Author: "CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries"' showing total 82 results

Start Over Author "CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries"

82 results on '"CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries"'

1. Plant hydraulic modelling of leaf and canopy fuel moisture content reveals increasing vulnerability of a Mediterranean forest to wildfires under extreme drought

Author: Julien Ruffault, Jean‐Marc Limousin, François Pimont, Jean‐Luc Dupuy, Miquel De Càceres, Hervé Cochard, Florent Mouillot, Chris J. Blackman, José M. Torres‐Ruiz, Russell A. Parsons, Myriam Moreno, Sylvain Delzon, Steven Jansen, Albert Olioso, Brendan Choat, Nicolas Martin‐StPaul, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), US Forest Service, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], and Western Sydney University
Subjects: Physiology, rought, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, tree mortality, plant hydraulics, process-based modelling, Plant Science, live fuel moisture content, forest flammability, climate changed, wildfire
Abstract: Fuel moisture content (FMC) is a crucial driver of forest fires in many regions world-wide. Yet, the dynamics of FMC in forest canopies as well as their physiological and environmental determinants remain poorly understood, especially under extreme drought.We embedded a FMC module in the trait-based, plant-hydraulic SurEau-Ecos model to provide innovative process-based predictions of leaf live fuel moisture content (LFMC) and canopy fuel moisture content (CFMC) based on leaf water potential (psi Leaf$$ {\psi}_{\mathrm{Leaf}} $$). SurEau-Ecos-FMC relies on pressure-volume (p-v) curves to simulate LFMC and vulnerability curves to cavitation to simulate foliage mortality.SurEau-Ecos-FMC accurately reproduced psi Leaf$$ {\psi}_{\mathrm{Leaf}} $$ and LFMC dynamics as well as the occurrence of foliage mortality in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest. Several traits related to water use (leaf area index, available soil water, and transpiration regulation), vulnerability to cavitation, and p-v curves (full turgor osmotic potential) had the greatest influence on LFMC and CFMC dynamics. As the climate gets drier, our results showed that drought-induced foliage mortality is expected to increase, thereby significantly decreasing CFMC.Our results represent an important advance in our capacity to understand and predict the sensitivity of forests to wildfires.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Common microgeographical selection patterns revealed in four European conifers

Author: Ivan Scotti, Hadrien Lalagüe, Sylvie Oddou‐Muratorio, Caroline Scotti‐Saintagne, Rose Ruiz Daniels, Delphine Grivet, François Lefevre, Philippe Cubry, Bruno Fady, Santiago C. González‐Martínez, Anne Roig, Isabelle Lesur‐Kupin, Francesca Bagnoli, Vanina Guerin, Christophe Plomion, Philippe Rozenberg, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Edinburgh, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse [Palermo] (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office national des forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ministere de l'Ecologie, du Developpement Durable et de l'Energie10-MCGOT-GICC-8-CVS-139, ANR-12-ADAP-0007,FLAG,Génétique écologique des arbres forestiers : interactions entre flux de gènes et variabilité environnementale dans la détermination de l'adaptation locale et du potentiel d'adaptation(2012), European Project: 676876,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,GenTree(2016), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Commission, Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement durable et de l'Énergie (France), Scotti, Ivan, Oddou-Muratorio, Sylvie, Scotti-Saintagne, Caroline, Ruiz Daniels, Rose, Grivet, Delphine, Lefevre, François, Cubry, Philippe {0000-0003-1561-8949], Fady, Bruno, Lesur-Kupin, Isabelle, Bagnoli, Francesca {0000-0001-6909-0006], Plomion, Christophe, Rozenberg, Philippe, Vendramin, Giovanni G., and Hadrien Lalagüe
Subjects: forests, adaptive divergence, plants, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Genetics, natural selection, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, local adaptation
Abstract: 19 Pág., Microgeographical adaptation occurs when the effects of directional selection persist despite gene flow. Traits and genetic loci under selection can then show adaptive divergence, against the backdrop of little differentiation at other traits or loci. How common such events are and how strong the selection is that underlies them remain open questions. Here, we discovered and analysed microgeographical patterns of genomic divergence in four European and Mediterranean conifers with widely differing life-history traits and ecological requirements (Abies alba MIll., Cedrus atlantica [Endl.] Manetti, Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus pinaster Aiton) by screening pairs from geographically close forest stands sampled along steep ecological gradients. We inferred patterns of genomic divergence by applying a combination of divergence outlier detection methods, demographic modelling, Approximate Bayesian Computation inferences and genomic annotation to genomic data. Surprisingly for such small geographical scales, we showed that selection is strong in all species but generally affects different loci in each. A clear signature of selection was systematically detected on a fraction of the genome, of the order of 0.1%-1% of the loci depending on the species. The novel modelling method we designed for estimating selection coefficients showed that the microgeographical selection coefficient scaled by population size (Ns) was 2-30. Our results convincingly suggest that selection maintains within-population diversity at microgeographical scales in spatially heterogeneous environments. Such genetic diversity is likely to be a major reservoir of adaptive potential, helping populations to adapt under fluctuating environmental conditions., Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grant/ Award Number: FLAG project (ANR-12- ADAP-0007-01); European Commission, Grant/Award Number: TOPWOOD project (MSCA-RISE-2014-645654- TOPWOOD) and grant agreement No. 676876 (GenTree); Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement Durable et de l'Énergie, Grant/Award Number: GRAAL project (10-MCGOT-GICC-8-CVS-139)
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Natural forests promote phosphorus retention in soil

Author: Zhou Guoyi, Lei Liu, Lin Li, Wantong Wang, Juxiu Liu, Stefano Manzoni, Philippe Ciais, Xuli Tang, Junhua Yan, Jordi Sardans, Zhen Yu, Josep Peñuelas, Daniel S. Goll, Jie Zhu, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Stockholm University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, China National Science Foundation. Grant Numbers: 32001166, 42071031, 42130506, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Foundation. Grant Number: JKLAM2004, Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST. Grant Number: 2019r059, and ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016)
Subjects: China, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Forest management, Natural forest, chemistry.chemical_element, natural forests, Ecological succession, Forests, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, successional stage, Soil, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, phosphorus, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Phosphorus, planted forests, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, growth stage, Pedogenesis, chemistry, Plant productivity, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil horizon
Abstract: International audience; AbstractSoil phosphorus (P) availability often limits plant productivity. Classical theories suggest that total P content declines at the temporal scale of pedogenesis, and ecosystems develop toward the efficient use of scarce P during succession. However, the trajectory of ecosystem P within shorter time scales of succession remains unclear. We analyzed changes to P pools at the early (I), middle (II), and late (III) stages of growth of plantation forests (PFs) and the successional stages of natural forests (NFs) at 1969 sites in China. We found significantly lower P contents at later growth stages compared to earlier ones in the PF (p < .05), but higher contents at late successional stages than in earlier stages in the NF (p < .05). Our results indicate that increasing P demand of natural vegetation during succession, may raise, retain, and accumulate P from deeper soil layers. In contrast, ecosystem P in PF was depleted by the more rapidly increasing demand outpacing the development of a P-efficient system. We advocate for more studies to illuminate the mechanisms for determining the divergent changes, which would improve forest management and avoid the vast degradation of PF ecosystems suffering from the ongoing depletion of P.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Non-structural carbohydrates and morphological traits of leaves, stems and roots from tree species in different climates

Author: Guangqi Zhang, Pascale Maillard, Zhun Mao, Loic Brancheriau, Julien Engel, Bastien Gérard, Claire Fortunel, Jean-Luc Maeght, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, Merlin Ramel, Sophie Nourissier-Mountou, Stéphane Fourtier, Alexia Stokes, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BioWooEB (UPR BioWooEB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), and ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: Tropical Climate, Temperate, Angiosperms, F40 - Écologie végétale, Carbohydrates, Water, General Medicine, Mediterranean, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes, Carbon, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Trees, Plant Leaves, Fibers, Tropical, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Root, Xylem, Non-structural carbohydrates, Parenchyma, Vessels, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Functional traits
Abstract: Objectives Carbon fixed during photosynthesis is exported from leaves towards sink organs as non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), that are a key energy source for metabolic processes in trees. In xylem, NSC are mostly stored as soluble sugars and starch in radial and axial parenchyma. The multi-functional nature of xylem means that cells possess several functions, including water transport, storage and mechanical support. Little is known about how NSC impacts xylem multi-functionality, nor how NSC vary among species and climates. We collected leaves, stem and root xylem from tree species growing in three climates and estimated NSC in each organ. We also measured xylem traits linked to hydraulic and mechanical functioning. Data description The paper describes functional traits in leaves, stems and roots, including NSC, carbon, nitrogen, specific leaf area, stem and root wood density and xylem traits. Data are provided for up to 90 angiosperm species from temperate, Mediterranean and tropical climates. These data are useful for understanding the trade-offs in resource allocation from a whole-plant perspective, and to better quantify xylem structure and function related to water transportation, mechanical support and storage. Data will also give researchers keys to understanding the ability of trees to adjust to a changing climate.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Land‐use legacies influence tree water‐use efficiency and nitrogen availability in recently established European forests

Author: Irene Martín-Forés, Rossella Guerrieri, Fernando Valladares, Arndt Hampe, Joan Pino, Josep Maria Espelta, Raquel Alfaro-Sánchez, Marta Correia, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Guerrieri, Rossella, Correia, Marta, Martín‐Forés, Irene, Alfaro‐Sánchez, Raquel, Pino, Joan, Hampe, Arndt, Valladares, Fernando, Espelta, Josep Maria, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Subjects: Water-use efficiency, 0106 biological sciences, Stomatal conductance, beech forest, forest expansion, land-use change, nitrogen availability, water-use efficiency, δ13C, δ15N, Land-use change, Nitrogen availability, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Basal area, Fagus sylvatica, Ecosystem, Forest expansion, Beech, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, fungi, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, δ13C, Beech forests, Cycling, δ15N, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: 1. Forest regrowth following farmland (agriculture and pasture) abandonment has been positively associated with a number of processes including the regulation of hydrological cycling, the enhancement of soil functioning and an increase in forest productivity and carbon (C) sequestration. Although these changes in eco-system functioning post-farmland abandonment have been observed in multiple locations and studies, the ecophysiological basis underpinning these patterns re-mains unclear. Here, we examine whether increased forest expansion following pastureland abandonment is associated with greater water-use efficiency (WUE) and legacies from previous land use in terms of nitrogen (N) availability., 2. We thus explored differences in leaf traits and N availability between recently es-tablished (post-1950) beech Fagus sylvatica (L.) forests on former pastureland and long-established beech forests (pre-1950). The investigated leaf traits were SLA, leaf N concentration (%N) and intrinsic WUE (iWUE, i.e. the ratio between photo-synthesis and stomatal conductance); as well, leaf and soil stable N isotope compo-sition (δ15N) and total %N were used to assess changes in N availability. Finally, we compared the correlation strength between the above-mentioned parameters and those associated with tree productivity (wood density and basal area increment, BAI) and the richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) in these two forest types., 3. Recent forests had greater iWUE than long-established forests, which was associated more with lower SLA than leaf %N. Leaf and soil δ15N were more robust proxies than %N for detecting differences in N availability. Less negative leaf and soil δ15N values in recent versus long-established forests suggest, on the one hand, greater N avail-ability, probably due to higher historical N input originating from animal excreta on these former pasturelands, and, on the other hand, an increase in N loss pathways., 4. Our results point to greater correlations between leaf δ15N, tree iWUE and pro-ductivity in recent forests than in long-established forests, thereby suggesting a close link between C and N cycles. Our findings also highlight different N dynam-ics between the two forest types, with recent forests showing ‘leaky’ N cycling wherever lower N retention by trees and associated ECM fungi occurs as a legacy of previous land use., This study was supported by the projects: SPONFOREST (APCIN_ 2016_0174), NEWFORLAND (RTI2018-099397-B-C22 MCIU/AEI/ERDF, EU) and BEEMED (SGR913 Generalitat de Catalunya). Etal.was supported by the postdoctoral grant Juan de la Cierva-Formación from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (grant no. FJCI-2015-26848). T
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Managing forest regeneration and expansion at a time of unprecedented global change

Author: Josep Maria Espelta, Arndt Hampe, Cristina García, Universidade do Porto, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-16-EBI3-0011,SPONFOREST,Unraveling the potential of SPONtaneous FORest ESTablishment for improving ecosystem functions and services in dynamic landscapes(2016)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Forest regeneration, ecosystem disservices, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Seed dispersal, multi-functional landscapes, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, spontaneous forest regeneration, Ecosystem services, biotic interactions, Functional diversity, Resilience (network), resilience, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Global change, 15. Life on land, functional diversity, seed dispersal, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ecosystem services, business
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Projections of fire danger under climate change over France: where do the greatest uncertainties lie?

Author: J.-L. Dupuy, Nicolas Martin-StPaul, François Pimont, M. De Caceres, Hélène Fargeon, Julien Ruffault, Renaud Barbero, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 040101 forestry, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Anomaly (natural sciences), Global warming, Climate change, Emergence, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Future climate, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Fire Weather Index, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Mediterranean area, Environmental science, Fire weather index, Projection, Natural variability, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Global warming is expected to increase droughts and heatwaves, and consequently fire danger in southern Europe in the forthcoming decades. However, an assessment of the uncertainties associated with this general trend at regional scales, relevant to decision-making, is still missing. This study aims at assessing potential climate change impacts on fire danger over France through the projection of the widely used Fire Weather Index (FWI) and at quantifying the different sources of climate-driven uncertainty associated with these projections. We used daily climate experiments covering the 1995-2098 period under two scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) provided by the EURO-CORDEX initiative. Our results show an overall increase in FWI throughout the century, with the largest absolute increases in the Mediterranean area. Model uncertainty was very high in western France, previously identified as a potential fire-prone region under future climate. In contrast, large increases in FWI in the Mediterranean area showed low uncertainty across models. Besides, analyzing the natural variability of FWI revealed that extreme years under present-day climate could become much more frequent by the end of the century. The FWI is projected to emerge from the background of natural variability by mid-twenty-first century with a summer elevated fire danger three times more likely when summer temperature anomaly exceeds + 2 degrees C.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. LOTVS: A global collection of permanent vegetation plots

Author: Marta Gaia Sperandii, Francesco de Bello, Enrique Valencia, Lars Götzenberger, Manuele Bazzichetto, Thomas Galland, Anna E‐Vojtkó, Luisa Conti, Peter B. Adler, Hannah Buckley, Jiří Danihelka, Nicola J. Day, Jürgen Dengler, David J. Eldridge, Marc Estiarte, Ricardo García‐González, Eric Garnier, Daniel Gómez‐García, Lauren Hallett, Susan Harrison, Tomas Herben, Ricardo Ibáñez, Anke Jentsch, Norbert Juergens, Miklós Kertész, Duncan M. Kimuyu, Katja Klumpp, Mike Le Duc, Frédérique Louault, Rob H. Marrs, Gábor Ónodi, Robin J. Pakeman, Meelis Pärtel, Begoña Peco, Josep Peñuelas, Marta Rueda, Wolfgang Schmidt, Ute Schmiedel, Martin Schuetz, Hana Skalova, Petr Šmilauer, Marie Šmilauerová, Christian Smit, Ming‐Hua Song, Martin Stock, James Val, Vigdis Vandvik, Karsten Wesche, Susan K. Wiser, Ben A. Woodcock, Truman P. Young, Fei‐Hai Yu, Amelia A. Wolf, Martin Zobel, Jan Lepš, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion (CIDE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH BOHEMIA CESKE BUDEJOVICE CZE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Utah State University (USU), Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Victoria University of Wellington, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), University of New South Wales [Kensington], CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States, University of California (UC), Department of Zoology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Viniicna 7, 128 43 Praha 2, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), University of Hamburg, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), University of Liverpool, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The James Hutton Institute, University of Tartu, Autonomous University of Madrid, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Ecology, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use [University of Göttingen] (CBL), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences [Hamburg], Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, University of South Bohemia, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wadden Sea National Park of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Bergen (UiB), Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Center for Ecology and Hydrology, Taizhou University, University of Texas-Pan, Smit group, Royal Society of New Zealand, Czech Science Foundation, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Oberfranken Stiftung, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Estonian Research Council, European Commission, Fundación Ramón Areces, Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, Dresden University of Technology, Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment (New Zealand), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Comunidad de Madrid, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, National Science Foundation (US), South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses [University of South Bohemia] (CENAKVA), Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters [University of South Bohemia], University of South Bohemia -University of South Bohemia, Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universitat de València (UV), University of Bayreuth, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABB, Global Ecology Unit (CREAF-CSIC-UAB), Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Mathematics, University of Oregon [Eugene], University of Oregon [Eugene], Department of Computer Science [Univ California Davis] (CS - UC Davis), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Distributed Events Analysis Research Group (MTA SZTAKI Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Mpala Research Centre, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institute of Computer Science [University of Tartu, Estonie], Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals - Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Partenaires INRAE, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Lake Ecosystems Group [Lancaster, U.K.] (Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Lancaster Environment Centre [Lancaster, U.K.], Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering - University of Texas (ECE), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), Sperandii, M. G., de Bello, F., Valencia, E., Gotzenberger, L., Bazzichetto, M., Galland, T., E-Vojtko, A., Conti, L., Adler, P. B., Buckley, H., Danihelka, J., Day, N. J., Dengler, J., Eldridge, D. J., Estiarte, M., Garcia-Gonzalez, R., Garnier, E., Gomez-Garcia, D., Hallett, L., Harrison, S., Herben, T., Ibanez, R., Jentsch, A., Juergens, N., Kertesz, M., Kimuyu, D. M., Klumpp, K., Le Duc, M., Louault, F., Marrs, R. H., Onodi, G., Pakeman, R. J., Partel, M., Peco, B., Penuelas, J., Rueda, M., Schmidt, W., Schmiedel, U., Schuetz, M., Skalova, H., Smilauer, P., Smilauerova, M., Smit, C., Song, M. -H., Stock, M., Val, J., Vandvik, V., Wesche, K., Wiser, S. K., Woodcock, B. A., Young, T. P., Yu, F. -H., Wolf, A. A., Zobel, M., and Leps, J.
Subjects: Plant communities, temporal analysis, Plant community, Plant Science, ecological succession, Permanent plot, ecoinformatic, plant communitie, Ecology and Environment, ecoinformatics, vegetation, Ecological succession, Ecoinformatics, Global scale, 577: Ökologie, time-serie, Vegetation, ecosystem stability, Ecology, time-series, Temporal analysis, permanent plot, plant diversity, plant communities, temporal analysi, 580: Pflanzen (Botanik), Plant diversity, global scale, Ecosystem stability, Permanent plots, Time-series, permanent plots, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Analysing temporal patterns in plant communities is extremely important to quantify the extent and the consequences of ecological changes, especially considering the current biodiversity crisis. Long-term data collected through the regular sampling of permanent plots represent the most accurate resource to study ecological succession, analyse the stability of a community over time and understand the mechanisms driving vegetation change. We hereby present the LOng-Term Vegetation Sampling (LOTVS) initiative, a global collection of vegetation time-series derived from the regular monitoring of plant species in permanent plots. With 79 data sets from five continents and 7,789 vegetation time-series monitored for at least 6 years and mostly on an annual basis, LOTVS possibly represents the largest collection of temporally fine-grained vegetation time-series derived from permanent plots and made accessible to the research community. As such, it has an outstanding potential to support innovative research in the fields of vegetation science, plant ecology and temporal ecology., The authors acknowledge institutional support as follows. Nicola J. Day: Te Apārangi Royal Society of New Zealand (Rutherford Postdoctoral Fellowship). Jiří Danihelka: Czech Science Foundation (project no. 19-28491X) and Czech Academy of Sciences (project no. RVO 67985939). Francesco de Bello: Spanish Plan Nacional de I+D+i (project PGC2018-099027-B-I00). Eric Garnier: La Fage INRA experimental station. Tomáš Herben: GAČR grant 20-02901S. Anke Jentsch: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant 031B0516C - SUSALPS) and Oberfrankenstiftung (grant OFS FP00237). Norbert Juergens: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant 01LG1201N - SASSCAL ABC). Frédérique Louault and Katja Klumpp: AnaEE-France (ANR-11-INBS-0001). Robin J. Pakeman: Strategic Research Programme of the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division. Meelis Pärtel: Estonian Research Council (PRG609) and European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange). Josep Peñuelas: Spanish Government (grant PID2019-110521GB-I00), Fundación Ramon Areces (grant ELEMENTAL-CLIMATE), Catalan Government (grant SGR 2017-1005), and European Research Council (Synergy grant ERC-SyG-2013-610028, IMBALANCE-P). Ute Schmiedel: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Promotion numbers 01LC0024, 01LC0024A, 01LC0624A2, 01LG1201A, 01LG1201N). Hana Skálová: GAČR grant 20-02901S. Karsten Wesche: International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden. Susan K. Wiser: New Zealand Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment’s Strategic Science Investment Fund. Ben A. Woodcock: NERC and BBSRC (NE/N018125/1 LTS-M ASSIST - Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Systems). Enrique Valencia: Program for attracting and retaining talent of Comunidad de Madrid (no. 2017-T2/AMB-5406) and Community of Madrid and Rey Juan Carlos University (Young Researchers R&D Project. Ref. M2165 – INTRANESTI). Truman P. Young: National Science Foundation (LTREB DEB 19-31224).
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Decreasing rainfall frequency contributes to earlier leaf onset in northern ecosystems

