25 results on '"COURBE ROC"'
Search Results
2. Validation and bifactor structure of the French Adult ADHD Symptoms Rating Scale v1.1 (ASRS).
- Author
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Caci H, Didier C, and Wynchank D
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Self Report, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Three scoring methods for the widely available Adult ADHD Symptoms Rating Scale v1.1 (ASRS) have been proposed to screen for ADHD, but these three methods have rarely been compared against formal clinical diagnoses. We aimed to validate the French version of the ASRS against a clinical interview using DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnostic algorithms., Methods: One hundred five adults from a convenience sample were evaluated with the ASRS and the DIVA 2.0, using both DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis to investigate the underlying structure of the ASRS. Sensitivity, specificity, and classification accuracy were compared between the rating algorithms of the ASRS., Results: The full score method had worse predictive performance than the Screener and the 2-stage scoring method. All characteristics of the three scoring methods for the ASRS were worse when applying DSM-5 criteria. The best-fitting structure was a bi-factor model with a general ADHD factor and three specific factors., Conclusions: ADHD was best conceived as a one-dimensional construct. The 2-stage scoring method superseded the Screener with comparable sensitivity and specificity., (Copyright © 2022 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Is the gait profile score a good marker of gait dysfunction in individuals with late effects of poliomyelitis?
- Author
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Supiot, Anthony, Genêt, François, Cattagni, Thomas, Salga, Marjorie, Roche, Nicolas, and Pradon, Didier
- Subjects
POLIO ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,ORTHOPEDIC apparatus ,GAIT disorders - Abstract
Copyright of Movement & Sport Sciences / Science & Motricité is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. [The alternative model of personality disorders among the French population: Assessment with brief tools].
- Author
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Combaluzier S, Gouvernet B, Auvage L, Bourgoise C, and Murphy P
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Personality Inventory, Surveys and Questionnaires, Interpersonal Relations, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Reproducibility of Results, Psychometrics, Personality Disorders diagnosis, Personality Disorders epidemiology, Personality
- Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this work was to study whether the French versions of the brief tools available to clinicians within the framework of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) can account for the risks of personality disorders in the general population. Tools are available to accurately investigate either the Level of Personality Functioning (LPF) or the Pathological Personality Dimensions (PPD) which in turn allow the validation of the relevance of the AMPD for its criteria A and B. As these tools, such as Morey's Level of Personality Functioning Scale Self Rated (LPFS-SR) for Criteria A or the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID5) by Krueger et al. for Criteria B, are lengthy, the question arises as to the use of the short tools derived from them., Method: Data was collected from a sample of 433 people recruited on a volunteer basis with a complete protocol. The sample was predominantly female (83% female, 16% male, 2 people who did not wish to report their gender) and rather young (67% were 18-24 years old). The short version, the LPFS- BF of Hutsbaut et al., which we used in this work allows, as confirmed by several works, to consider on the basis of 12 items the global level of personality functioning. In order to assess the pathological dimensions of personality (PPD), we chose the short version of the Personality Inventory for DSM 5 (PID 5 BF) by Krueger et al. and used its validated French translation that satisfies the factor composition of the original version: Negative Affectivity, Antagonism, Detachment, Disinhibition and Psychoticism. To assess the intensity of personality disorders we used the dedicated subscale (Items 19 and 20) that the DSM 5 proposes in its Cross-Cutting Symptoms Measures of Level 1, in its French translation. A score higher than 2 was our Gold Standard when we tested the metric capacity of the two questionnaires to evaluate the A Criteria and then the B Criteria of the AMPD., Results: The overall results (Table 1) show levels that place the group in a non-clinical level. In terms of the severity of personality disorders it can be seen that 27 % are at risk of personality disorder (PDs>2). Comparing these two sub-groups (Table 1), we observed significant differences for all the factors studied, pointing towards a higher score for people at risk of PDs. A logistic regression analysis of the evaluation of persons at risk lead us to find that gender and age do not have a significant influence (p=0.225 and p=0.065 respectively) in a valid model (chi square=157, df=4, p<0.001) including the overall score on the LPFS (z=5.76, p<0.001) and the PID 5 (z=2.26, p<0.001). The Area Under the Curve (AUC=0.859) of this translation (Table 3) is consistent with the original version (AUC=0.84). It has