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This research study will examine the changes in online help seeking behavior among college undergraduate students as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on how that help-seeking behavior changed between before and after the COVID-19 lockdowns, as well as other factors that have been identified by research which may relate to how effective the individual’s attempt to seek help was. To gather data, a survey will be developed via Qualtrics, and sent to undergraduate students enrolled in psychology courses at Western Carolina University. This survey will include a demographic section, a section which designed to assess the participants familiarity with technology, and a section which will examine trends in the participants online help-seeking behaviors before and after the lockdowns. This research should help provide further insight into changes that took place as a result of the pandemic, specifically in how individuals had to adapt their behaviors to obtain help from others that previously was done in-person.

Amidst the global COVID-19 pandemic, strict lockdown measures were implemented worldwide to safeguard lives and limit widespread infections. Accordingly, distance learning methods were implemented at educational institutions. This paper critically examines the adaptation of distance learning methods for university students during this crisis, arguing that insufficient attention was given to mental health and mental and emotional well-being. The situation's urgency led to overlooking psychological factors that subsequently impacted students' learning outcomes and academic performance, especially when compared to traditional learning experiences. This paper focuses on architecture students at the University of Jordan, aiming to reveal to what extent the implementation of distance learning during the COVID-19 lockdown affected their mental health and psychological well-being, thus affecting their overall performance. Using a mixed-method approach, the paper included real-time class observation, reflection exercises conducted during the lockdown, and a survey distributed to architecture undergraduates. The survey aimed to increase our understanding of the intricate connections between mental health, psychological well-being, and the dynamics of online educational environments, thus providing insights for future online learning scenarios. The paper's findings exposed overlooked dimensions during the rapid transition to online learning. The emphasis on technical aspects such as infrastructure, devices, and software side-tracked the end-users importance and performance within the educational process. Concepts like 'toxic positivity,' intensified by increased social media usage during the lockdown, gained prominence. By examining the impact on architecture students in Jordan, this paper underscores key findings, identifies critical issues, and advocates for a more comprehensive approach to distance learning., Peer Reviewed

Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic has invaded health systems throughout the world. The study findings present many difficulties for healthcare practitioners. This study summarizes the studies that came out during the first year of the pandemic. Purpose: To determine the experience of the healthcare workers on the delivery of healthcare service during the COVID-19 pandemic in clinics sub-district A, city of Johannesburg municipality Gauteng province. Study method: A qualitative, phenomenological, descriptive, and contextual design was applied to explore and describe the experiences of healthcare workers on the delivery of healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic in clinics sub-district A, city of Johannesburg municipality Gauteng province. A purposive and convenient, the non-probability sampling method was used to select 24 healthcare workers, two doctors and 22 nurses. Data collection was completed with an unstructured interview that lasted between 25 and 40 minutes. Data were analyzed using Techs’ open coding method of qualitative data analysis. Results: The following themes emerged: Diverse experiences of the healthcare workers when delivering service during the COVID-19 pandemic, diverse experience regarding support systems when providing health services during the COVID-19 pandemic, challenges regarding the provision of care during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggestions on how to improve the service provision during COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has put a significant strain on healthcare systems around the world, including South Africa. COVID-19 pandemic demanded healthcare workers to be resilience when providing service delivery, according to interviews with healthcare workers in Johannesburg. The study's results will be presented to the Gauteng health department and nurses. The study has examined the necessary intervention and support of healthcare workers to improve patient care. It will also provide policymak

[eng] Introduction: Previous studies revealed that plasma PAI-1 level increases during SARS-CoV-2 infection and as a result, the probability of coagulation abnormalities during the course of infection increases. To our knowledge, there is no scientific investigation that evaluates the association between PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism and SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Methods: Total number of 408 individuals were included in the study (204 control and 204 patients). PAI-1 gene 4G/5G (rs1799889 A>G) polymorphism were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. The Ct values of COVID-19 patients were recorded to analyze the association with PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphism and viral load. Results: The PAI-1 4G/4G, 4G/5G, and 5G/5G genotype frequencies were, 24.5%, 40.2% and 35.3% in cases versus 1%, 2% and 97% in controls, respectively. The 4G allele has significant distribution between Delta variant cases and control, but not for the Omicron variant. The distribution of PAI-1 4G/5G + 4G/4G and 5G/5G genotype frequencies were, 79% and 21% in the Delta variant versus 51% and 49% in the Omicron variant, respectively. Carriers of the 4G allele had higher viral loads and lower Ct values as well. Conclusion: Ct values in the distribution of PAI-1 4G/5G + 4G/4G and 5G/5G genotype frequencies were, 21 and 25 in the Delta variant versus 26 and 28 in the Omicron variant., [spa] Introducción: Estudios previos revelaron que el nivel plasmático de PAI-1 aumenta durante la infección por SARS-CoV-2 y, como resultado, aumenta la probabilidad de anomalías de la coagulación durante el curso de la infección. Hasta donde sabemos, no existe ninguna investigación científica que evalúe la asociación entre el polimorfismo 4G/5G del PAI-1 y las variantes preocupantes del SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: Se incluyó en el estudio a un total de 408 individuos (204 controles y 204 pacientes). El polimorfismo 4G/5G (rs1799889 A>G) del gen PAI-1 se genotipificó mediante PCR-RFLP. Se registraron los valores Ct de los pacientes COVID-19 para analizar la asociación con el polimorfismo 4G/5G del gen PAI-1 y la carga viral. Resultados: Las frecuencias de los genotipos PAI-1 4G/4G, 4G/5G y 5G/5G fueron, 24,5%, 40,2% y 35,3% en los casos frente a 1%, 2% y 97% en los controles, respectivamente. El alelo 4G tiene una distribución significativa entre los casos de la variante Delta y el control, pero no para la variante Omicron. La distribución de las frecuencias de los genotipos PAI-1 4G/5G + 4G/4G y 5G/5G fueron, respectivamente, 79% y 21% en la variante Delta frente a 51% y 49% en la variante Omicron. Los portadores del alelo 4G también presentaron cargas virales más elevadas y valores Ct más bajos. Conclusiones: Los valores de Ct en la distribución de frecuencias de genotipos PAI-1 4G/5G + 4G/4G y 5G/5G fueron, 21 y 25 en la variante Delta frente a 26 y 28 en la variante Omicron.

