,SULFUR ,CHEMICAL synthesis ,DIAMINES ,EPOXY resins ,FIREPROOFING agents ,CURING equipment - Abstract
A novel curing agent of epoxy resins (EPO), bis(3-amino-2-thienyl) phenylphosphine oxide (ABTPPO), was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,
1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR),13 C NMR, and31 P NMR. ABTPPO was used as a flame retardant curing agent, and a novel halogen-free flame retardant EPO composite was prepared. The flame retardant properties of ABTPPO-cured EPO were evaluated in terms of limiting oxygen index and vertical burning test (UL-94), while the combustion and thermal degradation behaviors were investigated by cone calorimeter test (CONE) and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The cured EPO composite passed the UL-94 V-1 and V-2 rating when the sample thickness is 3.0 and 1.6 mm, respectively, and the limiting oxygen index value reached 38.3%. The morphological structures of char residue tested by scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that ABTPPO benefited to the formation of a more compact and homogeneous char layer on the materials' surface during burning, which protected the underlying matrix from decomposition and enhanced the flame retardancy of materials. The cured EPO showed excellent fire performance after the water resistance test because of the low water uptake (0.6 wt%), which demonstrated that the flame retardant EPO composite possessed excellent water resistance property. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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13. Nordson Corporation SWOT Analysis.
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CURING equipment ,CORPORATE debt ,BUSINESS expansion ,SURFACE preparation ,SWOT analysis ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
A business analysis for Nordson Corporation, a manufacturer and marketer of differentiated products and systems designed for precision dispensing, fluid management and curing, is presented. It focuses on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by the company. Strengths of the company include wide product portfolio and diversified geographic presence, while its weaknesses include increasing debt that limits business expansion.
- Published
- 2013
14. New products.
- Subjects
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DETECTORS , *CAMERAS ,CURING equipment - Abstract
The article offers brief information on several products including the Spark-DET-VIS spectral sensor from Ocean Optics, OmniCure AC8225-F ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) fiber curing system from Excelitas Technologies, and TeraFast linear terahertz camera from Terasense.
- Published
- 2015
15. The Backyard DIY Smokehouse.
- Author
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Gilara, Matt
- Subjects
CURING equipment ,SMOKING (Cooking) - Abstract
The article offers step-by-step instructions for making a cement block smokehouse.
- Published
- 2015
16. A Novel Technique to Fabricate a Customized Jig using Light Cured Resin Tray Material.
- Author
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Sandhu, R., Kantharia, N., Sethi, T., Harianawala, H., Kheur, M., and Jambhekar, S.
- Subjects
- *
ARTIFICIAL implants , *BIOMEDICAL materials , *ARTIFICIAL muscles , *DENTAL implants ,CURING equipment - Abstract
One of the most important determinants of the fit of an implant restoration is the accuracy of the impression. An accurate implant level impression would entail the correct three-dimensional recording of the implant position within the arch to the adjacent teeth and soft tissues and the transfer of this relation to the working cast. The complexity of the impression procedure is increased in cases involving multiple implants. Numerous techniques of impression making for multiple implants have been documented in the literature. This paper is a clinical report which describes a quick, simple and cost effective technique of splinting the implant impression copings to help transfer the coping accurately in the impression procedure for a case involving multiple implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
17. Processes and practices of flock printing.
- Author
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Das, Subrata
- Subjects
FLOCKING (Textiles) ,ADHESIVES ,COTTON ,SYNTHETIC textiles ,CURING equipment - Abstract
The article focuses on the processes and practices involved in flock printing, such as the milled and cut, in textile industry. Topics discussed include adhesives used in the process, printing screens, and the methods of multicolour flocking, which include multiple flocking, coverup flocking, and iris flock. Also mentioned are cotton or synthetic textiles, curing glue, and flocking machines.
- Published
- 2014
18. Optimization of Traditional Curing of Vanilla Beans.
- Author
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Bala, Krishna and Dunphy, Patrick
- Subjects
VANILLA ,CURING equipment ,CURING ,DRYING ,FERMENTATION ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
The article talks about the curing of vanilla beans through the traditional process of Bourbon. The main steps included are sunning, drying and conditioning further divided into blanching where the vanilla beans are immersed in hot water, fermentation which includes transferring the beans into a closed wooden box and sunning where the beans are dried in the sun. After this steps, the bean pods are slow dried and then packed into wooden boxes for conditioning.
