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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This contribution is part of a field of research and studies related to the application of BIM (Building Information Modeling) systems for the documentation, restoration and management of Cultural Heritage. The article tackles the problems encountered and the solutions adopted in the process of transforming the data acquired through digital survey into an HBIM model of a small pantheon located in the cemetery of Castellón de la Plana (Spain). The methodology for the representation of a cultural asset by means of a BIM model does not present a unique and shared workflow, as it depends mainly on the characteristics of the case study and the purposes of the model, as well as the level of development required (LOD). In the case at hand, the goal is to create a BIM model that correctly represents the building, but which is above all a tool capable of meeting the needs of the professionals involved in the restoration project. The combination of the needs of documentation and representation with those of restoration has led to the adoption of specific workflows for the transposition of the building into a BIM model, each relating to different categories of elements (such as the iron fence, the floor, the decorations). This contribution explores in depth the process of creating the roofs, a specific case that exemplifies the main problems encountered in the process of creating an HBIM model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainability of cultural heritage resources is strongly linked to the effective participation of local communities in the conservation and management of these resources. This forms the basis for undertaken this project in the selected communities in Ondo and Ekiti State of Yoruba ethnic groups of South Western Nigeria. Multiple research methods were employed for this study including Key Informants Interview and administration of structured questionnaire to the purposively selected respondents. A sample of 768 respondents was selected from the total population of 895,406 using sample determination method. The selection of respondents was based on their proximity to the resources, their local knowledge, communal ownership, disposition and willingness to participate in the study. The data collected was rated on a 5 point Likert scale and then subjected to the weighted mean analysis. Spearman correlation and linear regression were used to test hypotheses in order to established relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and level of community participation. Output from this research, emphasizes the need to improve the state of heritage properties through effective conservation and sustainable management practices and increasing community involvement and participation. This will serve as a blueprint and developmental framework for policymakers in heritage resources conservation and management with the intention of linking these resources to increase direct economic benefits to local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a survey conducted with Peruvian professionals on the repatriation of heritage. Less than 20% of the respondents answered, and opinions are discussed regarding the familiarity of official institutions with exiled heritage, ownership of heritage, the urgency of repatriation, and the availability of suitable places to store and exhibit repatriated heritage. The need for a serious heritage policy and intelligent repatriation strategies is emphasized. The importance of the role of native communities in the management of repatriation is also mentioned. According to Mariana Mould de Pease, the low response rate from the consulted specialists is due to the highly controversial nature of the topic and Peruvian legislation favoring private collecting of pre-Columbian art. [Extracted from the article]

This paper reports on the steps taken to mitigate the impact of the Metolong Dam (Lesotho) on the rock art present within the catchment of its associated reservoir. Mitigation took four major forms: comprehensive survey and documentation, including both photography and tracing; pigment characterization and radiocarbon dating; exploration of the ongoing significance of rock art as a form of living heritage for people living in the vicinity; and removal of selected panels for permanent safekeeping. These steps are placed within the wider context of other cultural heritage management projects in Africa and their success evaluated. Recommendations are made for how similar work should be undertaken in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many conventions relating to the revitalization, safeguarding and management of cultural heritage require the inclusion of different actors in heritage projects, from the idea and planning stage of a project through its implementation and finally to evaluation of the results achieved. Based on recent studies, local residents (along with experts and decision-makers) have become one of the most important stakeholders in heritage management. However, the so-called integrated approach raises many questions as to how to implement theory in practice, how to coordinate the different interests and views of the actors involved, and how to achieve mutual partnerships, among others. This paper describes some of the informal occasions to build multi-level community networks which were practiced and analysed through different heritage projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explains the meaning and the role of cultural heritage management plans. It points out to the importance of heritage management plans evaluation and different types of evaluation methods. The usual types of evaluation of plans/programmes involves ex-ante, mid-term and ex-post evaluation. The article examines the appropriateness of ex-ante evaluation on the case study of Integrated Built Heritage Revitalization Plan (IBHRP) of the old urban core of the City of Buzet, Croatia. Based on a theoretical approach to ex-ante evaluation, a set of conceptual evaluation questions has been designed which was then tested against challenges detected by the Plan. Ex-ante evaluation and all of the designed questions responding to the criteria (relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, coherence, sustainability, usefulness, consistency, complementarity, harmonization, acceptability