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Abstract: This study explores the pivotal concept of “objective possibility” within Lukács’s History and Class Consciousness, a concept that has received less attention compared to more prominent ideas such as reification or totality. Lukács frequently refers to “objective possibility” and related terms in essays like “What Is Orthodox Marxism?” and “Class Consciousness,” emphasizing its importance in understanding class consciousness theoretically. The term’s roots for Lukács derive from Max Weber’s methodological writings, which drew from John Stuart Mill and Johannes von Kries and applied to historical and social causation. However, Lukács diverges from Weber’s use, focusing not on counterfactual historical events but on latent historical tensions in the present that can be actualized through collective action. The study argues that Lukács integrates Weberian objective possibility with Marxist and Hegelian language, utilizing it within a modal social ontology. This approach allows Lukács to theorize key questions of class consciousness, historical action, and revolution. By drawing on Hegel’s dialectics of possibility, actuality, and necessity, as well as Marxian contradictions in material conditions, Lukács reconfigures objective possibility from a heuristic tool for the writing of history to an ontologically significant element in the field of historical action.

Utilizing the solution casting technique, polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) films including polyethylene oxide and chitosan (PEO/CS) doped with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) as nanoceramic were successfully synthesized. The study investigated how varying TiO2 nanoparticle concentrations influenced the structural, optical properties, and antibacterial activity of the polymeric matrix. XRD patterns revealed an increase in the amorphous nature of the polymer blend as the content of TiO2 NPs inside the PEO/CS blend grew. The FT-IR analysis confirmed the interaction between TiO2 NPs and the PEO/CS blend. This confirmation is attributed to the observed vibrational changes upon the incorporation of TiO2 dopant into the polymer matrix. The UV–visible spectrum aided in the determination of optical energy band gaps (both direct and indirect), showing reductions in both Egd and Egin with higher TiO2 concentrations. SEM highlighted the partial compatibility between PEO/CS and TiO2, while transmission electron microscopy depicted spherical TiO2 NPs with diameters ranging from approximately 9 to 25 nm. Antimicrobial assessments indicated heightened efficacy in all nanocomposite samples compared to the pure PEO/CS composite, with a linear correlation to the quantity of TiO2 nanoparticles present. These findings strongly suggest the potential of these nanocomposites for food packaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The development of novel materials for electrodes with high energy densities is essential to the advancement of energy storage technologies. In this study, N -doped layered porous carbon with ZIF-67-derived binary CoFe 2 O 4 -Fe particles was successfully fabricated by the pyrolysis of an Fe-based chitosan (CS) hydrogel mixed with ZIF-67 particles. Various characterization techniques were employed to assess the performance of the prepared porous CoFe 2 O 4 -Fe@NC composite. This composite exhibits excellent performance owing to the effective combination of multivalent CoFe 2 O 4 -Fe particles derived from ZIF-67 with N -doped porous carbon substances with a high surface area, which helps to accelerate ion and charge transfer. The specific capacitance of the CoFe 2 O 4 -Fe@NC composite carbonized at 700 °C reached 3960.9F/g at 1 A/g. When this composite is combined with activated carbon (AC) to construct an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC), a density of energy of up to 84.9 W h kg−1 is attained at a power capacity of 291.6 W kg−1. Moreover, this composite maintained a capacitance retention of up to 94.9 % after 10,000 cycles. This work offers new perspectives on high-performance supercapacitors and their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work looks at the inhibitory effects of a diolefinic dye, namely 1,4-bis((E)-2-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl) vinyl) benzene iodide salt, in relation to CS corrosion mitigation in hydrochloric acid (HCl) environment. This study uses a variety of experimental methodologies, including weight loss (WL) analysis, electrochemical tests, and theoretical considerations. The synergistic effect of diolefinic dye and AgNPs on the corrosion inhibition of CS in 1 M HCl was investigated. The inhibition efficiency (IE) displays a notable enhancement as the concentration of the dye is elevated and as the temperature raises the IE increases. The diolefinic dye exhibited % IE of 83% even at low concentration (1 × 10–4 M) whereas 90% in the presence of (2.26 × 10–10) AgNPs. Tafel graphs demonstrate that the dye follows a mixed type inhibitor. The adsorption of the dye on CS surface follows Langmuir model. Moreover, the influence of temperature and the activation parameters disclose that diolefinic dye is chemisorbed on the CS surface. The synergistic coefficient of the diolefinic dye and AgNPs under various concentration conditions was greater than unity. The surface morphology of CS sheets was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations provide theoretical support for the inhibitory effects of the examined dye. Notably, there is a high agreement between the findings of practical studies and theoretical expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compares bio-inspired optimization algorithms for enhancing an ANN-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) forecast system under partial shading conditions in photovoltaic systems. Four algorithms—grey wolf optimizer (GWO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), squirrel search algorithm (SSA), and cuckoo search (CS)—were evaluated, with the dataset augmented by perturbations to simulate shading. The standard ANN performed poorly, with 64 neurons in Layer 1 and 32 in Layer 2 (MSE of 159.9437, MAE of 8.0781). Among the optimized approaches, GWO, with 66 neurons in Layer 