El periodo de confinamiento ha demostrado que los cines no son el único lugar donde visualizar una película. Los cines se ven amenazados por la competencia externa y la innovación debido al aumento de la popularidad de las plataformas de transmisión (streaming). Estas nuevas formas de consumo buscan su propio espacio y pueden propiciar cambios importantes en el sector de la exhibición cinematográfica. Las conclusiones alcanzadas se derivan de la valoración de los espectadores referente a si tienen preferencia por visualizar películas mediante plataformas de suscripción y si estas plataformas pueden ser sustitutivas o complementarias de las salas de cine., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

This learning experience was developed in a spring semester course during the 2020-21 academic year, within the framework of a postgraduate program in architecture. The concurrence of various opportunities facilitated the unleashing of a training process that simultaneously incorporated aspects of the AyS (learning and service), AV (virtual classroom), AC (collaborative learning) and PBL (project-based learning) methodologies. The case study was to redesign the hall of an academic institution of the university itself and the premise of the commission was to recreate an identity and exhibition space in the educational building itself. The experience did not arise, therefore, from a prior conscious reflective process, but rather from the result of a timely demand that allowed linking innovative didactic aspects that had already been partially experienced previously. This experience has been developed in an exceptional context caused by COVID19, but it has potentially scalable aspects to be repeated in other less unique circumstances., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Covid-19 has changed the landscape of education forever. Online education has become the new normal for many graduate students with the pandemic outbreak. While online education is more cost-effective, there is little research on how online education has impacted graduate students academically. This study aimed to assess graduate students' academic experiences who took all their courses online. A total of 240 master's and Ph.D. students participated in a questionnaire survey and shared their thoughts on the significance of online education in their academic learning and achievement. The findings revealed that the students perceived strong positive perceptions in terms of engagement, ease of communication, academic learning, and academic achievement as a result of online education. Exploratory Factor Analysis extracted four factors contributing more than 60% variation to online education's overall impact on students. To conclude, online learning provides greater flexibility and convenience, allowing students to study at their own pace and in their own time. Additionally, online learning can be tailored to the individual needs of each student, providing a more personalized learning experience, Peer Reviewed

Purpose: The aim of this research is to analyze the academic literature on online grocery shopping to identify a set of variables to assess by means of a validated survey the shopping habits of the population of Catalonia, starting from COVID-19, in a representative sample of the population in the 2020-2021 pandemic period. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology used for this research is qualitative and quantitative, since a validated survey is carried out with a representative sample of the population of Catalonia and subsequently, using a quantitative methodology, the answers of the questionnaire are analyzed using descriptive statistics to interpret the results and reach conclusions. Findings: More people are planning to shop online in the future because of COVID-19 than not people who have shopped online for the first time during the pandemic. Users who have increased their online grocery shopping during the pandemic also intend to use online grocery shopping in the future. Because of COVID-19, the adoption of online grocery shopping has advanced by a few years. However, it must be taken into account that the consumer still perceives risks, such as the fact that many people want to see fresh products before buying them. Originality/value: The most relevant contribution of this work is related to show how online food shopping is for customers and to value the shopping experience in times of pandemic. Thus, the results are intended to contribute to assess online grocery shopping and to detect the customer's perception of this type of shopping, Peer Reviewed

This study investigates the implementation of remote teaching activities in mathematics classrooms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile, a country known for its educational market model, which has led to socioeconomic segregation among schools. The outcomes of remote teaching and the challenges faced by teachers in this context are explored. By considering different school types within the Chilean education system, a comparative analysis of frequencies reveals differences in the use of two options of instructional delivery (synchronous and asynchronous teaching), software, and in the challenges experienced by the participating teachers from three different school sectors. The results highlight a tendency and flexibility to combine synchronous and asynchronous activities using a range of available tools, including WhatsApp and Zoom. Furthermore, the findings suggest that socio-economic segregation within the Chilean education system influences the utilization of simple and free access tools, primarily by teachers in public schools, Peer Reviewed

