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This article aims to analyze elements of the immigration undertaken by Brazilians to the city of Rosario (Argentina) to study medicine. It seeks to understand the nuances of the reterritorialization process through the retrieval of life stories, emphasizing aspects such as difficulties in adapting to the culture and language, the impact on the local economy (especially in the real estate market), and future prospects, among others. The methodology involved individual interviews and the use of the Focus Group technique with 12 immigrants. The results observed the specificities of a migration motivated by study (not work), including the importance of understanding other structural aspects such as national education policies, the role of different actors in the reterritorialization process, and mechanisms of mutual assistance through social networks, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the use of history, modernity, and marginal cultural identity within the films "Theeb" and "Beasts of the Southern Wild." The author compares the cultures of American and the Middle East, explores marginalized and unassimilated cultures, and examines the impact of capitalist globalization.

This text aims to present the thoughts of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in the context of the relationship between the state, capitalism, and machines. Due to the multiplicity and rhizomatics that characterize the works of both French philosophers, the author also outlines the basic concepts important from the point of view of the discussed problem, such as abstract machines, devices, segmentation, deterritorialization, coding, axiomatics, rhizoma, micropolitics, and macropolitics. The perspective proposed in the works of Deleuze and Guattari escapes the well-known patterns of analysis in social sciences, which makes them an interesting look at the relationship between the state and capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In marketing, compared with other organizational dimensions such as leadership, culture, structure, and processes, relatively scant attention has been devoted to the effect of strategy on firm performance, especially in the global context. Rapid globalization of markets, along with ever-increasing dynamic demands on the marketing organization, necessitates a new examination. This article reports on a study that examines the role of strategy and other organizational forces on the performance of globally focused marketing organizations headquartered in Norway, Sweden, and the United States. The general findings indicate that (1) the constructs of leadership, strategy, and culture precede the globally focused marketing organization's structure; (2) strategy precedes structure; and (3) organizational structure and processes influence marketing and financial performance. Many relationships appear to be consistent across countries, and some are uniquely tied to the home-country markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An implicit assumption in advertising content analysis, as well as in studies of advertiser intent, is that what an ad says, or what its creator intends for it to convey, is also what it means to consumers. The presence of global images and foreign appeals in advertising is thus often incorrectly taken as evidence that local culture is becoming globalized, and that consumer values are changing accordingly. Using a reader-response approach to analyze upscale Chinese consumers' understandings of global and local television and print advertising, we find that this is not the case. Instead, we find two dialectic reactions by Chinese consumers. One side is largely driven by the desire for global cosmopolitanism and status goods for the sake of mianzi (prestige face), whereas the other side is motivated by a more nationalistic desire to invoke Chinese values that are seen as local in origin. These opposing advertising meanings and preferences have important implications for understanding how international advertising affects local cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuing globalization of marketing activities has given considerable impetus to the study of cosmopolitanism as a consumer construct. Most recent research has focused on the normative activities of cosmopolites, as consumers who seek to broaden their cultural horizons by immersing themselves in a breadth of local cultural experiences. Although this is true of some cosmopolites in some circumstances, it is not a general characteristic. The authors return to the original meaning of cosmopolitanism as presented (independently) by Merton and Gouldner in the late 1950s, examining the concept in light of subsequent research and the social forces that have tended to promote an increasingly cosmopolitan perspective. They then propose several patterns of cosmopolitan behavior, only one of which is a normative search for culturally broadening experiences. Finally, they suggest some managerial implications for marketing practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article we first review the development of the concept of global business citizenship and show how the libertarian political philosophy of free-market capitalism must give way to a communitarian view in order for the voluntaristic, local notion of "corporate citizenship" to take root. We then distinguish the concept of global business citizenship from "corporate citizenship" by showing how the former concept requires a transition from communitarian thinking to a position of universal human rights. In addition, we link global business citizenship to global business strategy and to three analytical levels of ethical norms. Finally, we trace a process whereby global businesses can implement fundamental norms and learn to accommodate to legitimate cultural differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the authors develop and test a cross-cultural conceptual model of the organizational-based antecedents and consequences of marketing managers' conflict-handling behaviors during the new product development