1 and 100 in Layer 2, achieved the best prediction accuracy (MSE of 11.9487, MAE of 2.4552) and was computationally efficient (execution time of 1198.99 s). PSO, using 98 neurons in Layer 1 and 100 in Layer 2, minimized MAE (2.1679) but had a slightly longer execution time (1417.80 s). SSA, with the same neuron count as GWO, also performed well (MSE 12.1500, MAE 2.7003) and was the fastest (987.45 s). CS, with 84 neurons in Layer 1 and 74 in Layer 2, was less reliable (MSE 33.7767, MAE 3.8547) and slower (1904.01 s). GWO proved to be the best overall, balancing accuracy and speed. Future real-world applications of this methodology include improving energy efficiency in solar farms under variable weather conditions and optimizing the performance of residential solar panels to reduce energy costs. Further optimization developments could address more complex and larger-scale datasets in real-time, such as integrating renewable energy sources into smart grid systems for better energy distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a highly demanded medical imaging system due to high resolution, large volumetric coverage, and ability to capture the dynamic and functional information of body organs e.g. cardiac MRI is employed to assess cardiac structure and evaluate blood flow dynamics through the cardiac valves. Long scan time is the main drawback of MRI, which makes it difficult for the patients to remain still during the scanning process. Objective: By collecting fewer measurements, MRI scan time can be shortened, but this undersampling causes aliasing artifacts in the reconstructed images. Advanced image reconstruction algorithms have been used in literature to overcome these undersampling artifacts. These algorithms are computationally expensive and require a long time for reconstruction which makes them infeasible for real-time clinical applications e.g. cardiac MRI. However, exploiting the inherent parallelism in these algorithms can help to reduce their computation time. Methods: Low-rank plus sparse (L+S) matrix decomposition model is a technique used in literature to reconstruct the highly undersampled dynamic MRI (dMRI) data at the expense of long reconstruction time. In this paper, Compressed Singular Value Decomposition (cSVD) model is used in L+S decomposition model (instead of conventional SVD) to reduce the reconstruction time. The results provide improved quality of the reconstructed images. Furthermore, it has been observed that cSVD and other parts of the L+S model possess highly parallel operations; therefore, a customized GPU based parallel architecture of the modified L+S model has been presented to further reduce the reconstruction time. Results: Four cardiac MRI datasets (three different cardiac perfusion acquired from different patients and one cardiac cine data), each with different acceleration factors of 2, 6 and 8 are used for experiments in this paper. Experimental results demonstrate that using the proposed parallel architecture for the reconstruction of cardiac perfusion data provides a speed-up factor up to 19.15× (with memory latency) and 70.55× (without memory latency) in comparison to the conventional CPU reconstruction with no compromise on image quality. Conclusion: The proposed method is well-suited for real-time clinical applications, offering a substantial reduction in reconstruction time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To protect the rectum and bladder from high dose exposure, the Japanese guidelines for managing uterine cervical carcinoma recommend pelvic irradiation with central shielding (CS). Conversely, the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) and the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) guidelines recommend delivering ≥85 Gy to high-risk clinical target volume D 90 (CTV HR D 90%). In this study, we investigated whether a gel spacer can enable the safe delivery of the ESTRO/ABS-recommended doses to the target while observing dose constraints for the OARs without using CS in external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Twenty patients who received definitive radiation therapy without CS and were treated by brachytherapy with a gel spacer between 2017 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The cumulative doses of EBRT and brachytherapy treatment outcomes and incidence of adverse events were also examined. The median cumulative CTV HR D 90% , rectum D 2cm3 , and bladder D 2cm3 were 86.6 Gy, 62.9 Gy, and 72.0 Gy, respectively. The 2-year local control rate was 95%. There were no CTCAE ≥Grade 3 late gastrointestinal or genitourinary adverse events. The use of gel spacer can enable ESTRO/ABS-recommended dose constraints even without using CS in EBRT, with favorable outcomes and low adverse event rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The current work looks at the inhibitory effects of a diolefinic dye, namely 1,4-bis((E)-2-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl) vinyl) benzene iodide salt, in relation to CS corrosion mitigation in hydrochloric acid (HCl) environment. This study uses a variety of experimental methodologies, including weight loss (WL) analysis, electrochemical tests, and theoretical considerations. The synergistic effect of diolefinic dye and AgNPs on the corrosion inhibition of CS in 1 M HCl was investigated. The inhibition efficiency (IE) displays a notable enhancement as the concentration of the dye is elevated and as the temperature raises the IE increases. The diolefinic dye exhibited % IE of 83% even at low concentration (1 × 10–4 M) whereas 90% in the presence of (2.26 × 10–10) AgNPs. Tafel graphs demonstrate that the dye follows a mixed type inhibitor. The adsorption of the dye on CS surface follows Langmuir model. Moreover, the influence of temperature and the activation parameters disclose that diolefinic dye is chemisorbed on the CS surface. The synergistic coefficient of the diolefinic dye and AgNPs under various concentration conditions was greater than unity. The surface morphology of CS sheets was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations provide theoretical support for the inhibitory effects of the examined dye. Notably, there is a high agreement between the findings of practical studies and theoretical expectations.