Purpose: This paper examined supply chain disruptions in the manufacturing industry in South Africa and how additive manufacturing technology was used to help deal with disruptions encountered. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopted a qualitative research approach in order to meet the objectives of the study. A total of ten (10) managers of conventional manufacturing firms and ten (10) managers of 3D printing firms in Free State, South Africa participated in the study through the use of a purposive sampling technique. Interview guides were used in the collection of data. Data transcriptions and thematic analysis were used to analyze data gathered from the interviews. Findings: The results of the study showed that 3D printing contributed positively in dealing with manufacturing disruptions that were encountered by manufacturing firms in Free State, South Africa through the production of components and spare parts that were broken down in manufacturing machinery/plants. From the study, the researchers recommend that 3D printing technology should be adopted by manufacturing firms because of its practicality in providing manufacturing support and production continuity even in supply chain disruptive experiences caused by pandemics such as Covid-19. Originality/value: The study proves that due to the versatility of the 3D printing technology it could be used to minimize the effect of supply chain disruption during cries such as the Covid-19 pandemic. One of the unique contributions of the current study is the realization that additive manufacturing was not of much relevance to the generic supply chain challenges encountered in supply chain activiteis, but rather very relevant in helping to prevent disruptions of the manufacturing process by improvising spare parts at the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic, Peer Reviewed

Purpose: In this paper, the authors analyse some of the aspects that contribute to the better performance of Mondragon Corporation compared to other cooperatives and to the rest of the companies in the Basque Country from a systemic perspective. Design/methodology/approach: First, a systematic review of the literature on the factors that could explain the higher competitiveness of Mondragon Cooperatives compared to the rest of firms has been performed. Then, a draft framework representing the existing relationship between the factors has been proposed by the authors. Then, a contrast with five experts with different perspectives of Mondragon Corporation has been made. Finally, the contributions of the experts to the proposal has allowed to obtain a final framework. Findings: A framework is proposed that links and hierarchises the factors and establishes precondition relationships between them. This framework gives a special role to the basic intercooperative agreement structure as a condition to develop intercompany synergies. Research limitations/implications: The article analyses a very specific case such as Mondragon Corporation and the testing of the framework has been made by a limited number of experts/This research adds a new perspective to a rich literature on the factors that explain Mondragon Cooperatives competitiveness. Practical implications: This article gives insights into the factors that should be considered when trying to replicate the experience of Mondragon Corporation in other socioeconomic contexts. Social Implications: This research stresses the relevance of a shared set of values as a base for the construction of strong synergetic relations between companies. Originality/value: The existing literature related to the key factors for Mondragon Cooperatives’ competitiveness analysed them from an individual factor perspective. This research advances in the knowledge to understand the systemic interrelationship between them, Peer Reviewed

Since the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak, thousands of cases related to discrimination, racism, and hate crimes toward Asian community have been reported all over the world. Utilising integrated threat theory (ITT) as its theoretical backbone, this thesis considers the impacts of perceived threats on anti-Asian attitudes/behaviours spreading at the same time as the global health pandemic. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the following purposes. First, it is crucial to investigate the why Asian groups have been blamed for the spread of COVID-19 worldwide. Second, this study investigates how a contagious virus affects different levels of prejudice toward the “other”, particularly Asians, amid a global health crisis. Third, the author aims to assess the cross-cultural validity of the existing measures to discover whether they are equivalent and applicable in different cultural settings. Finally, this thesis aims to respond to the way that how theoretical concepts and theories have been shifted in thinking about prejudice during the pandemic. The findings support previous studies that showed the use of social media may enhance factors of intergroup threat which may lead to prejudicial attitudes and behaviours. Also, the results reveal that COVID-19 is a stigmatizing disease and perceived as a danger of contact. Therefore, the study findings suggest using ITT as a theoretical guideline to predict prejudice and how publics attribute blame to a specific target group. Besides, it is significant to look beyond theories to better our understanding of public stigma in such a pandemic like COVID-19 because there might be a relation between perceptions of threats and blame attribution. Key words: integrated threat, prejudice, ethnocentrism, media richness, blame attribution, COVID-19

This dissertation presents three essays on liquidity interrelationships between firms in the Standard and Poor's 500 (S&P500) index using network theory. Liquidity is the ease of trading securities in the financial market. It varies over time and differs significantly across firms. The principal challenge for market participants is the variability and uncertainty in liquidity. In simple terms, market liquidity risk relates to the inability to trade at a fair price with immediacy. Many studies investigate liquidity co-movement of assets and the associated risk. However, almost no empirical work has been devoted to investigating the possibility of liquidity interrelationship through a liquidity network. In the first essay, I investigate if a liquidity network among 1,174 firms included in the S&P500 exists using 30 years of data, employing a lead-lag liquidity network method to analyse liquidity interrelationships beyond contemporaneous spillover effects. I find an intertemporal liquidity network where 84% of the firms exhibit statistically significant connectivity in at least one direction during the sample period. The degree and manner of liquidity communication vary across the firms and are dynamic over time. Furthermore, I show that individual firms' characteristics, such as the level and change in liquidity, firm size, and return volatility, can explain their network structure. The outcome emphasizes the fragility of the liquidity system through the firms' connectivity which can be a new factor to consider when evaluating firms' expected rate of return. The second essay explores the relationship between the firm-level liquidity shock transmission through the liquidity network and the role that firm-size plays in the transmission process. I find that the transmission of the liquidity shock depends on the firm size. The greater intensity shocks influence the transmission more through larger firms than small firms. I also find that with one unit increase in the size