Author: Jian Wang, Desheng Liu, Philippe Ciais, Josep Peñuelas, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, and ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Data-driven quantification of nitrogen enrichment impact on Northern Hemisphere plant biomass

Author: Yongwen Liu, Shilong Piao, David Makowski, Philippe Ciais, Thomas Gasser, Jian Song, Shiqiang Wan, Josep Peñuelas, Ivan A Janssens, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA Paris-Saclay), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Hebei University, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), University of Antwerp (UA), and European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014)
Subjects: nitrogen deposition, Chemistry, field experiment, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Physics, carbon cycle, machine-learning, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology, ecosystem process model, General Environmental Science
Abstract: The production of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (N) has grown so much in the last century that quantifying the effect of N enrichment on plant growth has become a central question for carbon (C) cycle research. Numerous field experiments generally found that N enrichment increased site-scale plant biomass, although the magnitude of the response and sign varied across experiments. We quantified the response of terrestrial natural vegetation biomass to N enrichment in the Northern Hemisphere (>30° N) by scaling up data from 773 field observations (142 sites) of the response of biomass to N enrichment using machine-learning algorithms. N enrichment had a significant and nonlinear effect on aboveground biomass (AGB), but a marginal effect on belowground biomass. The most influential variables on the AGB response were the amount of N applied, mean biomass before the experiment, the treatment duration and soil phosphorus availability. From the machine learning models, we found that N enrichment due to increased atmospheric N deposition during 1993–2010 has enhanced total biomass by 1.1 ± 0.3 Pg C, in absence of losses from harvest and disturbances. The largest effect of N enrichment on plant growth occurred in northeastern Asia, where N deposition markedly increased. These estimates were similar to the range of values provided by state-of-the-art C–N ecosystem process models. This work provides data-driven insights into hemisphere-scale N enrichment effect on plant biomass growth, which allows to constrain the terrestrial ecosystem process model used to predict future terrestrial C storage.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number tradeoffs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

Author: Tong Qiu, Robert Andrus, Marie-Claire Aravena, Davide Ascoli, Yves Bergeron, Roberta Berretti, Daniel Berveiller, Michal Bogdziewicz, Thomas Boivin, Raul Bonal, Don C. Bragg, Thomas Caignard, Rafael Calama, J. Julio Camarero, Chia-Hao Chang-Yang, Natalie L. Cleavitt, Benoit Courbaud, Francois Courbet, Thomas Curt, Adrian J. Das, Evangelia Daskalakou, Hendrik Davi, Nicolas Delpierre, Sylvain Delzon, Michael Dietze, Sergio Donoso Calderon, Laurent Dormont, Josep Espelta, Timothy J. Fahey, William Farfan-Rios, Catherine A. Gehring, Gregory S. Gilbert, Georg Gratzer, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Qinfeng Guo, Andrew Hacket-Pain, Arndt Hampe, Qingmin Han, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ines Ibanez, Jill F. Johnstone, Valentin Journé, Daisuke Kabeya, Christopher L. Kilner, Thomas Kitzberger, Johannes M. H. Knops, Richard K. Kobe, Georges Kunstler, Jonathan G. A. Lageard, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Mateusz Ledwon, Francois Lefevre, Theodor Leininger, Jean-Marc Limousin, James A. Lutz, Diana Macias, Eliot J. B. McIntire, Christopher M. Moore, Emily Moran, Renzo Motta, Jonathan A. Myers, Thomas A. Nagel, Kyotaro Noguchi, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Robert Parmenter, Ian S. Pearse, Ignacio M. Perez-Ramos, Lukasz Piechnik, John Poulsen, Renata Poulton-Kamakura, Miranda D. Redmond, Chantal D. Reid, Kyle C. Rodman, Francisco Rodriguez-Sanchez, Javier D. Sanguinetti, C. Lane Scher, William H. Schlesinger, Harald Schmidt Van Marle, Barbara Seget, Shubhi Sharma, Miles Silman, Michael A. Steele, Nathan L. Stephenson, Jacob N. Straub, I-Fang Sun, Samantha Sutton, Jennifer J. Swenson, Margaret Swift, Peter A. Thomas, Maria Uriarte, Giorgio Vacchiano, Thomas T. Veblen, Amy V. Whipple, Thomas G. Whitham, Andreas P. Wion, Boyd Wright, S. Joseph Wright, Kai Zhu, Jess K. Zimmerman, Roman Zlotin, Magdalena Zywiec, James S. Clark, National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, National Science Centre (Poland), US Forest Service, Qiu, Tong, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Berretti, Roberta 0000-0002-1944-8855], Berveiller, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Bonal, Raul, Bragg, Don C, Caignard, Thomas, Calama, Rafael, Camarero, J Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, Francois, Curt, Thomas, Adrian, Das, Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep, Fahey, Timothy J, Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine A, Gilbert, Gregory S, Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H, Guo,Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F, Journé, Valentin, Kabeya, Daisuke, Kilner, Christopher L, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M H, Kobe, Richard K, Kunstler, Georges, Lageard, Jonathan G A, LaMontagne, Jalene M, Ledwon, Mateusz, Lefèvre, François, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A, Nagel, Thomas A, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S, Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Redmond, Miranda D, Reid, Chantal D, Rodman, Kyle C, Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco, Schlesinger, William H, Seget, Barbara, Silman, Miles, Stephenson, Nathan L, Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J, Thomas, Peter A, Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T, Wion, Andreas P, Wright, Boyd, Wright, S Joseph, Zimmerman, Jess K, Zhu, Kai, Zywiec, Magdalena, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], University of Colorado [Boulder], Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Cornell University [New York], Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Institute of Forest Ecology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Liverpool, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Akita University, University of Michigan [Dearborn], University of Michigan System, University of Alaska [Anchorage], Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, University of Manchester [Manchester], DePaul University [Chicago], Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Colby College, The project has been funded continuously since 1992 by NationalScience Foundation grants to J.S.C, most recently DEB-1754443, and by the BelmontForum (1854976), NASA (AIST16-0052, AIST18-0063), and the Programme d’Inves-tissement d’Avenir under project FORBIC (18-MPGA-0004)(Make Our Planet GreatAgain). Puerto Rico data were funded by NSF grants to M.U., most recently, DEB 0963447and LTREB 11222325. Data from the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Groupwere funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF LTREB 1754647 toM.S. Additional funding to M.Z. came from the W.Szafer Institute of Botany of the PolishAcademy of Sciences and the Polish National Science Foundation (2019/33/B/NZ8/0134).M.B. was supported by the Polish National Science Centre grant no. 2019/35/D/NZ8/00050, and Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001. J.M.L. was supported by NSF grant DEB 1745496. Jerry Franklin’sdata remain accessible through NSF LTER DEB-1440409. USDA Forest Service and USGSresearch was funded by those agencies, Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X], Andrus, Robert [0000-0003-0968-8377], Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467], Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687], Berretti, Roberta 0000-0002-1944-8855][, Berveiller, Daniel [0000-0001-7461-6420], Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034], Bonal, Raul [0000-0002-6084-1771], Bragg, Don C [0000-0002-5207-8606], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Camarero, J Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Cleavitt, Natalie L [0000-0003-0425-2486], Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559], Courbet, Francois [0000-0002-9438-6746], Curt, Thomas [0000-0002-2654-3009], Adrian, Das [0000-0002-3937-2616], Daskalakou, Evangelia [0000-0002-5190-1023], Davi, Hendrik [0000-0001-8828-3145], Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402], Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-4599-4702], Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625], Espelta, Josep [0000-0002-0242-4988], Fahey, Timothy J [0000-0003-1283-1162], Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317], Gehring, Catherine A [0000-0002-9393-9556], Gilbert, Gregory S [0000-0002-5195-9903], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Greenberg, Cathryn H [0000-0002-2831-0989], Guo,Qinfeng [0000-0002-4375-4916], Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068], Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129], Ibáñez, Inés[0000-0002-1054-0727], Johnstone, Jill F [0000-0001-6131-9339], Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Kabeya, Daisuke [0000-0002-3420-199X], Kilner, Christopher L [0000-0001-8808-8868], Kitzberger, Thomas [0000-0002-9754-4121], Knops, Johannes M H [0000-0002-9647-9209], Kobe, Richard K [0000-0002-0943-9613], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Lageard, Jonathan G A [0000-0001-8971-0444], LaMontagne, Jalene M [0000-0001-7713-8591], Ledwon, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376], Lefèvre, François [0000-0003-2242-7251], Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656], Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Lutz, James A [0000-0002-2560-0710], McIntire, Eliot J B [0000-0002-6914-8316], Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910], Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840], Myers, Jonathan A [0000-0002-2058-8468], Nagel, Thomas A [0000-0002-4207-9218], Ourcival, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-3557-3496], Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824], Pearse, Ian S [0000-0001-7098-0495], Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M [0000-0003-2332-7818], Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808], Poulton-Kamakura, Renata [0000-0002-2516-8702], Redmond, Miranda D [0000-0002-4657-7943], Reid, Chantal D [0000-0002-3811-4076], Rodman, Kyle C [0000-0001-9538-8412], Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco [0000-0002-7981-1599], Schlesinger, William H [0000-0002-1391-0885], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844], Stephenson, Nathan L [0000-0003-0208-7229], Sun, I-Fang [0000-0001-9749-8324], Sutton, Samantha [0000-0002-1491-7763], Swenson, Jennifer J [0000-0002-2069-667X], Thomas, Peter A [0000-0003-3115-3301], Uriarte, Maria [0000-0002-0484-0758], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Veblen, Thomas T [0000-0002-3037-640X], Wion, Andreas P [0000-0002-0701-2843], Wright, Boyd [0000-0002-6322-4904], Wright, S Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zimmerman, Jess K [0000-0002-8179-0731], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], and Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051]
Subjects: Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, Forests, Q1, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Trees, reproductive potential, Plant seed, Forest, pridelava semen, Plant ecology, SB, SD, Multidisciplinary, Reproduction, Contraception/Reproduction, Botánica, production control, food and beverages, General Chemistry, Biodiversity, Ecología, Fertility, natural disasters, nadzor pridelave, seed production, Seeds, reprodukcijski potencial, Forest ecology, udc:630*23, ujme, Tree
Abstract: 12 Pág., The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential., The project has been funded continuously since 1992 by National Science Foundation grants to J.S.C, most recently DEB-1754443, and by the Belmont Forum (1854976), NASA (AIST16-0052, AIST18-0063), and the Programme d’Investissement d’Avenir under project FORBIC (18-MPGA-0004)(Make Our Planet Great Again). Puerto Rico data were funded by NSF grants to M.U., most recently, DEB 0963447 and LTREB 11222325. Data from the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF LTREB 1754647 to M.S. Additional funding to M.Z. came from the W.Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish National Science Foundation (2019/33/B/NZ8/0134). M.B. was supported by the Polish National Science Centre grant no. 2019/35/D/NZ8/00050, and Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001. J.M.L. was supported by NSF grant DEB 1745496. Jerry Franklin’s data remain accessible through NSF LTER DEB-1440409. USDA Forest Service and USGS research was funded by those agencies.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Warming does not delay the start of autumnal leaf coloration but slows its progress rate

Author: Nan Jiang, Miaogen Shen, Philippe Ciais, Matteo Campioli, Josep Peñuelas, Christian Körner, Ruyin Cao, Shilong Piao, Licong Liu, Shiping Wang, Eryuan Liang, Nicolas Delpierre, Kamel Soudani, Yuhan Rao, Leonardo Montagnani, Lukas Hörtnagl, Eugénie Paul‐Limoges, Ranga Myneni, Georg Wohlfahrt, Yongshuo Fu, Ladislav Šigut, Andrej Varlagin, Jin Chen, Yanhong Tang, Wenwu Zhao, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Beijing Normal University (BNU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plant and Vegetation Ecology (PLECO), University of Antwerp (UA), CREAF BELLATERRA ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, University of Basel (Unibas), Chengdu University of Technology (CDUT), Peking University [Beijing], AgroParisTech, Computer Science (North Carolina State University), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Forest Service, Autonomous Province of Bolzano-Bozen, Bolzano-Bozen, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), European Project: 714916,LEAF-FALL, and European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Chemistry, Ecology, Economics, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Aim: Initiation of autumnal leaf senescence is critical for plant overwintering and ecosystem dynamics. Previous studies focused solely on the advanced stages of autumnal leaf senescence and claimed that climatic warming delays senescence, despite the fundamental differences among the stages of senescence. However, the timing of onset of leaf coloration (DLCO), the earliest visual sign of senescence, has been rarely studied. Our aim is to assess the response of DLCO to temperature across the Northern Hemisphere.Location: 30–75°N in the Northern Hemisphere.Time period: 2000–2018.Major taxa studied: Deciduous vegetation.Methods: We retrieved DLCO from high temporal-resolution satellite data, which was then validated by PhenoCam observations. We then investigated the temporal changes in DLCO and the relationship between DLCO and temperature by using DLCO from satellite data and ground phenological observations. We further estimated the timing of onset of autumnal decline in maximum canopy photosynthetic capacity, an indicator of leaf senescence earlier than DLCO, from FLUXNET CO2 fluxes data, and assessed its response to temperature.Results: DLCO was not significantly (P < 0.05) delayed between 2000 and 2018 in 94% of the area. DLCO was positively correlated with pre-DLCO mean daily minimum temperature (Tmin) in only 9% of the area, likely because of the overriding photoperiodic control, particularly for woody vegetation, whereas the end of leaf coloration (DLCE) was positively correlated with pre-DLCE mean Tmin over a larger area (34%).Main conclusions: The coloration progress rate is more sensitive than its start date to temperature, indicating an extension of the duration of leaf senescence under warming. This study indicates that the leaf coloration onset was not responsive to climate warming and provides observational evidence of photoperiod control of autumnal leaf senescence at biome and continental scales.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Mechanisms of woody-plant mortality under rising drought, CO2 and vapour pressure deficit