A global concern in recent years has been the formal incorporation of computing and digital technology subjects into high school curricula. Despite many initiatives to make these subjects accessible to students, significant barriers to uptake remain in many countries. In this study we convened a panel of 32 academic, research, and other experts from several countries, to participate in a three round Delphi study with the goal of identifying ways to improve student participation for high school computer science and programming subjects in New Zealand. The study explored barriers and challenges, potential solutions and future scenarios, as well as implementation ideas for the most important solutions across five domains: Computer Science and Programming Standards, Resources, Support, Assessment, and Student-centred factors. Together these three Delphi rounds were synthesized into a framework summarizing challenges and potential solutions, including suggestions relating to the implementation of those solutions, alongside key aspects of a likely and a desirable future scenario regarding high school computing in New Zealand. The framework, which is the major result of this study, was designed with the intention to summarise and present potential ways to increase student participation and engagement for computer science and programming standards. We hope that this framework will be of interest to government, teachers, schools, industry, universities and other key stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan and vinyl polymer have notably contributed to critical engineering and medical applications. This study focused on combining these biopolymers with the reinforcement of unique graphene to fabricate newly quaternary biopolymers-based nanocomposites for the first time for notable characterizations and properties. The nano chitosan (CS) doped graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet was mixed with two selected vinyl family polymers with different end vinyl functionalities, polyvinyl propylene (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). It was mixed separately with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and CS-doped GO nanosheets to fabricate new PVP-PAA-CS/GO (Ps) and PVV-PAA-CS/GO (Ns) nanocomposites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy exhibited strong hydrogen bonding between the component matrix with different behaviors of nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction results revealed different semicrystalline behavior of nanocomposites due to changing the vinyl polymers. Field emission scanning electron microscopy presented good homogeneity and fine dispersion of nanomaterials with different fracture surface behavior of two nanocomposites. UV–visible spectrophotometer utilized absorption peaks at 260 nm of Ps and 300 nm of Ns nanocomposites; the energy gap improved the forbidden indirect transition from 3.4 to 2.95 eV and 3.9 to 3.2 eV, respectively. The inhibition zone of bacteria presented the best result of Ps nanocomposites, which improved from 6.2 mm to 14 mm S. aureus bacteria ranged, whereas 7 mm to 11 mm was the range for group Ns. Meanwhile, Ps revealed the best inhibitory of E. coli from 19 to 23 mm and 18 to 20 mm for Ns nanocomposites compared to S. aureus. These new nanocomposites presented promising for biological and opto-electro applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasise the importance of clean air (SDG 3 and SDG 11.6). Japan faces challenges in air quality prediction, especially in rural areas, because of the absence of a climate-specific calibration model and limited deployment of low-cost sensors. Our study compared three sensor types: low-cost pre-assembled and pre-calibrated sensors (PurpleAir); self-assembled low-cost sensors (Citizen Science Project); and highly accurate weather stations, focusing on PM2.5 values. Linear and generalised linear mixed models show potential for low-cost sensor calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An influx of smart spaces that are now connected to the IoT network has increased new forms of cyber threats; thus, a need for more effective IDS to deal with these complex cyber threats. Traditional security measures cannot solve the modern problem of protecting IoT devices as they are a complex and homogeneously distributed network. Advancements and development of Artificial intelligent (AI) and machine learning technologies have provided new hope to make more reliable IDS. Our study presents Particle Swarm Optimization integrated Light-Weight Gradient Boosting Machine, abbreviated as LGBM-PSO in which, the PSO algorithm is applied for hyper parameters optimization in the model training. Based on the ensemble methodology, a new model for network intrusion detection is proposed in this study to improve the accuracy of the technique proposed. As for the current study project, the “DS2OS” dataset was employed to execute the suggested task. All of the data obtained from the traces of the smart devices placed in a smart home environment are incorporated in this dataset. The IDS model comprises several stages, one of which comprises data preprocessing that entails data cleaning, normalization, and encoding of network traffic data. Feature selection and dimensionality reduction are used which leads to the optimization of the dataset in this case. The core of the model comprises four classifiers: The compared models are Decision Tree (DT), LGBM-PSO, Light Gradient Boost Machine (LGBM), and Extreme Gradient Boost (XGB). Each of these classifiers can be combined with a majority voting ensemble method to increase the reliability of the predictions. The suggested model's accuracy that is LGBM-PSO is the highest with a value of 99.89%. The corresponding figures for the training data are 99.79%. Stand on the testing data proving the efficiency and stability of the algorithm. The use of the ensemble approach is superior especially when using a complex model like LGBM-PSO in the field of intrusion detection. As a result, high accuracy, optimized time, and effective threat identification ensure that it is a useful tool in strengthening security in the different applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IRC+10216 is the typical carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch star, and more than 100 species have been observed in its circumstellar envelope so far. The use of interferometric arrays to map molecular emission in this source has been widely reported, but to study the angular extent of molecular emission, singledish mapping must be employed. We report here the mapping of the 13CO J = 1-0 and CS J = 2-1 lines towards IRC+10216 using the 13.7 m mm-wave radio telescope at Purple Mountain Observatory. As far as we know, these maps are the largest published 13CO J = 2-1 and CS J = 2-1 images to date. Both molecules have roughly spherically symmetric distribution, with 13CO having an emission radius of over 80"and CS extending up to ~50". Assuming that the two molecules are in local thermodynamic equilibrium, the column density and fractional abundance relative to H2 for 13CO and the lower limits for CS are obtained. They are 4.35 × 1016 cm-2 and > 4.72 × 1014 cm-2, and 5.25 × 10-5 and > 2.56 × 10-7 for 13CO and CS, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The rising global rates of cesarean sections (CS) and pregnancies with CS history necessitate the assessment of uterine scar integrity, potentially using transabdominal or transvaginal ultrasounds as a predictive tool. Aim: To compare the accuracy and utility of transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound in measuring lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness at term. Materials and Methods: We conducted a thorough search on Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The investigation utilized both text terms and medical subject headings, such as LUS