metrological qualities (Sn=73.91%, Sp=85.33%, LR+=5.1, LR-=0.3005) that allowed us to use a threshold of 24 as a discriminant of a risk of moderate or severe personality disorder. In addition, if we followed the AMPD and considered the threshold of 24 on the LFPS-BF to be a risk score for personality disorder, we could see (Fig. 2) that the scores on the PID 5 BF fairly well reflected the expected pattern with a large AUC (0.901). According to the AMPD, the cut-points for the dimensions that would evoke the presence of criteria B in the case of the presence of criterion A (LPFS-BF>24) could be either a score greater than 2 for Negative Affectivity, a score greater than 0.8 for Detachment, Antagonism and Disinhibition, or a score greater than 1.2 for Psychoticism (Table 4)., Discussion: The translation of the LPFS-BF that we used in this work has sufficient qualities to assess situations at risk of personality disorders when higher than 24. Its consistency was good (=0.84), and its factor composition in two factors (Self and Interpersonal Relations) was equivalent to the original version. The use of PID5-BF could therefore be used as a complement to the screening of AMPD A criteria, with a 25 for cut-point. The evaluation of the AMPD B criteria with the PID5-BF seemed relevant in view of our results; each of the subscales seemed to be able to correctly evaluate (AUC) persons with an LPFS-BF score at risk. However, the risk thresholds need to be confirmed in further work because of the essential role that the dimensions play in the diagnosis of types of personality disorders., (Copyright © 2022 L'Encéphale, Paris. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Glycated Hemoglobin Is Suboptimal for the Screening of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Adults With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
- Author
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Gignac T, Trépanier G, Paquet V, Ferland S, and Carreau AM
- Subjects
- Humans, Adult, Female, Middle Aged, Male, Glycated Hemoglobin, Blood Glucose, Retrospective Studies, Glucose, Fasting, Prediabetic State diagnosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diagnosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease diagnosis, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology
- Abstract
Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but T2D screening tests are not well validated in this population. In this study, we assessed performance of glycated hemoglobin (A1C) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in glucose dysmetabolism screening and aimed to optimize detection thresholds for individuals with NAFLD., Methods: We retrospectively included oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) from consecutive patients undergoing a specialized clinic for NAFLD, if A1C and/or fasting glucose was available within 3 months of OGTT. We compared performances of A1C and fasting glucose with the "gold standard" of OGTT using thresholds from the 2018 Diabetes Canada guidelines. A1C and FPG thresholds were optimized for detection of glucose dysmetabolism using receiver operating characteristic curves., Results: We included 63 OGTTs from individuals with NAFLD (52% female, age 48 [interquartile range 35 to 63] years, body mass index 34 [interquartile range 29 to 40] kg/m
2 ). A1C had 16% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6% to 38%) sensitivity (Se) and 97% (95% CI 85% to 100%) specificity (Sp) for T2D detection, and 45% (95% CI 30% to 62%) Se and 100% (95% CI 83% to 100%) Sp for abnormal blood glucose detection. FPG had 67% (95% CI 45% to 83%) Se and 100% (95% CI 92% to 100%) Sp for T2D detection, and 74% (95% CI 59% to 85%) Se and 92% (95% CI 74% to 99%) Sp for abnormal blood glucose detection. Optimal A1C and FPG thresholds were 5.6% and 6.3 mmol/L for T2D detection, which are lower than current recommendations., Conclusions: A1C is less sensitive than FPG and is suboptimal for T2D detection, suggesting that OGTT may be obtained if A1C is ≥5.6% or FPG is ≥6.3 mmol/L in individuals with NAFLD, to avoid underdiagnosis and treatment inertia., (Copyright © 2023 Canadian Diabetes Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. La contribución del MMPI-2 a la predicción del riesgo de violencia.
- Author
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Ampudia Rueda, Amada, Sánchez Crespo, Guadalupe, and Jiménez Gómez, Fernando
- Abstract
The present study analyzes the contribution of the MMPI-2 in the prediction of the risk of violence. 574 participants compose the two groups: the "Homicidal" group, comprising 287 prisoners convicted of homicide and serving sentences in several prisons in Mexico City, and the "Non-criminal" group, comprising 287 participants who did not commit any crime. A total of 215 men and 72 women are in each group. Differences in means were analyzed and effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated. The ROC curve is used in the set of scales of the MMPI-2 to assess diagnostic accuracy. The results present the scales with greater potential impact of the risk of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. INTERET DU DOSAGE DE L'ACIDE VANYLMANDELIQUE ET HOMOVANILLIQUE URINAIRES DANS LE DIAGNOSTIC DU NEUROBLASTOME EN TUNISIE.
- Author
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BACHALI, A., BETTAIEB, J., AYARI, S., SAHLI, H., KAMOUN, N., BAHRI, S., CHAABANE, A., LAMOUCHI, H., BARSAOUI, S., BEN AMMAR, S., and BAHLOUS, A.
- Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) accounts for 10% of pediatric malignancies. Urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and urinary homovanillic acid (HVA) are the most commonly measured in the diagnosis of NB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of urinary VMA and HVA assay for the diagnosis of NB and to determine diagnostic cuts-off values. A retrospective chart review was performed. We analyzed the medical records of 70 patients admitted for suspicion of NB in an Oncology Unit of Pediatric Department from 2007 to 2012. We measured urine catecholamine metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in the department of Biochemistry Laboratory at Institut Pasteur of Tunis. The patients were divided into two groups: a NB group (n=25) with a histologically-proven NB and a control group (n=45). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the best sensitivities and specificities. The median age of the population was 18.5 months [min=5, max=156]. The analysis of biological parameters showed that means and standard deviations of urinary VMA and HVA in NB group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p= 0.023 and p = 0.028 respectively). In infants under than 1 year, the sensitivity and specificity of urinary VMA were 83% and 77% respectively for a cut-off value of 21.5 µmol/mmol creatinine. In children over 1 year, the sensitivity and specificity of urinary VMA were 79% and 65% respectively for a cut-off value of 17.5 µmol/mmol creatinine. No significant correlations were found between the urinary levels of VMA and HVA and the site of the tumor as well as the tumor stage and the presence of metastasis. These data confirm the diagnostic utility of urinary VMA and HVA. The analysis of other catecholamine metabolites ensures the highest sensitivity to diagnose NB patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
8. Prédiction des bogues dans les applications mobiles : une approche basée sur les métriques logicielles et l'apprentissage automatique
- Author
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Ogouhola, Isaac and Ogouhola, Isaac
- Published
- 2021
9. Random blood glucose may be used to assess long-term glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a rural African clinical setting.
- Author
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Rasmussen, Jon B., Nordin, Lovisa S., Rasmussen, Niclas S., Thomsen, Jakúp A., Street, Laura A., Bygbjerg, Ib C., and Christensen, Dirk L.
- Subjects
- *
TYPE 2 diabetes treatment , *BLOOD sugar , *GLYCEMIC index , *PEOPLE with diabetes , *BODY mass index , *MEDICAL care - Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of random blood glucose (RBG) on good glycaemic control among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in a rural African setting. methods Cross-sectional study at St. Francis' Hospital in eastern Zambia. RBG and HbA1c were measured during one clinical review only. Other information obtained was age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, urine albumin-creatinine ratio, duration since diagnosis and medication. RESULTS One hundred and one patients with DM (type 1 DM = 23, type 2 DM = 78) were included. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient revealed a significant correlation between RBG and HbA1c among the patients with type 2 DM (r = 0.73, P < 0.001) but not patients with type 1 DM (r = 0.17, P = 0.44). Furthermore, in a multivariate linear regression model (R² = 0.71) RBG (permmol/l increment) (B = 0.28, 95% CI:0.24-0.32, P < 0.001) was significantly associated HbA1c with HbA1c among the patients with type 2 DM. Based on ROC analysis (AUC = 0.80, SE = 0.05), RBG =7.5 mmol/l was determined as the optimal cut-off value for good glycaemic control (HbA1c <7.0%[53 mmol/mol]) among patients with type 2 DM (sensitivity = 76.7%; specificity = 70.8%; positive predictive value = 62.2%; negative predictive value = 82.9%). CONCLUSIONS Random blood glucose could possibly be used to assess glycaemic control among patients with type 2 DM in rural settings of sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Inférence et validation d'un marqueur pronostique pour des données de survie corrélées avec l'application au cancer
- Author
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Meddis, Alessandra, Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Saclay, and Aurélien Latouche
- Subjects
Clustered data ,Time-To-Event ,Courbe ROC ,Survie ,Informative cluster size ,Effet centre ,[SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,Taille informative de grappes ,Meta-Analyses ,Donnèes en grappes ,ROC curve ,Meta-Analysis - Abstract
Clustered data often arises in medical research. These are characterized by correlations between observations belonging to the same cluster. Here, we discuss some extension to clustered data in different contexts: evaluating the performance of a candidate biomarker, and assessing the treatment effect in an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis with competing risks. The former was motivated by the IMENEO study, an IPD meta-analysis where the prognostic validity of the Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) was of interest. Our objective was to determine how well CTCs discriminates patients that died from the one that did not within the t-years, comparing individuals with same tumor stage. Although the covariate-specific time dependent ROC curve has been widely used for biomarker's discrimination, there is no methodology that can handle clusteres censored data. We proposed an estimator for the covariate-specific time dependent ROC curves and area under the ROC curve when clustered failure times are detected. We considered a shared frailty model for modeling the effect of the covariates and the biomarker on the outcome in order to account for the cluster effect. A simulation study was conducted and it showed negligible bias for the