process. The hypotheses were tested using data collected from 968 companies in Japan, China (Hong Kong), the United States, and the United Kingdom. The results provide some interesting insights regarding the varying role of conflict management among diverse culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine organizational legitimacy in the context of the multinational enterprise (MNE). After discussing three types of complexity (of the legitimating environment, the organization, and the process of legitimation) that MNEs typically face, we explore their effects on MNE legitimacy. In particular, we distinguish between the legitimacy of the MNE as a whole and that of its parts, and we develop propositions that include issues of internal versus external legitimacy and positive and negative legitimacy spillovers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article elaborates on the public narratives of an Estonian cultural agent that testify to its rhetorical acculturation to the moral appeal of market-resilience and market rationalism. The cultural aspect of globalization is addressed by scrutinizing media messages that introduce Baltic art audiences to the contemporary global artworld. For that purpose, a discursive study of the press releases of the Art Museum of Estonia from 2006 to 2017 has been conducted. Depictions of the global artworld as a site of cultural anomie, belligerent rivalry and permanent societal crisis have been discussed as a neoliberal cultural fantasy that fosters and encourages aspiring contemporary artists to adapt to the opportunistic, competitive and survivalist role model of the entrepreneur of the self, as argued by Michel Foucault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the Guernica, painting by Pablo Picasso, along with information on the group’s experiences of the AIDS epidemic. Topics discussed include painting examine the interweaving of popular art and gendered global power relations; painting exploring the cultural diplomacy caused by military violence; and the tapestry provokes reflection on the gendered effects of AIDS with in South African society.

Raising awareness of indigeneity comes forward with strengthening of cultural globalization. The lack of relevant knowledge of indigenous cultures results in persistent stereotyping. Regarded the representation of an ethnic group, a stereotype is based on implicit assumptions and behavioral implications that are reflected in evaluative characteristics. Stereotypes are spread by mainstream culture through popular media and cinema. This work attempts to profile the stereotype of Indigenous American created by mainstream American culture on the results of qualitative analysis of media discourse. Treated as uncivilized, Native Americans are portrayed as unbending and cruel warriors or as wise and helpful friends of White. America’s attitude to Indians is changing from banishing to extolling. The deconstruction of stereotypes in humanitarian paradigm is the matter of acknowledgment of cultural uniqueness and establishment of social equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this technological world, the major challenge is to improve and extend the range of communication aids. This can happen only by developing an atmosphere of acceptance from various sources. Language is a tool that enables the people to communicate and it amazes us with the abundance of different words, meanings and ways of usage that it has. The effect of globalization paved way for an increase in language learners, especially English. This research paper deals with the insight of language as a tool to express the views of people in a multicultural society through digital media. With the help of media even a single concept of language gives wide pluralized views from different angles. The paper will further be a base and will help us to understand the perception and usage of language in a multicultural society through different medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article asks about the norms and the forms of knowledge about conviviality in Caribbean literatures of the 19th century, as the discourses of racism were being established and the question of conviviality was negotiated very intensely. To what degree it is possible to critically challenge essentialist constructions in an era that has gone down in history as the heyday of racism? Can a sharper look at representations of conviviality lead us to relativize canonized frames of 19th century reference, such as race and nation?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business ethics in China is highly politicized, both within China as well as on the global scene. Over the past years many issues of business ethics have arisen. It turns out that the Chinese often have a different set of ethical priorities with respect to the economy than do their Western counterparts. China possesses rich and well-developed ethical traditions that provide a meaningful basis for evaluating its own problems. This article reviews China's ethical heritage and, at the same time, takes note of Western ethical concerns of human rights, property and so forth that have been injected into the debate. The article further reviews the principal issues of ethical analysis and, within the context of China/U. S. inter-relations, suggests ethical paths to pursue on four levels: government to government, multinational corporations, interest groups and international fora, and individual initiatives and commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the four theses that globalization is unavoidable, ambivalent, incalculable, and can be controlled rationally, ethics has an indispensable and important role to play in the process of globalization. Indeed, a number of international documents published in the 1990s not only acknowledge human rights but also speak explicitly of human responsibilities. The author pleads for the primacy of ethics over politics and economics and, in reviewing both the Interfaith Declaration for Jews, Christians, and Muslims, and the Caux Roundtable Principles for Business Conduct, he raises the