Thickness, (CS), Transabdominal Ultrasound (TAS), Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVS), Scar Dehiscence, Rupture of uterus, Vaginal Birth following Cesarean, Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC). Also, we conducted a thorough investigation on ClinicalTrials.gov and examined the references cited in selected materials and reviews to discover any more pertinent observational research. Results: This meta-analysis incorporated data from 9 studies involving 1,789 patients to assess the differences in lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness measured by (TAS) and (TVS). The studies included participants aged eighteen to 44 years, with a BMI range of 20.7 to 50.4 kilogram/metrer² and gestational ages from 36 to 40 weeks. Our combined analysis revealed a statistically significant variance in LUS thickness between the groups (Z = 4.42, P < 0.0001), highlighting the potential of ultrasound measurement techniques in predicting uterine scar complications. Conclusion: The findings support the clinical use of LUS measurement, particularly via transvaginal sonography (TVS), as valuable tool in guiding delivery decisions, especially for those considering a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obstetric hemorrhage is the most prevalent cause of maternal death. Uterine atony accounts for around 80% of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) cases. Objectives: This study aimed to compare between oxytocin and carbetocin in the prevention of PPH in Caesarean section (CS). Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out on 100 female participants with risk factors of PPH delivered by CS at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Menoufia University Hospitals. They were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 that included 50 pregnant women who received 100 mcg/ml of carbetocin and group 2 that included 50 pregnant women who received 10 IU of oxytocin infusion (8ml/m over one hour). All participants were subjected to full medical history and full clinical examination. Vital signs, intraoperative blood loss estimation, routine investigations (CBC, ABO, Rh, RBS, Coagulation profile, S. creatinine & urinalysis and LFT), and obstetric US were done for all females. Results: Overall 100 participants that were recruited, there was no significant difference regarding demographic data. Group 2 (oxytocin) had significantly lower hemoglobin levels and hematocrit l2 hours & 24 hours postoperatively. Group 1 had better uterine contractions than group 2. There were 17 cases in group 2 that needed additional uterotonic drugs with a p-value <0.001. There were 6 cases in group 2 that developed PPH and 4 of them needed blood transfusion. Conclusion: A single intravenous injection of carbetocin (100 mcg) was more effective than a continuous intravenous infusion of oxytocin (10 IU) for maintaining uterine tone and prevention of PPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor that occurs in the nasopharynx. Although advances in detection and treatment have improved the prognosis of NPC the treatment of advanced NPC remains challenging. Here, we explored the effect of microRNA (miR)-122-5p on erastin-induced ferroptosis in NPC cells and the role of ferroptosis in the development of NPC. The effect of miR-122-5p silencing and overexpression and the effect of citrate synthase on erastin-induced lipid peroxidation in NPC cells was analyzed by measuring the amounts of malondialdehyde, Fe2+, glutathione, and reactive oxygen species and the morphological alterations of mitochondria. The malignant biological behavior of NPC cells was examined by cell counting kit-8, EDU, colony formation, Transwell, and wound healing assays. The effects of miR-122-5p on cell proliferation and migration associated with ferroptosis were examined in vivo in a mouse model of NPC generated by subcutaneous injection of NPC cells. We found that erastin induced ferroptosis in NPC cells. miR-122-5p overexpression inhibited CS, thereby promoting erastin-induced ferroptosis in NPC cells and decreasing NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Introduction: The possible beneficial effects of physical activity during doxorubicin treatment of breast cancer need further investigation as many of the existing studies have been done on non-tumor-bearing models. Therefore, in this study, we aim to assess whether short-term voluntary wheel-running exercise during doxorubicin treatment of breast cancer-bearing mice could induce beneficial cardiac effects and enhance chemotherapy efficacy. Methods: Murine breast cancer I3TC cells were inoculated subcutaneously to the flank of female FVB mice (n = 16) that were divided into exercised and nonexercised groups. Two weeks later, doxorubicin treatment was started via intraperitoneal administration (5 mg/kg weekly for 3 weeks). Organs were harvested a day after the last dose. Results: The tumor volume over time was significantly different between the groups, with the exercising group having lower tumor volumes. The exercised group had increased body weight gain, tumor apoptosis, capillaries per cardiomyocytes, and cardiac lactate dehydrogenase activity compared to the unexercised group, but tumor blood vessel density and maturation and tumor and cardiac HIF1-a and VEGF-A levels did not differ from those of the nonexercised group. Discussion: We conclude that even short-term light exercise such as voluntary wheel running exercise can decrease the subcutaneous mammary tumor growth, possibly via increased tumor apoptosis. The increase in cardiac capillaries per cardiomyocytes may also have positive effects on cancer treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor that occurs in the nasopharynx. Although advances in detection and treatment have improved the prognosis of NPC the treatment of advanced NPC remains challenging. Here, we explored the effect of microRNA (miR)-122-5p on erastin-induced ferroptosis in NPC cells and the role of ferroptosis in the development of NPC. The effect of miR-122-5p silencing and overexpression and the effect of citrate synthase on erastin-induced lipid peroxidation in NPC cells was analyzed by measuring the amounts of malondialdehyde, Fe2+, glutathione, and reactive oxygen species and the morphological alterations of mitochondria. The malignant biological behavior of NPC cells was examined by cell counting kit-8, EDU, colony formation, Transwell, and wound healing assays. The effects of miR-122-5p on cell proliferation and migration associated with ferroptosis were examined in vivo in a mouse model of NPC generated by subcutaneous injection of NPC cells. We found that erastin induced ferroptosis in NPC cells. miR-122-5p overexpression inhibited CS, thereby promoting erastin-induced ferroptosis in NPC cells and decreasing NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IRC+10216 is the typical carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch star, and more than 100 species have been observed in its circumstellar envelope so far. The use of interferometric arrays to map molecular emission in this source has been widely reported, but to study the angular extent of molecular emission, single-dish mapping must be employed. We report here the mapping of the 13CO J = 1–0 and CS J = 2–1 lines towards IRC+10216 using the 13.7 m mm-wave radio telescope at Purple Mountain Observatory. As far as we know, these maps are the largest published 13CO J = 2–1 and CS J = 2–1 images to date. Both molecules have roughly spherically symmetric distribution, with 13CO having an emission radius of over 80″and CS extending up to ∼50″. Assuming that the two molecules are in local thermodynamic equilibrium, the column density and fractional abundance relative to H2 for 13CO and the lower limits for CS are obtained. They are 4.35 × 1016 cm−2 and > 4.72 × 1014 cm−2, and 5.25 × 10−5 and > 2.56 × 10−7 for 13CO and CS, respectively.