proposed estimator and a nonparametric one based on inverse probability censoring weighting, while a semiparametric estimator, ignoring the clustering, is markedly biased.We further considered an IPD meta-analysis with competing risks to assess the benefit of the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy on each competing endpoint for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Recommendations for the analysis of competing risks in the context of randomized clinical trials are well established. Surprisingly, no formal guidelines have been yet proposed to conduct an IPD meta-analysis with competing risk endpoints. To fill this gap, this work detailed: how to handle the heterogeneity between trials via a stratified regression model for competing risks and it highlights that the usual metrics of inconsistency to assess heterogeneity can readily be employed. The typical issues that arise with meta-analyses and the advantages due to the availability of patient-level characteristics were underlined. We proposed a landmark approach for the cumulative incidence function to investigate the impact of follow up on the treatment effect.The assumption of non informative cluster size was made in both the analyses. The cluster size is said to be informative when the outcome depends on the size of the cluster conditional on a set of covariates. Intuitively, a meta-analysis would meet this assumption. However, non informative cluster size is commonly assumed even though it may be not true in some situations and it leads to incorrect results. Informative cluster size (ICS) is a challenging problem and its presence has an impact on the choice of the correct methodology. We discussed more in details interpretation of results and which quantities can be estimated under which conditions. We proposed a test for ICS with censored clustered data. To our knowledge, this is the first test on the context of survival analysis. A simulation study was conducted to assess the power of the test and some illustrative examples were provided.The implementation of each of these developments are available at https://github.com/AMeddis.; Les données de survie en grappes sont souvent recueillies dans le cadre de la recherche médicale. Elles sont caractérisées par des corrélations entre des observations appartenant à un même groupe. Ici, nous discutons des extensions a des données en grappes dans différents contextes : évaluation de la performance d'un biomarqueur candidat, et l’estimation de l'effet du traitement dans une méta-analyse sur données individuels (IPD) avec risques concurrents. La première a été motivée par l'étude IMENEO, une méta-analyse où l'intérêt portait sur la validité pronostique des cellules tumorales circulantes (CTCs). Notre objectif était de déterminer dans quelle mesure les CTCs discriminent les patients qui sont morts de ceux qui ne l'ont pas fait dans les t-années, en comparant des individus ayant le même stade de tumeur. Bien que la courbe ROC dépendante du temps ait été largement utilisée pour la discrimination des biomarqueurs, il n'existe pas de méthodologie permettant de traiter des données en grappes censurées. Nous proposons un estimateur pour les courbes ROC dépendantes du temps et pour l'AUC lorsque les temps d'évènements sont correlés. Nous avons employé un modèle de fragilité partagée pour modéliser l'effet des covariables et du biomarqueur sur la réponse afin de tenir compte de l'effet de la grappe. Une étude de simulation a été réalisée et a montré un biais négligeable pour l'estimateur proposé et pour un estimateur non paramétrique fondé sur la pondération par la probabilité inverse d’être censuré (IPCW), tandis qu'un estimateur semi-paramétrique, ignorant la structure en grappe est nettement biaisé.Nous avons également considéré une méta-analyse IPD pour quantifier le bénéfice de l'ajout de la chimiothérapie à la radiothérapie sur chaque risque concurrent pour les patients avec un carcinome nasopharyngien . Les recommandations pour l'analyse des risques concurrents dans le cadre d'essais cliniques randomisés sont bien établies. Étonnamment, aucune recommendation n'a encore été proposée pour l’anlayse d'une méta-analyse IPD avec les risque concurrents. Pour combler cette lacune, ce travail a détaillé la manière de traiter l'hétérogénéité entre les essais par un modèle de régression stratifié pour les risques concurrents et il souligne que les mesures standardes d'hétérogénéité pour évaluer l'incohérence peuvent facilement être utilisées. Les problèmes typiques qui se posent avec les méta-analyses et les avantages dus à la disponibilité des caractéristiques au niveau du patient ont été soulignées. Nous avons proposé une approche landmark pour la fonction d'incidence cumulée afin d'étudier l'impact du temps de suivi sur l'effet du traitement.L'hypothèse d'une taille de grappe non informative était faite dans les deux analyses. On dit que la taille de grappe est informative lorsque la variable réponse dépend de la taille de grappe conditionnellement à un ensemble de variables explicatives. Intuitivement, une méta-analyse répondrait à cette hypothèse. Cependant, la taille de grappe non informative est généralement supposée, même si elle peut être fausse dans certaines situations, ce qui conduit à des résultats incorrects. La taille des grappes informatives (ICS) est un problème difficile et sa présence a un impact sur le choix de la méthodologie. Nous avons discuté plus en détail de l'interprétation des résultats et des quantités qui peuvent être estimées et dans quelles conditions. Nous avons proposé un test pour l'ICS avec des données en grappes censurées. À notre connaissance, il s'agit du premier test sur le contexte de l'analyse de survie. Une étude de simulation a été réalisée pour évaluer la puissance du test et quelques exemples sont fournis à titre d'illustration.L'implémentation de chacun de ces développements est disponible sur https://github.com/AMeddis.