Author: Nate G. McDowell, Gerard Sapes, Alexandria Pivovaroff, Henry D. Adams, Craig D. Allen, William R. L. Anderegg, Matthias Arend, David D. Breshears, Tim Brodribb, Brendan Choat, Hervé Cochard, Miquel De Cáceres, Martin G. De Kauwe, Charlotte Grossiord, William M. Hammond, Henrik Hartmann, Günter Hoch, Ansgar Kahmen, Tamir Klein, D. Scott Mackay, Marylou Mantova, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, Belinda E. Medlyn, Maurizio Mencuccini, Andrea Nardini, Rafael S. Oliveira, Anna Sala, David T. Tissue, José M. Torres-Ruiz, Amy M. Trowbridge, Anna T. Trugman, Erin Wiley, Chonggang Xu, Mcdowell, Nate G., Sapes, Gerard, Pivovaroff, Alexandria, Adams, Henry D., Allen, Craig D., Anderegg, William R. L., Arend, Matthia, Breshears, David D., Brodribb, Tim, Choat, Brendan, Cochard, Herv??, De C??ceres, Miquel, De Kauwe, Martin G., Grossiord, Charlotte, Hammond, William M., Hartmann, Henrik, Hoch, G??nter, Kahmen, Ansgar, Klein, Tamir, Scott Mackay, D., Mantova, Marylou, Mart??nez-Vilalta, Jordi, Medlyn, Belinda E., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Nardini, Andrea, Oliveira, Rafael S., Sala, Anna, Tissue, David T., Torres-Ruiz, Jos?? M., Trowbridge, Amy M., Trugman, Anna T., Wiley, Erin, Xu, Chonggang, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA, University of Minnesota System, Washington State University (WSU), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], University of Utah, Univ. Basel, Dept Environm Sci Bot, University of Arizona, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Western Sydney University, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, University of Bristol [Bristol], Institut de théorie des phénomènes physiques (EPFL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Max-Planck-Institut, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], University at Buffalo [SUNY] (SUNY Buffalo), State University of New York (SUNY), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), University of Montana, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), University of Central Arkansas (UCA), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and United States Department of Energy (DOE)NSFBII-Implementation2021898Australian Research CouncilDP0879531- DP110105102- LP0989881
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Atmospheric Science, long-term, precipitation patterns, physiological-mechanisms, fungi, food and beverages, lodgepole pine trees, Pollution, nonstructural carbohydrate dynamics, induced tree mortality, climate-change, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, chemical defenses, pinyon-juniper woodland, elevated atmospheric co2, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Drought-associated woody-plant mortality has been increasing in most regions with multi-decadal records and is projected to increase in the future, impacting terrestrial climate forcing, biodiversity and resource availability. The mechanisms underlying such mortality, however, are debated, owing to complex interactions between the drivers and the processes. In this Review, we synthesize knowledge of drought-related tree mortality under a warming and drying atmosphere with rising atmospheric CO2. Drought-associated mortality results from water and carbon depletion and declines in their fluxes relative to demand by living tissues. These pools and fluxes are interdependent and underlay plant defences against biotic agents. Death via failure to maintain a positive water balance is particularly dependent on soil-to-root conductance, capacitance, vulnerability to hydraulic failure, cuticular water losses and dehydration tolerance, all of which could be exacerbated by reduced carbon supply rates to support cellular survival or the carbon starvation process. The depletion of plant water and carbon pools is accelerated under rising vapour pressure deficit, but increasing CO2 can mitigate these impacts. Advancing knowledge and reducing predictive uncertainties requires the integration of carbon, water and defensive processes, and the use of a range of experimental and modelling approaches., Enhanced drought frequency and magnitude have impacted tree mortality, leading to multiple examples of regional-scale dieback. This Review outlines the mechanisms leading to mortality, including carbon starvation and hydraulic failure.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients

Author: Valentin Journé, Robert Andrus, Marie‐Claire Aravena, Davide Ascoli, Roberta Berretti, Daniel Berveiller, Michal Bogdziewicz, Thomas Boivin, Raul Bonal, Thomas Caignard, Rafael Calama, Jesús Julio Camarero, Chia‐Hao Chang‐Yang, Benoit Courbaud, Francois Courbet, Thomas Curt, Adrian J. Das, Evangelia Daskalakou, Hendrik Davi, Nicolas Delpierre, Sylvain Delzon, Michael Dietze, Sergio Donoso Calderon, Laurent Dormont, Josep Maria Espelta, Timothy J. Fahey, William Farfan‐Rios, Catherine A. Gehring, Gregory S. Gilbert, Georg Gratzer, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Qinfeng Guo, Andrew Hacket‐Pain, Arndt Hampe, Qingmin Han, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ines Ibanez, Jill F. Johnstone, Daisuke Kabeya, Roland Kays, Thomas Kitzberger, Johannes M. H. Knops, Richard K. Kobe, Georges Kunstler, Jonathan G. A. Lageard, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Theodor Leininger, Jean‐Marc Limousin, James A. Lutz, Diana Macias, Eliot J. B. McIntire, Christopher M. Moore, Emily Moran, Renzo Motta, Jonathan A. Myers, Thomas A. Nagel, Kyotaro Noguchi, Jean‐Marc Ourcival, Robert Parmenter, Ian S. Pearse, Ignacio M. Perez‐Ramos, Lukasz Piechnik, John Poulsen, Renata Poulton‐Kamakura, Tong Qiu, Miranda D. Redmond, Chantal D. Reid, Kyle C. Rodman, Francisco Rodriguez‐Sanchez, Javier D. Sanguinetti, C. Lane Scher, Harald Schmidt Van Marle, Barbara Seget, Shubhi Sharma, Miles Silman, Michael A. Steele, Nathan L. Stephenson, Jacob N. Straub, Jennifer J. Swenson, Margaret Swift, Peter A. Thomas, Maria Uriarte, Giorgio Vacchiano, Thomas T. Veblen, Amy V. Whipple, Thomas G. Whitham, Boyd Wright, S. Joseph Wright, Kai Zhu, Jess K. Zimmerman, Roman Zlotin, Magdalena Zywiec, James S. Clark, National Science Foundation (US), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Belmont Forum, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Kays, Roland [0000-0002-2947-6665], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Ibáñez, Inés [0000-0002-1054-0727], Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel [0000-0003-2332-7818], Scher, C. Lane [0000-0003-3689-5769], Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Clark, James S. [0000-0002-5677-9733], Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), University of Colorado [Boulder], Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Western Ecological Research Center, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO Demeter), Department of Earth and Environment [Boston], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Cornell University [New York], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of California (UC), USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), University of Liverpool, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Departement Erdwissenschaften [ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Akita University, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University [Suzhou], Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), DePaul University [Chicago], USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Utah State University (USU), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Pacific Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Colby College, University of California [Merced] (UC Merced), University of Ljubljana, National Park Service, United States Geological Survey (USGS), Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Duke University [Durham], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), Wake Forest University, Wilkes University, Partenaires INRAE, State University of New York (SUNY), Keele University [Keele], Columbia University [New York], Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), University of New England (UNE), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, National Science Foundation (NSF)DEB-1754443National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)AIST16-0052AIST18-0063Belmont Forum1854976, ANR-18-MPGA-0004,FORBIC,Prévision du changement de la biodiversité(2018), Journé, Valentin, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Dietze, Michael, Espelta, Josep Maria, Kays, Roland, Hampe, Arndt, Kunstler, Georges, Ibáñez, Inés, Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Scher, C. Lane, Uriarte, María, Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zywiec, Magdalena, Clark, James S., and McGlinn, Daniel
Subjects: S1, Climate, Forests, Regenerative Medicine, Forest regeneration, Trees, Seed consumption, Species interactions, climate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, SD, tree fecundity, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Evolutionary Biology, species interactions, Ecology, competition, forest regeneration, seed consumption, Biodiversity, Fertility, Seeds, Competition, Ecological Applications, Tree fecundity
Abstract: 12 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 67 referencias.- Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of the article at the publisher’s website .- The peer review history for this article is available at https://publons.com/publon/10.1111/ele.14012 .- All data and code supporting our results are archived on the Zenodo Repository at the following link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6381799, Lack of tree fecundity data across climatic gradients precludes the analysis of how seed supply contributes to global variation in forest regeneration and biotic interactions responsible for biodiversity. A global synthesis of raw seedproduction data shows a 250-fold increase in seed abundance from cold-dry to warm-wet climates, driven primarily by a 100-fold increase in seed production for a given tree size. The modest (threefold) increase in forest productivity across the same climate gradient cannot explain the magnitudes of these trends. The increase in seeds per tree can arise from adaptive evolution driven by intense species interactions or from the direct effects of a warm, moist climate on tree fecundity. Either way, the massive differences in seed supply ramify through food webs potentially explaining a disproportionate role for species interactions in the wet tropics., The project has been funded by grants to JSC from the National Science Foundation, most recently DEB-1754443, and by the Belmont Forum (1854976), NASA (AIST16-0052, AIST18-0063) and the Programme d’Investissement d’Avenir under project FORBIC (18-MPGA-0004) (Make Our Planet Great Again). Jerry Franklin’s data remain accessible through NSF LTER DEB-1440409. Puerto Rico data were funded by NSF grants, most recently, DEB 0963447 and LTREB 11222325. Data from the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF LTREB 1754647. MB was supported by grant no. 2019/35/D/NZ8/00050 from the (Polish) National Science Centre, and Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001. Research by the USDA Forest Service and the USGS was funded by these agencies. Any use of trade, firm or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Is the climate change mitigation effect of enhanced silicate weathering governed by biological processes?

Author: Anna Neubeck, Philipp Swoboda, Eric Struyf, Ivan A. Janssens, Jordi Sardans, Jet Rijnders, Mathilde Hagens, Sílvia Poblador, Erik Verbruggen, Arthur Vienne, Jan Willem van Groenigen, Jens Hartmann, Sara Vicca, Daniel S. Goll, Josep Peñuelas, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Antwerp (UA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg (UHH), Uppsala University, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), and European Project: 0964545(2010)
Subjects: Carbon sequestration, Greenhouse Effect, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Enhanced weathering, Soil, Environmental protection, Soil biota, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, enhanced weathering, Ecology, greenhouse gas emissions, Biota, Soil Biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PE&RC, Chemistry, negative emissions, Bodemscheikunde en Chemische Bodemkwaliteit, Climate Change, Weathering, soil biota, Negative emissions, ddc:570, Greenhouse gas emissions, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Biology, Bodembiologie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, WIMEK, Silicates, Soil carbon, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, carbon sequestration, Enhanced weathering G53 1_ Greenhouse gas emissions, Carbon, Climate change mitigation, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality
Abstract: International audience; A number of negative emission technologies (NETs) have been proposed to actively remove CO2 from the atmosphere, with enhanced silicate weathering (ESW) as a relatively new NET with considerable climate change mitigation potential. Models calibrated to ESW rates in lab experiments estimate the global potential for inorganic carbon sequestration by ESW at about 0.5–5 Gt CO2 year−1, suggesting ESW could be an important component of the future NETs mix. In real soils, however, weathering rates may differ strongly from lab conditions. Research on natural weathering has shown that biota such as plants, microbes, and macro-invertebrates can strongly affect weathering rates, but biotic effects were excluded from most ESW lab assessments. Moreover, ESW may alter soil organic carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions by influencing physicochemical and biological processes, which holds the potential to perpetuate even larger negative emissions. Here, we argue that it is likely that the climate change mitigation effect of ESW will be governed by biological processes, emphasizing the need to put these processes on the agenda of this emerging research field.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Predicting the effect of confinement on the COVID-19 spread using machine learning enriched with satellite air pollution observations

Author: Xu Tang, Jianmin Chen, Tun Lu, Haidong Kan, Philippe Ciais, Renhe Zhang, Ivan A. Janssens, Rong Wang, Jordi Sardans, Lin Wang, Xiaofan Xing, Josep Peñuelas, Xiangrong Wang, Didier A. Hauglustaine, Ruipu Yang, Yves Balkanski, Yijing Wang, Weibing Wang, Lidia Morawska, Guy Brasseur, Junji Cao, Yuankang Xiong, Nico Bauer, Dongsheng Li, Yifei Deng, Olivier Boucher, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University [Shanghai], Microsoft Research Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), University of Antwerp (UA), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health [Brisbane], Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), ANR-15-CE04-0005, European Space Agency, ESA: 725546, ESRIN/4000123002/18/I-NB, National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 18107, 41877506, Generalitat de Catalunya: AGAUR-2020PANDE00117, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank H. J. Yu for important comments and J. H. Pan for help in compiling the epidemiological data. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877506), the Fudan’s Wangdao Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (18107), the Chinese Thousand Youth Talents Program, the PolEASIA-ANR project (ANR-15-CE04-0005), and the Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management. J.P. and J.S. acknowledge financial support from the Catalan Government grant AGAUR-2020PANDE00117. P.C. acknowledges support from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative ESA-CCI RECCAP2 project (ESRIN/4000123002/18/I-NB) and the Observation-based system for monitoring and verification of greenhouse gases project (VERIFY, grant 725546)., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fudan University, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Space Agency, Xing, Xiaofan [0000-0002-0334-6408], Wang, Rong [0000-0003-1962-0165], Wang, Weibing [0000-0002-4497-5251], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Ciais, Philippe [0000-0001-8560-4943], Bauer, Nico [0000-0002-0211-4162], Morawska, Lidia [0000-0002-0594-9683], Sardans, Jordi [0000-0003-2478-0219], Wang, Lin [0000-0002-4905-3432], Chen, Jianmin [0000-0001-5859-3070], Zhang, Renhe [0000-0001-7750-8679], Xing, Xiaofan, Wang, Rong, Wang, Weibing, Peñuelas, Josep, Ciais, Philippe, Bauer, Nico, Morawska, Lidia, Sardans, Jordi, Wang, Lin, Chen, Jianmin, and Zhang, Renhe
Subjects: China, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Air pollution, Satellite observation, Pandemic management, medicine.disease_cause, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Surrogate data, Troposphere, 03 medical and health sciences, Machine learning, medicine, Humans, Baseline (configuration management), Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Scenario based, COVID-19, 3. Good health, Socioeconomic Factors, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Physical Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite, Engineering sciences. Technology
Abstract: The real-time monitoring of reductions of economic activity by containment measures and its effect on the transmission of the coronavirus (COVID-19) is a critical unanswered question. We inferred 5,642 weekly activity anomalies from the meteorology-adjusted differences in spaceborne tropospheric NO2 column concentrations after the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak relative to the baseline from 2016 to 2019. Two satellite observations reveal reincreasing economic activity associated with lifting control measures that comes together with accelerating COVID-19 cases before the winter of 2020/2021. Application of the near-real-time satellite NO2 observations produces a much better prediction of the deceleration of COVID-19 cases than applying the Oxford Government Response Tracker, the Public Health and Social Measures, or human mobility data as alternative predictors. A convergent cross-mapping suggests that economic activity reduction inferred from NO2 is a driver of case deceleration in most of the territories. This effect, however, is not linear, while further activity reductions were associated with weaker deceleration. Over the winter of 2020/2021, nearly 1 million daily COVID-19 cases could have been avoided by optimizing the timing and strength of activity reduction relative to a scenario based on the real distribution. Our study shows how satellite observations can provide surrogate data for activity reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic and monitor the effectiveness of containment to the pandemic before vaccines become widely available., This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877506), the Fudan’s Wangdao Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (18107), the Chinese Thousand Youth Talents Program, the PolEASIA-ANR project (ANR15-CE04-0005), and the Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management. J.P. and J.S. acknowledge financial support from the Catalan Government grant AGAUR-2020PANDE00117. P.C. acknowledges support from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative ESA-CCI RECCAP2 project (ESRIN/4000123002/18/I-NB) and the Observation-based system for monitoring and verification of greenhouse gases project (VERIFY, grant 725546).
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Shifts in the Abundances of Saprotrophic and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi With Altered Leaf Litter Inputs

Author: Sara Marañón-Jiménez, Dajana Radujković, Erik Verbruggen, Oriol Grau, Matthias Cuntz, Josep Peñuelas, Andreas Richter, Marion Schrumpf, Corinna Rebmann, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Antwerp (UA), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Vienna [Vienna], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), and European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, media_common.quotation_subject, Plant Science, litter decomposition, Biology, Temperate deciduous forest, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), SB1-1110, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Botany, Organic matter, plant detritus, Original Research, media_common, soil fungal communities, chemistry.chemical_classification, Soil organic matter, ectomycorrhiza fungal exploration types, Plant culture, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Substrate (marine biology), Decomposition, Gadgil effect, CO2 fluxes, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Litter, 010606 plant biology & botany, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and saprotrophic fungi interact in the breakdown of organic matter, but the mechanisms underlying the EcM role on organic matter decomposition are not totally clear. We hypothesized that the ecological relations between EcM and saprotroph fungi are modulated by resources availability and accessibility, determining decomposition rates. We manipulated the amount of leaf litter inputs (No-Litter, Control Litter, Doubled Litter) on Trenched (root exclusion) and Non-Trenched plots (with roots) in a temperate deciduous forest of EcM-associated trees. Resultant shifts in soil fungal communities were determined by phospholipid fatty acids and DNA sequencing after 3 years, and CO2 fluxes were measured throughout this period. Different levels of leaf litter inputs generated a gradient of organic substrate availability and accessibility, altering the composition and ecological relations between EcM and saprotroph fungal communities. EcM fungi dominated at low levels of fresh organic substrates and lower organic matter quality, where short-distances exploration types seem to be better competitors, whereas saprotrophs and longer exploration types of EcM fungi tended to dominate at high levels of leaf litter inputs, where labile organic substrates were easily accessible. We were, however, not able to detect unequivocal signs of competition between these fungal groups for common resources. These results point to the relevance of substrate quality and availability as key factors determining the role of EcM and saprotroph fungi on litter and soil organic matter decay and represent a path forward on the capacity of organic matter decomposition of different exploration types of EcM fungi.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Influences of international agricultural trade on the global phosphorus cycle and its associated issues

Author: Qiyuan Hu, Michael Obersteiner, Chongyang Wang, Philippe Ciais, Ivan A. Janssens, Fei Lun, Xiao Xiao, Josep Peñuelas, Jordi Sardans, Danfeng Sun, Ming Liu, Zhuo Li, Jiayue Tang, China Agricultural University (CAU), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Antwerp (UA), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 41801202, No. 41911530693], National Key R&D Program of China [2016YFD0201207] and a Synergy Grant [ERC-2013-SyG-610028 IMBALANCE-P] from the European Research Council., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural economics, crop P fertilizer footprint, Scarcity, Crop, International agricultural trade, Temperate climate, Economics, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, global P cycle, China, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, business.industry, virtual P fertilizer flows, 1. No poverty, 15. Life on land, Chemistry, P use efficiency, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, engineering, Food processing, Fertilizer, business
Abstract: International audience; Industrial phosphorus (P) fertilizer has substantially improved global food production, but has also led to environmental impacts. Intensive global agricultural trade has increased and the impacts of trade on aggravating or alleviating future P scarcity must be examined, especially for the most vulnerable countries. We combined data to estimate the global P trade among countries and its impacts on global P flows, based on global agricultural trade, cropland soil P budgets and crop P fertilizer footprints (the amount of industrial P fertilizer applied for producing one unit of P in the harvested crop). The global agricultural P trade represented a fraction of 16% of P in harvested crops in 2014, half of which was exported from the United States of America, Brazil and the European Union and one fifth imported by China. Virtual P fertilizer flows (about 2.60 Tg P y-1) referred to industrial P fertilizers applied to traded crops by exporting countries; thus, 1/3 of global virtual P fertilizer flows were associated with the international soybean trade. P use efficiency (PUE), the ratio of the harvested crop-P to the total external P inputs, is a larger problem for tropical than temperate countries. Global crop trade had brought in a net 0.2 Tg P y-1 savings of industrial P fertilizers globally, compared to crop production in export and import countries. >0.50 Tg y-1 of the gross global accumulation of soil P and P in freshwater were associated with global agricultural trade. Global PUE, however, could be improved considerably, and thus global cooperation and improving PUE could help to solve the problem of future P scarcity. Vulnerable countries should also propose urgent national plans to address their own situations of P scarcity or low PUE.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Root traits explain plant species distributions along climatic gradients yet challenge the nature of ecological trade-offs