question about the foundation for the unconditional validity of particular basic ethical values and attitudes. In Kung's view, no universal ethic, but only religion, expressed by the three prophetic religions, the mystical religions of Indian origin, and the wisdom religions of Chinese origin, can provide this foundation. Yet, religion as a spiritual resource intends to influence concrete behavior and decision making. Therefore, the author stresses the Importance of a personality culture for business executives and an "ethic of responsibility" to shape business culture and institutions. He then proposes the Declaration of the Parliament of the World's Religions Toward a Global Ethic as a basis to develop a business ethics that can be supported by believers and non-believers alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to cultural and economic changes, human resource practitioners can potentially play a role of balancing tensions in the organization. A future perspective of new roles and structures for HRM is considered in the Chinese context. Possible directions for research are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate culture has been described as the "glue" that holds organizations together by providing cohesiveness and coherence among the parts. Multinational companies are increasingly interested in promoting corporate culture to improve control, coordination, and integration of their subsidiaries. Yet these subsidiaries are embedded in local national cultures wherein the underlying bask assumptions about people and the world may differ from that of the national and corporate culture of the multinational. These differences may hinder the acceptance and implementation of human resource practices, such as career planning, appraisal and compensation systems, and selection and socialization. This article discusses the assumptions about people and about the world underlying these HRM practices as they may differ from those of the national culture of the subsidiary. Finally, issues concerning the use of corporate culture as a mechanism for globalization will be raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly, researchers from a variety of business disciplines are finding that trust can lower transaction costs, facilitate interorganizational relationships, and enhance manager-subordinate relationships. At the same time, we see a growing trend toward globalization--in establishing alliances, managing and hiring employees, and entering new markets. These trends suggest a need to view the concept of trust from the perspective of national culture. Drawing on theories from several disciplines, we develop a framework that identifies and describes five cognitive trust-building processes that help explain how trust develops in business contexts. We include a series of research propositions demonstrating how societal norms and values influence application of the trust-building processes, and we discuss implications for theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the problems that multinational companies face when doing business in developing nations and how these issues decrease profitability in some ways. The article presents examples of problems faced by two U.S. corporations by demands made by their host countries and the unique market demands they face. Four management approaches are offered to deal with the pressures of global competition. Most obviously, the international corporation must be able to deal with multicultural demands by having a strong global policy. Managers need to have decision making skills that take not only local customs into account but the overall positioning of the product as well. Optimum organizational structure is presented for flexible decision making.

The increasing globalization of markets and businesses and the criticality of new products to business performance make the relationship between national culture and new product development an important area for academic research and managerial practice. By means of a literature review, the authors attempt to provide an understanding of this relationship in terms of the links between new product development on the one hand and the five dimensions of national culture individualism, power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and Confucian dynamic-on the other. They advance several propositions for additional research, develop a conceptual model, and identify directions for further exploration of the relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors investigate whether a manager's home culture significantly influences his or her international marketing decisions. They also examine whether the impact of home culture diminishes in an open economy with intense exposure to international markets, giving way to a process of "globalization." Decision making in four simulated international marketing situations was studied with executives from the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Canada. The findings confirm that home culture has predictable, significant effects on the decision making of the executives from the People's Republic of China and Canada. Chinese executives from Hong Kong were influenced by a combination of Western and Chinese cultural norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nations borrowing technology from more developed countries often fail to realize that much of the developed country's class structure, behavior and attitude are often implicitly built into its technology. Thus, a developing nation may be obtaining more than it bargained for in such technological borrowing. The developing country may either have to change its own class structure or partially fail in its efforts to borrow. This paper examines some of the reasons why class structures are built into technology and what some of the implications of such technological borrowing are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on globalization of casino culture including strengths of culture that bring spectrum of gender, culture, and class together; social impact of the culture; and economical aspects of the culture.