- Published
- 2020
11. Inference and validation of prognostic marker for correlated survival data with application to cancer
- Author
-
Meddis, Alessandra, Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Saclay, Aurélien Latouche, STAR, ABES, and Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)
- Subjects
Clustered data ,Time-To-Event ,Courbe ROC ,[SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,Survie ,Informative cluster size ,Effet centre ,[SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,Taille informative de grappes ,Meta-Analyses ,Donnèes en grappes ,ROC curve ,Meta-Analysis - Abstract
Clustered data often arises in medical research. These are characterized by correlations between observations belonging to the same cluster. Here, we discuss some extension to clustered data in different contexts: evaluating the performance of a candidate biomarker, and assessing the treatment effect in an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis with competing risks. The former was motivated by the IMENEO study, an IPD meta-analysis where the prognostic validity of the Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) was of interest. Our objective was to determine how well CTCs discriminates patients that died from the one that did not within the t-years, comparing individuals with same tumor stage. Although the covariate-specific time dependent ROC curve has been widely used for biomarker's discrimination, there is no methodology that can handle clusteres censored data. We proposed an estimator for the covariate-specific time dependent ROC curves and area under the ROC curve when clustered failure times are detected. We considered a shared frailty model for modeling the effect of the covariates and the biomarker on the outcome in order to account for the cluster effect. A simulation study was conducted and it showed negligible bias for the proposed estimator and a nonparametric one based on inverse probability censoring weighting, while a semiparametric estimator, ignoring the clustering, is markedly biased.We further considered an IPD meta-analysis with competing risks to assess the benefit of the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy on each competing endpoint for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Recommendations for the analysis of competing risks in the context of randomized clinical trials are well established. Surprisingly, no formal guidelines have been yet proposed to conduct an IPD meta-analysis with competing risk endpoints. To fill this gap, this work detailed: how to handle the heterogeneity between trials via a stratified regression model for competing risks and it highlights that the usual metrics of inconsistency to assess heterogeneity can readily be employed. The typical issues that arise with meta-analyses and the advantages due to the availability of patient-level characteristics were underlined. We proposed a landmark approach for the cumulative incidence function to investigate the impact of follow up on the treatment effect.The assumption of non informative cluster size was made in both the analyses. The cluster size is said to be informative when the outcome depends on the size of the cluster conditional on a set of covariates. Intuitively, a meta-analysis would meet this assumption. However, non informative cluster size is commonly assumed even though it may be not true in some situations and it leads to incorrect results. Informative cluster size (ICS) is a challenging problem and its presence has an impact on the choice of the correct methodology. We discussed more in details interpretation of results and which quantities can be estimated under which conditions. We proposed a test for ICS with censored clustered data. To our knowledge, this is the first test on the context of survival analysis. A simulation study was conducted to assess the power of the test and some illustrative examples were provided.The implementation of each of these developments are available at https://github.com/AMeddis., Les données de survie en grappes sont souvent recueillies dans le cadre de la recherche médicale. Elles sont caractérisées par des corrélations entre des observations appartenant à un même groupe. Ici, nous discutons des extensions a des données en grappes dans différents contextes : évaluation de la performance d'un biomarqueur candidat, et l’estimation de l'effet du traitement dans une méta-analyse sur données individuels (IPD) avec risques concurrents. La première a été motivée par l'étude IMENEO, une méta-analyse où l'intérêt portait sur la validité pronostique des cellules tumorales circulantes (CTCs). Notre objectif était de déterminer dans quelle mesure les CTCs discriminent les patients qui sont morts de ceux qui ne l'ont pas fait dans les t-années, en comparant des individus ayant le même stade de tumeur. Bien que la courbe ROC dépendante du temps ait été largement utilisée pour la discrimination des biomarqueurs, il n'existe pas de méthodologie permettant de traiter des données en grappes censurées. Nous proposons