Author: Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Jasper van Ruijven, M. Luke McCormack, Ülo Niinemets, Hendrik Poorter, Renata Ćušterevska, Jonathan Lenoir, Ina C. Meier, Marco Schmidt, Fons van der Plas, Peter B. Reich, Grégoire T. Freschet, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Joana Bergmann, Thomas W. Kuyper, Jens Kattge, Catherine Roumet, Marina Semchenko, Josep Peñuelas, Isabelle Aubin, Gregory Richard Guerin, Wim A. Ozinga, Chaeho Byun, Helge Bruelheide, Franziska Schrodt, Olivia R. Burge, Christopher J. Sweeney, Nathaly R. Guerrero-Ramírez, Daniel C. Laughlin, Larry M. York, Colleen M. Iversen, Robert B. Jackson, Estelle Forey, Eduardo Velázquez, Liesje Mommer, Jürgen Dengler, Tatiana Lysenko, Bruno Hérault, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Patrick Meir, Alexandra Weigelt, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Département écologie et biodiversité des milieux forestiers, prairiaux et aquatiques (ECODIV), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), German Research Foundation, Biological and Environmental Research (US), University of Göttingen, Laughlin, Daniel C., Mommer, Liesje, Sabatini, Francesco Maria, Bruelheide, Helge, Kuyper, Thom W., McCormack, M. Luke, Bergmann, Joana, Freschet, Grégoire T., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Iversen, Colleen M., Kattge, Jens, Meier, Ina C., Poorter, Hendrik, Roumet, Catherine, Semchenko, Marina, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van der Plas, Fons, van Ruijven, Jasper, York, Larry M., Aubin, Isabelle, Burge, Olivia R., Byun, Chaeho, Ćušterevska, Renata, Dengler, Jürgen, Forey, Estelle, Guerin, Greg R., Hérault, Bruno, Jackson, Robert B., Karger, Dirk Nikolaus, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lysenko, Tatiana, Meir, Patrick, Niinemets, Ülo, Ozinga, Wim A., Peñuelas, Josep, Reich, Peter B., Schmidt, Marco, Schrodt, Franziska, Weigelt, Alexandra, University of Wyoming (UW), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, The Morton Arboretum, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universität Hamburg (UHH), IBG-2, Institute for Bio and Geosciences, Macquarie University, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Manchester [Manchester], University of Tartu, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Leipzig University, Noble Research Institute, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Sainte Marie, Ontario, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Andong National University, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje (UKIM), Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), University of Bayreuth, University of Adelaide, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët Boigny de Yamoussoukro (INP-HB), Stanford University, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage (WSL), Institut Fédéral de Recherches [Suisse], Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Australian National University (ANU), University of Edinburgh, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, University of Minnesota System, Western Sydney University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Laughlin D.C., Mommer L., Sabatini F.M., Bruelheide H., Kuyper T.W., McCormack M.L., Bergmann J., Freschet G.T., Guerrero-Ramirez N.R., Iversen C.M., Kattge J., Meier I.C., Poorter H., Roumet C., Semchenko M., Sweeney C.J., Valverde-Barrantes O.J., van der Plas F., van Ruijven J., York L.M., Aubin I., Burge O.R., Byun C., Custerevska R., Dengler J., Forey E., Guerin G.R., Herault B., Jackson R.B., Karger D.N., Lenoir J., Lysenko T., Meir P., Niinemets U., Ozinga W.A., Penuelas J., Reich P.B., Schmidt M., Schrodt F., Velazquez E., and Weigelt A.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, Range (biology), Climate, Ecophysiology, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Système racinaire, Forest and Landscape Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Facteur du milieu, Soil Biology, PE&RC, Physiologie végétale, Phenotype, 580: Pflanzen (Botanik), Biogeography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Écologie, F40 - Écologie végétale, Facteur écologique, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Biogéographie, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, ddc:570, Life Science, Forest, Community ecology, 577: Ökologie, Plant Dispersal, Vegetatie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Bodembiologie, Environmental gradient, Vegetation, Community, Directional selection, Water, 15. Life on land, Natural variation in plants, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: 21 Pág. Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR), Ecological theory is built on trade-offs, where trait differences among species evolved as adaptations to different environments. Trade-offs are often assumed to be bidirectional, where opposite ends of a gradient in trait values confer advantages in different environments. However, unidirectional benefits could be widespread if extreme trait values confer advantages at one end of an environmental gradient, whereas a wide range of trait values are equally beneficial at the other end. Here, we show that root traits explain species occurrences along broad gradients of temperature and water availability, but model predictions only resembled trade-offs in two out of 24 models. Forest species with low specific root length and high root tissue density (RTD) were more likely to occur in warm climates but species with high specific root length and low RTD were more likely to occur in cold climates. Unidirectional benefits were more prevalent than trade-offs: for example, species with large-diameter roots and high RTD were more commonly associated with dry climates, but species with the opposite trait values were not associated with wet climates. Directional selection for traits consistently occurred in cold or dry climates, whereas a diversity of root trait values were equally viable in warm or wet climates. Explicit integration of unidirectional benefits into ecological theory is needed to advance our understanding of the consequences of trait variation on species responses to environmental change., sPlot was initiated by sDiv and funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118) and is now a platform of iDiv. The sRoot workshops and L.M. were also supported by NWO-Vidi grant 864.14.006. C.M.I. and the Fine-Root Ecology Database were supported by the Biological and Environmental Research program in the US Department of Energy’s Office of Science. J.B. was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) project 432975993. N.R.G.-R. thanks the Dorothea Schlözer Postdoctoral Programme of the Georg-August-Universität.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Extreme drought reduces climatic disequilibrium in dryland plant communities

Author: Joaquin Hernández‐Bastida, Jens-Christian Svenning, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Miguel Ángel Esteve-Selma, Francisco Lloret, Maria Angeles Perez‐Navarro, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aarhus University [Aarhus], and University of Murcia
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population, Disequilibrium, Biodiversity, Holocene climatic optimum, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Shrubland, extreme climatic events, plant die-oﬀ, medicine, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, plant die-off, Plant community, 15. Life on land, Arid, community climatic disequilibrium, climate change, 13. Climate action, Mediterranean ecosystem, Environmental science, medicine.symptom
Abstract: International audience; High rates of climate change are currently exceeding many plant species’ capacity to keep up with climate, leading to mismatches between climatic conditions and climatic preferences of the species present in a community. is disequilibrium between climate and community composition could diminish, however, when critical climate thresh-olds are exceeded, due to population declines or losses among the more mismatched species. Here, we assessed the eﬀect of an extreme drought event on rich semiarid shrubland communities in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. Using a community climate framework, we compared the community climatic disequilibrium before and after the drought episode on three study sites with diﬀerent levels of precipitation. Disequilibrium was estimated as the diﬀerence between observed reference climate and community-inferred climate, calculated as the mean climatic optimum for the species present, weighted by their abundances. We found that extreme drought embedded within a decadal trend of increasing aridity led to a signiﬁcant reduction in community climatic disequilibrium, and that this reduction was positively related to water deﬁcit (low P/PET values). In contrast, microhabitat variables such as vegetation cover or slope, did not emerge as signiﬁcant predictors of changes in community climatic dis-equilibrium. Our study highlights that extreme drought events pushing communities in the same direction as climate trends may decrease community climatic mismatch, leading to communities more adapted to aridity through loss of drought-sensitive pecies. ese ﬁndings underscore that extreme events will play a crucial role in speeding up climate-induced community transformations and biodiversity losses.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Impact of lockdowns and winter temperatures on natural gas consumption in Europe

Author: Stijn Nc Dellaert, Yann Françoise, Katsumasa Tanaka, Steven J. Davis, Léna Gurriaran, Chaopeng Hong, Zhu Deng, François-Marie Bréon, Michael Obersteiner, Ivan A. Janssens, Ciais Philippe, Josep Peñuelas, Zhu Liu, Yilong Wang, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), TNO Climate, Air and Sustainability [Utrecht], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research [CAS] (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Agence d’Écologie Urbaine, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Plant and Vegetation Ecology (PLECO), University of Antwerp (UA), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), ANR-19-MPGA-0008, National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 42001104, Generalitat de Catalunya: AGAUR‐2020PANDE00117, Y. Wang acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant No. 42001104. K. Tanaka benefited from State assistance managed by the National Research Agency in France under the Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir under the reference ANR‐19‐MPGA‐0008. J. Penuelas acknowledges the Catalan government grant AGAUR‐2020PANDE00117, Y. Wang acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant No. 42001104. K. Tanaka benefited from State assistance managed by the National Research Agency in France under the Programme d?Investissements d?Avenir under the reference ANR-19-MPGA-0008. J. Penuelas acknowledges the Catalan government grant AGAUR-2020PANDE00117, and ANR-19-MPGA-0008,PRATO,Achieving the Paris Agreement Temperature Targets after Overshoot(2019)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Natural resource economics, and environment, FOS: Physical sciences, law.invention, law, Natural gas consumption, medicine, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), GE1-350, Philippe Ciais, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Biology, QH540-549.5, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Public health, Physics, Environmental sciences, Chemistry, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Transmission (mechanics), Geography, society, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), François-Marie Bréon Investigation: Philippe Ciais Methodology: Philippe Ciais The COVID-19 pandemic: linking health
Abstract: International audience; Natural gas use accounts for ≈38% of the fossil fuel CO 2 emissions in Europe, including the EU27 and UK (Eurostat, 2021). The share of this fossil fuel in the energy mix has been growing since 1990 at the expense of oil and coal, as it is viewed as a cleaner source of energy (IEA, 2021). The main sectors using natural gas are the built environment (residential, public and commercial buildings), the industry, and the electricity production (Eurostat, 2021). In addition to steadily growing natural gas use, the COVID-19 pandemic profoundly disrupted economic activities and the energy demand, beginning in early March of 2020. Specifically, the government policies restricted mobility and confined people at home during "lockdowns", and reduced or closed industrial and non-essential commercial activities, with impacts on gas use and pertaining CO 2 emissions. Although such impacts have been noted by recent reports (IEA, 2020a, 2020b), they have not yet been quantified and analyzed in detail. During the cold season period when the pandemic arrived in Europe, natural gas consumption is typically high due to the heating demand in the built environment, which represents 52% of the total gas consumption from all-sectors averaged over January to June. For both residential and commercial buildings, gas consumption is typically inversely proportional to daily air temperature when temperatures fall below a comfort threshold "critical
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. A framework for understanding how biodiversity patterns unfold across multiple spatial scales in urban ecosystems

Author: Josep Padullés Cubino, Sandrine Pavoine, Zdeňka Lososová, Christopher M. Swan, Daniel Sol, Alienor Jeliazkov, Carlo Ricotta, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Bryan L. Brown, Dorothy Borowy, Sonja Knapp, University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System, Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], University of Minnesota [Morris], University of Minnesota System, Hydrosystèmes continentaux anthropisés : ressources, risques, restauration (UR HYCAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Department Community Ecology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Metacommunity, Ecology (disciplines), Beta diversity, Biodiversity, species turnover, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, species co-occurrence, species co‐occurrence, alpha diversity, beta diversity, cultivated species, dispersal, urban ecosystems, QH540-549.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Biodiversity hotspot, Urban ecology, Geography, Alpha diversity, Urban ecosystem, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: Whether cities are more or less diverse than surrounding environments, and the extent to which non-native species in cities impact regional species pools, remain two fundamental yet unanswered questions in urban ecology. Here we offer a unifying framework for understanding the mechanisms that generate biodiversity patterns across taxonomic groups and spatial scales in urban systems. One commonality between existing frameworks is the collective recognition that species co-occurrence locally is not simply a function of natural colonization and extinction processes. Instead, it is largely a consequence of human actions that are governed by a myriad of social processes occurring across groups, institutions, and stakeholders. Rather than challenging these frameworks, we expand upon them to explicitly consider how human and non-human mechanisms interact to control urban biodiversity and influence species composition over space and time. We present a comprehensive theory of the processes that drive biodiversity within cities, between cities and surrounding non-urbanized areas and across cities, using the general perspective of metacommunity ecology. Armed with this approach, we embrace the fact that humans substantially influence beta-diversity by creating a variety of different habitats in urban areas, and by influencing dispersal processes and rates, and suggest ways how these influences can be accommodated to existing metacommunity paradigms. Since patterns in urban biodiversity have been extensively described at the local or regional scale, we argue that the basic premises of the theory can be validated by studying the beta-diversity across spatial scales within and across urban areas. By explicitly integrating the myriad of processes that drive native and non-native urban species co-occurrence, the proposed theory not only helps reconcile contrasting views on whether urban ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots or biodiversity sinks, but also provides a mechanistic understanding to better predict when and why alternative biodiversity patterns might emerge. sDiv; Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig - German Research Foundation; NSF LTER grant [DEB-1027188] Published version This paper resulted from the sUrBioCity working group funded by sDiv, the Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, funded by the German Research Foundation. CMS acknowledges support from NSF LTER grant no. DEB-1027188. The opinions and findings expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not of the National Science Foundation.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. The seeds of invasion: enhanced germination in invasive European populations of black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia L.) compared to native American populations

Author: R. Ségura, A. J. Porté, F. Moret, Marcin Klisz, J. Pino, T. Wojda, A. Martinik, Arnaud Monty, S. Mariette, M. van Loo, X. P. Bouteiller, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg - Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Université de Liège, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, and Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, quantitative genetics, Zoology, biological invasion, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, phenotypic plasticity, Trees, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, American Indian or Alaska Native, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Local adaptation, 0303 health sciences, Phenotypic plasticity, Robinia, seedlings, General Medicine, Quantitative genetics, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, life-history traits, Genetic distance, germination, Robinia pseudoacacia, Seedling, Germination, black locust, Seeds, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, genetic differentiation, Locust
Abstract: International audience; Local adaptation and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity may facilitate biological invasions. Both processes can enhance germination and seedling recruitment, which are crucial life-history traits for plants. The rate, timing and speed of germination have recently been documented as playing a major role during the invasion process. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a North American tree, which has spread widely throughout Europe. A recent study demonstrated that a few populations are the source of European black locust. Thus, invasive populations can be compared to native ones in order to identify genetic-based phenotypic differentiation and the role of phenotypic plasticity can thereby be assessed. A quantitative genetics experiment was performed to evaluate 13 juvenile traits of both native and invasive black locust populations (3000 seeds, 20 populations) subjected to three different thermal treatments (18 degrees C, 22 degrees C and 31 degrees C). The results revealed European populations to have a higher germination rate than the native American populations (88% versus 60%), and even when genetic distance between populations was considered. Moreover, this trait showed lower plasticity to temperature in the invasive range than in the native one. Conversely, other studied traits showed high plasticity to temperature, but they responded in a similar way to temperature increase: the warmer the temperature, the higher the growth rate or germination traits values. The demonstrated genetic differentiation between native and invasive populations testifies to a shift between ranges for the maximum germination percentage. This pattern could be due to human-mediated introduction of black locust.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. High foliar K and P resorption efficiencies in old‐growth tropical forests growing on nutrient‐poor soils

Author: Jérôme Chave, Lore T. Verryckt, Leandro Van Langenhove, Clément Stahl, Ivan A. Janssens, Bruno Hérault, Guillermo Peguero, Ifigenia Urbina, Albert Gargallo-Garriga, Jennifer L. Soong, Emma J. Sayer, Joan Llusià, Jordi Sardans, Elodie A. Courtois, Josep Peñuelas, Olga Margalef, Oriol Grau, Romà Ogaya, Dolores Asensio, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), and CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], forêt tropicale, 01 natural sciences, stocks, nitrogen, Substance nutritive, Soil, Nutrient, Tropical forest, phosphorus, QH540-549.5, Original Research, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, potassium, Feuille, Phosphorus, Resorption, Physiologie végétale, Chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, cycle nutriments dans écosystèmes, resorption, tropical forest, Nutrient cycle, Nitrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, soil, Abscission, Fertilité du sol, Stocks, Saisonnalité, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, nutrient, P35 - Fertilité du sol, 15. Life on land, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Agronomy, chemistry, Soil water, Litter, Potassium, Sol de forêt, Human medicine, Plant nutrition, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Resorption is the active withdrawal of nutrients before leaf abscission. This mechanism represents an important strategy to maintain efficient nutrient cycling; however, resorption is poorly characterized in old‐growth tropical forests growing in nutrient‐poor soils. We investigated nutrient resorption from leaves in 39 tree species in two tropical forests on the Guiana Shield, French Guiana, to investigate whether resorption efficiencies varied with soil nutrient, seasonality, and species traits. The stocks of P in leaves, litter, and soil were low at both sites, indicating potential P limitation of the forests. Accordingly, mean resorption efficiencies were higher for P (35.9%) and potassium (K; 44.6%) than for nitrogen (N; 10.3%). K resorption was higher in the wet (70.2%) than in the dry (41.7%) season. P resorption increased slightly with decreasing total soil P; and N and P resorptions were positively related to their foliar concentrations. We conclude that nutrient resorption is a key plant nutrition strategy in these old‐growth tropical forests, that trees with high foliar nutrient concentration reabsorb more nutrient, and that nutrients resorption in leaves, except P, are quite decoupled from nutrients in the soil. Seasonality and biochemical limitation played a role in the resorption of nutrients in leaves, but species‐specific requirements obscured general tendencies at stand and ecosystem level., Resorption is a key plant nutrition strategy in old‐growth tropical forests. Trees with high foliar nutrient concentration reabsorb more nutrients. Nutrients resorption in leaves, except P, are quite decoupled from nutrients in the soil. Seasonality and biochemical limitation played a role in the resorption of nutrients in leaves, but species‐specific requirements obscured general tendencies at stand and ecosystem level.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Spontaneous forest regrowth in South‐West Europe: Consequences for nature's contributions to people