Cardiogenic Shock represents a life-threatening condition characterized by high mortality and a spectrum of clinical presentations, complicating ~5%−10% of patients presenting with Acute Coronary Syndromes. Despite advances in interventional cardiology and emergency medicine, mortality rates remain extremely high and evidence concerning its management is scarce. Consequently, the decision making relies heavily on a single operator's experience. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough update on the latest proof regarding mechanical circulatory support devices of the left ventricle and examines the role of the classification scores on the selection of the appropriate patient and timing for the initiation of the device. The five necessary steps to a successful mechanical circulatory support device's insertion. The picture was made by Pixlr AI Image Generator.

We propose a comprehensive Electric Vehicle (EV) routing algorithm to find the optimal set of intermediate charging stations (CSs) present between a given source and destination. Each intermediate charging station is selected to maximize efficiency by considering three crucial parameters: distance to reach the destination from the selected CS, waiting time at the CS, and energy consumed to reach the selected CS along the route. Unlike existing algorithms, that focus solely on energy or distance, this algorithm integrates all three factors to generate an efficient path. Machine Learning (ML) is employed to predict vehicle range using data provided by the user, ensuring that the selected route avoids the risk of battery depletion midway. This predicted range is then used to determine CSs that can be reached from current location. Furthermore, the algorithm utilizes Breadth-First Search (BFS) to identify CS nodes with the least cost, enhancing routing accuracy. The cost of reaching each CS node is calculated using Neuro-Fuzzy Logic, which effectively handles uncertain inputs, which is common in EV routing scenarios. Comparative analysis against a recently proposed route planning algorithm (EV-RPA) reveals superior performance of the proposed approach, particularly as the number of CSs increases. It excels in all three aspects: distance covered, waiting time, and energy consumed, highlighting its effectiveness in optimizing EV routing.

Lingling Dong,1,&ast; Yong Wang,1,&ast; Haipin Chen,1 Zhouyang Li,1 Xuchen Xu,1 Jiesen Zhou,1 Huahao Shen,1,2 Zhihua Chen1 1Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhihua Chen, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-571-8898-1913, Fax +86-571-8778-3729, Email zhihuachen@zju.edu.cnBackground: Macrophage-derived matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) can cause destruction of lung tissue structure and plays a significant role in the development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MTOR is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a crucial role in cell growth and metabolism. The activity of MTOR in the lung tissues of COPD patients also shows significant changes. However, it is unclear whether MTOR can regulate the development and progression of COPD by controlling MMP12. This study primarily investigates whether MTOR in macrophages can affect the expression of MMP12 and participate in the progression of COPD.Methods: We tested the changes in MTOR activity in macrophages exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, we observed the effect of MTOR on the expression of MMP12 in macrophages and on lung tissue inflammation and structural damage in mice, both in vivo and in vitro, using MTOR inhibitors or gene knockout mice. Finally, we combined inhibitor treatment with gene knockout to demonstrate that MTOR primarily mediates the expression of MMP12 through the NF-κB signaling pathway.Results: Exposure to CS can enhance MTOR activity in mouse alveolar macrophages. Inhibiting the activity of MTOR or suppressing its expression leads to increased expression of MMP12. Myeloid-specific knockout of MTOR expression can promote the occurrence of CS-induced pulmonary inflammation and emphysema in mice. Inhibiting the activity of NF-κB can eliminate the effect of MTOR on MMP12.Conclusion: Macrophage MTOR can reduce the expression of MMP12 by inhibiting NF-κB, thereby inhibiting the occurrence of COPD inflammation and destruction of lung tissue structure. Activating the activity of macrophage MTOR may be beneficial for the treatment of COPD.Keywords: matrix metalloproteinase 12, MMP12, pulmonary emphysema, cigarette smoke, CS, mechanistic target of rapamycin, MTOR

In the assessment of environmental radiation risk, 137Cs and 129/131I, as high-yield fission products, are crucial indicators in the radioactive effluent of nuclear power plants. Due to the strong mobility and bioavailability of Cs+ and I- in the groundwater-soil system, their diffusion behaviors attracted much attention. In this work, the shallow soil samples under the long-distance effluent pipeline of a proposed nuclear power plant in China were used to study the diffusion behaviors of stable analogue (133Cs and 127I) of radioisotopes. The experimental data were fitted by Pycharm, which shows that the shallow soil at different sampling sites retards Cs+ through the adsorption process. The effective diffusion coefficient of Cs+ ranges from 3.87×10-11 m2/s to 4.31×10-11 m2/s, the range of effective diffusion coefficient of I- is 1.97×10-11 m2/s to 2.61×10-11 m2/s, illustrating the diffusion of Cs+ and I- are normal diffusion. The through time of Cs+ ranges from 29.24 d