un estimateur pour les courbes ROC dépendantes du temps et pour l'AUC lorsque les temps d'évènements sont correlés. Nous avons employé un modèle de fragilité partagée pour modéliser l'effet des covariables et du biomarqueur sur la réponse afin de tenir compte de l'effet de la grappe. Une étude de simulation a été réalisée et a montré un biais négligeable pour l'estimateur proposé et pour un estimateur non paramétrique fondé sur la pondération par la probabilité inverse d’être censuré (IPCW), tandis qu'un estimateur semi-paramétrique, ignorant la structure en grappe est nettement biaisé.Nous avons également considéré une méta-analyse IPD pour quantifier le bénéfice de l'ajout de la chimiothérapie à la radiothérapie sur chaque risque concurrent pour les patients avec un carcinome nasopharyngien . Les recommandations pour l'analyse des risques concurrents dans le cadre d'essais cliniques randomisés sont bien établies. Étonnamment, aucune recommendation n'a encore été proposée pour l’anlayse d'une méta-analyse IPD avec les risque concurrents. Pour combler cette lacune, ce travail a détaillé la manière de traiter l'hétérogénéité entre les essais par un modèle de régression stratifié pour les risques concurrents et il souligne que les mesures standardes d'hétérogénéité pour évaluer l'incohérence peuvent facilement être utilisées. Les problèmes typiques qui se posent avec les méta-analyses et les avantages dus à la disponibilité des caractéristiques au niveau du patient ont été soulignées. Nous avons proposé une approche landmark pour la fonction d'incidence cumulée afin d'étudier l'impact du temps de suivi sur l'effet du traitement.L'hypothèse d'une taille de grappe non informative était faite dans les deux analyses. On dit que la taille de grappe est informative lorsque la variable réponse dépend de la taille de grappe conditionnellement à un ensemble de variables explicatives. Intuitivement, une méta-analyse répondrait à cette hypothèse. Cependant, la taille de grappe non informative est généralement supposée, même si elle peut être fausse dans certaines situations, ce qui conduit à des résultats incorrects. La taille des grappes informatives (ICS) est un problème difficile et sa présence a un impact sur le choix de la méthodologie. Nous avons discuté plus en détail de l'interprétation des résultats et des quantités qui peuvent être estimées et dans quelles conditions. Nous avons proposé un test pour l'ICS avec des données en grappes censurées. À notre connaissance, il s'agit du premier test sur le contexte de l'analyse de survie. Une étude de simulation a été réalisée pour évaluer la puissance du test et quelques exemples sont fournis à titre d'illustration.L'implémentation de chacun de ces développements est disponible sur https://github.com/AMeddis.
- Published
- 2020
12. Étude épidémiologique de la cardiomyopathie dilatée idiopathique en Tunisie
- Author
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Mahjoub, S., Mehri, S., Ourda, F., Boussaada, R., Zouari, B., and Ben Arab, S.
- Subjects
- *
CARDIOMYOPATHIES , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY , *EARLY medical intervention , *DISEASE prevalence , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *DIASTOLE (Cardiac cycle) , *BODY surface area - Abstract
Abstract: Aims of the study: Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) is a complex disease. The interest of this study were to investigate the epidemiology characteristics of the disease and to evaluate the prognostic echocardiographic markers by region in order to highlight the existence of genetic risk factors and/or environmental and to identify those patients who could benefit from early treatment and better care to avoid further complications of the disease. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study based on the Fischer exact and bilateral Mann-Whitney test. Results: We included 526 patients with dilated cardiomyopathies of them we detected 50 cases of IDC including 12 families: The average age was 39,3±15.2 years. The sex ratio was 2.6. Mean left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (DIVGd) was higher in patients from the North East region (44.3±6.2mm/m2). Using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve, we found a threshold value of 40mm/m2. The odds ratio associated with this cutoff was 9.2. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the prevalence and severity of IDC were higher in the North East region of Tunisia. Furthermore, large-scale prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. In confirmation of a higher prevalence, a genetic study should be undertaken in this region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2011
- Full Text
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13. A lipid-parameter-based index for estimating insulin sensitivity and identifying insulin resistance in a healthy population.
- Author
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Disse, E., Bastard, J.P., Bonnet, F., Maitrepierre, C., Peyrat, J., Louche-Pelissier, C., and Laville, M.