- Published
- 2015
19. Estudio de la tecnología de concretos de contracción compensada aplicada a la construcción de pisos industriales.
- Author
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Gracia, Óscar, Quesada, Gonzalo, Gómez, Adriana, Santacruz, Andrés, and Arias, Liliana
- Subjects
- *
EXPANSION & contraction of concrete , *CRACKING process (Petroleum industry) , *CONCRETE mixing , *INDUSTRIAL applications , *DRYING ,CURING equipment - Abstract
This research involved the application of a shrinkage-compensating additive to a concrete mix, to reduce cracking due to shrinkage by drying in the construction of industrial floors. Thus, panels can be built up to ten times larger than the recommended size (3×3 m) for a thickness of 15 cm, based on the recommendations of ACI 360 and ACI 302. This can minimize the number of joints and also the problems of warping, leaking water and other liquids, chipping, and inadequate load transfer. The methodology consists in finding the optimum dose of additive, based on a mix design for a rupture modulus of 4.2 MPa, subjected to restricted expansion and contraction tests with various types of domestic cements and different percentages ofadditive dosing. Once all laboratory tests were carried out under the norm ASTM C878, it was found that the dosage of 9% of additive was adequate. Higher doses produce internal cracks in the concrete, and lower doses did not expand the concrete enough to offset the contraction of it. Following this, a 9 x 12 x 0.15 m slab without joints was built using the optimum shrinkage-compensating additivefound in the series of laboratory experiments. After implementing a curing process no cracks were generated during drying, verifying the laboratory results and leaving open the possibility to produce larger panels for industrial floors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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20. Adhesive Property of UV-curing Ink for Non-Porous Surface (I) --Influence of Di- and Tri-Functional Monomers.
- Author
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Kyoung-Mo JEONG and Ken'ichi KOSEKI
- Subjects
ADHESION ,CURING equipment ,ULTRAVIOLET curable adhesives ,INK ,CHEMICAL structure - Abstract
The aim of this research is to evaluate the adhesive property of UV-curing ink on a non-porous surface. Generally speaking, it seems that surface tension and shrinkage of functional monomers are very important factors for a good adhesive property of the cured film. We found that the flexibility of the cured film is influenced by the chemical structure of both di- and tri-functional monomers. The flexibility seems to be crucial in improving bonding strength. It is important for the tri-functional monomer to have long-chain spacer groups in order to get a good adhesive property. Meanwhile, difunctional monomers having long-chain spacers, tend to form a dense network structure among the ink components. In this case, the cured films show a poor adhesive property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Real-time measurement system for tracking birefringence, weight, thickness, and surface temperature during drying of solution cast coatings and films.
- Author
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Unsal, E., Drum, J., Yucel, O., Nugay, I. I., Yalcin, B., and Cakmak, M.
- Subjects
- *
MONOMERS , *ULTRAVIOLET radiation , *PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION , *PHOTOCHEMISTRY ,CURING equipment - Abstract
This paper describes the design and performance of a new instrument to track temporal changes in physical parameters during the drying behavior of solutions, as well as curing of monomers. This real-time instrument follows in-plane and out-of-plane birefringence, weight, thickness, and surface temperature during the course of solidification of coatings and films through solvent evaporation and thermal or photocuring in a controlled atmosphere. It is specifically designed to simulate behavior of polymer solutions inside an industrial size, continuous roll-to-roll solution casting line and other coating operations where resins are subjected to ultraviolet (UV) curing from monomer precursors. Controlled processing parameters include air speed, temperature, initial cast thickness, and solute concentration, while measured parameters are thickness, weight, film temperature, in-plane and out-of-plane birefringence. In this paper, we illustrate the utility of this instrument with solution cast and dried poly (amide-imide)/DMAc (Dimethylacetamide) solution, water based black paint, and organo-modified clay/NMP (N-Methylpyrrolidone) solution. In addition, the physical changes that take place during UV photo polymerization of a monomer are tracked. This instrument is designed to be generic and it can be used for tracking any drying/swelling/solidification systems including paper, foodstuffs such as; grains, milk as well as pharmaceutical thin paste and slurries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Innovative Semi-Analytical Methodology to Predict Automobile Body Temperature Distribution in the Curing Ovens.
- Author
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Hanafizadeh, P., Sajadi, B., and Saidi, M.H.
- Subjects
- *
AUTOMOBILE bodies , *ELECTROPHORETIC deposition , *NONLINEAR differential equations , *HEAT transfer ,CURING equipment - Abstract
In automobile painting industries, new automobile body products frequently should be tested in order to determine the actual thermal behavior of a paint curing process before starting mass production. During the hardening processes of dipped paint coating, applied in the electrophoretic enameling process, or top paint coating, applied in the final coating process, the automobile body must be warmed up according to the specific paint manufacturer curve. Consequently, prediction of car body temperature during the curing process may be vital in the design and performance analysis of the paint ovens. Numerical simulation of these processes may reduce expensive and time-consuming experimental procedures. In this research, a novel semi-analytical approach has been developed to predict the car body temperature during the curing process. Considering energy balance for each part of the body, a set of nonlinear differential equations has been extracted, which are related to the oven type and the heating zone. These equations may be solved numerically to find the transient temperature profile of the car body, provided that the required parameters are measured through experimental investigation. The results show that the present model predictions are in reasonably good agreement with experimental data, and this can be used as a robust efficient approach to distinguish overall thermal behavior of the car body during curing process. This research and its results may be useful in getting better understanding of the heat transfer mechanisms in the paint curing ovens and in optimizing their structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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23. Low coefficient of thermal expansion of thermoset composite materials.