to 34.48 d, and the solid-liquid distribution coefficient (Kd) ranges from 3.34×10-2 L/g to 4.27×10-2 L/g. On the contrary, the average through time of I- is 0.30 d, which is much less than that of Cs+, and the solid-liquid distribution coefficient (Kd) of I- tends to be zero (1.75×10-4-2.72×10-7 L/g), indicating that the weakly adsorbed 129/131I is difficult to be fixed by soil, and illustrating a faster diffusion of I- than Cs+. The diffusion coefficient of Cs+ and I- in SK02 soil is the largest, which indicating that the migration rate of Cs+ and I- is faster in SK02. The differences of Cs+ and I- diffusion behaviors are affected by soil adsorption. Illite, biotite and montmorillonite in soil can provide stong affinity adsorption sites for Cs+, on the contrary, it is difficult to provide effective adsorption sites for I-. Since the main components of the soil samples are quartz, plagioclase and anorthite, when the concentration of Cs+ is higher than the capacity of strong affinity sites, a small amount of clay minerals in the soil will no longer control the diffusion of Cs+. In the meantime, the negative charge of the soil surface can attract Cs+ and reject I-, so in the long-term diffusion process, the surface charge is the dominant factor that controlling the diffusion behavior of Cs+ and I- in this area.

OBJECTIVE: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) was used to observe and describe the distribution of canalis sinuosus (CS) in the Chinese population and the location of CS in the maxillary alveolar bone, so as to help oral surgeons evaluate the intraoperative risk and prognosis before maxillary surgery and reduce the complications caused by the injury of this structure in anterior surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CBCT images of 600 patients admitted from 2021 to 2022 were collected to observe the anatomical structure of CS in the maxillary region. The following parameters were recorded: age, sex, number of CS, left and right distribution of CS, CS diameter, and location. Statistical analysis was performed on all of the collected data. RESULTS: The discovery rate of CS in this study was 59.75%, and it is commonly found in the lateral incisor area (64.82%). No significant difference can be found in the presence and number of CS in different gender and age groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of high-resolution CBCT before implantation is of irreplaceable significance in the diagnosis and analysis of CS, which is conducive to reducing implantation complications and failure rate. The incidence of CS was independent of age or sex, while the location of CS was statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We investigated the dynamics of tritium (3H) from 2003 to 2012 in the marine environment off Aomori and Iwate prefectures. To better understand this radionuclide's behavior, we compared 3H and 137Cs in collected samples. In the comparison, for the activity concentrations of 3H, these data excluded the period from 2006 to 2008 during intermittent test operation of the Rokkasho Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Plant; for the activity concentrations of 137Cs, the data excluded the period from 2011 to 2012 after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. The mean concentration ratio (CR) of tissue-free water tritium (TFWT) was close to 1.0, indicating that the concentration of this nuclide in marine biota was almost equal to that in seawater, and it therefore was not accumulated to high levels in marine biota. The lowest CR of 137Cs was higher than 30, suggesting that this nuclide was accumulated to relatively high levels in marine biota. Furthermore, the lack of correlations by Spearman's test (R < 0.4, P > 0.05) between the CR of TFWT and that of 137Cs for three different species (Gadus macrocephalus, Lophius litulon, and Oncorhynchus keta) provides convincing evidence that the dynamics of TFWT and 137Cs in marine ecology are decoupled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The possible beneficial effects of physical activity during doxorubicin treatment of breast cancer need further investigation as many of the existing studies have been done on non-tumor-bearing models. Therefore, in this study, we aim to assess whether short-term voluntary wheel-running exercise during doxorubicin treatment of breast cancer-bearing mice could induce beneficial cardiac effects and enhance chemotherapy efficacy.Methods: Murine breast cancer I3TC cells were inoculated subcutaneously to the flank of female FVB mice (n = 16) that were divided into exercised and non-exercised groups. Two weeks later, doxorubicin treatment was started via intraperitoneal administration (5 mg/kg weekly for 3 weeks). Organs were harvested a day after the last dose.Results: The tumor volume over time was significantly different between the groups, with the exercising group having lower tumor volumes. The exercised group had increased body weight gain, tumor apoptosis, capillaries per cardiomyocytes, and cardiac lactate dehydrogenase activity compared to the unexercised group, but tumor blood vessel density and maturation and tumor and cardiac HIF1-α and VEGF-A levels did not differ from those of the non-exercised group.Discussion: We conclude that even short-term light exercise such as voluntary wheel running exercise can decrease the subcutaneous mammary tumor growth, possibly via increased tumor apoptosis. The increase in cardiac capillaries per cardiomyocytes may also have positive effects on cancer treatment outcomes.