- Subjects
INSULIN resistance ,POPULATION health ,GLUCOSE tolerance tests ,BLOOD pressure ,DIABETES ,FATTY acids ,BIOMARKERS - Abstract
Copyright of Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Masson Editeur and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. A Contribuição do MMPI-2 para a predição do risco de violência
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Guadalupe Sánchez Crespo, Fernando Jiménez Gómez, and Amada Ampudia Rueda
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violencia ,homicidio ,courbe ROC ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,homicide ,Psicología ,ROC curve ,violência ,violence ,lcsh:Psychology ,MMPI ,curva ROC ,MMPI-2 ,General Psychology - Abstract
espanolEl presente estudio analiza la contribucion del MMPI-2 en la prediccion del riesgo de violencia. Un total de 574 participantes componen los dos grupos ya establecidos: el grupo “Homicida”, integrado por 287 reclusos condenados por homicidio que estan cumpliendo condena en diversas carceles del Distrito Federal y del Estado de Mexico, y el grupo “Nodelictivo”, formado por 287 participantes que no cometieron delito alguno, siendo un total de 215 varones y 72 mujeres en cada grupo. Se analizaron sus diferencias de medias, su tamano del efecto (d de Cohen) y la precision diagnostica aportada por la curva ROC en el conjunto de escalas del MMPI-2. Los resultados muestran las escalas con mayor incidencia potencial del riesgo de violencia. EnglishThe present study analyzes the contribution of the MMPI-2 in the prediction of the risk of violence. 574 participants compose the two groups: the “Homicidal” group, comprising 287 prisoners convicted of homicide and serving sentences in several prisons in Mexico City, and the “Non-criminal” group, comprising 287 participants who did not commit any crime. A total of 215 men and 72 women are in each group. Differences in means were analyzed and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were calculated. The ROC curve is used in the set of scales of the MMPI-2 to assess diagnostic accuracy. The results present the scales with greater potential impact of the risk of violence. francaisLa presente etude analyse la contribution de MMPI-2 dans la prediction du risque de violence. Au total, 574 participants constituent les deux groupes deja constitues: le groupe “Homicide”, compose de 287 detenus condamnes pour homicide qui purgent des peines dans diverses prisons du District federal et de l’Etat de Mexique, et du groupe “Non-criminel”, forme par 287 participants qui n’ont commis aucun crime, soit un total de 215 hommes et 72 femmes dans chaque groupe. Leurs differences de moyennes, leur taille d’effet (Cohen d) et la precision diagnostique fournie par la courbe ROC dans l’ensemble des echelles MMPI-2 ont ete analysees. Les resultats montrent les echelles avec l’incidence potentielle la plus elevee du risque de violence portuguesO presente estudo analisa a contribuicao do MMPI-2 na predicao do risco de violencia. Um total de 574 participantes compoem os dois grupos estabelecidos: o grupo “Homicida” e composto por 287 presos condenados por homicidios, que cumprem sentencas em varias prisoes do Distrito Federal e do Estado do Mexico, e o grupo “Nao-criminoso” e formado por 287 participantes que nao cometeram nenhum crime, sendo um total de 215 homens e 72 mulheres em cada grupo. Foram analisadas as diferencas nas medias, o tamanho do efeito (d de Cohen) e a precisao diagnostica fornecida pela curva ROC no conjunto das escalas de MMPI-2. Os resultados mostram as escalas com maior incidencia potencial de risco de violencia
- Published
- 2018
15. Comparison of the accuracy of six intraocular lens power calculation formulas for eyes of axial length exceeding 25.0mm.
- Author
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Stopyra W
- Subjects
- Axial Length, Eye, Biometry, Humans, Lens Implantation, Intraocular, Optics and Photonics, Refraction, Ocular, Retrospective Studies, Lenses, Intraocular, Phacoemulsification
- Abstract
Purpose: To compare intraocular lens power calculation formulas for eyes longer than 25.0mm in terms of absolute error and the percentages of postoperative emmetropia and hyperopia., Methods: The data for myopic patients who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification between October 2015 and June 2019 were reviewed. Intraocular lens power was calculated using Holladay 1, SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Holladay 2, Haigis, and Barrett Universal II formulas. The power of the lens implanted was based on Holladay 2. Three months after phacoemulsification, the refraction was measured, and the mean absolute error was calculated. The percentage of patients with good uncorrected visual acuity and percentage of hyperopic patients for each formula was established. ROC curves with a cut-off point of axial length were drawn for each formula and the area under the curve was evaluated., Results: Seventy patients (81 eyes) whose ocular axial length ranged between 25.01mm and 28.57mm were included. The Barrett Universal II formula achieved the lowest mean absolute error of 0.08±0.08D. Additionally, with the Barrett Universal II, the percentage of patients with good uncorrected visual acuity (81.5%) was the highest, and the percentage of hyperopic patients (4.9%) was the lowest. The Barrett Universal II and Holladay 1 formulas had the largest area under curve (0.764 and 0.718, respectively)., Conclusion: 1. The Barrett Universal II formula is recommended for intraocular lens power calculation for eyes with axial length greater than 25.0mm. 2. Considering the ROC curve method, the Barrett Universal II and Holladay 1 formulas appear to be the most appropriate., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)