Author: Elena Valdés-Correcher, Carmen Rodríguez Fernández-Blanco, Sandra Magro, Theresa Frei, Andrés Bravo-Oviedo, Josep Maria Espelta, Arndt Hampe, Georg Winkel, Raquel Alfaro-Sánchez, Fernando Valladares, Santiago C. González-Martínez, Irene Martín-Forés, Gabriel Gerzabek, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, European Forest Institute (EFI), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, Grant/Award Number: CGL2017-83170-R, Spanish Research Agency (AEI) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO), Grant/Award Number: PCIN-2016-055, German Research Foundation, Comunidad de Madrid, Grant/Award Number: TE-CM. S2018/EMT-4338, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and Comunidad de Madrid
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, forest densification, Biodiversity & Conservation, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, Public administration, 01 natural sciences, German, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, 11. Sustainability, Agency (sociology), lcsh:Human ecology. Anthropogeography, stakeholder, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Foundation (engineering), Stakeholder, social perception, Work (electrical), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, language, Biodiversity Conservation, Christian ministry, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, HUMAN HEALTH, rural abandonment, CONSERVATION, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Forest regrowth, FARMLAND ABANDONMENT, Political science, lcsh:QH540-549.5, BENEFITS, passive restoration, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, RESTORATION, Science & Technology, LANDSCAPE, 15. Life on land, language.human_language, social perceptions, 13. Climate action, pontaneous forest regrowth, BIODIVERSITY, lcsh:Ecology, lcsh:GF1-900, spontaneous forest regrowth, West europe, forest expansion
Abstract: European forests are expanding and becoming denser following the widespread abandonment of farmland and rural areas. Spontaneous forest regrowth provides a cost-effective opportunity to restore ecosystems, enhance multifunctionality and sustainability and mitigate climate change. Yet, little is known about the goods and services that such forests provide to people. We assessed the changes in nature's contributions to people (NCP) from spontaneous forest regrowth, i.e. forest expansion and densification, in South West Europe.We investigated 65 forest plots in four different landscapes with contrasting ecological and societal contexts. Two landscapes are located in rural areas undergoing human exodus and forest expansion and densification; the other two, in peri¿urban areas with intense land use and forest densification but negligible expansion. For each forest plot, we estimated variables related to ten out of the 18 main NCP defined by the Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Regulating and material NCP were addressed using variables measured in the field as proxies. Non material NCP were studied through stakeholder interviews. Our results show across the cases that forest expansion and densification are generally associated with greater climate regulation and energy provision. Changes in other NCP, especially in non material ones, were strongly context¿dependent. The social perception of spontaneous forest regrowth was primarily negative in rural areas and more positive in peri-urban landscapes. Passive restoration through spontaneous forest expansion and densification can enhance regulating and material NCP, especially when adaptive management is applied. To optimise NCP and to increase the societal awareness of and interest in spontaneous forest regrowth, the effects of this process should be analysed in close coordination with local stakeholders to unveil and quantify the many and complex trade-offs involved in rural or peri-urban social perceptions., This work was funded by the grants SPONFOREST [BiodivERsA3‐2015‐58, PCIN‐2016‐055, financed by the Spanish Research Agency (AEI) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO)], COMEDIAS (MINECO, CGL2017‐83170‐R), REMEDINAL TE (Ref. TE‐CM. S2018/EMT‐4338, 2019‐2023‐Comunidad de Madrid) and the German Research Foundation.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. In: Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin – Current Situation and Risks for the Future. First Mediterranean Assessment Report

Author: Wolfgang, Cramer, Joël, Guiot, Katarzyna, Marini, Brian, Azzopardi, Mario, V Balzan, Semia, Cherif, Enrique, Doblas-Miranda, Maria dos Santos, Philippe, Drobinski, Marianela, Fader, Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Giupponi, Carlo, Vassiliki, Koubi, Manfred, Lange, Piero, Lionello, Maria Carmen Llasat, Stefano, Moncada, Rachid, Mrabet, Shlomit, Paz, Robert, Savé, Maria, Snoussi, Andrea, Toreti, Vafeidis, Athanasios T., Elena, Xoplaki, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MedECC Secretariat, Plan Bleu, France (MedECC), Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology, Partenaires INRAE, Malta Council for Science and Technology, Institut supérieur des sciences biologiques appliquées de Tunis = Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis (ISSBAT), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change, Federal Institute of Hydrology, National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento [Lecce], University of Salento [Lecce], Department of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, University of Malta [Malta], Islands and Small States Institute (ISSI), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Maroc] (INRA Maroc), Department of Geography and Environmental Studies [Haifa], University of Haifa [Haifa], Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal] (UM5), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Coastal Risks & Sea-level Rise Research Group (CRSLR), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Department of Geography, Justus-Liebig- University, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) thanks to the financial support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), United Nations Environment Programme / Mediterranean Action, Plan Bleu (Regional Activity Center of UNEP/MAP), Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of the Principality of Monaco, [Cramer W, Guiot J, Marini K (eds.)], and Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA)
Subjects: Settore BIO/07 - Ecologia, Anthropogenic changes, Climate, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Settore SECS-P/06 - Economia Applicata, Environmental change
Abstract: International audience; Virtually all sub-regions of the Mediterranean Basin, on land and in the sea, are impacted by recent anthropogenic changes in the environment. The main drivers of change include climate (temperature, precipitation, atmospheric circulation, extreme events, sea-level rise, sea water temperature, salinity and acidification), population increase, pollution, unsustainable land and sea use practices and non-indigenous species. In most areas, both natural ecosystems and human livelihoods are affected. Due to global and regional trends in the drivers, impacts will be exacerbated in the coming decades, especially if global warming exceeds 1.5 to 2°C above the pre-industrial level. Significantly enhanced efforts are needed in order to adapt to inevitable changes, mitigate change drivers and increase resilience.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Overestimation of the effect of climatic warming on spring phenology due to misrepresentation of chilling

Author: Huanjiong Wang, Chaoyang Wu, Yongshuo H. Fu, Josep Peñuelas, Philippe Ciais, Quansheng Ge, Junhu Dai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Beijing Normal University (BNU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Hot Temperature, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Perennial plant, Science, Climate Change, General Physics and Astronomy, Climate change, Flowering time, Models, Biological, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Spring (hydrology), Ecosystem, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Climatic warming, Betula, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Phenology, General Chemistry, Cold Temperature, Plant Leaves, Environmental sciences, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Linear Models, Environmental science, Dormancy, lcsh:Q, Seasons, Climate sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Spring warming substantially advances leaf unfolding and flowering time for perennials. Winter warming, however, decreases chilling accumulation (CA), which increases the heat requirement (HR) and acts to delay spring phenology. Whether or not this negative CA-HR relationship is correctly interpreted in ecosystem models remains unknown. Using leaf unfolding and flowering data for 30 perennials in Europe, here we show that more than half (7 of 12) of current chilling models are invalid since they show a positive CA-HR relationship. The possible reason is that they overlook the effect of freezing temperature on dormancy release. Overestimation of the advance in spring phenology by the end of this century by these invalid chilling models could be as large as 7.6 and 20.0 days under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. Our results highlight the need for a better representation of chilling for the correct understanding of spring phenological responses to future climate change., Climate warming is advancing spring leaf unfolding, but it is also reducing the cold periods that many trees require to break winter dormancy. Here, the authors show that 7 of 12 current chilling models fail to account for the correct relationship between chilling accumulation and heat requirement, leading to substantial overestimates of the advance of spring phenology under climate change.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Synchrony matters more than species richness in plant community stability at a global scale

Author: Meelis Pärtel, Katja Klumpp, Jürgen Dengler, Romà Ogaya, Begoña Peco, Jiří Danihelka, Ricardo Ibáñez, Rob H. Marrs, Martin Stock, Thomas Galland, Susan K Wiser, Marc Estiarte, Anke Jentsch, Robin J. Pakeman, David Ward, Wolfgang Schmidt, Iker Pardo, Christian Smit, Martin Schuetz, Ricardo García-González, Martin Zobel, Eric Garnier, Hana Skálová, Minghua Song, Karsten Wesche, Richard F. Pywell, Vigdis Vandvik, Lars Götzenberger, Anna E-Vojtkó, Ben A. Woodcock, James Val, Marie Šmilauerová, Frédérique Louault, Norbert Juergens, Jan Lepš, Ute Schmiedel, Francesco de Bello, Susan Harrison, David J. Eldridge, Carlos P. Carmona, Josep Peñuelas, Peter B. Adler, Tomáš Herben, Roel van Klink, Fei-Hai Yu, Daniel Gómez-García, Miklós Kertész, Enrique Valencia, Gábor Ónodi, Petr Šmilauer, Marta Rueda, Truman P. Young, Conservation Ecology Group, Smit group, Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University Olomouc, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Universität Bayreuth, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), University of South Bohemia, Institute of Physics of Materials of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPM / CAS), Utah State University (USU), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), University of Bayreuth, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] (UNAV), Hamburg University of Applied Sciences [Hamburg], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Liverpool, Open University of Catalonia [Barcelona], The James Hutton Institute, University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), UK Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH), Göttingen State and University Library (SUB Göttingen), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], University of Hamburg, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Community and Conservation Ecology Group [Groningen], Université de Groningen, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Landesbetrieb für Küstenschutz, Nationalpark und Meeresschutz Schleswig-Holstein [Husum, Allemagne] (LKN.SH), University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Kent State University, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Taizhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Library of the Czech Academy of Sciences (LCAS), National Science Foundation (US), New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank, University of Minnesota, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Czech Science Foundation, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Comunidad de Madrid, Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], Lepš, J. [0000-0002-4822-7429], E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], Carmona, Carlos P. [0000-0001-6935-4913], García-González, Ricardo [0000-0001-5625-8690], Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900], Bello, Francesco de, Galland, Thomas, Lepš, J., E‐Vojtkó, Anna, Carmona, Carlos P., García-González, Ricardo, and Götzenberger, L.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Carbon Sequestration, Life on Land, Climate Change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 333.7: Landflächen, Naturerholungsgebiete, Biodiversity, Land management, Climate change, Plant Development, climate change drivers, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Climate change driver, Soil, 577: Ökologie, species richness, Life Below Water, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Ecological stability, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, synchrony, Plant community, 15. Life on land, Biological Sciences, Plants, stability, 13. Climate action, Species evenness, evenness, Species richness
Abstract: The stability of ecological communities is critical for the stable provisioning of ecosystem services, such as food and forage production, carbon sequestration, and soil fertility. Greater biodiversity is expected to enhance stability across years by decreasing synchrony among species, but the drivers of stability in nature remain poorly resolved. Our analysis of time series from 79 datasets across the world showed that stability was associated more strongly with the degree of synchrony among dominant species than with species richness. The relatively weak influence of species richness is consistent with theory predicting that the effect of richness on stability weakens when synchrony is higher than expected under random fluctuations, which was the case in most communities. Land management, nutrient addition, and climate change treatments had relatively weak and varying effects on stability, modifying how species richness, synchrony, and stability interact. Our results demonstrate the prevalence of biotic drivers on ecosystem stability, with the potential for environmental drivers to alter the intricate relationship among richness, synchrony, and stability., We were supported by US NSF Grants DEB-8114302, DEB8811884, DEB-9411972, DEB-0080382, DEB-0620652, DEB-1234162, and DEB0618210; the Nutrient Network (https://nutnet.org/) experiment from NSF Research Coordination Network Grant NSF-DEB-1042132; the New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank; and Institute on the Environment Grant DG-0001-13. Data (Dataset 56, SI Appendix, Supplementary Text S4) owned by NERC Database Right/Copyright NERC. Further support was provided by the Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research project, Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, and the University of Minnesota. The Rothamsted Long-term Experiments National Capability is supported by UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Grant BBS/E/C/000J0300 and the Lawes Agricultural Trust. This research was funded by Czech Science Foundation Grant GACR16-15012S and Czech Academy of Sciences Grant RVO 67985939. E.V. was funded by 2017 Program for Attracting and Retaining Talent of Comunidad de Madrid Grant 2017-T2/AMB-5406.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Directional trends in species composition over time can lead to a widespread overemphasis of year-to-year asynchrony

Author: Martin Schuetz, Eric Garnier, Hana Skálová, Martin Stock, Marc Estiarte, Marie Šmilauerová, Martin Zobel, Norbert Juergens, Karsten Wesche, Jiří Danihelka, Katja Klumpp, Wolfgang Schmidt, Josep Peñuelas, Ricardo Ibáñez, Christian Smit, Ute Schmiedel, Frédérique Louault, Begoña Peco, Ricardo García-González, Truman P. Young, Marta Rueda, Vigdis Vandvik, Thomas Galland, Fei-Hai Yu, Anna E-Vojtkó, Ben A. Woodcock, Daniel Gómez, Petr Šmilauer, Enrique Valencia, Tomáš Herben, Luisa Conti, Jürgen Dengler, Rob H. Marrs, Meelis Pärtel, Gábor Ónodi, Lars Götzenberger, Miklós Kertész, James Val, Francesco de Bello, Susan Harrison, David J. Eldridge, Anke Jentsch, Robin J. Pakeman, Minghua Song, Jan Lepš, Smit group, National Science Foundation (US), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, European Commission, New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank, European Research Council, Estonian Research Council, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Czech Science Foundation, German Federal Environmental Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Bello, Francesco de, Lepš, J., Galland, Thomas, E‐Vojtkó, Anna, Götzenberger, L., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), University of South Bohemia, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Universität Bayreuth, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón [Saragoza, España] (ICMA-CSIC), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Clínica Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona], Hamburg University of Applied Sciences [Hamburg], MTA-ELTE Research Group for Geology, Geophysics and Space Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Liverpool, The James Hutton Institute, University of Tartu, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología [Madrid] (CNB-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Göttingen State and University Library (SUB Göttingen), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Wadden Sea Centre, University of Bergen (UiB), Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Taizhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Biocomputing Unit [Madrid], Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Lepš, J. [0000-0002-4822-7429], Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], and Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Asynchrony, Biodiversity, DIVERSITY, Plant Science, Biology, Year-to-year fluctuation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Year‐to‐year fluctuation, RICHNESS, Statistics, Ecosystem, Temporal dynamics, 577: Ökologie, Relative species abundance, year-to-year fluctuation, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, STABILITY, temporal dynamics, synchrony, Plant community, Moving window, 15. Life on land, Population variability, COMMUNITY, Synchrony, 13. Climate action, COMPENSATORY DYNAMICS, BIODIVERSITY, Species richness, asynchrony, Quadrat, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Stability, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Questions. Compensatory dynamics are described as one of the main mechanisms that increase community stability, e.g., where decreases of some species on a year‐to‐year basis are offset by an increase in others. Deviations from perfect synchrony between species (asynchrony) have therefore been advocated as an important mechanism underlying biodiversity effects on stability. However, it is unclear to what extent existing measures of synchrony actually capture the signal of year‐to‐year species fluctuations in the presence of long‐term directional trends in both species abundance and composition (species directional trends hereafter). Such directional trends may lead to a misinterpretation of indices commonly used to reflect year‐to‐year synchrony. Methods. An approach based on three‐term local quadrat variance (T3) which assesses population variability in a three‐year moving window, was used to overcome species directional trend effects. This “detrending” approach was applied to common indices of synchrony across a worldwide collection of 77 temporal plant community datasets comprising almost 7,800 individual plots sampled for at least six years. Plots included were either maintained under constant “control” conditions over time or were subjected to different management or disturbance treatments. Results. Accounting for directional trends increased the detection of year‐to‐year synchronous patterns in all synchrony indices considered. Specifically, synchrony values increased significantly in ~40% of the datasets with the T3 detrending approach while in ~10% synchrony decreased. For the 38 studies with both control and manipulated conditions, the increase in synchrony values was stronger for longer time series, particularly following experimental manipulation. Conclusions. Species’ long‐term directional trends can affect synchrony and stability measures potentially masking the ecological mechanism causing year‐to‐year fluctuations. As such, previous studies on community stability might have overemphasised the role of compensatory dynamics in real‐world ecosystems, and particularly in manipulative conditions, when not considering the possible overriding effects of long‐term directional trends., We thank multiple entities for the financial support necessary to obtain the different databases: the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant numbers DEB‐8114302, DEB‐8811884, DEB‐9411972, DEB‐0080382, DEB‐0620652, DEB‐1234162, DEB‐9707477, DEB‐0316402, DEB‐08‐16453, and DEB‐12‐56034, DEB‐0618210, the Nutrient Network (http://www.nutnet.org) experiment from the National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network (NSF‐DEB‐1042132), the New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank, the Spanish MINECO (Project CGL2014‐53789‐R), the Madrid Regional Government (Projects REMEDINAL‐3 and REMEDINAL‐TE), the European Research Council Synergy grant 610028 (IMBALANCE‐P), the Institute on the Environment (DG‐0001‐13), the SOERE‐ACBB financed through French National Agency for Research (ANAEE‐F, ANR‐11‐INBS‐0001), the Estonian Research Council (IUT 20‐28, IUT 20‐29), Czech Science Foundation (GAČR 17‐05506S and 19‐28491X), the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange), the German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU) for a grant to the NABU Hamburg (management experiment Calamagrostis epigejos), and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research within the framework of the project BIOTA Southern Africa (promotion numbers 01LC0024, 01LC0024A and 01LC0624A2), Task 159 of SASSCAL (promotion number 01LG1201) and the Scottish Government's Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services division. Acknowledgement Data owned by NERC© Database Right/Copyright NERC. Further support was provided by the Jornada Basin Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve and the University of Minnesota. We also thank the Lawes Agricultural Trust and Rothamsted Research for data from the e‐RA database. The Rothamsted Long‐term Experiments National Capability (LTE‐NCG) is supported by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Grant BBS/E/C/000J0300) and the Lawes Agricultural Trust.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Global Socioeconomic Risk of Precipitation Extremes Under Climate Change