In the context of English teaching and learning, teachers can employ communication strategies to facilitate students' comprehension of the study material. The aim of this study is to outline the categories of communication strategies used by an English teacher at SDN 2 Jatiluwih. This investigation takes a descriptive qualitative approach, focusing on an English teacher within the SDN 2 Jatiluwih setting. During the observations in the 6th grade English class in SDN 2 Jatiluwih, the teacher not only use simple English but also employed body language. Moreover, the students there were quite unique because they tended to use the Indonesian language. Therefore, the teacher, in this case, it was required to use various communication strategies in teaching. The theoretical framework for this study relies on Dornyei's communication strategies theory. The research outcomes reveal that the teacher employed five distinct communication strategies in the classroom to support student learning, namely stalling or time-gaining strategies (1.724%), literal translation (1.724%), prefabricated patterns (5.17%), non-linguistic signals (12.07%), and code-switching (79.31%).

Actualmente los esports están viviendo un auge tanto a nivel aplicado como académico. Sin embargo, hay algunos conceptos tradicionales en psicología del deporte, como la comunicación que aún no han sido estudiados en profundidad. Aunque hay algunos estudios específicos en esports que han tratado esta temática, ninguno utilizaba una herramienta que permitiese estandarizar su análisis, por ese motivo el presente estudio pretende proponer una herramienta de análisis de la comunicación que permita estudiar las conductas de comunicación de los jugadores a partir del CBAS. Se realizó una primera valoración del CBAS con tres jueces expertos en psicología del deporte y esports, aplicándolo en la observación de partidas competitivas de Counter-Strike (CS), a partir de los resultados y su ajuste se realizaron algunos cambios en la estructura y categorías. Posteriormente, estos tres jueces expertos observaron a un equipo de CS durante un mes de competición, clasificando las diferentes conductas comunicativas en las diferentes categorías. Para observar aquellas conductas que más frecuentemente ocurren en CS y el grado de acuerdo entre los jueces para analizar la eficacia de la herramienta, se realizó un análisis de la frecuencia y un índice de correlación intraclase (ICC). Los resultados muestran que las conductas más frecuentes son: (a) Organización, (b) Instrucción técnica e (c) Instrucción técnica general, teniendo también relevancia el (d) Refuerzo positivo y (e) Refuerzo negativo. El índice de acuerdo entre los jueces oscilaba entre .70 y .90 indicando un grado de acuerdo bueno. A partir de los resultados podemos deducir que la herramienta propuesta cumple con los criterios para el análisis de la comunicación de jugadores de esports, especialmente para jugadores de CS, abriendo futuras líneas de investigación como los patrones de comunicación entre diferentes esports. Por lo tanto, además de ser una herramienta de especial utilidad para los psicólogos del deporte que trabajan en el campo aplicado, pudiendo utilizarse para intervenciones especificas en la comunicación de los equipos.

Introduction: Currently, cannulated screws (CSs) and dynamic hip screws (DHSs) are widely used for the treatment of femoral neck fractures, but the postoperative complications associated with these internal fixations remain high. In response to this challenge, our team proposes a new approach involving triangular-supported fixation and the development of the proximal femoral bionic nail (PFBN). The primary objective of this study is to investigate the biomechanical differences among CSs, DHSs, and the PFBN in their capacity to stabilize femoral neck fractures.Methods: A normal proximal femur model was constructed according to the CT data of a normal healthy adult. A femoral neck fracture model was constructed and fixed with CSs, DHSs, and the PFBN to simulate the fracture fixation model. Abaqus 6.14 software was used to compare the biomechanical characters of the three fracture fixation models.Results: The maximum stresses and displacements of the normal proximal femur were 45.35 MPa and 2.83 mm, respectively. Under axial loading, the PFBN was more effective than DHSs and CSs in improving the stress concentration of the internal fixation and reducing the peak values of von Mises stress, maximum principal stress, and minimum principal stress. The PFBN fixation model exhibits superior overall and fracture section stability in comparison to both the DHS fixation model and the CS fixation model under axial loading. Notably, the maximum stress and peak displacement of the PFBN and bone were lower than those of the DHS and CS fixation models under bending and torsional loading.Conclusion: The PFBN shows considerable improvement in reducing stress concentration, propagating stress, and enhancing the overall stability in the femoral neck fracture fixation model compared to DHSs and CSs. These enhancements more closely correspond to the tissue structure and biomechanical characteristics of the proximal femur, demonstrating that the PFBN has great potential for therapeutic purposes in treating femoral neck fractures.