- Author
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Rhoney, I and Pethrick, R A
- Subjects
CURING equipment ,SILICA ,FILLER materials ,EPOXY resins ,THERMAL analysis ,COMPOSITE materials - Abstract
Selection of the correct resin – filler combination is important in achieving materials which have a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). A study of nanosilica-modified resin, in combination with silica fillers, allows low levels of CTE to be achieved. In this study, a novel curing agent, ytterbium triflate, is reported. This curing agent provides a stable catalyst system which can be used to create the viscous composite mixtures but has the facility of effective cure over a relatively narrow temperature range from 70 °C to 100 °C. A series of formulations were examined based on incorporation of fillers with nanoscale silica particles into either the pure resin or a resin which contained nanoscale functionalized silica particles. The filler incorporation leads to a significant increase in the glass transition temperature as determined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The CTE was observed to be lower below Tg than above it. Changing the nanosilica particle size and distribution produced significant changes in the values. However, the CTE scaled according to the total silica content; and the values were in general lower than those calculated theoretically. The use of a highly functional o-cresol epoxy novolac demonstrated how increasing functionality raised the Tg and lowered the CTE, but the use of too high a post-cure temperature reversed this trend. Very good results were achieved using 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl, 3,4 epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, which has a low viscosity and allowed high levels of silica to be readily achieved. This article indicates how the adjustment of the epoxy selected to be used as the base material and the type of silica particles used allows the values of Tg and CTE to be modified in a composite material. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Comparison of temperature rise in the pulp chamber with different light curing units: An in-vitro study.
- Author
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Ebenezar, A. V. Rajesh, Anilkumar, R., Indira, R., Ramachandran, S., and Srinivasan, M. R.
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TEMPERATURE measurements ,CURING equipment ,QUARTZ ,TUNGSTEN ,HALOGENS ,LIGHT emitting diodes ,PULSE modulation ,THERMOCOUPLES ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Aims/Objectives: This in vitro study was designed to measure and compare the temperature rise in the pulp chamber with different light curing units. Materials and Methods: The study was done in two settings-in-vitro and in-vivo simulation. In in-vitro setting, 3mm and 6mm acrylic spacers with 4mm tip diameter thermocouple was used and six groups were formed according to the light curing source- 3 Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen (QTH) units and 3 Light-Emitting-Diode (LED) units. For the LED units, three modes of curing like pulse-cure mode, fast mode and ramp mode were used. For in-vivo simulation, 12 caries free human third molar tooth with fused root were used. K-type thermocouple with 1 mm tip diameter was used. Occlusal cavity was prepared, etched, rinsed with water and blot dried; bonding agent was applied and incremental curing of composite was done. Thermal emission for each light curing agent was noted. Results: Temperature rise was very minimal in LED light cure units than in QTH light cure units in both the settings. Temperature rise was minimal at 6mm distance when compared to 3 mm distance. Among the various modes, fast mode produces the less temperature rise. Temperature rise in all the light curing units was well within the normal range of pulpal physiology. Conclusion: Temperature rise caused due to light curing units does not result in irreversible pulpal damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Effect of preliminary irradiation on depth of cure and hardness of a veneering composite.
- Author
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Matsumoto, Yoshifumi, Furuchi, Mika, Koizumi, Hiroyasu, and Matsumura, Hideo
- Subjects
DENTAL veneers ,IRRADIATION ,POLYMERIZATION ,POLYTEF ,SPECTRAL irradiance ,HOMOGENEITY ,CURING equipment ,RADIATION curing ,PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of preliminary irradiation on the depth of cure and Knoop hardness of a veneering composite. The composite was filled into a mold, and irradiated with different irradiation duration or irradiance. After removing the mold, the depth of cure was measured, and the Knoop hardness number at each depth was determined and statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test. Depth of cure of the composite polymerized by the Sublite S unit with a distance of 15 cm for 30 or 60 s was less than 2.0 mm. The Knoop hardness number of the group polymerized by the Hyper LII unit without preliminary irradiation and the group polymerized by the Sublite S unit with a distance of 3 cm was higher than that of the group polymerized by the Sublite S unit for 90 s or the group polymerized by the Solidilite unit, respectively, even though the depth of cure for these four groups was higher than 2 mm. Preliminary irradiation with long duration and low irradiance caused a low degree of polymerization, which is probably effective in enhancing the bond strength between veneering composite and cast framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Response of THP-1 monocytes to blue light from dental curing lights.