The prevalence of sexual violence in Aotearoa New Zealand was of epidemic proportions even before the arrival of Covid-19, with people experiencing social marginalisation harmed more frequently, in different ways, and with less appropriate support available to them than the hegemonic population. In trying to understand these issues through a lens of intersectionality, I broadly enquired into the importance, impact, and challenges of navigating sexual violence for disabled people who experience multiple layers of oppression. Respondents told stories within both the pre- and peri-Covid-19 landscape. Seven respondents shared their stories during eight unstructured, teller-focussed interviews (Hydén, 2014). All seven respondents were service providers, with four respondents also being survivors of sexual violence themselves. Respondents had lived experience of marginalisation, with many inhabiting multiple marginalised social locations. All survivors identified as disabled, with further marginalised identities including being Indigenous, female, and/or queer, among others. A reflexive narrative analysis was conducted to make visible the expert stories as an ethical response to social justice. The narrative analysis outlines how embedded social inequities and power structures, including ableism, racism, sexism, and cisgenderism, intersect oppressively for survivors and create barriers to accessing appropriate support. Inequities are longstanding and rooted within historical oppressions such as colonisation. Respondents spoke of the compounding of existing inequities following the arrival of Covid-19, making visible an already under-resourced sector bearing the brunt of an unprecedented influx of sexual violence and the detrimental effects on survivors and providers alike. Radical change is required to address social inequities in promoting an equal response to sexual violence.

The aim of this research has enabled us to establish the influential relationship between factors associated with e-learning, such as individual impact and depression, and the mediating role in psychological distress and computer anxiety related to the fear of failing an academic year in times of COVID-19 in university students at two universities in the Arequipa region of Peru. The methodology used was developed in two stages; in the first stage, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed, which enabled us to compare the initial results from the theoretical matrix proposed with the observed matrix; in the following stage, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed, as an analytic condition for the factors and to determine the robustness of the proposed model. For this purpose, the Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used, based on partial minimum squares. The sample for the study was made up by 252 students. It is concluded that there are significant influential relationships among the variables observed, such as the individual impact of e-learning, depression, mediated by psychological distress and anxiety for fear of failing the academic year, Peer Reviewed

This study examines cultural inclusivity as a phenomenon in organisational communication. Its significant, original contribution to knowledge is identifying a construct of cultural inclusivity distinct from diversity, inclusiveness, and inclusion. Theories of organisational assimilation and member identity/identification are used to interpret the stories of organisational members from majority/dominant and minority/nondominant culture groups. The connection between ethnic/racial/national culture and the focal theories is explored. Clarification of the construct of cultural inclusivity and its relationship to cultural diversity, inclusiveness, and inclusion are developed. This enhances awareness of the core construct of cultural inclusivity in the stories of organisational members. Data gathered through loosely structured interviews produced stories from culturally diverse members’ experiences of similar communication from their organisations in Aotearoa/New Zealand about changes in working conditions under Covid-19 restrictions. Thematic analysis was used to explore participants’ perceptions of cultural inclusivity in organisational communication. Possibilities are presented for future research of this construct and its application in organisational communication.

Purpose: During the COVID-19 global pandemic, a very significant change has occurred in the demand for basic goods, resulting from the change in the consumer needs of the population in light of a large-scale health and economic crisis. This has revealed the true importance that the agri-food supply chains (ASC) have in the design of business strategies, especially at exceptional times, when the logistics process must be robust enough to continue to ensure the supply of products. In this context, the article presents a qualitative review of the academic literature, with the aim of extracting those factors that have the greatest influence on the degree of resilience of the ASC. Design/methodology: The methodology used is the integrative review of scientific publications, with a closer focus on those specialized in the supply chain, in order to perform a critical analysis and demonstrate theory based on the existing evidence. Both the document search and the content analysis abide by rigorous, explicit criteria. Findings: The bibliographic analysis reveals that there are at least three business strategies that can be considered critical factors in the degree of resilience of the ASCs. These three strategies are: a customer-oriented business awareness; distribution models based on proximity; and cooperative practices among the factors that make up the value chains. Originality/value: In such an important historical moment as the Coronavirus pandemic, it is very appropriate to look back in order to analyze all the scientific literature that could help us to better understand the current situation. It is even more important to do so in those areas of knowledge that do not yet have a consolidated academic trajectory, such as in the case of the resilience of supply chains, Peer Reviewed

Este trabajo de final de máster presenta un modelo para analizar y predecir la calidad ambiental en el interior de salas educativas. Se engloba dentro del proyecto ComMit-20 que tiene como objetivo establecer el impacto de la COVID-19 con respecto al consumo de energía y el bienestar en los edificios. Primero, se han recogido las medidas adoptadas por las universidades y los gobiernos a raíz de la pandemia. Además, se exponen los conceptos y regulaciones gubernamentales referentes al confort térmico y calidad interior de aire. Segundo, se describe la metodología para diseñar los modelos. Se establece que la temperatura depende de las características del aula, la generación de calor de los ocupantes y de la calefacción. La concentración de CO2 varia debido a la respiración de los usuarios y a la ventilación existente. Se define el proceso de recogida de datos, así como una caracterización de las dos salas de estudio analizadas durante el transcurso del proyecto. A partir de los datos recogidos, se ha analizado el estado actual y se han validado los modelos desarrollados. El resultado es un método para predecir el comportamiento interior del aire en aulas universitarias con el fin de optimizar los sistemas de climatización., Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i Benestar, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura, Postprint (published version)

This study aims to analyse the corresponding business models of the aviation industry regarding airline and air navigation service provider strategic alliances during the COVD-19 pandemic. An extensive literature review is carried out on airline cooperative arrangements and each specific alliance with a special focus on their performance during and after the pandemic. Therefore, the chosen methodology in order to conduct the analysis is the EcoCanvas business model, which is based on the traditional business model canvas with additional aspects on sustainability and circular economy. The analysis has shown that the pandemic was an unprecedented challenge for the aviation industry with great losses on revenue due to border restrictions. The global airline alliances have proved to be a very stable business model that helped their members to deal with these challenges, promoting safety measures, investing and implementing IT, health and safety technologies. On the other hand, air navigation service providers had to readjust their financial structure and find alternative funding sources in order to operate and to continue or at least not abandon their technological development and modernisation. Additionally, the corresponding methodology allows us to describe the social and environmental impact and foresight, which have been analysed and assessed. Also, it has been shown that the aviation sector is committed towards their sustainable development with various measures ranging from sustainable aviation fuel procurement and refurbishment promoted by airline alliances on the one hand, and on the other hand, the air navigation service providers contribution with the use of renewable sources of energy in their infrastructures and technology improvements aimed to increase the airspace safety, capacity, cost efficiency and reduce aviation noise and emissions.

Purpose: This paper aims to provide a holistic insight into the performance of the Turkish air transportation network through complex network analysis. While many countries' airport network structures and performances have been widely studied, the rapidly growing Turkish airport structure still needs to be adequately analyzed. Therefore, this paper evaluates the structural properties of the Turkish domestic aviation network from 2012 to 2020 and compares it with worldwide practices. Design/methodology/approach: To evaluate the topological properties of the Turkish airport system, this study utilized five complex network metrics: average degree, diameter, average path length, clustering coefficient, modularity, and density index. Findings: The findings indicate that the Turkish domestic aviation network has a smaller diameter, lower average path length, decreasing clustering coefficient, and lower modularity compared to worldwide practices, which implies low robustness and flexibility. The pandemic has increased the unique paths, density index, and average degree, which implies more connectivity among airports, possibly due to mandatory flights. Practical implications: The analysis of complex networks can help evaluate network characteristics and understand their influence on the Turkish domestic network. The long-term evaluation of the airports' topological properties provides valuable insights into their structural resilience, operational efficiency, and potential for network optimization. Originality/value: This study is the first to analyze the topological structure of the Turkish airport system and compare it with worldwide practices. Moreover, it sheds light on the effects of the pandemic on airport network structure., Peer Reviewed

Treball final del Màster Universitari en Estudis Avançats en Arquitectura-Barcelona (MBArch). Gestió i Valoració Urbana i Arquitectònica, Este trabajo de fin de master pretende analizar las variaciones residenciales que se han experimentado en el territorio español de los años 2017 a 2021 para la población extranjera y española de nacionalidad, estudiando así los patrones de movilidad residencial que tienen a nivel provincial por grupo continental de origen. Se determinó un caso de estudio en las provincias de Toledo, Madrid y Guadalajara al observar como los saldos migratorios han aumentado en los últimos años en las provincias a los costados de Madrid, en especial en los municipios periféricos, es decir, con mayor cercanía al centro de la capital para la población extranjera y española y por edad media., This master's thesis aims to analyze the residential variations that have been experienced in the Spanish territory from the years 2017 to 2021 for the foreign and Spanish population of nationality, thus studying the patterns of residential mobility that they have at the provincial level by continental group of origin. A case study was determined in the provinces of Toledo, Madrid and Guadalajara by observing how migratory balances have increased in recent years in the provinces on the sides of Madrid, especially in the peripheral municipalities, that is, closer to the center of the capital for the foreign and Spanish population and by average age.

This article analyzes the self-concept about digital competence in university professors of Sciences, Health Sciences and Engineering and the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) use habits of professors in these areas. For this purpose, a survey designed by the authors was completed by 340 university professors in the aforementioned areas. Based on the answers obtained from this survey, a descriptive quantitative analysis of the assessments of the self-concept of digital competence and training of the participants, of the didactic use of ICT and the frequency of their use before and after the pandemic has been carried out. The results showed that the digital competence of the professors is intermediate, but their training is valued as low, especially in Sciences and Health Sciences. The assessment of ICT is very good. The pandemic has caused a generalized increase in the use of ICT, mainly in Health Sciences, which is the area in which university students were most reluctant to use them. In addition, a gender gap which did not exist before the pandemic has been generated favoring females in the use of ICT in Science and Engineering. An age-based digital gap that existed before the pandemic has also been corrected in Health Sciences, Peer Reviewed

[spa] Fundamentos: La pandemia por COVID-19 y las medidas de aislamiento social forzaron la docencia virtual en los estudios universitarios. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto de la pandemia en el bienestar de los estudiantes de enfermería, así como analizar la valoración de los nuevos modelos de docencia y las repercusiones académicas percibidas por los estudiantes de enfermería durante el curso 2020-2021. Métodos: Estudio transversal con estudiantes de enfermería de 15 universidades españolas. Se utilizó un cuestionario anónimo en línea que incluía datos sociodemográficos, modalidad docente (en línea, mixta o presencial), opiniones y actitudes relacionadas con el aprendizaje en línea, competencias tecnológicas y recursos electrónicos, y repercusiones físicas, mentales y sociales de la pandemia en los estudiantes. Resultados: Participaron un total de 1.276 estudiantes de enfermería (86,8% mujeres con una media de edad de 22,9±6,1 años). El 63,8% de los estudiantes consideraban que era posible aplicar la educación a distancia pero que no podía sustituir a la presencial. El 68,1% de los estudiantes consideraron que la pandemia afectó a su aprendizaje, concretamente en la adquisición de competencias profesionales. Además, manifestaron que la pandemia afectó a su bienestar social (86,7%), salud mental (82,1%), bienestar intelectual (65,5%) y bienestar físico (60,5%). Conclusiones: Los estudiantes consideran que la docencia en línea en el contexto de pandemia tuvo repercusiones negativas a nivel personal y académico. En las crisis sanitarias es importante amortiguar el impacto en la docencia y asegurar la continuidad de la formación de las futuras enfermeras para garantizar la salud de la población., [eng] Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and social isolation measures forced virtual teaching in high education. Objective: To determine the impact of the pandemic on the well-being of nursing students, as well as to analyze the assessment of the new teaching models and the academic repercussions perceived by nursing students during the 2020-2021 academic year. Methods: Cross-sectional study with nursing students from 15 Spanish universities. An anonymous online questionnaire was used, including sociodemographic data, teaching modality (online, mixed or face-to-face), opinions and attitudes related to online learning, technological skills and electronic resources, and physical, mental and social repercussions of the pandemic on students. Results: A total of 1,276 nursing students participated (86.8% women with a mean age of 22.9±6.1 years). Sixty-three percent of the students considered that it was possible to apply distance education but that it could not replace face-to-face education. 68.1% of the students considered that the pandemic affected their learning, specifically in the acquisition of professional skills. In addition, they stated that the pandemic affected their social well-being (86.7%), mental health (82.1%), intellectual well-being (65.5%) and physical well-being (60.5%). Conclusions: The students consider that online teaching in the context of the pandemic had negative repercussions at a personal and academic level. In health crises, it is important to palliate the impact on teaching and ensure the continuity of the training of future nurses to guarantee the health of the population.

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increased need for physical distancing to slow infection rates necessitated working remotely for many employees deemed 'non-essential.' As United States society enters a post-pandemic period, remote work becomes more of an option than a necessity, with many companies choosing differing levels of remote work to conduct their operations: some conduct business completely remote, others completely in-person, and many choose a hybrid model combining both options. This development and change in work has been fast-moving and without much in-depth study. This study examines remote work and the possible effects it can have on employees, specifically on how they experience the occupational phenomenon of burnout. Utilizing the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and a proprietary survey, this study examines a working population through The University of Scranton's social media networks. Using an Analysis of Variance test through R-studio, there is a significant relationship found between working fully remote and scoring lower on the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, indicating a lower level of occupational burnout. These significant findings encourage the need for further research examining remote working and how it can fulfill employees' needs in a way that in-person work cannot.

COVID-19 has become a modern global phenomenon, as the disease has killed millions of individuals around the world. Globalization has only increased the risk of new pandemics arising in the future. Thus, it is crucial to study the COVID-19 pandemic, so that proper preparations can be taken to mitigate the risk of new pandemics. This project will attempt to aid in the understanding of COVID-19 on a more local scale, specifically for the Northeastern region of Pennsylvania. It first examines the region as a complex network, treating each county as a node and adjacent counties as edges connecting the nodes. The properties of this network were studied. The network is then applied to the SIR model through a Markov process to show how the infection rate in the region changes over time. Finally, three vaccination plans are considered using their own respective Markov processes, and further changes in infection rate are observed to assess which vaccination plan is optimal for the region. It was found that vaccinating counties with the most connections in the network would proportionally reduce the number of COVID-19 cases more significantly in the area than other vaccination plans. However, it was noted that giving preferential treatment in vaccine rollout may not be ethically sound; rather, vaccinating all counties may be considered more ethical. In general, any plan of vaccination will reduce COVID-19 spread in the region, which agrees with research done on current COVID-19 vaccines and their effectiveness at reducing the risk of disease spread.