This study uses meme templates as a lens for exploring cultural globalization. By conceptualizing such templates as expressive repertoires that simultaneously enable and limit expression, we examined global and local dimensions of mainstream meme culture. We traced the top 100 templates in meme generators in English, German, Spanish, and Chinese, using 10 examples to typify each (n = 4000). Combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, we examined the forms, social identities, and emotions embedded in these templates. Our findings demonstrated that whereas meme templates are dominated by American/Western pop culture, local templates are also evident, especially in Chinese. Overall, memes are socially conservative yet emotionally disruptive; while they align with hegemonic representation patterns, their emotional palette tilts toward the negative, with anger as a major anchor and happiness expressed ironically. Finally, our findings suggested an individualism–collectivism puzzle, wherein emotions in memes seem to contradict the existing literature on cultural values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English Studies and its role are surrounded by unresolved controversies, speculations and expectations from its very beginning as an academic discipline. The phenomenon of Globalization makes it more complex. Due to its colonial legacy and socio-economic changes at present time, English language teaching is being accused of doing away with our cultural and linguistic diversity. English language teaching is perceived as a process of Cultural and Linguistic homogenization that kills our indigenous culture and languages. Globalization and international status of English language locate English teachers as mediators of both language and culture. In English teaching, differing interpretations, contesting ideologies and struggles between frames for meaning are central to the concerns of globalization. This paper reports on an investigation of English Teachers' perception of their role as mediators between language and culture and how globalization is (re)shaping and (re)defining literature, language, composition and mass media in an expanded set of possible identities, discourses, subjectivities, communities, and modes of interpretation. This paper describes how English teachers can locate themselves between the two extreme positions of cultural homogenization and harmonization by teaching English language and literature through inter-cultural reader response theories of literary interpretation, socio-cultural methods of language-study, and juxtaposed multimedia representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a period of significant gains, achieved largely through the establishment of institutions that promoted international liberalism, the global order today finds itself at a crucial juncture. Rising inequality, the proliferation of nationalist politics, technology-induced disruptions and the resurgence of zero-sum geopolitics, are all beginning to shake the foundations of the global governance architecture built assiduously over the past 70 years. It is clear that the liberal order, as it is frequently referred to, will not be able to sustain its influence in the 21st century unless it finds new torchbearers in Asia, where politics and economics are scripting a story very different from that of post-war Europe. To some, it is evident that India, which has successfully combined economic growth with its own liberal traditions, will indeed be the heir to and guarantor of this system as an emerging and leading power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses various articles within the issue on topics including concepts of culture and globalization; importance of International Association for Intercultural Communication Studies; and use of social media by politicians.

The article focuses on the economic transition in the Balkan society. Topics discussed include the impact of globalization in the Balkan religion and culture, the tribalization in the society, and the Ceausescu's regime in Romania. Other topics include multiculturalism, separation of Church and state, and the legacy of Eastern Orthodox.

There exists a long tradition of research and analysis in India on the conceptual and substantive dimensions of culture at various levels of its existence: the local, the regional and the national. The anxieties about the impact of globalization and marketization of economy, media and information systems, the leisure and style of life etc., which have direct impact upon the symbolic contents and the foundations of the tradition, have today generated anxious debate among the scholars, the people and the political parties on the policy responses of the state. The new institutional innovations that globalization may bring about in society are: market, trade and finance, communication and media, technology and science, migration and inter-cultural transactions. There are related issues of tourism, mobility of professionals and the emergence of diasporic sub-cultures. It has been experienced that every step of movement towards economic, political and cultural modernization, taken by the state in India, is responded to by the people with an enhanced sense of selfconsciousness and awareness of identity. Cultural modernization, sponsored by the forces of globalization, is resented if it encroaches upon or does not promote the core cultural values of society, its language, social practices and styles of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conceptual paper provides an overview of previous studies on compliments and compliment responses in several parts of the world. It discusses compliments and compliment responses in both Western and Asian contexts and demonstrates the acquisition of similar values among respondents from different geographical regions in performing the speech act. As people are normally bound with their societies' traditional values and norms of interaction, they are expected to perceive compliments differently and act upon it based on the strategies prescribed in their cultures. However, cultural globalization or the acquisition of common cultures due to the online social networking experience and popular culture media has modified people's communication strategies and behavior. The acceptance of many foreign values has transformed the new generation of Malays into a modern society that appreciates differences and highly adaptable to various changes in their environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Interlocalization’ has been witnessed as a new praxis in international communication which is all about horizontal flow of knowledge, culture, tradition, know-how and so on, among