and equal opportunities) have been found appr opriate in the herit age management plans evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the concept of sustainability (or sustainable development) became famous through its adoption in the UN's report, 'Our Common Future' in 1987, it has travelled widely to become a global and omnipresent key concept also in the field of heritage. The inclusion into this field was facilitated by the understanding of heritage as resource, which has become the norm within cultural heritage management discourses and strategies. This understanding is increasingly sustained by an associated vocabulary of concepts that promote cultural heritage sites as economically and socio-politically beneficial, emphasising their value as resources for us. This paper explores what happens when this conceptual repertoire of resource thinking is applied to WWII Wehrmacht sites in northern Norway, a heritage that previously has been othered and excluded. How does it impact on the understanding of this particular heritage and how may it be challenged and transformed through encounters with an unruly heritage that potentially defies and distances such conceptualisation? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of new tasks like those of cultural and natural heritage management into the mandates of UN peace operations is usually presented as a burden, 'a star on the top of the Christmas tree' at a time of scarce human and budgetary resources for contemporary UN peace operations. Through a comparison of MINUSMA in Mali and MONUSCO in DRC, this article aims to demonstrate how, on the contrary, heritage management can bring consistency to the broader 'stabilization' mandate mainstreamed in UN peace operations. By creating new links between the seemingly dichotomous activities it encompasses, namely 'support' and 'securization' activities, this new type of mandated task can increase complementarity between civilian and military components of UN peace operations with regard to local population. As part of their stabilization mandates, both MINUSMA and MONUSCO were charged to protect heritage. Ultimately, the most decisive factor as to why heritage management created a virtuous circle in Mali and a vicious circle in DRC, seems to be the failure or the success on the part of peace operations to include local communities in the heritage management process, a task which is so far better performed by the civilian than by the military component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Song was one of the principal methods of transmitting knowledge in the fundamentally oral societies of Indigenous Australia. As the breadth of song traditions has greatly diminished over the past 200 years, archival recordings of song now form a significant resource of intangible cultural heritage for Australia's Indigenous people. The song performances recorded in the past are now being rediscovered, remembered and in some cases revived. This paper presents findings from a recent project involving the return of a set of poorly documented recordings of songs to Kaytetye people in central Australia. These newly discovered recordings, the earliest ever made of Kaytetye singing, are shown to be an important heritage resource for these communities. Working collaboratively with senior song experts in order to gain a better understanding of the meaning and cultural significance of various songs, I document the how this discussion of audio material generated important social-histories and memories, reinforced local understandings of rights in cultural heritage, and revealed both continuities and changes in Kaytetye ceremonial and song practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2010, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) led 11 countries to inscribe falconry onto the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Representative List. The aim of this article is to examine one of UNESCO's leading principles, interculturality, through the analysis of the processes that led to the first multinational inscription of falconry. It seeks to delineate, through the study of a multinational file, how the principles of interculturality were understood and implemented both by the countries and communities involved, and how falconry came to fit into them. Using the concept of cultural diplomacy, it tries to measure the scope of interculturality in the evaluation of the relations between communities, the national States, and the UAE as the leader of the candidacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family, as a leisure unit, is an important museum consumer group. The literature on family leisure in museums concentrates on the cognitive and the learning aspects in science museums and art galleries in western contexts. It provides limited explanation of the leisure outcomes acquired from visiting museums. This work addresses this lacuna by exploring the benefits perceived by Chinese parents who take their children to a cluster of museums along China's Grand Canal, a world heritage site in Hangzhou. A review of museum and heritage research, combined with 17 on-site, in-depth interviews, generated information on a range of benefits which was used to design a questionnaire that was completed by 450 respondents. Five perceived benefits were identified using factor analysis. In order of significance, they are family bonding, community attachment, cultural awareness, restoration and personal growth. These perceived benefits have implications for museums and other public facilities catering to the family leisure market, as well as for governments, community organisations, the heritage sector and other stakeholders that are charged with managing cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing modes of engagement in the construction of public heritage knowledge emphasize participatory media and active collaboration with citizens. The City of Edmonton created the first historian laureate position in Canada in 2010, and related programs are still rare. This article considers the interaction of narrative content with social and technological contexts of production, viewing the role of the historian laureate as amateur historian and professional storyteller. The historian laureate operates primarily in accessible contexts of leisure, mediated in part through digital technologies, and can respond relatively directly