- Author
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WATAHA, J. C., LEWIS, J. B., LOCKWOOD, P. E., NODA, M., MESSER, R. L., and HSU, S.
- Subjects
- *
MONOCYTES , *BLUE light , *LIGHT sources , *CYTOKINES , *DENTISTRY ,CURING equipment - Abstract
Blue light curing units (wavelengths of 400–500 nm) are a mainstay of restorative dentistry, and several high-intensity light sources have been developed to polymerize resin composites more rapidly. The biological safety of visible light has been assumed, but some reports of adverse biological effects of blue light in non-dental contexts support further evaluation of the biological safety of high-intensity blue light. The current study tested the hypothesis that blue light provokes cell stress responses resulting in the secretion of cytokines or expression of heat-shock proteins (HSP) in monocytes. Human monocytic cells were irradiated with three light sources (quartz-tungsten-halogen, plasma-arc and laser), then cellular proliferation, secretion of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα and induction of HSP72 were measured. Results indicated that although all three light sources significantly inhibited proliferation of monocytes, the secretion of TNFα was not induced following exposure to blue light and was not potentiated with administration of the activator lipopolysaccharide. Similarly, treatment with the plasma-arc light, which caused the largest temperature increase in previous studies, did not induce HSP72. The current results do not support activation of monocytes by blue light as an inflammatory risk factor in dental tissues during curing of composites. However, the results of the current study should be further verified in primary monocytes and an animal model before decisions about clinical risks are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Effects of traffic vibration on curing concrete stitch: Part I — test method and control program
- Author
-
Kwan, A.K.H. and Ng, P.L.
- Subjects
- *
CONCRETE , *TESTING equipment , *METHODS engineering ,CURING equipment - Abstract
Abstract: When a bridge is widened by constructing a new deck and casting a concrete stitch between the existing deck and the new deck, it is often required to maintain traffic without interruption and as a result the curing concrete stitch would be subjected to traffic induced vibration. A number of experimental investigations had been carried out in the past to study the effects of traffic vibration on curing concrete stitches but widely different results were obtained by different researchers due to the different test methods and equipment used. In fact, in the previous investigations, two important loading conditions have not been properly simulated: (1) the concrete stitch should be subjected to contraflexural loading; and (2) the loading transmitted to the concrete stitch should change as the stiffness of the concrete stitch increases with time. Herein, a new test method that the authors have recently developed for application to several bridge widening projects is presented. In this test method, the above loading conditions are simulated and the applied deflection/loading is real time computer controlled by an impedance dependent control program. The test results so obtained are presented and studied in the accompanying paper (i.e. Part II). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Using Octa(aminpropyl)silsesquioxane as the Curing Agent for Epoxy Resin.
- Author
-
Zengping Zhang, Xiaolei Wang, Jianqiang Xie, and Gouzheng Liang
- Subjects
- *
AMINES , *EPOXY resins , *BISPHENOL A , *EPOXY compounds ,CURING equipment - Abstract
Octa(aminpropyl)silsesquioxane (NH2CH2CH2CH2)8Si8O12 (POSS-NH2), containing eight amine groups on the vertexes, was first used as the curing agent for epoxy resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A(DGEBA) in order to improve the overall performance of epoxy resins, such as mechanical properties, thermal resistance and dielectric properties. The disappearance of epoxy groups on the FT-IR spectra at the end of the curing process indicated that epoxy groups reacted with POSS to form a three-dimensional crosslinking network, and the epoxy resin was completely cured. Properties of the cured DGEBA/POSS nanocomposite containing 30wt% of POSS-NH2 were studied. SEM images of the flexural fractures of epoxy/POSS system indicated that the inorganic-organic materials possessed excellent toughness. TGA analysis revealed that the cured network showed enhanced thermal stability with respect to the cured DGEBA/DDS system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. UV nanoimprint materials: Surface energies, residual layers, and imprint quality.
- Author
-
Schmitt, H., Frey, L., Ryssel, H., Rommel, M., and Lehrer, C.