[eng] In an effort to mitigate the outbreak of COVID-19, many countries have imposed drastic lockdown, movement control or shelter in place orders on their residents. The effectiveness of these mitigation measures is highly dependent on cooperation and compliance of all members of society. The knowledge, attitudes and practices people hold toward the disease play an integral role in determining a society’s readiness to accept behavioral change measures from health authorities. Urban informal settlements are characterized by large populations occupying a small land area. Housing in informal settlements is close to each other with most households making do with poor quality and erratic water supply. How challenges of sanitation in slum dwellings in Kenya affect spread of COVID 19 is not known. Social distancing, wearing masks and hand washing among other measures are known to reduce the spread of COVID 19. Although access to hand-washing facilities with soap and water is near universal in High Income Countries, the same is not true for Low Income Countries. The purpose of this survey was to assess the challenges of hand washing as a covid-19 prevention measure among urban slum populations in Kenya. Key information of practices on handwashing practices among this sub-population will inform the ministry of health, its collaborators and interested health sectors, on areas of improvement. A descriptive cross-sectional survey for quantitative data was be used. Solvins formula for calculation of a sample size was used. Properly designed data collection tool was used in collecting the primary data on hand washing to prevent transmission of COVID-19 with a combination of face-to-face interviews. A pre-test of the data collection tool prior to pilot data collection was performed to ascertain validity and reliability. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, mean and standard deviation and displayed using tables and figures. Inferential stat, [spa] En un esfuerzo por mitigar el brote de COVID-19, muchos países han impuesto a sus residentes órdenes drásticas de bloqueo, control de movimientos o confinamiento. La eficacia de estas medidas de mitigación depende en gran medida de la cooperación y el cumplimiento de todos los miembros de la sociedad. Los conocimientos, las actitudes y las prácticas que la gente tiene hacia la enfermedad desempeñan un papel integral en la determinación de la disposición de una sociedad a aceptar las medidas de cambio de comportamiento de las autoridades sanitarias. Los asentamientos urbanos informales se caracterizan por tener grandes poblaciones que ocupan una pequeña superficie de terreno. Las viviendas de los asentamientos informales están muy cerca unas de otras y la mayoría de los hogares se conforman con un suministro de agua de mala calidad y errático. No se sabe cómo afectan los problemas de saneamiento en las viviendas de los barrios marginales de Kenia a la propagación de COVID 19. Se sabe que el distanciamiento social, el uso de mascarillas y el lavado de manos, entre otras medidas, reducen la propagación del COVID 19. Aunque el acceso a las instalaciones para lavarse las manos con agua y jabón es casi universal en los países de renta alta, no ocurre lo mismo en los países de renta baja. El objetivo de esta encuesta era evaluar los retos del lavado de manos como medida de prevención del COVID 19 entre las poblaciones de los barrios marginales urbanos de Kenia. La información clave sobre las prácticas de lavado de manos entre esta subpoblación informará al ministerio de salud, a sus colaboradores y a los sectores sanitarios interesados, sobre las áreas de mejora. Se utilizó una encuesta transversal descriptiva para obtener datos cuantitativos. Se utilizó la fórmula de Solvins para calcular el tamaño de la muestra. Se utilizó una herramienta de recopilación de datos adecuadamente diseñada para recoger los datos primarios sobre el lavado de manos para preveni

[eng] Objectives: Ending the current COVID-19 pandemic entails attaining herd immunity, requiring high vaccination rates. However, vaccination rates remain very low in our setting, vaccine hesitancy due to lack of sufficient data on actual benefits of being vaccinated being a major cause. This study aimed at assessing the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination on disease severity and mortality. Methods: Retrospective cohort study for COVID-19 patients managed by the Bamenda Regional Hospital from August 2021 to February 2022, using regression to asses relationship between vaccination status and disease severity, as well as mortality. Results: The 1389 participants included in our study had a mean age of 49.5 (±19.5) years and a female predominance 60.2% (836). A total of 81(5.8%) patients were fully vaccinated and 77(5.5%) were partially vaccinated. Overall, 485(34.9%) had comorbidities, 419(30.2%) were admitted with moderate to severe disease, among which 137(32.7%) died. Among patients admitted with moderate to severe disease, only 2 (0.5%) were fully vaccinated and 6 (1.4%) partially vaccinated, where those fully vaccinated had lower odds of having severe disease (OR =0.05; CI95 (0.01-0.18); p=0.000), as well as partially vaccinated (OR =0.15; CI95 (0.06-0.35); p=0.000). Among patients who died, only 2 (1.5%) were partially vaccinated and none fully vaccinated, where being vaccinated (partially) did not affect odds of mortality (OR =1.02; CI95 (0.19-5.65); p=0.980). Conclusion: Being fully vaccinated and to a lesser extent partially vaccinated was associated with lower odds for severe disease. As for mortality, complete vaccination was suggestive for being protective while partial vaccination had no effect., [spa] Objetivos: Poner fin a la actual pandemia de COVID-19 implica lograr la inmunidad colectiva, lo que requiere altas tasas de vacunación. Sin embargo, las tasas de vacunación siguen siendo muy bajas en nuestro medio, siendo la reticencia a la vacunación por falta de datos suficientes sobre los beneficios reales de vacunarse una de las principales causas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los beneficios de la vacunación COVID-19 sobre la gravedad y la mortalidad de la enfermedad. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo para pacientes con COVID-19 atendidos por el Hospital Regional de Bamenda desde agosto de 2021 hasta febrero de 2022, utilizando regresión para evaluar la relación entre el estado de vacunación y la gravedad de la enfermedad, así como la mortalidad. Resultados: Los 1389 participantes incluidos en nuestro estudio tenían una edad media de 49,5 (±19,5) años y un predominio femenino del 60,2% (836). Un total de 81 (5,8%) pacientes estaban completamente vacunados y 77 (5,5%) estaban parcialmente vacunados. 485 (34,9%) tenían comorbilidades, 419 (30,2%) ingresaron con enfermedad moderada a grave, de los cuales 137 (32,7%) fallecieron. Entre los pacientes ingresados con enfermedad de moderada a grave, solo 2 (0,5%) estaban completamente vacunados y 6 (1,4%) parcialmente vacunados. Los que estaban completamente vacunados tenían menos probabilidades de tener una enfermedad grave (OR = 0,05; IC95 (0,01-0,18); p=0,000), así como parcialmente vacunados (OR =0,15; IC95 (0,06-0,35); p=0,000). Entre los pacientes que fallecieron, solo 2 (1,5 %) estaban parcialmente vacunados y ninguno completamente vacunado, por ello estar vacunado (parcialmente) no afectó las probabilidades de mortalidad (OR = 1,02; IC95 (0,19-5,65); p = 0,980). Conclusión: estar completamente vacunado y, en menor medida, parcialmente vacunado se asoció con menores probabilidades de enfermedad grave. En cuanto a la mortalidad, la vacunación completa fue sugerente por ser protec