Author: Quansheng Ge, Yanhua Liu, Philippe Ciais, Tao Pan, Yujie Liu, Jie Chen, Josep Peñuelas, Zhang Yuhu, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Gross domestic product, Volcanic Hazards and Risks, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Climate change, RCP scenarios, Disaster Risk Analysis and Assessment, 020701 environmental engineering, Research Articles, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:GE1-350, education.field_of_study, 1. No poverty, Representative Concentration Pathways, Climate Impact, Geography, Purchasing power parity, climate change, Impacts of Global Change, Mathematical Geophysics, Research Article, Persistence, Memory, Correlations, Clustering, precipitation extremes, Inequality, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, 0207 environmental engineering, Volcanology, Socioeconomic risk, Exposure, Extreme Events, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Economic Impacts of Disasters, Global Change, Precipitation, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, education, Socioeconomic status, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Policy Sciences, Climate Impacts, SSP scenarios, Benefit‐cost Analysis, socioeconomic risk, 13. Climate action, Volcano/Climate Interactions, Regional Climate Change, Physical geography, Precipitation extremes, lcsh:Ecology, Hydrology, Natural Hazards
Abstract: Precipitation extremes are among the most serious consequences of climate change around the world. The observed and projected frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation in some regions will greatly influence the social economy. The frequency of extreme precipitation and the population and economic exposure were quantified for a base period (1986–2005) and future periods (2016–2035 and 2046–2065) based on bias corrected projections of daily precipitation from five global climatic models forced with three representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and projections of population and gross domestic product (GDP) in the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The RCP8.5‐SSP3 scenario produces the highest global population exposure for 2046–2065, with nearly 30% of the global population (2.97 × 109 persons) exposed to precipitation extremes >10 days/a. The RCP2.6‐SSP1 scenario produces the highest global GDP exposure for 2046–2065, with a 5.56‐fold increase relative to the base period, of up to (2.29 ± 0.20) × 1015 purchasing power parity $‐days. Socioeconomic effects are the primary contributor to the exposure changes at the global and continental scales. Population and GDP effects account for 64–77% and 78–91% of the total exposure change, respectively. The inequality of exposure indicates that more attention should be given to Asia and Africa due to their rapid increases in population and GDP. However, due to their dense populations and high GDPs, European countries, that is, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands, should also commit to effective adaptation measures., Key Points Global population and GDP exposures are highest for 2046–2065 in RCP8.5‐SSP3 and RCP2.6‐SSP1, 8.46 × 1010 person‐days and 2.29 × 1015PPP $‐daysIncreases in population and GDP are the dominant contributors, accounting for over 60% of future changes in socioeconomic exposureEffective adaptation is urgently needed for some European countries, for example, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Belgium, and in Asia and Africa
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Geographic variation in marmots’ alarm calls causes different responses

Author: Irene Figueroa, Coraline Bichet, Bernat Claramunt-López, Clara Superbie, Mariona Ferrandiz-Rovira, Aurélie Cohas, Thierry Lengagne, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Biology (University of Saskatchewan), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Institut für Vogelforschung 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', and Catalan Government 2017 SGR 1006
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Marmota marmota, Communication, education.field_of_study, Natural selection, biology, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Population, Intelligibility (communication), Alarm signal, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Accent . Acoustic communication . Dialect . Genetic differentiation . Geographic variation . Alarm call, Predation, ALARM, Animal ecology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Geographic variation in acoustic signals has been investigated for five decades to better understand the evolution of communication. When receivers are able to discriminate among signals and to react accordingly, geographic variation can have major impacts on the ability of conspecifics to communicate. Surprisingly, geographic variation in alarm calls and its consequences for the communication process have been so far neglected despite their crucial role on individual survival. Working with four wild populations of Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota), we found differences in the acoustic structure of their alarm calls. These differences cannot be explained by geographic or genetic distances but more likely by other mechanisms including random processes. Moreover, playback experiments provided evidence that receivers discriminate between alarm calls from their own versus other populations, with responses at lower intensity when the alarm calls played back originated from their own population. Research on the mechanistic causes of geographic variation and on the relationship between alarm call variation, familiarity, and intelligibility of signal and behavioral responses is now required to better understand how predation pressure, and more widely natural selection, could drive the evolution of communication. Dialects (i.e., geographic variation) can have major impacts on the ability of conspecifics to communicate. Surprisingly, dialects in alarm calls have been neglected despite their crucial role on survival of individuals. Alpine marmots have dialects in alarm calls and discriminate their own dialects from others, being more frightened by alarm calls from another population than by those from their own. Confronted with an unknown dialect, marmots may adopt a self-preserving strategy and choose to run away before assessing the danger.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Growth and resilience responses of Scots pine to extreme droughts across Europe depend on predrought growth conditions

Author: Juan Carlos Linares, Andreas Rigling, Mathieu Lévesque, Matthias Saurer, Annette Menzel, Ana-Maria Hereş, Michel Vennetier, Alessandra Bottero, Luis Matías, Daniel Ziche, Allan Buras, Raúl Sánchez-Salguero, Andrea Hevia, Matthias Haeni, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, Maxime Cailleret, Arthur Gessler, J. Julio Camarero, Andreas Bolte, Arun K. Bose, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Transilvania University of Brasov, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Universidad Pablo de Olavide [Sevilla] (UPO), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, German Waldklimafond, Bavarian State Ministry for Food, Agriculture, and Forestry, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), and Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, acclimation, latitudinal gradient, Pinus sylvestris, predisposition, tree rings, Predisposition, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Germany, Primary Research Article, extreme event, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, biology, 31 Ciencias Agrarias, Droughts, ddc, Europe, climate change, Productivity (ecology), Interactive effects, coniferous tree, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Eventos extremos, climate effect, drought resistance, Growing season, 010603 evolutionary biology, Acclimatization, Environmental Chemistry, Resilience (network), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Resistance (ecology), Global warming, Scots pine, Tree rings, 15. Life on land, Primary Research Articles, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, Spain, physiological response, complexity, Acclimation, global climate
Abstract: Global climate change is expected to further raise the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as droughts. The effects of extreme droughts on trees are difficult to disentangle given the inherent complexity of drought events (frequency, severity, duration, and timing during the growing season). Besides, drought effects might be modulated by trees’ phenotypic variability, which is, in turn, affected by long‐term local selective pressures and management legacies. Here we investigated the magnitude and the temporal changes of tree‐level resilience (i.e., resistance, recovery, and resilience) to extreme droughts. Moreover, we assessed the tree‐, site‐, and drought‐related factors and their interactions driving the tree‐level resilience to extreme droughts. We used a tree‐ring network of the widely distributed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) along a 2,800 km latitudinal gradient from southern Spain to northern Germany. We found that the resilience to extreme drought decreased in mid‐elevation and low productivity sites from 1980–1999 to 2000–2011 likely due to more frequent and severe droughts in the later period. Our study showed that the impact of drought on tree‐level resilience was not dependent on its latitudinal location, but rather on the type of sites trees were growing at and on their growth performances (i.e., magnitude and variability of growth) during the predrought period. We found significant interactive effects between drought duration and tree growth prior to drought, suggesting that Scots pine trees with higher magnitude and variability of growth in the long term are more vulnerable to long and severe droughts. Moreover, our results indicate that Scots pine trees that experienced more frequent droughts over the long‐term were less resistant to extreme droughts. We, therefore, conclude that the physiological resilience to extreme droughts might be constrained by their growth prior to drought, and that more frequent and longer drought periods may overstrain their potential for acclimation., We examined tree growth resilience of Scots pine along a 2,800 km latitudinal gradient from southern Spain to north‐eastern Germany using 615 adult trees from 30 different sites. We found that the resilience of Scots pine to extreme drought decreased in mid‐elevation and low productivity sites from 1980–1999 to 2000–2011 due to more frequent and severe droughts in the later period. We showed that the impact of drought on tree‐level resilience was not dependent on its latitudinal location, but rather on the type of sites trees were growing at and on their growth performances during the pre‐drought period.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Turgor - a limiting factor for radial growth in mature conifers along an elevational gradient

Author: David Frank, Richard L. Peters, Dirk J.W. De Pauw, Kathy Steppe, Patrick Fonti, Cyrille B. K. Rathgeber, Henri E. Cuny, Marcus Schaub, Antoine Cabon, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, University of Basel (Unibas), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN), Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, and Joint Research Unit CTFC – AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Limiting factor, Physiology, Turgor pressure, Climate change, Growing season, Context (language use), Plant Science, tree hydraulics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Trees, 03 medical and health sciences, process-based model, Picea, Cambium, Global warming, Carbon sink, 15. Life on land, Pinus, Wood, Droughts, tree rings, Tracheophyta, 030104 developmental biology, Water potential, climate change, radial stem growth, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, wood formation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; A valid representation of intra-annual wood formation processes in global vegetation models is vital for assessing climate change impacts on the forest carbon stock. Yet, wood formation is generally modelled with photosynthesis, despite mounting evidence that cambial activity is rather directly constrained by limiting environmental factors. Here, we apply a state-of-the-art turgor-driven growth model to simulate 4 yr of hourly stem radial increment fromPicea abies(L.) Karst. andLarix deciduaMill. growing along an elevational gradient. For the first time, wood formation observations were used to validate weekly to annual stem radial increment simulations, while environmental measurements were used to assess the climatic constraints on turgor-driven growth. Model simulations matched the observed timing and dynamics of wood formation. Using the detailed model outputs, we identified a strict environmental regulation on stem growth (air temperature > 2 degrees C and soil water potential > -0.6 MPa). Warmer and drier summers reduced the growth rate as a result of turgor limitation despite warmer temperatures being favourable for cambial activity. These findings suggest that turgor is a central driver of the forest carbon sink and should be considered in next-generation vegetation models, particularly in the context of global warming and increasing frequency of droughts.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Timeline of autumn phenology in temperate deciduous trees

Author: Inge Dox, Holger Lange, Patrick Fonti, Jožica Gričar, Paolo Zuccarini, Josep Peñuelas, Sebastien Leys, Bertold Mariën, Peter Prislan, Charly Geron, Matteo Campioli, Lorène Julia Marchand, Jan Van den Bulcke, University of Antwerp (UA), Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Université de Liège, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), 714916, H2020 European Research Council, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, listna senescenca, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physiology, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, autumn phenology, xylem formation, foliar senescence, cambium, chlorophyll, radial growth, wood, decidiuous trees, common aspen, common beech, pedunculate oak, silver birch, Trees, trepetlika, navadna bukev, les, chlorophyll, udc:630*1, biology, Phenology, Temperature, dob, navadna breza, debelinska rast, common beech, Europe, Deciduous, jesenska fenologija, wood growth, Seasons, decidiuous trees, wood, Nutrient cycle, nastajanje lesa, cambium, Temperate deciduous forest, jesenska fenologija, nastajanje lesa, listna senescenca, kambij, klorofil, debelinska rast, les, listavci, trepetlika, navadna bukev, dob, navadna breza, klorofil, udc:630*18:630*8, Ecosystem, Beech, pedunculate oak, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, xylem formation, Pioneer species, kambij, silver birch, sink limitation, Global change, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, listavci, Plant Leaves, radial growth, Agronomy, Spain, common aspen, foliar senescence, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, autumn phenology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Cessation of xylem formation or wood growth (CWG) and onset of foliar senescence (OFS) are key autumn phenological events in temperate deciduous trees. Their timing is fundamental for the development and survival of trees, ecosystem nutrient cycling and the seasonal exchange of matter and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere, and affects the impact and feedback of forests to global change. A large-scale experimental effort and improved observational methods have allowed us to compare the timing of CWG and OFS for different deciduous tree species in Western Europe, particularly in silver birch, a pioneer species, and European beech, a late-succession species, at stands of different latitudes, of different levels of site fertility, for 2 years with contrasting meteorological and drought conditions, i.e., the low moderately dry 2017 and the extremely dry 2018. Specifically, we tested whether foliar senescence started before, after or concurrently with CWG. Onset of foliar senescence and CWG occurred generally between late September and early November, with larger differences across species and sites for OFS. Foliar senescence started concurrently with CWG in most cases, except for the drier 2018 and, for beech, at the coldest site, where OFS occurred significantly later than CWG. The behavior of beech in Spain, the southern edge of its European distribution, was unclear, with no CWG, but very low wood growth at the time of OFS. Our study suggests that OFS is generally triggered by the same drivers of CWG or when wood growth decreases in late summer, indicating an overarching mechanism of sink limitation as a possible regulator of the timing of foliar senescence.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Quality Assessment of PROBA-V LAI, fAPAR and fCOVER Collection 300 m Products of Copernicus Global Land Service

Author: Marie Weiss, Frédéric Baret, Roselyne Lacaze, Vicente García-Santos, Fernando Camacho, Aleixandre Verger, Beatriz Ginés Fuster, Bruno Smets, Jorge Sánchez-Zapero, Universitat de València (UV), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), HYGEOS (SARL), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), and Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)
Subjects: Calibration and validation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, copernicus global land service, Science, PROBA-V, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, Vegetation cover, Validation, Leaf area index, Copernicus Global Land Service, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, 2. Zero hunger, validation, leaf area index, Quality assessment, Fraction of vegetation cover, fraction of vegetation cover, Spectroradiometer, proba-v, Photosynthetically active radiation, Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite, Global time
Abstract: Altres ajuts: this research was funded by European Commission/Joint Research Centre under the Framework Service Contract N◦199494 of the Copernicus Global Land Service. The Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS) provides global time series of leaf area index (LAI), fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) and fraction of vegetation cover (fCOVER) data at a resolution of 300 m and a frequency of 10 days. We performed a quality assessment and validation of Version 1 Collection 300 m products that were consistent with the guidelines of the Land Product Validation (LPV) subgroup of the Committee on Earth Observation System (CEOS) Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV). The spatiotemporal patterns of Collection 300 m V1 LAI, fAPAR and fCOVER products are consistent with CGLS Collection 1 km V1, Collection 1 km V2 and Moderate Resolution Imagery Spectroradiometer Collection 6 (MODIS C6) products. The Collection 300 m V1 products have good precision and smooth temporal profiles, and the interannual variations are consistent with similar satellite products. The accuracy assessment using ground measurements mainly over crops shows an overall root mean square deviation of 1.01 (44.3%) for LAI, 0.12 (22.2%) for fAPAR and 0.21 (42.6%) for fCOVER, with positive mean biases of 0.36 (15.5%), 0.05 (10.3%) and 0.16 (32.2%), respectively. The products meet the CGLS user accuracy requirements in 69.1%, 62.5% and 29.7% of the cases for LAI, fAPAR and fCOVER, respectively. The CGLS will continue the production of Collection 300 m V1 LAI, fAPAR and fCOVER beyond the end of the PROBA-V mission by using Sentinel-3 OLCI as input data.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Ecosystem transpiration and evaporation: insights from three water flux partitioning methods across FLUXNET sites

Author: T. Andrew Black, Kathrin Fuchs, Beniamino Gioli, Rafael Poyatos, Ankur R. Desai, Ulrich Weber, Georg Wohlfahrt, Ladislav Šigut, Sebastian Wolf, Damien Bonal, Jean-Marc Limousin, Simon Besnard, Eugénie Paul-Limoges, Mana Gharun, Jacob A. Nelson, Sha Zhou, Markus Reichstein, Daniel Berveiller, Teresa E. Gimeno, Vincenzo Magliulo, Nicolas Delpierre, Nuno Carvalhais, Ivan Mammarella, Peter D. Blanken, Martin Jung, Oscar Perez-Priego, Leonardo Montagnani, Yao Zhang, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Alexander Knohl, Damiano Gianelle, Andrej Varlagin, Russell L. Scott, Mirco Migliavacca, Lukas Siebicke, Lukas Hörtnagl, Department of Biogeochemical Integration [Jena], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), FWF, Austrian National Science Fund, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Swiss National Science Foundation, ChinaFlux, INAR Physics, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, Macquarie University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), University of Colorado [Colorado Springs] (UCCS), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Institute for BioEconomy [Sesto Fiorentino] (IBE | CNR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia [RUDN University] (RUDN), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of British Columbia (UBC), Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (ISAFOM), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), University of Zurich, and Nelson, Jacob A
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Vapour Pressure Deficit, Rain, FLUXNET, Eddy covariance, evapotranspiration, 2306 Global and Planetary Change, Atmospheric sciences, Poaceae, 01 natural sciences, 114 Physical sciences, ecohydrology, transpiration, evaporation, 2300 General Environmental Science, Soil, FluxNet, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Evapotranspiration, Ecohydrology, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, ddc:550, eddy covariance, Environmental Chemistry, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, 910 Geography & travel, Leaf area index, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Transpiration, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Water, Plant Transpiration, 15. Life on land, Earth sciences, 10122 Institute of Geography, 13. Climate action, 2304 Environmental Chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Spatial variability, 2303 Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: We apply and compare three widely applicable methods for estimating ecosystem transpiration (T) from eddy covariance (EC) data across 251 FLUXNET sites globally. All three methods are based on the coupled water and carbon relationship, but they differ in assumptions and parameterizations. Intercomparison of the three daily T estimates shows high correlation among methods (R between .89 and .94), but a spread in magnitudes of T/ET (evapotranspiration) from 45% to 77%. When compared at six sites with concurrent EC and sap flow measurements, all three EC‐based T estimates show higher correlation to sap flow‐based T than EC‐based ET. The partitioning methods show expected tendencies of T/ET increasing with dryness (vapor pressure deficit and days since rain) and with leaf area index (LAI). Analysis of 140 sites with high‐quality estimates for at least two continuous years shows that T/ET variability was 1.6 times higher across sites than across years. Spatial variability of T/ET was primarily driven by vegetation and soil characteristics (e.g., crop or grass designation, minimum annual LAI, soil coarse fragment volume) rather than climatic variables such as mean/standard deviation of temperature or precipitation. Overall, T and T/ET patterns are plausible and qualitatively consistent among the different water flux partitioning methods implying a significant advance made for estimating and understanding T globally, while the magnitudes remain uncertain. Our results represent the first extensive EC data‐based estimates of ecosystem T permitting a data‐driven perspective on the role of plants’ water use for global water and carbon cycling in a changing climate. We acknowledge insightful discussions with Dario Papale and apologize for having a cappuccino after lunch. We further acknowledge Ulrich Weber for preparing the cappuccino. M.G. acknowledges funding by Swiss National Science Foundation project ICOS‐CH Phase 2 20FI20_173691. L.Š. was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the CzeCOS program, grant number LM2015061, and by SustES‐Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797). G.W. acknowledges support by the Austrian National Science Fund (FWF, project I03859) and the Province of South Tyrol (“Cycling of carbon and water in mountain ecosystems under changing climate and land use”). R.P. was supported by grants CGL2014‐55883‐JIN, RTI2018‐095297‐J‐I00 (Spain), and by a Humboldt Research Fellowship for Experienced Researchers (Germany). This work used eddy covariance data acquired and shared by the FLUXNET community, including these networks: Ameri‐Flux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet‐Canada, GreenGrass, ICOS, KoFlux, LBA, NECC, OzFlux‐TERN, TCOS‐Siberia, and USCCC. The ERA‐Interim reanalysis data are provided by ECMWF and processed by LSCE. The FLUXNET eddy covariance data processing and harmonization was carried out by the European Fluxes Database Cluster, AmeriFlux Management Project, and Fluxdata project of FLUXNET, with the support of CDIAC and ICOS Ecosystem Thematic Center, and the OzFlux, ChinaFlux, and AsiaFlux offices. Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. How do social status and tree architecture influence radial growth, wood density and drought response in spontaneously established oak forests?