to community interests as a heritage coordinator rather than expert. Rather than representing oppositional or disruptive power to official heritage discourses, the project enables the production of 'small heritages' through a series of story episodes. These stories focus on events, people, places and artifacts that typically fall outside the meta-narratives and monuments of a city's heritage landscape. The historian laureate, embodying or articulating local experience in ways amenable to leisure activity, demonstrates capacities to produce largely indeterminate, diverse and porous ideas of place and histories as part of a bottom-up social generation of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage management often focuses on the conservation of tangible entities with little guidance on the interaction of intangible attributes. Scholars apply the processes of discourse and discursive practices recognizing heritage locations. Dialogues between the planners and partakers communicate the contexts of knowledge, culture, and situation as well as the function of performance and ongoing activity. Discourse analysis interacts with multimodes of contexts, texts, images, designed objects, communicative functions, rules, and principles to convey the meaning and construct positive relationship within the study sites. Past studies have pointed out that artistically created icon, images, and artworks that represent distinctive cultural, natural, and traditional context can form the destination image and improve tourism development. Researchers apply discourse analysis to understand the heritage in its presence through time and interface with local contexts, social practices, cultural experiences, and traditions. Researchers use written text to embody the interaction and connection processes of the researchers' thoughts, concepts, and arguments. Discourse is a mode of organizing knowledge, ideas, or experience that is rooted in language and its concrete contexts; however, discourse is not limited within the linguistic fields. This article aims to expand the application of discourse analysis beyond the limit of language and written text. Chinese or Japanese characters are the conception of pictographic and ideographic language, but they are also the construction of logical aggregate, phonetic complex, transference, or borrowing. This notion presents the opportunity to extend the definition of discourse beyond text and language by using icons, images, multimedia, or designed objects as the means of communication, conversation, and dialogue. This study presents three cases in Asia as the vehicle of creating interactive multimodal dialogues for intangible heritage management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant criteria for choosing materials (consolidants and protective coatings) for the conservation of the built cultural heritage were gathered from the literature and by consultation with experts working on the preservation of cultural heritage. Ten criteria were chosen from these, and a questionnaire was prepared and sent to stakeholders in the cultural heritage conservation domain in order to evaluate, score and rank the importance of the proposed criteria. Based on the results obtained a decision support tool was developed, aimed at conservators and other stakeholders, to help them to make sustainable decisions with regard to the selection of conservation materials for treatment of the built cultural heritage. Performance characteristics and health and safety were identified to be the most important criteria. A preliminary decision can be made based on these two criteria, however, reversibility, minimum intervention and re-treatability are also of very high importance and additional information about these characteristics of the material are required to support decisions. Information about environmental performance, peer recommendation, the application techniques, the price and availability of the materials, which are also integrated in decision support tools, can help conservators and stakeholders to reach a final decision on interventions. The study also provides feedback for the manufacturers of conservation materials. For the users of material, it is very important that the manufacturers clearly identify key characteristics (i.e. criteria) on the product, including those related with environmental performance of the materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Systematic overview of the most common project management risks and challenges. • Good practice examples and guidelines for project planning. • Complexity of cross-disciplinary project setting. • Integrated qualitative research methodology. • Project organization and team communication. The concept of cultural heritage has been increasingly enlarged over decades. Many professions are invited to work together in a holistic attempt to preserve inherited tangible and intangible assets. This complexity brings more challenges in organization of collaborative conservation works. Since 1960s project management approach has become prevalent way in which contemporary, non-routine tasks are organized, despite of the industry. A survey was conducted in order to examine how increased complexity of cross-disciplinary setting influences project management challenges and risks in heritage conservation. The findings of the survey outline that there is a number of challenges/risks associated with extremely cross-disciplinary setting of conservation projects, while the practice already provides some useful references how these can be managed and mitigated. This paper offers systematic overview of the most common challenges/risks, some good practice examples and guidelines observed among countries of former Yugoslavia region, which could be further investigated in a call for a tailored approach aimed to reduce project management risks in collaborative conservation projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Analysis of the state-of-the-art non-linear storytelling applications that are currently in use in the cultural heritage domain. • Design and evaluation of a prototype computational model that fuels audience engagement and collaboration of cultural organizations. • Assessment of the developed prototype model (with its associated strategy and policy-planning) in terms of users' acceptance and its adoption as future/standard part of digital-city services in the semantic