- Subjects
LITHOGRAPHY ,CURING equipment ,SURFACE tension ,SURFACE energy ,VISCOSITY - Abstract
UV nanoimprint lithography is attracting more and more interest, because it has the potential of becoming a high-resolution, low-cost patterning technique. The availability of suitable UV curing materials is mandatory for successful imprinting. Within this work, a systematic investigation of commercially available photocuring materials was conducted to provide an overview of the properties of these materials. Their wetting behavior with respect to different substrate surfaces was characterized and their surface tensions were determined from their contact angles against two specifically selected solid surfaces: This method is presented here for the first time. The adhesion properties of the UV curing materials to different substrate surfaces and to the mold were investigated and necessary curing times were estimated. Additionally, the dependence of the residual layer thickness on the viscosity and the initial dispensed volume of UV curing materials was analyzed. It was found that the resist formulation of the UV curing materials strongly influences the surface tension as well as the adhesion to different substrate surfaces. Furthermore, the experiments verified that the thickness of the residual layer for UV curing materials increases with the square root of their viscosity which is predicted by theory. To demonstrate the suitability of the UV curing materials, first imprints with the prototype imprint tool, Nano Patterning Stepper 300 from Süss MicroTec, with pattern sizes down to 50 nm are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Drying Kinetics of Mate Leaves in a Packed Bed Dryer
- Author
-
Zanoelo, E.F., di Celso, G.M., and Kaskantzis, G.
- Subjects
- *
AGRICULTURAL equipment design & construction , *AGRICULTURAL equipment , *EVAPORATION (Chemistry) ,CURING equipment - Abstract
A factorial design of experiments was carried out to obtain effective mass transfer coefficients in a packed bed dryer of mate leaves by varying mass velocities from 0·09 to 1·04kgm−2 s−1 at the temperatures of 50 and 103°C, respectively. The mass transfer coefficients were tuned on transient experimental moisture content profiles by using the semi-empirical model of Lewis to represent the transport of water from the leaves. An empirical equation in terms of coded independent variables varying from −1 to +1 was tuned on the calculated transport property. The parameters estimated in this regression model, which are related to the effects of the drying temperature and airflow rate, suggest a significant influence of both these factors on the mass transfer coefficient. The drying thermal efficiency, defined as the ratio of heat energy utilised in the process to that supplied to the dryer, was obtained in the range of operating conditions investigated in this study. The results indicate that a drying thermal efficiency of 50% is available at the typical drying temperatures in the mate industry (100°C) if a value of mass velocity in the order of 0·1kgm−2 s−1 is set. This means that an energy consumption of only 6·8GJ is necessary for every tonne of dry mate produced. A comparison between these data and the experimental results of thermal efficiency measured at mate factories (11% or 31GJt−1 [dried mate]) draw attention to the huge energy savings achievable by adopting the optimum drying conditions suggested in this investigation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Canola cultivars differ in nitrogen utilization efficiency at vegetative stage
- Author
-
Svečnjak, Zlatko and Rengel, Zdenko
- Subjects
- *
BIOLOGICAL variation , *CULTIVARS , *PLANT shoots ,CURING equipment - Abstract
Abstract: Previous research indicated genotype-specific responses in nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) for oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), but mechanisms behind those differences are unknown. Our objective was to determine whether cultivar variations in NUE (dry matter production per unit of N absorbed) could be related to the differences in N and nitrate uptake and partitioning. Four Australian spring canola cultivars (Eyre, Charlton, Pinnacle and Rainbow) were grown in glasshouse under conditions of low- and high-N supply. All cultivars were at the same growth stage when harvested 60 days after sowing (rosette stage with five leaves at low-N supply and nine leaves at high-N supply). Cultivars significantly differed in total N uptake in roots and shoots, but not when the whole plants were considered. Although all cultivars had similar total N uptake per plant, significant differences in NUE existed because of differences in plant biomass. N-efficient cultivars Charlton and Rainbow produced larger plant biomass and had lower N concentration in various aboveground plant parts (including dead leaves) than N-inefficient cultivars Pinnacle and Eyre. Nitrogen concentration in roots did not differ significantly among cultivars. Regardless of N supply, N concentrations in various plant parts were in the order: young blades>old blades>roots>young petioles>stems>old petioles>dead leaves. No significant variation in nitrate-N concentration in roots or various aboveground plant parts was found among tested cultivars. The absence of cultivar×N treatment interaction for plant dry weight, N concentration, N uptake, and consequently NUE, clearly indicated that cultivars that performed best at high-N supply also showed similar responses under N-deficient conditions. Despite similar total N uptake per plant, significant differences in NUE existed because more N-efficient cultivars produced larger plant biomass and tended to have lower N concentrations in all plant parts (except roots) compared with less N-efficient cultivars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. UV curing systems for automotive refinish applications
- Author
-
Stropp, J.P., Wolff, U., Kernaghan, S., Löffler, H., Osterhold, M., and Thomas, H.
- Subjects
- *
FINISHES & finishing , *AUTOMOBILE repair , *REPAIRING ,CURING equipment - Abstract
Abstract: The combination of the UV flash equipment, which generates UV flashes in short intervals with a high and homogenous energy density, with UV curing systems for automotive refinish leads to a perfectly suitable procedure especially for spot- and micro-repair applications. The UV curing refinish primer technology is well introduced in the market and the repair process time can be reduced by up to 50% compared to conventional systems. The visualization of the reaction grade and speed of the UV-induced radical polymerization is important for development. The skillful combination of the UV flash equipment with a FTIR instrument enables real-time measurements under application oriented UV curing conditions. The influence of applied UV intensity, oxygen inhibition and effectiveness of the polymerization reaction is investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Mechanical Properties of An Experimental Soft Lining Material Based on Urethane Oligomer.
- Author
-
KANIE, Takahito, KADOKAWA, Akihiko, ARIKAWA, Hiroyuki, FUJII, Koichi, and BAN, Seiji
- Subjects
VISCOSITY ,MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,CURING equipment ,URETHANES ,OLIGOMERS ,STRENGTH of materials ,DENTAL bonding - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the apparent viscosities and mechanical properties of two experimental light curing soft lining materials (SLM-1 and SLM-2) based on soft-type urethane oligomers, as well as the shear bond strength and dye penetration between the denture base resin and the polymerized SLMs after storage in water. The apparent viscosities of SLM-1 and SLM-2 were 144.0-146.9 and 1.9 Pa · s respectively. After storage in water for two prescribed periods (one day and three months), the mechanical properties of the SLMs on the overall were 10.6-20.6 MPa for elastic modulus, 69.3-72.1 for hardness, and 3.8-4.0 MPa for adhesive strength. Tensile strength was observed to decrease after three months' storage in water, when compared to that after one-day storage (p<0.01). Water sorption rates also differed significantly (p<0.05) -- namely 3.0 and 2.8 mg/cm² for SLM-1 after one day and three months respectively, and 2.0 and 2.2 mg/cm² for SLM-2. As for dye penetration, no infiltration was observed at the denture base resin-SLM interface after three months' storage. Based on the results of this study, it seemed like the SLMs possess many suitable properties for use with a new technique that we recently developed for preparing denture base resin and soft lining material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Focus on Materials.
- Author
-
Rubin, Lawrence G.
- Subjects
- *
SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments , *RAMAN spectroscopy , *POLYMERS ,CURING equipment - Abstract
Evaluates several scientific equipment and supplies. Surface enhanced Raman substrates from Mesophotonics Ltd.; Biodegradable specialty polymers from Polysciences Inc.; Aquawhite 100 curing agent from Air Products and Chemicals.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Influence of Curing Lights and Modes on Cross-link Density of Dental Composites.
- Author
-
Yap, A. U. J., Soh, M. S., Han, V. T. S., and Siow, K. S.
- Subjects
DENTAL research ,COMPOSITE materials ,CURING equipment ,PHOTOTHERAPY ,ANALYSIS of variance ,HARDNESS testing ,CROSSLINKING (Polymerization) - Abstract
This study investigated the influence of curing lights and modes on the cross-link density of dental composites. Four LED/halogen curing lights (LED-Elipar Freelight [FL], 3M-ESPE and GC e-light [EL], GC; high intensity halogen-Elipar Trilight [TL], 3M-ESPE; very high intensity halogen-Astralis 10 [AS], Ivoclar Vivadent) were selected for this study. Pulse (EL1), continuous (FL1, EL2, TL1), turbo (EL3, AS) and soft-start (FL2, EL4, TL2) curing modes of the various lights were examined. A conventional, continuous cure halogen light (Max [MX], Dentsply-Caulk) was used for comparison. Six composite (Z100, 3M-ESPE) specimens were made for each light-curing mode combination. After polymerization, the specimens were stored in air at 37°C for 24 hours and subjected to hardness testing using a digital microhardness tester (load=500g; dwell time=15 seconds). The specimens were then placed in 75% ethanol-water solution at 37°C for 24 hours and post-conditioning hardness was determined. Mean hardness (HK)/change in hardness (ΔHK) was computed and the data subjected to analysis using one-way ANOVA/Scheffe's test and Independent Samples t-test (p<0.05). Softening upon storage in ethanol (ΔHK) was used as a relative indication of cross-link density. Specimens polymerized with AS, TL2 and all modes of both LED lights were significantly more susceptible to softening in ethanol than specimens cured with MX. No significant difference in cross-link density was observed among the various modes of EL and FL. For TL, curing with continuous mode resulted in specimens with significantly higher cross-link density than curing with the soft-start mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
36. Effect of Disposable Infection Control Barriers on Light Output from Dental Curing Lights.
- Author
-
Scott, Barbara A., Felix, Corey A., and Price, Richard B. T.
- Subjects
DENTAL equipment ,CURING equipment ,SPECTRUM analysis ,ANALYSIS of variance ,SPECTROMETERS ,LIGHT filters ,DENTAL resins - Abstract
Purpose: To prevent contamination of the light guide on a dental curing light, barriers such as disposable plastic wrap or covers may be used. This study compared the effect of 3 disposable barriers on the spectral output and power density from a curing light. The hypothesis was that none of the barriers would have a significant clinical effect on the spectral output or the power density from the curing light. Methods: Three disposable barriers were tested against a control (no barrier). The spectra and power from the curing light were measured with a spectrometer attached to an integrating sphere. The measurements were repeated on 0 separate occasions in a random sequence for each barrier. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher's protected least significant difference test showed that the power density was significantly less than control (by 2.4% to 6.1%) when 2 commercially available disposable barriers were used (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the power density when general-purpose plastic wrap was used (p > 0.05). The effect of each of the barriers on the power output was small and probably clinically insignificant. ANOVA comparisons of mean peak wavelength values indicated that none of the barriers produced a significant shift in the spectral output relative to the control (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Two of the 3 disposable barriers produced a significant reduction in power density from the curing light. This drop in power was small and would probably not adversely affect the curing of composite resin. None of the barriers acted as light filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
37. Light-Emitting Diode Technology for Orthodontic Bonding.
- Author
-
Cacciafesta, Vittorio, Sfondrini, Maria Francesca, Jost-Brinkmann, Paul-Georg, and Boehme, Andreas
- Subjects
LIGHT emitting diodes ,COMPOSITE materials ,CURING equipment ,ELECTROLUMINESCENT devices ,ORTHODONTICS - Abstract
The article examines the effectiveness of light-emitting diode (LED) technology as a tool in curing dental composites. The authors reveal that LED sources can produce a depth of cure that is greater than that achieved with a conventional halogen light. They also describe the GC E-Light* which contains an array of 64 F-grade LEDs that can produce an intensity as high as 1,500mW/cm
2 .- Published
- 2002
38. Microhardness of Resin Composites Polymerized by Plasma Arc or Conventional Visible Light Curing.
- Author
-
Park, S. H., Krejci, I., and Lutz, F.
- Subjects
MICROHARDNESS ,COMPOSITE materials research ,DENTAL resins ,HARDNESS testing ,CURING equipment ,PLASMA polymerization - Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of the plasma arc curing (PAC) unit for composite curing. To compare its effectiveness with conventional quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) light curing units, the microhardness of two composites (Z100 and Tetric Ceram) that had been light cured by the PAC or QTH units, were compared according to the depth from the composite surface. In addition, linear polymerization shrinkage was compared composites using a custom-made linometer between composites which were light cured by PAC or QTH units. Measuring polymerization shrinkage for two resin composites (Z100 and Tetric Ceram) was performed after polymerization with either QTH or PAC units. In the case of curing with the PAC unit, the composite was light cured with Apollo 95E for two (Group 1), three (Group 2), six (Group 3) or 2 x 6 (Group 4) seconds. For light curing with the QTH unit, the composite was light cured for 60 seconds with Optilux 500 (Group 5). The linear polymerization shrinkage of composites was determined in the linometer. Two resin composites were used to measure microhardness. Two-mm thick samples were light cured for three seconds (Group 1), six seconds (Group 2) or 12 (2 x 6) seconds (Group 3) with Apollo 95E or they were conventionally light cured with Optilux 500 for 30 seconds (Group 4) or 60 seconds (Group 5). For 3 mm thick samples, the composites were light cured for six seconds (Group 1), 12 (2 x 6) seconds (Group 2) or 18 (3 x 6) seconds (Group 3) with Apollo 95E or they were conventionally light cured with Optilux 500 for 30 seconds (Group 4) or 60 seconds (Group 5). Twenty samples were assigned to each group. The microhardness of the upper and lower surfaces was measured with a Vickers hardness-measuring instrument under load. The difference in microhardness between the upper and lower surfaces in each group was analyzed by paired t-test. For the upper or lower surfaces, one-way ANOVA with Tukey was used. For Tetric Ceram, the amount of polymerization shrinkage was lower when cured with the Apollo 95E for two or three seconds than when cured for six and 12 (2 x 6) seconds, or for 60 seconds with Optilux 500 (p<0.05). For Z100, the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage was lower when cured with the Apollo 95E for two, three and six seconds than for 12 (2 x 6) seconds with Apollo 95E or for 60 seconds with the Optilux 500 (p<0.05). The result of the microhardness test indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in microhardness between groups for the upper surface. However, for the lower surface, when the composites were light cured with Apollo 95E for three seconds as recommended by the manufacturer; microhardness of the lower surfaces was usually lower than that of the upper surface and did not sufficiently. Conclusively, when compared with conventional QTH unit, the PAC unit, Apollo 95E did not properly cure the lower composite surface when the layer thickness exceeded 2 mm. In addition, three seconds of curing time, which the manufacturer recommended, was insufficient for optimal curing of composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
39. THE LATEST IN DISPENSING, COATING & CURING MACHINES.
- Subjects
CURING equipment ,COATING process equipment ,INDUSTRIAL equipment - Abstract
The article offers brief information on the several dispensing, coating, and curing machines including UV2000 curing oven from Precision Valve Automation, DR-060/070 coating and dispensing system from DIMA Group BV, and PVA900 automated frame sealant applicator from Precision Valve Automation.