Author: Arndt Hampe, Raquel Alfaro-Sánchez, Didier Bert, Elena Valdés-Correcher, Josep Maria Espelta, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Single, Quercus robur L, Single- and multi-stemmed trees, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forest management, Climate change, Pointer years, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Basal area, Quercus robur, Coppicing, Sampling design, Forest expansion, and multi-stemmed trees, Ecology, biology, Sampling (statistics), Forestry, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Geography, 13. Climate action, Wood density, Dominant trees, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; AbstractKey messageDuring the past decades, a multitude of oak stands have spontaneously established across the pine-dominated landscapes of the French Landes de Gascogne. Yet their future performance under modern climate change is unknown. We show that coppiced, dominant trees are most prepared to cope with drought episodes, displaying higher basal area increment and lower sensitivity to extreme events.ContextForest stands dominated by pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) have spontaneously established across the pine-dominated landscapes of the French Landes de Gascogne. These oak stands are typically unmanaged and unsystematically coppiced, resulting in mixtures of single- and multi-stemmed (coppiced) trees.AimsTo determine the ability of spontaneous oak forest stands to face climate change–related hazards, by analysing differences in growth (tree-ring width and basal area increment—BAI), wood density and climate sensitivity depending on their tree architecture (single- vs multi-stemmed trees) and their social status in the forest.MethodsWe exhaustively cored 15 oak stands (n = 657 trees). We compared stand characteristics and climate sensitivity between tree architectures considering two sampling designs, either all sampled trees (the exhaustive sampling) or those with a dominant status (dominant sampling). At the tree level, we used linear mixed effects models to compare wood density and growth between tree architectures and the trees’ social status within the canopy layer (dominant- vs non-dominant trees).ResultsMulti-stemmed trees exhibited higher wood density than single-stemmed trees for diameters > 30 cm. Dominant multi-stemmed trees showed lower sensitivity to extreme events (pointer years), higher BAI but lower annual growth rates than dominant single-stemmed trees.ConclusionDominant multi-stemmed trees are potentially the most prepared ones to cope with increasing soil water deficit following drought episodes, at least during the first 60 years of the life of the tree. The vulnerability to face harsher climate conditions for Q. robur stands can be misled when using a dominant sampling design.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space

Author: Ramiro de Campos, Julia Ramos Miranda, Sandrine Pavoine, Sylvain Dolédec, Joshua Adam Drew, David Mouillot, Elizabeth C. Lowe, Robin J. Pakeman, Willem Renema, Heloise Gibb, Nicole J. de Voogd, Sen-Her Shieh, Triin Reitalu, Stéphane Chantepie, Jan Żarnowiec, Guillaume Fried, Roel van Klink, Núria Bonada, Sébastien Villéger, Daniel F. R. Cleary, Anthony Eallonardo, Damian Chmura, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, William K. Cornwell, Monika Staniaszek-Kik, Christoph F. J. Meyer, Martin J. Westgate, Valérie Raevel, Cédric Frenette-Dussault, Frank Dziock, Cajo J. F. ter Braak, Alienor Jeliazkov, Nadia Barsoum, Adrià López-Baucells, Philippe Choler, Darko Mijatovic, Anik Brind'Amour, Michal Stanko, Helena Castro, Mark C. Urban, Belinda Gallardo, Maxim Zolotarev, Francesco Pomati, Alessandro Ossola, Andrés Mellado-Díaz, Luc Barbaro, Raphaël Arlettaz, R.M.A. Wegman, Thiago Gonçalves-Souza, Melanie J. Edgar, Alena Bartonova, Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro, Nigel R. Andrew, Burak K. Pekin, Myles H. M. Menz, Karen M. Chong-Seng, Joan Pino, Jonathan M. Chase, Elena Belskaya, Jean-Yves Humbert, Ignacio Ribera, Oliver Purschke, Koenraad Martens, Arnaud Pocheville, Jonas O. Wolff, Boris R. Krasnov, Peter Poschlod, Ricardo Rocha, Peter Meffert, Domingo Flores Hernandez, Rebecca Spake, A. Cormont, Janet Higuti, Rodrigo Assis de Carvalho, Eric Le Saux, Natalie Robinson, Zoë Lindo, Fábio Z. Farneda, Honor C. Prentice, Bryndís Marteinsdóttir, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, German Research Foundation, Fédération Île de France de Recherche en Environnement, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Swiss National Science Foundation, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Alice Holt Research Station, Forest Research [Great Britain], University of South Bohemia, Grup de Recerca 'Freshwater Biology and Management' (FEM), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Forest Research, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Nantes (IFREMER Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Applied and Restoration Ecology Group, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, Department of Ecology, State University of Maringá, Ramon Science Center and Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Sydney, Universität Regensburg (REGENSBURG), Universität Regensburg, Lund University [Lund], German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona], Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Université de Montpellier (UM), Peace Research Institute Frankfurt (PRIF), Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), University of New England (UNE), Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Bern, Switzerland], University of Bern, Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre for Ecosystems, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat - Biodiversity Research Institute [Barcelona, Spain] (IRBio UB), Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona, Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (IFREMER EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), University of Bielsko-Biala, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoralCoE), James Cook University (JCU), Centro de Estudos do Ambiante e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Wageningen Environmental Research, Evolution and Ecology Research Centre [UNSW Sydney], School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Sydney] (BEES), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW)-University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Laboratorio de Ictiología, Instituto Nacional de Limnología [Santa Fe] (INALI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Litoral [Santa Fe] (UNL)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Litoral [Santa Fe] (UNL), Universidade Estadual de Maringà (UEM), Institute of Environmental Sciences [Leiden] (CML), Leiden University, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), State University of New York (SUNY), Dresden University of Applied Sciences, OBG, Part of Ramboll, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Institut de Recherches en Biologie Végétale [Montréal] (IRBV), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Unité entomologie et plantes invasives, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), La Trobe University [Melbourne], Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR), Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Granollers, Macquarie University [Sydney], The soil conservation service of Iceland (SCSI), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Imprint, Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología. Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Murcia. 30100 Murcia. Spain, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Salford, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), The James Hutton Institute, Istanbul Technical University (ITÜ), Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü = Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences [Istanbul] (AYBE), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), University of Regensburg, Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), CEXS-UPF-PRBB, National ecological observatory network, University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Boulder], University of Southampton, Providence University, School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Lódź, Institute of Parasitology [České Budějovice] (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Zoology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centro de Biologia Aquática, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Biometris, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University (ANU), This work was funded by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (funded by the German Research Foundation, DFG FZT 118). We thank Jitendra Gaikwad for his precious help with the technical aspects of the database storage and management through the iDiv Biodiversity Portal (https://idata.idiv.de/, https://doi.org/10.25829/idiv.286-21-2695) and the iDiv IT Support for their help in the CESTES website development (https://icestes.github.io/).The datasets provided by A. Jeliazkov were collected with financial support from the Federation d'Ile-de-France pour la Recherche en Environnement (FIRE FR-3020). The dataset provided by R. Carvalho and F.L. Tejerina-Garro had financial support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq No. 471283/2006-1) granted to FLTG. The datasets provided by R. van Klink, J.-Y. Humbert, R. Arlettaz and M.H. M. Menz were collected with financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 31003A_125398/2 and 31003A_149656) awarded to RA., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre for Functional ecology, Universiteit Leiden, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Unité entomologie et plantes invasives (LSV Montpellier), Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux (LSV), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversity, DIVERSITY, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, VARIABLES, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Biodiversiteit en Beleid, Taxonomic rank, PLANT FUNCTIONAL TRAITS, lcsh:Science, Macroecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Database, Ecology, Statistics, Community structure, Plants, PE&RC, Biota, Computer Science Applications, Geography, Biometris, Trait, LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, Information Systems, Metacommunity, Statistics and Probability, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, Life on Land, Ecology (disciplines), BIOLOGICAL TRAITS, MODELS, Library and Information Sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, Biodiversity and Policy, Life history theory, Education, Database management, ddc:570, Animals, Life Science, Community ecology, Author Correction, Gestió de bases de dades, SPERMONDE-ARCHIPELAGO, Community, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Biodiversitat, Research data, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dades de recerca, lcsh:Q, Probability and Uncertainty, BIODIVERSITY, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer, RESPONSES
Abstract: The use of functional information in the form of species traits plays an important role in explaining biodiversity patterns and responses to environmental changes. Although relationships between species composition, their traits, and the environment have been extensively studied on a case-by-case basis, results are variable, and it remains unclear how generalizable these relationships are across ecosystems, taxa and spatial scales. To address this gap, we collated 80 datasets from trait-based studies into a global database for metaCommunity Ecology: Species, Traits, Environment and Space; “CESTES”. Each dataset includes four matrices: species community abundances or presences/absences across multiple sites, species trait information, environmental variables and spatial coordinates of the sampling sites. The CESTES database is a live database: it will be maintained and expanded in the future as new datasets become available. By its harmonized structure, and the diversity of ecosystem types, taxonomic groups, and spatial scales it covers, the CESTES database provides an important opportunity for synthetic trait-based research in community ecology., This work was funded by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (funded by the German Research Foundation; DFG FZT 118). We thank Jitendra Gaikwad for his precious help with the technical aspects of the database storage and management through the iDiv Biodiversity Portal (https://idata.idiv.de/, https://doi.org/10.25829/idiv.286-21-2695) and the iDiv IT Support for their help in the CESTES website development (https://icestes.github.io/). The datasets provided by A. Jeliazkov were collected with financial support from the Fédération d’Ile-de-France pour la Recherche en Environnement (FIRE FR-3020). The dataset provided by R. Carvalho and F.L. Tejerina-Garro had financial support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq No. 471283/2006-1) granted to FLTG. The datasets provided by R. van Klink, J.-Y. Humbert, R. Arlettaz and M.H.M. Menz were collected with financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 31003A_125398/2 and 31003A_149656) awarded to RA.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Establishment of second-growth forests in human landscapes: ecological mechanisms and genetic consequences

Author: Arndt Hampe, Raquel Alfaro-Sánchez, Irene Martín-Forés, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (España), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Wilfrid Laurier University (WLU), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), University of Adelaide, and ANR-16-EBI3-0011,SPONFOREST,Unraveling the potential of SPONtaneous FORest ESTablishment for improving ecosystem functions and services in dynamic landscapes(2016)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Process (engineering), business.industry, Forest management, Environmental resource management, Forestry, Passive restauration, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Rural abandonment, Broad spectrum, Spontaneous forest regeneration, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Secondary forest, Ecosystem, European Green Deal, Landscape defragmentation, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Key message This special issue gathers articles arising from the ERA-NET BiodivERsA3 research project “Unraveling the Potential of Spontaneous Forest Establishment for Improving Ecosystem Functions and Services in Dynamic Landscapes (SPONFOREST)”. Using a broad spectrum of research approaches, they provide detailed insights into how new forest stands establish and which consequences the establishment process has for their character and functioning., Supported by the project SPONFOREST (codes: BiodivERsA3-2015-58, ANR-16-EBI3-0011, APCIN_2016_0174)
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Soil properties explain tree growth and mortality, but not biomass, across phosphorus-depleted tropical forests

Author: Jérôme Chave, Oriol Grau, Bruno Hérault, Josep Peñuelas, Leandro Van Langenhove, Erik Verbruggen, Olga Margalef, Ivan A. Janssens, Vincent Freycon, Jennifer L. Soong, Bruno Ferry, Ifigenia Urbina, Clément Stahl, Aurélie Dourdain, Jordi Sardans, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), University of Antwerp (UA), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Medicine, forêt tropicale, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Soil, Nutrient, Mycorrhizae, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Biomass, lcsh:Science, Soil Microbiology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, Climate-change ecology, Soil chemistry, Phosphorus, Carbon cycle, Biogeochemistry, Other Physical Sciences, Selves pluvials, Rain forests, Engineering sciences. Technology, Rainforest, Soil texture, chemistry.chemical_element, complex mixtures, Article, Phosphorus metabolism, Cycle biogéochimique, Ecosystem, Propriété physicochimique du sol, Biology, Phytopathogenic fungi, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, lcsh:R, P34 - Biologie du sol, Nutrients, 15. Life on land, Carbon, Fongs fitopatògens, Agronomy, chemistry, Soil water, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cycle du carbone, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: We observed strong positive relationships between soil properties and forest dynamics of growth and mortality across twelve primary lowland tropical forests in a phosphorus-poor region of the Guiana Shield. Average tree growth (diameter at breast height) increased from 0.81 to 2.1 mm yr−1 along a soil texture gradient from 0 to 67% clay, and increasing metal-oxide content. Soil organic carbon stocks in the top 30 cm ranged from 30 to 118 tons C ha−1, phosphorus content ranged from 7 to 600 mg kg−1 soil, and the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ranged from 0 to 50%, all positively correlating with soil clay, and iron and aluminum oxide and hydroxide content. In contrast, already low extractable phosphorus (Bray P) content decreased from 4.4 to −1 in soil with increasing clay content. A greater prevalence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in more clayey forests that had higher tree growth and mortality, but not biomass, indicates that despite the greater investment in nutrient uptake required, soils with higher clay content may actually serve to sustain high tree growth in tropical forests by avoiding phosphorus losses from the ecosystem. Our study demonstrates how variation in soil properties that retain carbon and nutrients can help to explain variation in tropical forest growth and mortality, but not biomass, by requiring niche specialization and contributing to biogeochemical diversification across this region.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Recent global decline of CO$_2$ fertilization effects on vegetation photosynthesis

Author: Wenping Yuan, Dan Zhu, Wei He, Ivan A. Janssens, Mousong Wu, Benjamin Poulter, Jing M. Chen, Yongguang Zhang, Marcos Fernández-Martínez, Jordi Sardans, Josep Peñuelas, Ramdane Alkama, Hanqin Tian, Alessandro Cescatti, Elliott Campbell, Atul K. Jain, Joseph A. Berry, Markus Kautz, Etsushi Kato, Ning Zeng, Nicolas Vuichard, Philippe Ciais, Stephen Sitch, Rong Wang, Daniel S. Goll, William K. Smith, Pierre Friedlingstein, Vanessa Haverd, Sebastian Lienert, Songhan Wang, A. Wiltshire, Weimin Ju, Tanja G. M. Sanders, Danica Lombardozzi, Inken Krüger, Nanjing University (NJU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, University of Antwerp (UA), Department of Global Ecology [Carnegie] (DGE), Carnegie Institution for Science, University of California (UC), College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] (EMPS), University of Arizona, School of Atmospheric Sciences [Nanjing], National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg - Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering [Shanghai], Fudan University [Shanghai], Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science [College Park] (AOSC), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Forest Economics and Policy, School of Forestry and Wildlife Science, Auburn University (AU), University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, CSIRO Marine and Atmosphere Research [Hobart], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Augsburg (UNIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], University of California, Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], and University of Augsburg [Augsburg]
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Global warming, Carbon sink, Forcing (mathematics), Vegetation, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, Productivity (ecology), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Carbon dioxide, Environmental science, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A decline in the carbon fertilization effect One source of uncertainty in climate science is how the carbon fertilization effect (CFE) will contribute to mitigation of anthropogenic climate change. Wang et al. explored the temporal dynamics of CFE on vegetation photosynthesis at the global scale. There has been a decline over recent decades in the contribution of CFE to vegetation photosynthesis, perhaps owing to the limiting effects of plant nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. This declining trend has not been adequately accounted for in carbon cycle models. CFE thus has limitations for long-term mitigation of climate change, and future warming might currently be underestimated. Science , this issue p. 1295
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. The shift of phosphorus transfers in global fisheries and aquaculture

Author: Daniel S. Goll, Haicheng Zhang, Fabio Cresto‐aleina, Jordi Sardans, Josep Peñuelas, P. Ciais, Yuanyuan Huang, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Geography, University of Augsburg, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, Databases, Factual, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, Fish farming, Fisheries, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Fresh Water, 010501 environmental sciences, History, 21st Century, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Aquaculture, Element cycles, Animals, Humans, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ddc:910, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, business.industry, Aquatic ecosystem, Phosphorus, Water pollutants, Fishes, General Chemistry, History, 20th Century, Biogeochemistry, Fishery, Environmental sciences, Seafood, chemistry, Environmental science, %22">Fish , lcsh:Q, business, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: Global fish production (capture and aquaculture) has increased quickly, which has altered global flows of phosphorus (P). Here we show that in 2016, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$2.04_{1.59}^{3.09}$$\end{document}2.041.593.09 Tg P yr−1 (mean and interquartile range) was applied in aquaculture to increase fish production; while \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.10_{1.04}^{1.14}$$\end{document}1.101.041.14 Tg P yr−1 was removed from aquatic systems by fish harvesting. Between 1950 and 1986, P from fish production went from aquatic towards the land-human systems. This landward P peaked at 0.54 Tg P yr−1, representing a large but overlooked P flux that might benefit land activities under P scarcity. After 1986, the landward P flux decreased significantly, and became negative around 2004, meaning that humans spend more P to produce fish than harvest P in fish capture. An idealized pathway to return to the balanced anthropogenic P flow would require the mean phosphorus use efficiency (the ratio of harvested to input P) of aquaculture to be increased from a current value of 20% to at least 48% by 2050 — a big challenge., Despite growing aquaculture production and environmental concerns on phosphorus (P) enrichment, the P budgets of fisheries have been largely overlooked. Here, Huang et al. calculate global fishery P budgets and estimate P use efficiency for a wide range of aquaculture systems.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Quantifying the roles of seed dispersal, filtering, and climate on regional patterns of grassland biodiversity