[eng] Introduction: The importance of a gendered perspective on men’s unhealthy coping strategies for mental health is becoming more widely recognized in the literature. There is no literature on Jamaican males and how they are coping and what coping strategies they are engaged in during the post-COVID-19 period. Objectives: The aim is to examine the types of coping strategies used by Jamaican males who are 18 years and older used to address problematic situations that arose in their life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and materials: The study used cross-sectional web-based survey data on Jamaican men 18 years and older from the fourteen parishes of Jamaica, the survey commenced on October 1, 2022, and ended on November 25, 2022. The Systematic Sampling Technique was utilized to draw a sample of 1088 respondents utilizing a randomized selection of every fifth male in the population. Results: Substance use has been strongly employed by Jamaican males to address the challenges of life post-COVID-19 (three in every four Jamaican males have been using hard drugs). In addition, religion and denial have been strongly employed by sampled Jamaicans to address the challenges of life post-COVID-19. Furthermore, self-blame and self-distraction have also been a part of the strategies employed by Jamaican males to deal with life post-COVID-19. In addition to the aforementioned issues, Jamaican males have been venting and acceptance of the challenges experienced in their lives post-COVID-19., [spa] Introducción: La importancia de una perspectiva de género en las estrategias de afrontamiento no saludables de los hombres para la salud mental es cada vez más reconocida en la literatura. No existe literatura sobre los hombres jamaicanos y cómo están afrontando y qué estrategias de afrontamiento están llevando a cabo durante el período posterior a COVID-19. Objetivos: El objetivo es examinar los tipos de estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los varones jamaicanos mayores de 18 años para hacer frente a las situaciones problemáticas que surgieron en su vida durante la pandemia COVID-19. Métodos y materiales: El estudio utilizó datos de encuestas transversales basadas en la web sobre hombres jamaicanos de 18 años o más de las catorce parroquias de Jamaica, la encuesta comenzó el 1 de octubre de 2022 y finalizó el 25 de noviembre de 2022. Se utilizó la técnica de muestreo sistemático para extraer una muestra de 1088 encuestados utilizando una selección aleatoria de uno de cada cinco varones de la población. Resultados: Los varones jamaicanos han recurrido en gran medida al consumo de sustancias para hacer frente a los retos de la vida tras el COVID-19 (tres de cada cuatro varones jamaicanos han consumido drogas duras). Además, los jamaicanos de la muestra han recurrido en gran medida a la religión y a la negación para hacer frente a los retos de la vida tras el COVID-19. Además, la autoculpabilización y la autodistracción también han formado parte de las estrategias empleadas por los varones jamaicanos para hacer frente a la vida posterior a COVID-19. Además de las cuestiones mencionadas, los varones jamaicanos se han desahogado y han aceptado los retos experimentados en su vida tras el COVID-19. Conclusiones: Esta investigación ha proporcionado una visión de los factores de estrés experimentados por los varones jamaicanos después del COVID-19 y, como tal, plantea la necesidad de programas de intervención social para ayudarles a hacer frente a la

Este trabajo de investigacion se centra en el impacto de la covid-19 en el puerto de barcelona y su proceso de recuperación economico posterior. Teniendo em cuenta los sectores mas importantes del puerto y como han atravesado esta crisis sanitaria y económica

Previous research has shown the consolidation of the digital divide as an object of study over the last two decades. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has multiplied the consequences of digital exclusion, as well as the number of studies examining its effects in the educational field. Based on this current educational reality, we approach a proposal that examines in depth the existing literature on the digital divide in the educational context by using the systematic review as a research methodology. We present an analysis of relevant studies published in the last three years with the aim of answering the following questions: How did the digital divide affected e-learning and ICT implementation during the pandemic? ; what methods were used to assess it? ; and what are the proposals to counteract its presence?. The results obtained in our study confirm the use of systematic reviewing which synthesize and accumulate the results of different primary studies. These results also serve to identify research gaps that point, in our case, towards future lines of work on the causes, persistence and interventions to mitigate the expansion of the digital divide in today's educational landscape, Peer Reviewed