web. • SWOT analysis as a result of a qualitative and a quantitative evaluation, pointing out strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the proposed model. Abstract Cities are complex, networked and continuously changing social ecosystems, shaped and transformed through the interaction of different interests and ambitions. They are linked to places, where various aspects of past events are projected and expressed by means of personal memories and narrations (urban memory), representing a promise for future: a vision of freedom, creativity, opportunity and prosperity. At the same time, technology is currently promoting unprecedented changes in urban areas, which are often marked as smart city developments. This paper studies the history of cultural and creative industries, bringing forward the dedicated digital storytelling strategies that promote active audience engagement in urban cultural heritage. A collaborative model is proposed and analyzed (in multiple perspectives), aiming at providing an integrated manner for heritage documentation, management and dissemination. The development deals with the Digital City of Thessaloniki, Greece, a big city, not a boundless one, rich in culture, but with rather poor heritage management mechanisms. The research focuses on theoretical and practical aspects for the citizens' collection and interpretation of "digital heritage" documents (artifacts, places, etc.), resulting in a model that fuels audience engagement and collaboration of cultural organizations. Model-design is validated through state-of-the-art review and formative evaluation processes (both qualitative and quantitative), with an associated SWOT analysis that points out strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Although the proposed methodology has been adapted to the needs of a particular (digital) city, the current paper goes beyond a case study, as it brings forward novel technological and methodological guidelines, which could be successfully deployed in districts with similar cultural, geographical, and technical features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A World Heritage Site must be of outstanding universal value and meet at least one out of ten selection criteria that in some respect as a geographically and historically identifiable place having special cultural or physical significance. Therefore, an increasing number of World Heritage Sites have been developed to be the tourist attractions worldwide. Tourism resources of the World Cultural Heritage Sites are used for protecting the heritage and providing better service for the tourists. Therefore, achieving a reasonable and effective resource allocation and resource supervising system is required. This research aims at solving such problem. The artificial intelligence techniques, especially the neural network algorithm is used in this research to complete massive calculations, including facing detecting and recognising, resource elements parameters calculation, and so forth. Creative computing theories and methods are working for combining the tourism area with computer science area. To express the system more explicitly, a case about Hailongtun World Cultural Heritage Site, which located in the Guizhou province in China, is used for testing the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crisis of multiculturalism is commonly associated with the intensification of international migrations and their consequences in the host countries. The relevance of this work - supported by exploratory research based on the implementation of multiple methods - is the proposal of an alternative to the current Western discourse on the phenomenon of international migrations and its political and sociocultural long-term impact. In this context, culture is an essential element to spread the values of tolerance, dialogue and mutual understanding. The role of culture and cultural heritage is thus emphasised not only within the process of integration of refugees and asylum seekers, but also as measure to overcome the identity crisis occurring in Western countries, which in turn we believe to be among the main causes of the crisis of multiculturalism. In this context, cultural heritage managers' new responsibilities are complex: on the one hand, to boost public participation in enhancing local heritage, on the other, to support migrants' cultures and the promotion of intercultural competencies within society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Il Capitale Culturale: Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage is the property of Il Capitale Culturale Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Il Capitale Culturale: Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage is the property of Il Capitale Culturale Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Il Capitale Culturale: Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage is the property of Il Capitale Culturale Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tourism is one of the most important activities in a country's general economy and one of the main goals of each country's development, such as promoting the interests of its citizens, economic development and employment, regional development, cultural property management and natural and strengthening the identity of all citizens.Although facing more problems in different stages of development in the Republic of Kosovo, tourism development is already moving in the same direction as the overall development of the country's economy.The Republic of Kosovo has sufficient tourist potential, yet this potential has not been sufficiently exploited.Therefore, a national strategy is needed where the country will first need to identify, develop and implement a modern tourism concept to attract local and foreign tourists. Kosovo, placing itself in the center of the Balkan Peninsula as a tourist destination, is an important area that can be involved in the development of tourism in the region and Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the approach used to create the digital cultural heritage map (hereafter, c.h.) of the mountain village of Cancellara and its territory, located in Basilicata, Southern Italy. The map is thought to be an exhaustive georeferenced catalogue of sites of cultural interest to bring fresh insights and new life to the c.h. and support decisions for their protection, management and valorization by the municipality and public bodies, national and regional, designated to fulfil the duties in ensuring the protection and accessibility of cultural heritage. A digital c.h. map is also important and useful for scholars who conduct studies and investigations as well as for private companies and cultural associations which work in the field of Cultural and Creative Industry. This map allows access to information useful for the reconstruction of the history of the place, dispersed among various private and public archives or unpublished. The map includes a chart at the territory scale, and more detail for the built-up area and its historical centre. It summarises data from heterogeneous sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the extraordinary archaeological site of Pompeii, the Porta Nocera necropolis represents one of the most important sites with funerary monuments, burials and associated graves. The inherent informative potential of the archaeological/monumental heritage present in the Porta Nocera necropolis poses notable problems for the conservation and restoration of the structures and surfaces of the funerary monuments. Brought to light at different times during the second half of last century, they show signs of degradation caused by atmospheric agents and the rising level of the water table, which threatens the foundations. Other important monuments could be still buried. In order to verify both the state of preservation of the foundations of funerary buildings, the presence of still active causes of deterioration and the probable presence of other buried archaeological structures, integrated geophysical surveys, with ground penetrating radar (GPR), passive (Self Potential—SP) and active electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), were undertaken. Furthermore a three-dimensional model of the entire necropolis was created. This involved the creation of a specific survey methodology, combining laser scanning with ortho-photogrammetry using shots taken on the ground and from the air by the use of a drone. The integration of the acquired data allows us to plan future interventions of restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is inserted into the framework of inverse scattering with application to Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data and is meant to provide a method helping to apply inverse scattering algorithms to electrically large investigation domains. In particular, we focus on the depth slices that are particularly important in application on cultural heritage and propose in relationship with the depth slices a strategy that we will call “shifting zoom” that is specifically a method to mitigate the effects of the limited view angle in the linear tomographic inversion applied to GPR data. In particular, this paper is an extended version of the contribution (Persico et al. in: Proceedings of Imeko international conference on metrology for archaeology and cultural heritage, Lecce, Italy, 2017a), published in the Proceedings of the conference metrology for archaeology 2017. We propose here a validation of the shifting zoom versus experimental data gathered in a controlled test site, and we will show the effect of the shifting zoom on depth slices achieved from these data after a linear inverse scattering processing has been applied for their focusing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a state of the art of the use of declassified satellite Corona for archaeological application and deals with the use of historical archives of Corona and aerial photographs for detecting ancient hidden cultural relics that may be completely lost in the modern landscape veiled by current land uses and land covers. Geospatial analysis is adopted to identify, extract and map the subtle archaeological features and cultural landscape of the lost Han-Wei Forbidden City in the Henan Province (China). It was one of the most important cities of ancient China, served as the capital for a long period, from the Eastern Zhou (2600 BP, Zhou Dynasty) to the Eastern Han and Wei Dynasties (1900-1500 BP). Outputs from our investigations clearly provided evidence of numerous buried structures of potential archaeological interest that were compared with historical documentation and excavations carried out in the area. The geospatial analysis, applied both to aerial photograph and to Corona pictures, enabled us to discover a number of unknown sub-palaces and structures, thus providing new insights for this important archaeological area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable management and exploitation policies as well as suitable conservation and mitigation strategies are mandatory to preserve cultural heritage and to reduce threats, weathering phenomena, and human actions that may produce significant deterioration and alteration of cultural heritage and “its environment”. In this context, remote sensing technologies can offer useful data to timely update information and documentation and set up reliable tools for systematic monitoring of cultural properties. In this study, multi-temporal and multi-sensor satellite data from Corona, Landsat, Spot, Quickbird, and Sentinel-2A have been exploited along with spatial analysis to investigate the area of the Theban temples at west Luxor (Egypt), severely threatened by uncontrolled urban sprawl. The results from our analyses showed that the urban expansion continuously occurred during the whole investigated period causing an increasing in urban areas around (1) 1.316 km2 from 1967 to 1984, (2) 1.705 km2 from 1984 to 2000, (3) 0.978 km2 from 2000 to 2003, (4) 2.314 km2 from 2003 to 2011, and (5) 1.377 km2 from 2011 to 2017. The random urban expansion caused bad sewage networks and high groundwater depth which in turn affected the archaeological areas directly (as evident on a landscape view) and indirectly by causing changes (growing) in the level of ground water depth and increasing and accelerating weathering phenomena. The quantification and mapping of urban sprawl enabled us not only to quantify and spatially characterize urban sprawl but also to create a model to mitigate the impact and provide some operational recommendations to protect the archaeological site. Outcomes from our analysis pointed out that today the tremendous availability of advanced remote sensing data has opened new prospectives unthinkable