Author: Kari Klanderud, Deborah E. Goldberg, Vigdis Vandvik, John Guittar, Marta Ramírez Boixaderas, Astrid Berge, Eric Meineri, Joachim Töpper, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, and University of Bergen (UiB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Seed dispersal, Biodiversity, Climate change, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Seed Dispersal, species sorting, range expansion, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecological niche, Norway, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Alpine grasslands, Plant community, Species sorting, dispersal dynamics, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Grassland, climate change, seedling survival, Seeds, community assembly, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, metacommunities, Global biodiversity
Abstract: International audience; Seed dispersal and local filtering interactively govern community membership and scale up to shape regional vegetation patterns, but data revealing how and why particular species are excluded from specific communities in nature are scarce. This lack of data is a missing link between our theoretical understanding of how diversity patterns can form and how they actually form in nature, and it hampers our ability to predict community responses to climate change. Here, we compare seed, seedling, and adult plant communities at 12 grassland sites with different climates in southern Norway to examine how community membership is interactively shaped by seed dispersal and local filtering, and how this process varies with climate across sites. To do this, we divide species at each site into two groups: locally transient species, which occur as seeds but are rare or absent as adults (i.e., they arrive but are filtered out), and locally persistent species, which occur consistently as adults in annual vegetation surveys. We then ask how and why locally transient species are disfavored during community assembly. Our results led to four main conclusions: (1) the total numbers of seeds and species that arrived, but failed to establish locally persistent populations, rose with temperature, indicating an increase in the realized effects of local filtering on community assembly, as well as an increase in the number of species poised to rapidly colonize those warmer sites if local conditions change in their favor, (2) locally transient species were selectively filtered out during seedling emergence, but not during seedling establishment, (3) selective filtering was partly driven by species climate preferences, exemplified by the poor performance of seeds dispersing outside of their realized climate niches into colder and drier foreign climates, and (4) locally transient species had traits that likely made them better dispersers (i.e., smaller seeds) but poorer competitors for light (i.e., shorter statures and less persistent clonal connections) than locally persistent species, potentially explaining why these species arrived to new sites but did not establish locally persistent adult populations. Our study is the first to combine seed, seedling, and adult survey data across sites to rigorously characterize how seed dispersal and local filtering govern community membership and shape climate‐associated vegetation patterns
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Changes in nutrient concentrations of leaves and roots in response to global change factors

Author: Oriol Grau, Han Y. H. Chen, Philippe Ciais, Jordi Sardans, Ivan A. Janssens, Shilong Piao, Josep Peñuelas, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Faculty of Natural Resources Management [Thunder Bay], Lakehead University, University of Antwerp (UA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Urban and Environmental Sciences [Beijing], Peking University [Beijing], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, Food Chain, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, Biology, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Mineralization (biology), N deposition, Soil, Nutrient, P [N], [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Ecological stoichiometry, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Drought, Ecology, Phosphorus, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, Tundra, Plant Leaves, Chemistry, Horticulture, Agronomy, chemistry, CO 2, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, sense organs
Abstract: International audience; Global change impacts on biogeochemical cycles have been widely studied, but our understanding of whether the responses of plant elemental composition to global change drivers differ between above- and belowground plant organs remains incomplete. We conducted a meta-analysis of 201 reports including 1,687 observations of studies that have analyzed simultaneously N and P concentrations changes in leaves and roots in the same plants in response to drought, elevated [CO2], and N and P fertilization around the world, and contrasted the results within those obtained with a general database (838 reports and 14,772 observations) that analyzed the changes in N and P concentrations in leaves and/or roots of plants submitted to the commented global change drivers. At global level, elevated [CO2] decreased N concentrations in leaves and roots and decreased N:P ratio in roots but no in leaves, but was not related to P concentration changes. However, the response differed among vegetation types. In temperate forests, elevated [CO2] was related with lower N concentrations in leaves but not in roots, whereas in crops, the contrary patterns were observed. Elevated [CO2] decreased N concentrations in leaves and roots in tundra plants, whereas not clear relationships were observed in temperate grasslands. However, when elevated [CO2] and N fertilization coincided, leaves had lower N concentrations, whereas root had higher N concentrations suggesting that more nutrients will be allocated to roots to improve uptake of the soil resources not directly provided by the global change drivers. N fertilization and drought increased foliar and root N concentrations while the effects on P concentrations were less clear. The changes in N and P allocation to leaves and root, especially those occurring in opposite direction between them have the capacity to differentially affect above- and belowground ecosystem functions, such as litter mineralization and above- and belowground food webs
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Including Stable Carbon Isotopes to Evaluate the Dynamics of Soil Carbon in the Land‐Surface Model ORCHIDEE

Author: Bertrand Guenet, Josep Peñuelas, Marta Camino-Serrano, Jérôme Balesdent, Sophie Cornu, Christine Hatté, Marwa Tifafi, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-14-CE01-0004 DeDyCAS, ANR-10 Blanc 605-AGRIPED], European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC) [ERC- 2013-SyG-610028 IMBALANCE-P], European Project: 641816,H2020,H2020-SC5-2014-two-stage,CRESCENDO(2015), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB)
Subjects: Informatics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, land surface model, Carbon Cycling, Atmospheric sciences, Biogeosciences, 01 natural sciences, Soils/Pedology, Biogeochemical Kinetics and Reaction Modeling, Oceanography: Biological and Chemical, lcsh:GC1-1581, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Research Articles, Stable isotopes, Global and Planetary Change, δ13C, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Biogeochemistry, Physical Modeling, Isotopes of carbon, Atmospheric Processes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Land surface model, Cryosphere, Biogeochemical Cycles, Processes, and Modeling, Research Article, stable isotopes, Land cover, Carbon cycle, Suess effect, lcsh:Oceanography, Land/Atmosphere Interactions, Paleoceanography, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, Geodesy and Gravity, Global Change, lcsh:Physical geography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Soil organic carbon, Soil organic matter, Modeling, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, soil organic carbon, Mass Balance, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Soils, Hydrology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, lcsh:GB3-5030, Natural Hazards
Abstract: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial component of the terrestrial carbon cycle and its turnover time in models is a key source of uncertainty. Studies have highlighted the utility of δ13C measurements for benchmarking SOC turnover in global models. We used 13C as a tracer within a vertically discretized soil module of a land‐surface model, Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems‐ Soil Organic Matter (ORCHIDEE‐SOM). Our new module represents some of the processes that have been hypothesized to lead to a 13C enrichment with soil depth as follows: 1) the Suess effect and CO2 fertilization, 2) the relative 13C enrichment of roots compared to leaves, and 3) 13C discrimination associated with microbial activity. We tested if the upgraded soil module was able to reproduce the vertical profile of δ13C within the soil column at two temperate sites and the short‐term change in the isotopic signal of soil after a shift in C3/C4 vegetation. We ran the model over Europe to test its performance at larger scale. The model was able to simulate a shift in the isotopic signal due to short‐term changes in vegetation cover from C3 to C4; however, it was not able to reproduce the overall vertical profile in soil δ13C, which arises as a combination of short and long‐term processes. At the European scale, the model ably reproduced soil CO2 fluxes and total SOC stock. These findings stress the importance of the long‐term history of land cover for simulating vertical profiles of δ13C. This new soil module is an emerging tool for the diagnosis and improvement of global SOC models., Key Points Soil 13C was incorporated as a tracer in the land surface model ORCHIDEE‐SOMThe model was able to reproduce short‐term changes such as those observed after a shift in C3/C4 vegetationLong‐term changes in δ13C were more difficult to represent, highlighting the importance of some missing mechanisms
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. The worldwide impact of urbanisation on avian functional diversity

Author: Cesc Múrria, Sandrine Pavoine, Alex L. Pigot, Carlo Ricotta, Christopher H. Trisos, Alienor Jeliazkov, Daniel Sol, Cesar González-Lagos, Christopher M. Swan, Joe Tobias, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), University College of London [London] (UCL), Dpt of Environmental Biology [Rome], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System, Imperial College London, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, animals, biodiversity, birds, cities, ecosystem, urbanization, Biodiversity, Introduced species, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, SERVICE, Ecosystem services, Birds, PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY, 0603 Evolutionary Biology, Abundance (ecology), Animals, Ecosystem, Cities, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Science & Technology, Ecology, LAND-USE, 0602 Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Urbanization, 15. Life on land, RESILIENCE, FRAMEWORK, Phylogenetic diversity, 0501 Ecological Applications, Geography, EXTINCTION, BIODIVERSITY LOSS, PATTERNS, Species evenness, ABUNDANCE, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract: Urbanisation is driving rapid declines in species richness and abundance worldwide, but the general implications for ecosystem function and services remain poorly understood. Here, we integrate global data on bird communities with comprehensive information on traits associated with ecological processes to show that assemblages in highly urbanised environments have substantially different functional composition and 20% less functional diversity on average than surrounding natural habitats. These changes occur without significant decreases in functional dissimilarity between species; instead, they are caused by a decrease in species richness and abundance evenness, leading to declines in functional redundancy. The reconfiguration and decline of native functional diversity in cities are not compensated by the presence of exotic species but are less severe under moderate levels of urbanisation. Thus, urbanisation has substantial negative impacts on functional diversity, potentially resulting in impaired provision of ecosystem services, but these impacts can be reduced by less intensive urbanisation practices.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Re-analysis of archaeobotanical remains from pre- and early agricultural sites provides no evidence for a narrowing of the wild plant food spectrum during the origins of agriculture in southwest Asia

Author: Catherine Preece, Michael Wallace, Glynis Jones, E.C. Stillman, Vincent Bonhomme, Mark Rees, Alexandra Livarda, Georg Frenck, Michael Charles, Colin P. Osborne, Emily Forster, Department of Archaeology [Sheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], University of Oxford [Oxford], School of Mathematics and Statistics [Sheffield] (SoMaS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Department of Animal and Plant Sciences [Sheffield], Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, University of Oxford, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Climate change, Plant Science, Plant foods, Paleobotànica -- Àsia, 01 natural sciences, Broad spectrum, 90 - Arqueologia. Prehistòria, Paleoethnobotany, 0601 history and archaeology, Neolithic, Domestication, Wild plants, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pre-Pottery Neolithic, 2. Zero hunger, Restes de plantes (Arqueologia) -- Àsia, 060102 archaeology, business.industry, Agroforestry, fungi, Wild plant foods, Paleontology, food and beverages, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, Taxon, Geography, Agriculture, Original Article, Archaeobotany, Àsia -- Arqueologia, business
Abstract: Archaeobotanical evidence from southwest Asia is often interpreted as showing that the spectrum of wild plant foods narrowed during the origins of agriculture, but it has long been acknowledged that the recognition of wild plants as foods is problematic. Here, we systematically combine compositional and contextual evidence to recognise the wild plants for which there is strong evidence of their deliberate collection as food at pre-agricultural and early agricultural sites across southwest Asia. Through sample-by-sample analysis of archaeobotanical remains, a robust link is established between the archaeological evidence and its interpretation in terms of food use, which permits a re-evaluation of the evidence for the exploitation of a broad spectrum of wild plant foods at pre-agricultural sites, and the extent to which this changed during the development of early agriculture. Our results show that relatively few of the wild taxa found at pre- and early agricultural sites can be confidently recognised as contributing to the human diet, and we found no evidence for a narrowing of the plant food spectrum during the adoption of agriculture. This has implications for how we understand the processes leading to the domestication of crops, and points towards a mutualistic relationship between people and plants as a driving force during the development of agriculture. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00334-018-0702-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. The bioelements, the elementome, and the biogeochemical niche

Author: Marcos Fernández-Martínez, Jordi Sardans, Shilong Piao, Philippe Ciais, Josep Peñuelas, Michael Obersteiner, Sara Vicca, David Jou, Ivan A. Janssens, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), University of Antwerp (UA), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sympatry, Biogeochemical cycle, Plasticity, Evolution, Ecological niche, Niche, Phylogenetic distance, phylogenetic distance, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bioelements, sympatry, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Elementome, evolution, bioelements, Ecosystem function and organization, Ecosystem, ecological niche, elementome, biogeochemical niche, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Organism, ecosystem function and organization, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 15. Life on land, Chemistry, Phenotype, Taxon, Biogeochemical niche, Habitat, 13. Climate action, plasticity
Abstract: International audience; Every living creature on Earth is made of atoms of the various bioelements that are harnessed in the construction of molecules, tissues, organisms, and communities, as we know them. Organisms need these bioelements in specific quantities and proportions to survive and grow. Distinct species have different functions and life strategies, and have therefore developed distinct structures and adopted a certain combination of metabolic and physiological processes. Each species is thus also expected to have different requirements for each bioelement. We therefore propose that a “biogeochemical niche” can be associated with the classical ecological niche of each species. We show from field data examples that a biogeochemical niche is characterized by a particular elementome defined as the content of all (or at least most) bioelements. The differences in elementome among species are a function of taxonomy and phylogenetic distance, sympatry (the bioelemental compositions should differ more among coexisting than among non-coexisting species to avoid competitive pressure), and homeostasis with a continuum between high homeostasis/low plasticity and low homeostasis/high plasticity. This proposed biogeochemical niche hypothesis has the advantage relative to other associated theoretical niche hypotheses that it can be easily characterized by actual quantification of a measurable trait: the elementome of a given organism or a community, being potentially applicable across taxa and habitats. The changes in bioelemental availability can determine genotypic selection and therefore have a feedback on ecosystem function and organization, and, at the end, become another driving factor of the evolution of life and the environment.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Global socioeconomic exposure of heat extremes under climate change

Author: Jie Chen, Tao Pan, Yanhua Liu, Yujie Liu, Philippe Ciais, Josep Peñuelas, Ting Ma, Quansheng Ge, Dai Yamazaki, Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)
Subjects: 020209 energy, Strategy and Management, Population, Distribution (economics), Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Gross domestic product, Global population, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Population exposure, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, education, Socioeconomics, Socioeconomic status, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0505 law, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, education.field_of_study, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, Representative Concentration Pathways, Building and Construction, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q54 - Climate • Natural Disasters and Their Management • Global Warming, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Socioeconomic exposure, Geography, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, 050501 criminology, Heat extremes, Gross domestic product (GDP) exposure, business
Abstract: International audience; Growing evidence indicates that the risk of heat extremes will increase as climate change progresses and create a significant threat to public health and the economy. Socioeconomic exposure is the key component for assessing the risk of such events. To quantify socioeconomic exposure to heat extremes for 2016–2035 and 2046–2065, we use the projections of five global climate models forced by using three representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and projections of population and gross domestic product (GDP), and we take into account the geographic change in the distribution in shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The exposure of the global population for 2046–2065 is the greatest under the RCP8.5-SSP3 scenario, up to 1037(±164) × 109 person-days, and the global GDP exposure for 2046–2065 is greatest under the RCP2.6-SSP1 scenario, up to 18(±2) × 1015 dollar-days. Asia has the highest exposure among all continents for both population and GDP, accounting for over half of the global exposure. Africa has the largest increase in exposure, with the annual population and GDP exposures increasing by over 9- and 29-fold, respectively, compared with the base period (1986–2005). The effect of climate makes the dominant contribution (47%–53%) globally for the change in population exposure. Changes in the geographic distribution of GDP cause nearly 50% of the total change in GDP exposure for 2016–2035. Mitigating emissions of greenhouse gases, either at the level of the RCP2.6 scenario or at a more ambitious target, is essential for reducing socioeconomic exposure to heat extremes. In addition, designing and implementing effective measures of adaptation are urgently needed in Asia and Africa to aid socioeconomic systems suffering from heat extremes due to climate change.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Challenges for drought assessment in the Mediterranean region under future climate scenarios

Author: Luis Samaniego, Pere Quintana-Seguí, Peter Greve, Florence Volaire, Aaron Boone, Clément Albergel, Delphine Renard, Lahoucine Hanich, Maria Carmen Llasat, Murat Türkeş, Maxime Cailleret, Jean-Luc Dupuy, David Pulido-Velazquez, Manolis Grillakis, Lionel Jarlan, Hendrik Davi, Florent Mouillot, Marco Turco, Nicolas Martin-StPaul, Selmin Burak, Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano, Yves Tramblay, Jan Polcher, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, Ricardo M. Trigo, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Ksenija Cindrić Kalin, Michel Le Page, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Mehrez Zribi, Alberto Vilagrosa, Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Crete [Chania], HELMHOLTZ CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH UFZ LEIPZIG DEU, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Barcelona, Istanbul University, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Universidad de Murcia, Boǧaziçi üniversitesi = Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy), Universitat d'Alacant, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), INSU-MISTRALS, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, CEAM (Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo), Gestión de Ecosistemas y de la Biodiversidad (GEB), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Murcia, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Riverly (Riverly), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Boğaziçi University [Istanbul]
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Meteorological, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, media_common.quotation_subject, Climate change, Context (language use), Mediterranean, Meteorologica, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Hydrological, Adaptation, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Agricultural productivity, Droughts Mediterranean Meteorological Agricultural Hydrological Climate change Vegetation Adaptation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Agricultural, Vegetation, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Ecología, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Droughts, Geography, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Psychological resilience, business, Water use
Abstract: Summarization: Droughts can have strong environmental and socio-economic impacts in the Mediterranean region, in particular for countries relying on rain-fed agricultural production, but also in areas in which irrigation plays an important role and in which natural vegetation has been modified or is subject to water stress. The purpose of this review is to provide an assessment of the complexity of the drought phenomenon in the Mediterranean region and present various perspectives on drought in the present and under future climate change scenarios. The projections of various model experiments on future climate change scenarios strongly agree on an increased frequency and severity of droughts in the Mediterranean basin. Nevertheless, given the complexity of the phenomenon, with different types of droughts and complex interrelated impacts, significant future uncertainties remain. For example, uncertainties are stronger for hydrological droughts than meteorological droughts due to human influences and water withdrawal. Significant drought impacts are expected in the future, in particular for developing countries in the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean basin. To improve the resilience and adaptive capacities of societies and environments faced with drought, we aim to provide an overview of the key issues in research on climate change impacts on droughts, with a specific focus on the Mediterranean region, in order to: i) redefine more meaningful drought metrics tailored to the Mediterranean context, ii) better take into account vegetation and its feedback on droughts, iii) improve the modelling and forecasting of drought events through remote sensing and land surface models, and iv) promote a more integrated vision of droughts taking into account both water availability and water use. This overview reflects the complexity of the problem and the need to combine scientific research with adaptation solutions to deal with drought in the future. Presented on
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

82 results on '"CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources