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In the platform economy era, e‐commerce platforms function as distribution channels for sellers and offer online loans to sellers as financing providers. This study focuses on platform finance, where the platform sets a credit line or interest rate to offer either a limited or unlimited loan to capital‐constrained sellers. The sellers may have sufficient initial capital or be capital‐constrained but have access to limited or unlimited loans. We found that the optimal sellers' channel strategy, choosing either a single channel or online‐dominant or offline‐dominant dual channels, depends on the platform's credit line, consumers' channel preferences, and their switching behavior between online and offline channels. Given an unlimited (or limited) loan, the seller's dominated channel's quantity decreases (or increases) with her initial capital. The seller's and platform's preference for the unlimited loan or limited loan depends on the dominant channel and the seller's capital constraint. Loan offerings result in Pareto improvements for both participants, which reveals the value platform finance brings. We compare platform finance with bank finance and find that platform finance increases the sellers' threshold quantity without stockout in each channel and encourages the seller to place a higher quantity in both channels. We also examine the channel substitution effect on the sellers' quantity decisions. Findings provide insights for platforms and sellers to implement optimal financing and channel structures to increase their profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article reveals the essence of the concept of credit as an economic category, its forms, types and principles. The essence of the credit policy of banking institutions is defined, the credit operations of banks at the current stage of the economy are characterized, and the current state of the credit activity of Ukrainian banks is analyzed. The development of the financial services market in the conditions of the global financial crisis is analyzed. The problems and prospects of the development of the credit services market in Ukraine have been identified. The choice of credit strategy by banks of Ukraine was studied. The main problems of banks' lending activities are summarized and practical recommendations for overcoming them are provided. Ways to improve the credit process of commercial banks are predicted. Global practice proves that credit and credit operations permeate all spheres of society and contribute to the development of the country.

Technologies such as machine learning and artificial intelligence have brought about a tremendous change to biomedical computing and intelligence health care. As a principal component of the intelligence healthcare system, the hospital information system (HIS) has provided great convenience to hospitals and patients, but incidents of leaking private information of patients through HIS occasionally occur at times. Therefore, it is necessary to properly control excessive access behavior. To reduce the risk of patient privacy leakage when medical data are accessed, this article proposes a dynamic permission intelligent access control model that introduces credit line calculation. According to the target given by the doctor in HIS and the actual access record, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 code is used to describe the degree of correlation, and the rationality of the access is formally described by a mathematical formula. The concept of intelligence healthcare credit lines is redefined with relevance and time Windows. The access control policy matches the corresponding credit limit and credit interval according to the authorization rules to achieve the purpose of intelligent control. Finally, with the actual data provided by a Grade-III Level-A hospital in Kunming, the program code is written through machine learning and biomedical computing-related technologies to complete the experimental test. The experiment proves that the intelligent access control model based on credit computing proposed in this study can play a role in protecting the privacy of patients to a certain extent.

In the article the modern methods of crediting businesses in Ukraine have been considered and practical recommendations on choosing a particular form and method of crediting, which depends on the characteristics of the borrower activities, its creditworthiness, crediting purposes and objects have been offered. Today the most common crediting methods in the banking practice are: credit line, overdraft, non-instalment term credit. Each of these methods has its own characteristics, which are suitable for specific areas of the organization activity. It has been found that the credit line benefit is that the borrower is given an opportunity within the fixed limit to use the credit funds immediately at the moment the need arises, which in its turn allows reducing the cost of the credit servicing, however, the main disadvantage of this method of crediting is that in the case of difficulties with the repayment of the previous tranche the bank may reduce or cancel the credit limit and enter an additional fee on the unclaimed credit line limit. Overdraft crediting is characterized by a rapid procedure of obtaining a credit, can be granted without security, does not have a targeted character, allows providing payments from the current account, at the same time the interest rate on the overdraft is higher than that on other credits, and another disadvantage is the requirement of mandatory and in a certain, relatively short time repaying the credit. Crediting in terms of lump-sum cash disbursement is characterized by simplicity in granting and consistency in the organization of the crediting process, but the accrual of interests occurs immediately after the transfer of funds to the borrower on the full amount of the received credit. Thus, when deciding on obtaining a bank credit the entrepreneur has to choose one or another method of crediting taking into account all the advantages and disadvantages of the chosen method.