Aloe perryi (AP) has gained considerable interest as a medicinal herb in various biological applications due to its rich phytochemical composition. However, the therapeutic benefits of AP could be potentiated by utilizing nanotechnology. Moreover, cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs) possess remarkable characteristics that can greatly enrich a variety of biological uses. An optimization approach was used to achieve high-quality CSLNs to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of AP. Therefore, a factorial design was used to investigate the influence of various variables on the attributes of CSLNs quality. In this study, the factors under investigation were compritol 888 ATO (C-888, X1), poloxamer 188 (PL188, X2), and chitosan (CS, X3), which served as independent variables. The parameters measured as dependent variables included particle size (Y1), zeta potential (Y2), and encapsulation efficiency EE (Y3). The relationship among these variables was determined by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and response surface plots. The results revealed that PL188 played a significant role in reducing the particle size of CSLNS (ranging from 207 to 261 nm with 1 % PL188 to 167–229 nm with 3 % PL188). Conversely, an increase in the concentration of CS led to a rise in the particle size. The magnitude of positive zeta potential values was dependent on the increased concentration of CS. Moreover, the higher amounts of C-888 and PL188 improved the EE% of the CSLNs from 42 % to 86 %. Furthermore, a concentration-dependent antioxidant effect of the optimized AP-CSLNs was observed. The antioxidant activity of the optimized AP-CSLNs at 100 μg/mL was 75 % compared to 62 % and 60 % for AP-SLNs and AP solution, respectively. A similar pattern of improvement was also observed with antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of the optimized AP-CSLNs. These findings demonstrated the potential of AP-CSLNs as a carrier system, enhancing the biological activities of AP, opening new possibilities in herbal medicines.

Digital transformation of engineering practice, paradigms, processes, and workforce engender agreement uncertainty among professionals, particularly in the critical industry control system field. Control systems are susceptible to cyber‐mediated changes that can uniquely affect the control of the physical world from data‐centric information systems. Change to the system can be introduced by any proposed or forced alteration that affects the acceptability, suitability, feasibility, or resiliency to perform its intended mission, either positively or negatively. The potential impact of the cybersecurity threat on control systems is difficult to quantify. Agreement among professionals about decision authority and Command and Control (C2) over this threat is even more challenging to quantify. Understanding what cybersecurity entails still needs to be widely understood by the critical infrastructure control system workforce, and the control system assets are not widely understood by the Information Technology (IT) workforce. This research introduces a model and methodology for measuring multi‐concern assurance through the statistical uncertainty analysis of Likert semantic differential scales. The model addresses agreement in priority, the lack of which means there might be competing aims, competing spending, and competing focus on different aspects of the cybersecurity governance or policy as examples. The outcome identifies where different types of professionals do not agree about cybersecurity readiness and best practices for critical infrastructure control systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capparis spinoza leaves extract (CS) was studied in HCl (0.5 mol/L) solution as a green corrosion inhibitor for the HCS using the electrochemical measurements, as potentiodynamic polarization (PdP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (Eis). The PdP plots showed a mixed role of the (CS) extract, and the Eis diagrams pointed that the charge transfer resistance (Rct) increased as the concentration of (CS) increased. Inhibition efficiency reached a maximum of ~ 97%. The corrosion inhibition of HCS in acidic medium showed a good fit to the Langmuir adsorption model. The thermodynamic parameter, as ΔGads was calculated and revealed that (CS) adsorbed onto HCS surface via both chemical and physical adsorption mode. HCS surface morphology was investigated using AFM technique, ultraviolet–visible spectrometry and confirmed that the formation of a protective thin film of (CS) on the metal surface. Quantum chemical calculations were determined and supported the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canalis sinuosus (CS) is a small branch of infra-orbital canal that contains anatomical structures of clinical significance in dentist's daily practice. Accurate identification of CS and its branches is crucial for reducing complications in dental treatments. Therefore, knowledge about CS is systematically expanding, and its importance is increasing. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the prevalence, location, diameter, and trajectory variations of CS as well as the influence of age, gender, and surgical implications. A systematic review of the literature was performed. Two reviewers gathered and analyzed articles from electronic databases, including PubMed, Semantic Scholar, and Google Scholar. The frequency of CS presence was evaluated through a systematic review conducted using MedCalc, with a significance level of 5%. Due to significant heterogeneity among included papers, a random effects model was applied. Out of 276 initially identified articles, 12 studies were eventually included in the review. All were based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations and their results. The systematic review showed that overall prevalence of CS was 54.44%, CS presence among women was 56.76% and men 43.24%, unilateral CS was observed in 41.78%, whereas bilateral was found in 58.22% of CBCT images. CS may exhibit variability in trajectory, location, and diameter. The analyzed articles did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in age. Recent research indicates an increasing prevalence of CS, possibly due to greater observer awareness regarding its presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), is evolving from a rapid prototyping tool to a pillar of the Industry 4.0 revolution and widely used in various industries, since it can quickly and efficiently create workpieces with complex structures and integrated functions. After analyzing the 3D printing principle of fused deposition modeling (FDM), this paper proposes a deformation control-oriented optimization method for process parameters of FDM of the polylactic acid (PLA) materials, based on support vector regression (SVR) and cuckoo search (CS). First, FDM printing principle and its main process parameters were analyzed. Two key parameters, printing temperature and printing speed, were selected for research, with the maximum shrinkage deformation as the workpiece contour accuracy index. Combining Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) with Finite Element Analysis (FEA), finite sample sets were generated. Second, learning from the sample data, the SVR surrogate model was built to predict the workpiece contour accuracy, and the nonlinear relationship between FDM process parameters and PLA shrinkage deformation was obtained. Finally, taking the combination of printing temperature and speed as the design variable and minimizing the maximum shrinkage deformation as the optimization objective, the FDM process parameters optimization model was established, and CS was used to search for the optimal parameters combination. Experimental comparison showed that the FEA results and SVR model in this method are correct and effective, and the PLA workpiece shrinkage deformation is smaller under the optimal parameters combination, which effectively improves the shape accuracy of FDM workpieces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]