several years ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a study conducted by the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering of Portugal (LNEC), in cooperation with the Defense University Center at the Spanish Naval Academy and “La Sapienza,” University of Rome, to assess the health and safety conditions of the Noble Hall floor in the São Carlos National Theater (Lisbon, Portugal). In a multidisciplinary approach, extensive fieldwork was carried out. The survey included the location and characterization of beams in the various areas of the floor by using two ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems equipped with two different ground- or air-coupled antennas, local inspection openings to visually assess the geometry, timber species and conservation state of structural members, and an assessment of the conservation state of the timber beam ends using drilling equipment. All the tests performed and the results obtained are presented. The potential of using non-destructive tests for the inspection of timber cultural heritage structures, particularly GPR, is discussed, and some practical recommendations are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural heritage has undergone a paradigm shift in recent decades. Museums in particular have changed from being a house of treasures to be admired by visitors, to being a place where objects provide the context for new interpretations. Today, visitors are provided with an opportunity to participate and co-create meaning. At the same time a UK government requirement for accountability has pushed the sector towards business management and professionalisation. This new context has forced conservators to respond by aligning themselves with these trends. In order to stay relevant conservators have to take on an active role in facilitating audience participation and increased access to collections, while at the same time improving their efficiency and accountability. Preservation frameworks have played a significant role in enabling conservators to respond to these changed needs within the sector. Crucially, preservation frameworks have encouraged conservation professionals to collaborate with colleagues from across an entire organisation. Having gained a broader understanding of the context within which they work, preservation frameworks have also allowed conservators to systematically collate and analyse data and present these to their stakeholders in a language understood by them. The review of a number of case studies reveals that preservation frameworks help conservators understand the bigger picture and be influential at the right levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of storage techniques for historical collection (STASHc) developed by the Foundation for the American Institute for Conservation (FAIC) and the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections (SPNHC). Topics discussed include the design of the STASHc website for gathering and storing collections of cultural property, its use as an online resource for museum professionals, and description of the various articles and resources that can be found on the website.

The Reform of Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism (L.171/2014) has resulted in the restructuring of the Ministry and its organization, redefining the relations between the central and peripheral bodies and external stakeholders. The study is focused on the reform process that involves the Italian state museums highlighting the changes that led to a strengthening of the process of decentralization, streamlining tasks, and granting autonomy. The study begins with an analysis of the evolutionary path of public reforms in the museum sector and analyzes the law texts related to the Italian state museums through the network governance perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the management of an industrial heritage site in Sweden, which local stakeholders and heritage planners have claimed to be successful. This status of excellence is investigated in relation to the general, county-wide applied heritage planning. The results show that key factors for successful management of the industrial heritage site are not related only to conservation work, but also to personal engagement, sense of responsibility, and well-being among participants. However, heritage planners generally lack methods to address immaterial values and socio-economic benefits of engaging in heritage activities, resulting in a separation between physical and communal aspects of heritage planning. The results highlight the issue of professional legitimacy and the challenges for heritage planners to address regional policy objectives, such as finding ways to utilise historic landscapes in destination-driven strategies and to simultaneously support civil engagement in heritage-related issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a society like this one, based on knowledge and computerization, constantly facing new challenges, high-quality academic education is a necessity for progress in all fields of activity, in order to achieve new standards of education and culture, civilization and knowledge . Compared with the developed societies, members of sustainable communities are more involved in environmental protection and are more interested in controlling phenomena that would harm the quality of the environment. The state also allocates larger funds in this sector, invests in clean technology and depollution, but especially in the preservation of natural heritage, which proves to be particularly important for the community. Through this paper, we want to show that research as an objective is a necessity for the economic development of society and as the main vector of the dissemination of information at the level of the university environment has an important place in the modern society, starting from the very basis of philosophy, to constantly seek and preserve the beauty, dynamics and nature's specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, cultural heritage planning and decision-making operate under considerable climate, political, and financial uncertainties and constraints. Consequently, decision-makers are often left making value-laden judgments of what to preserve, restore, and maintain in their best judgments, which can leave them open to criticism for not protecting the cultural resources most important to various and diverse stakeholder groups. Thus, a transparent and robust process to optimally maintain cultural heritage values for present and future generations is needed. We address this knowledge gap by developing a novel, transparent, and value-based measurement framework for assessing relative “historical significance” and “use potential” of diverse historic buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places (United States). Measures of historical significance include: the association of a building with the purpose of a NPS site's foundation, the current physical condition of a building, the building's historic character, and National Register listing criteria. Specific measures of use potential consider the importance of historic building's operational, third party, visitor, interpretative, and scientific uses. The application of the framework is presented using a subset of buildings located within two separately listed historic districts at Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina. The framework focuses on the current status of the cultural resource's significance and use potential while acknowledging that corresponding attributes, metrics and weights can change over time and should be regularly updated. It is hoped that the historical significance and use potential framework can assist the decision-makers and stakeholders, and better inform both the cultural heritage management and allocation prioritization for climate adaptation planning when it is applied in tandem with climate change vulnerability assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic tourists in Ethiopia make visits to religious and cultural heritage sites for different factors and on different social and economic status. The objective of this section is to explore the major motivation factors for local tourists to travel to one of the major religious and cultural sites of Amhara Region, Lalibela. Understanding tourists' behaviors, their motivation to a destination, perceptions about a destination are all considered essential inputs in the destination marketing, market segmentation, and destinations management efforts. Primary source for my research was collected by survey questionnaire from 280 respondents (domestic tourists) by a structured questionnaire at Lalibela 6-8 January 2016. Exploratory factor analysis was used to explore the intrinsic motives of travellers to Lalibela. The results indicated that spirituality, followed by curiosity and stimulation, are the most important factors in forming travel motivation, while escape, business and, nostalgia are the least important ones. The recommendations are directed to policy makers and governmental organizations at different levels; the private sector firms working in tourism related businesses and researchers, consultants to make note of the motivations of domestic tourists to religious/heritage sites in the region to satisfy the needs of tourists at destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper sets out the theoretical basis for the management of cultural heritage in general and archaeological heritage in particular. It came into being in the context of the cross- -border project "Claustra - The Stone Ramparts of the Roman Empire" and therefore takes into account conditions in heritage management in both Slovenia and Croatia. On the basis of an analysis of the situation, the key weaknesses of the present method of management are set out, and a modern systemic approach to the issue is formulated, taking into account the standards of cultural heritage management adopted by two key international organisations in the conservation field, namely the Council of Europe and UNESCO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there are various threats encountering the cultural heritage worldwide. Indeed, these threats make conservation and management of cultural heritage a complex process to deal with. Since the 1970s, the UNESCO started to issue many guidelines and charters related to the management and conservation of the cultural heritage. Meanwhile, the Cultural Heritage Management (CHM) including sustainability has become a significant concept especially in the European countries. Turkey and Egypt are famous for their diversified cultural and natural heritage attractions which give an opportunity for both countries to be appealing tourist destinations Nevertheless, cultural heritage of Turkey and Egypt suffers from several major problems at present. All of these require a selective policy, urgent conservation, constant monitoring, protection, and maintenance. This paper aims to examine and compare cultural heritage management in both countries according to specific criteria which will evaluate the current situation of the cultural heritage management in Turkey and Egypt from different aspects (legal framework, institutional/administrational framework, resources, and current challenges). Also, this paper shows how the cultural heritage management has been developed in both countries. Generally, it highlights the increasing importance of cultural heritage management. Furthermore; it will emphasize the significance of sustainability practices in managing world heritage sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural policies have developed in Galicia significantly since the establishment of the 1981 Statute of Galician Autonomy. The Galician government has played a key role in the Galician cultural scene. However, the civil and, especially, private sectors have made a substantial contribution to the promotion of different areas of Galician culture. This article presents an overview of Galician cultural policies focusing on the area of cultural heritage management in the global era, particularly on the uses of new information and communication technologies and digitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the notion of «Glocal Galicia» this essay focuses on the series of architectural, political, and economic enterprises carried out to transform the remote site known as Campus Stellae first into a sacred pan-European journey's end in the Middle Ages--via the Camiño de Santiago (Way of St. James)--and then into a 21st century global destination that works within Disneyfication processes. Particular attention is paid to two distinct productions of material space--the securing in the 12st century of metropolitan status for Santiago de