countries of the world, free from any form of hegemony and domination as against what has been observed in the case of ‘globalization’ and also in ‘glocalization’. This study is an attempt to understand and analyse this phenomenon in the Indian context, and it revolves around two possible broad catalysts of the interlocalization process: (1) India’s communication business alliances and (2) transnational networking among Indian diaspora communities. The article finds that India’s communication business alliances around the world have not yet reached a level to provide the desired impetus to the interlocalization process, although it is gaining momentum. But a highly encouraging scenario is presented in the case of Indian diaspora networking and its implications for the interlocalization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our society is becoming increasingly globalized with an influx of communication between different countries around the world. Researchers have weighed in on the debate between whether globalization is creating one, homogenous global culture or continues to diversify societies through intercultural exchanges. However, previous research has failed to take into account how globalization impacts the individual psyche, particularly with personality variables such as traditionality and modernity. In light of macro-level phenomena such as globalization and modernization, micro-level changes in the individual personality are likely to occur. The debate surrounding whether modernity and globalization suppresses traditional cultures and psyche is examined through a scale construction study with 394 Asian-American/Pacific Islander participants. A single factor structure with nine items measuring traditionality and modernity was discovered using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with maximum likelihood and an oblique rotation. Findings noted that both traditionality and modernity continue to flourish in the United States, indicating that societal modernization is not leading to cultural dilution. These data are then extended to the case that globalization has been misperceived as an oppressive entity and should instead be viewed as a phenomenon that creates increased diversity and growth for individual personalities to flourish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the need of connecting the technology, political and cultural system in the right way to achieve the companies' goals in terms of globalization and changes. The leaders have the main role in realizing the company's strategy. They must be strategy focused and they are responsible for connecting the employees, processes and technologies. In the beginning of the paper, the characteristics of strategy focused leadership are analyzed. The available tools of strategy focused leadership through the model are presented. The matrix of strategy management can be used like a manual which helps the management in connecting systems with managerial instruments: mission and strategy, organization structure and management of human resources. The goal of the paper is to show that with professional approach, the strategy focused leaders play the main role in connecting and changing the existing systems in companies. This is the way of reaching the best performance of companies and surviving at the global world market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on Korean pop (K-pop) music. Particular focus is given to musical acts featured by the music company SM Town. Additional topics discussed include the SM Town Live World Tour and its attraction of American and European media outlets including the "New York Daily News" and the "New York Times," the song "Gangnam Style," by Psy and globalization and cultural hybridity.

This study aims at identifying the viewpoints of Hashemite University students r e- garding the negative impacts of cultural globalization on Islamic identity. The sample (n = 403) was from undergraduate students of Hashemite University. The total number of undergraduate students of the university is 24000 students. The study was conducte d during the second seme s- ter of the academic year 2016. A researcher - made questionnaire with appropriate validity and reliability was used to collect data. The questionnaire was distributed to sample of students. The findings indicate that The Hashemite Un iversity students' viewpoints were moderate. Also, there are statistically significant differences attributed to sex and in favor of males. However, there was no statistically significant difference attributed to college. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept «world heritage» arises after the approval of the World Heritage Convention of UNESCO in 1972. This document is focused in promoting the international responsibility towards the right conservation of cultural heritage goods that joint a special interest for the human community as a whole. Considering that heritage is a source for local and national identities, to understand the relationship between local and universal values is an issue that convokes the attention of the specialists. It is coherent to discuss on this relationships in the context of globalization Is it there a real process of creation of a «world heritage? Is it possible to sustain that the World Heritage List is the «global heritage list»? Do the goods inscribed (or, at least, the values represented by them) on the list represent to the human community? Which is the situation, among universal and local values, of the Peruvian sites inscribed on the universal list? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of local ethnic cultural production in the current globalized world has resulted in the revival of cultural ethnic identity and commoditization cultural heritage for the global tourism industry. Seeking a micro theory of the local ethnic performance arts, a multisiteethnographic fieldwork was conducted in areas of tangible heritage among ethnic groups such as Malay, Karo, Mandailing, Toba, and the Chinese in the city of Medan. A series of fieldwork activities which included participatory observation, interviews and ethno-history documents for data collection was conducted. In reshaping cultural identities, the numerous cultural performances were found such as the realization of systems of beliefs, knowledge and social control. The Malay mode of the Pasembahan dance, the Toba Tortor Somba and the Chinese Lion dance revitalizes the blief systems, while social controls are reflected in the Malay's Serampang XII dance and the Kijom kijom of Mandailing. Those cultural performances have a significant compelling heritage for the global tourism industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]