- Published
- 2013
40. New products.
- Subjects
- *
LASERS , *GALVANOMETER ,CURING equipment - Abstract
The article offers brief information on several electronics equipment including the Tau 671 nanometer (nm) laser from Laser Quantum Ltd., dynAXIS 3 galvanometers from Scanlab and OmniCure LC280 ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) curing system from Lumen Dynamics.
- Published
- 2012
41. Purchasing curing equipment.
- Author
-
Fresener, Scott
- Subjects
PURCHASING ,CURING equipment ,CONVEYING machinery ,TECHNICAL specifications ,HEATING ,SIZE ,ELECTRONIC procurement - Abstract
The article presents guidelines on purchasing curing equipment. According to the author, a flash-curing unit is the same heater that is in a conveyor dryer but without the conveyor or tunnel. The author enumerates and discusses several factors to consider in purchasing a flash-curing unit including heater size, size of stand, and automatic cycle feature.
- Published
- 2012
42. Shedding New Light on Composite Polymerization.
- Author
-
Caughman, W. F. and F. A. Rueggeberg
- Subjects
PHOTOTHERAPY ,LIGHT emitting diodes ,HIGH-density plasmas ,LIGHT ,CURING equipment ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
The article focuses on light polymerization of composites. It notes that the use of quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) lights with power densities (PD) produced clear clinical parameters. It mentions that programmable high intensity QTH models and high intensity Plasma-arc curing (PAC) lights are among the modern conventional QTH lights. Moreover, lights with light emitting diodes (LED) are known for its portability, low heat generating features and camphoquinone-specific emission spectrum.
- Published
- 2002
43. Critical Factors for Successful Restorations: Light-Curing, Light-Energy Monitoring, and Matrices.
- Author
-
Strassler, Howard E. and Ganesh, Nisha F.
- Subjects
DENTAL resins ,OPERATIVE dentistry ,DENTISTRY ,CURING equipment ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,SAFETY ,DENTAL bonding ,DENTAL equipment ,DENTAL fillings ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
The article discusses how proper use of curing lights and matrix systems contribute to successful outcomes of light-cured composite resin restorations. Information is provided on dental light-curing devices with particular attention given to the use of camphoroquinone (CQ) photoinitiator. Safety measures are also covered as well as matrix systems for posterior composite resins.
- Published
- 2018
44. IWCS New Product Introduction: Excelitas fiber curing system.
- Author
-
Kay, Mike
- Subjects
CURING equipment ,FIBER optic cables - Abstract
The article offers information on the OmniCure AC9225-F Fiber Curing system from Excelitas.
- Published
- 2018
45. IN THE MARKETPLACE.
- Subjects
- *
INDUSTRIAL engineering equipment , *MANUFACTURED products , *EQUIPMENT & supplies ,CURING equipment - Abstract
The article offers information on several products for industrial engineering including the HIPP 2016 integrated point cloud tools from ReverseEngineering, the Bluewave Mx-150 Led Spot-Curing System from Dymax, and the Hotmux Thermocouple Data Logger from DCC Corp.
- Published
- 2016
46. SUPPLIER PRODUCT GUIDE.
- Subjects
CHILLERS (Refrigeration) ,CURING equipment ,DAIRY machinery - Published
- 2016
47. DISPENSING & CURING EQUIPMENT DIRECTORY.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL equipment ,CURING equipment - Published
- 2016
48. DISPENSING & CURING EQUIPMENT DIRECTORY.
- Subjects
DISPENSING pumps ,CURING equipment - Published
- 2016
49. UV Products: A RESURGENCE.
- Author
-
Winters, Jeremy
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL applications of ultraviolet lasers ,CURING equipment ,LIGHT emitting diodes ,AUTOMOTIVE painting & paint shops ,INFRARED drying equipment - Published
- 2018
50. Touchscreen Manufacturing with UV LED Curing Technology.
- Author
-
Hoge, Stacy
- Subjects
ULTRAVIOLET spectrometry ,PERFORMANCE technology ,CURING equipment ,TOUCH screens ,TECHNOLOGICAL obsolescence - Abstract
The article discusses the attributes to ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED) curing technology in creating bonding and coating application for touchscreen manufacturing equipment industries. An overview on the use of UV curing technology for graphic arts printing in 1960's is explained. The article also outlines the benefits of UV LED curing technology in electronics industry.
- Published
- 2015
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