Compostela, and the inauguration on January 2011 of the incomplete Cidade da Cultura de Galicia (City of Culture of Galicia). In both instances, each architectural endeavor sought to supersede its locality while exposing the manners in which space, place, and capital are intertwined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One hundred years (1918-2018) after the Kingdom of Romania's union with Transylvania and Banat, through this paper the authors present the results of the study carried out during the period 2016-2018 regarding the touristic and cultural patrimony of Banat. Cultural tourism is one of the five main forms of tourism: seaside tourism, mountain tourism, spa tourism, active tourism in protected areas and cultural tourism. Cultural tourism is the form of tourism that places the cultural attraction at the centre of the offer. Cultural tourism is a journey for body and soul. Cultural tourism should not take place as a mere journey, nor as an "on-the-run" trip to "check" as many cultural objectives as possible per day. The historic Banat is the "land between the rivers", being bounded to the north by the Mures River, to the west by the Tisa River, to the south by the Danube River, and to the east by the Cerna River and the mountain chain (Godeanu Mountains and Ţarcu Mountains) past the Gugu Peak (2291 m) and closing the Iron Gates of Transylvania in the Retezat Mountains. The region spreads on an area of 28,526 square kilometres, a surface comparable to that of Belgium, of which today two thirds (18,966 square kilometres) belong to Romania, one third, the western section, to Serbia (9,276 square kilometres), and a small corner around Szeged, to Hungary (284 sq. km). Today, the Banat on the territory of Romania is a "country of offerings" grace to the 100 offerings identified and presented as touristic attractions for the Romanian cultural tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural heritage applications within smart city environments are becoming extremely popular to public authorities. The success of such applications lies on several factors like user-friendliness and data presentation as well as the amount and accuracy of cultural data they can offer to users, static or mobile, on-demand. This paper presents the design and implementation of a multipurpose, multidiscipline digital platform that manages, preserves and disseminates tangible and intangible cultural heritage information, in a trustworthy manner, appropriate for the everyday use in smart city digital environments. Platform's trustworthiness is mainly ensured by applying specific authorization mechanisms based on an extended role-based access control scheme. The platform integrates a mobile services module that can host and support smartphone applications for the direct collection, digitization and dissemination of cultural heritage content. Moreover, we make an attempt to address various stakeholders who benefit from such a platform. In this direction we have designed and implemented a series of real life usage scenarios. The proposed platform is evaluated against other online digital platforms that host cultural heritage content. Evaluation results suggest that the presented platform could become a participatory system that targets not only experts and artists, but also amateurs and enthusiasts of cultural heritage. This vast and heterogeneous user base could be the only feasible way to support data-hungry ecosystems like smart city digital environments, by providing cultural information at any time and place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2016 the International Council of Museums (ICOM) selected Museums and Cultural Landscapes as their International Museum Day and General Conference theme. The discussion was led by ICOM Italy who hosted the 2016 General Conference with their Sienna Charter on Museums and Cultural Landscapes. The South African National Committees of ICOM (ICOMSA) and the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS-SA) initiated a project to discuss a cultural landscape approach as a tool to develop responses to the transformation and de-colonialisation debate around memorials, to develop inclusive museological models and to propose closer cooperation between the museum and heritage sectors. The project participants were, with a few exceptions, mainly museum and heritage practitioners, and the discussion can therefore be seen as the view of practitioners rather than from academic or community perceptions of museum and heritage practice. This paper provides an overview of these discussions that formed part of the project and in the eventual formulation in 2016 of a Declaration on Museums and Cultural Landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article was presented at the 2017 Annual Conference of the National Association of Environmental Professionals, in Durham, North Carolina. The presentation described case studies for public properties being managed at the federal and state level, where significant historical resources and unique archeological resources are known to be present or have a high probability to be present. This article focuses on the exemplary and proactive investigation undertaken by the County of Los Angeles Department of Parks and Recreation to complete evaluations and prepare an inventory of structures, buildings, objects, and sites to assess their eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, the California Register of Historical Resources, and/or the County of Los Angeles Register of Landmarks and Historic Districts. The County of Los Angeles park system is in one of the nation’s largest municipal park systems, serving 10.02 million residents. The inventory was undertaken to identify those structures, buildings, objects, and sites that are eligible individually or as a historic district and provide guidelines for management consistent with the Secretary of the Interior’sStandards for the Treatment of Historic Propertiesand the National Park Service’sPreservation Briefs. In addition to the inventory and evaluation, the project led to development of a Worker Education and Awareness Program (WEAP) and a Cultural Resource Management Plan (CRMP). The case study and management approach will be outlined in a manner that would be suitable for application to federal, state, or local park systems or individual properties. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]