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- 2021
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16. Localisation collaborative d’un système multi-robots avec détection et isolation de défauts capteurs basée sur la divergence de Kullback-Leibler
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AL HAGE, Joelle, El Badaoui El Najjar, Maan, Pomorski, Denis, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), and Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Filtre informationnel ,courbe ROC ,Seuillage ,[INFO.INFO-IT]Computer Science [cs]/Information Theory [cs.IT] ,Détection et isolation des defaults ,Divergence de Kullback-Leiber ,Localisation collaborative ,[SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic - Abstract
International audience; Dans cette dernière décennie, les systèmes Multi-Robot prennent une place importante dans des applications comme les missions militaires, la gestion des catastrophes naturelles ou dans de sauvetage afin de remplacer l’humain dans des situations dangereuses. Dans ce type d’application, à chaque instant, l’intégrité de la localisation des robots doit être assurée. Ceci peut être réalisé en intégrant une étape de détection et d’exclusion de défauts capteurs. Dans cet article, une méthode de Localisation Collaborative (LC) tolérante aux défauts capteurs, avec un procédé de seuillage optimisé, est proposée. L’estimateur utilisé dans ce travail est la forme informationnelle du filtre de Kalman (FK), à savoir le Filtre Informationnel (FI). Les résidus générés sont basés sur la Divergence de Kullback-Leibler (DKL) entre les distributions de probabilité prédites et corrigées par le FI. Ces résidus comprennent deux tests : l’un compare les moyennes et l’autre compare les matrices de covariance. L’optimisation du seuil, en utilisant le critère entropique et la caractéristique de fonctionnement du récepteur (fréquemment désigné par la courbe ROC), est développée. Les contributions principales de ce papier : - Développement d’une méthode permettant simultanément la localisation collaborative ainsi que la détection et l’isolation des défauts capteurs, - Génération des résidus basés sur la divergence de Kullback-Leibler, - Optimisation du seuil avec des métriques informationnelles, -Validation avec des données réelles issues d’un groupe de Turtlebots instrumentés.
- Published
- 2017
17. L'Inventaire des risques et des besoins liés aux facteurs criminogènes (IRBC) : évaluation des propriétés métriques de l'instrument
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St-Louis, Sophie and Guay, Jean-Pierre
- Subjects
Courbe ROC ,Predictive validity ,Validité prédictive ,Survival analyses ,Young offenders ,ROC curves ,Analyses de survie ,Jeunes contrevenants ,Évaluation de risque ,Risk assessment - Abstract
L’Inventaire des risques et des besoins liés aux facteurs criminogènes (IRBC) est un instrument utilisé depuis le début des années 1990 pour évaluer les risques de récidive des jeunes contrevenants québécois. Il est le produit d’une collaboration du Québec avec l’Ontario, survenue dans le cadre de travaux de recherche effectués sur les instruments d’évaluation du risque de récidive des jeunes contrevenants. L’IRBC est donc le seul instrument précisément conçu pour évaluer les risques de récidive des jeunes contrevenants québécois et il n’a jamais fait l’objet d’une démarche visant à tester sa validité prédictive. Le but de ce projet de mémoire est de tester la validité prédictive de l’IRBC. Des analyses de courbes ROC et des analyses de survie ont été utilisées pour tester les propriétés métriques de l’instrument. Ces analyses suggèrent que, dans l’ensemble, l’IRBC arrive à prédire la récidive de façon acceptable. Quatre des huit grands domaines associés à la récidive, communément appelé BIG FOUR, seraient des prédicteurs modérés de la récidive lorsque testés avec les données issues de l’IRBC. Il s’agit des domaines Antécédents, Pairs, Personnalité-Comportements, et Attitudes-Tendances. Des aspects en lien avec la fidélité de l’instrument témoignent toutefois d’irrégularités dans le processus d’évaluation, ce qui interroge le niveau de rigueur maintenu au jour le jour par les professionnels. Des aspects en lien avec la fidélité de l’IRBC demeureraient à investiguer., The Inventaire des risques et des besoins liés aux facteurs criminogènes (IRBC) is a test used since the early 1990s to assess young offenders’s risk of recidivism in Quebec. It is the product of a collaboration between Quebec and Ontario which occurred in the context of research work on instruments used to evaluate young offenders’s risk of recidivism. The IRBC is the only instrument specifically designed to assess the risk of recidivism of young offenders in Quebec and has never been subject of a predictive validity study. The aim of this master project is to test the predictive validity of the IRBC. ROC curves analysis and survival analysis were used to test the metric properties of the instrument. The results suggest that overall the IRBC is capable of predicting recidivism acceptably. Four of the eight domains associated with criminal recidivism, commonly called BIG FOUR, would be moderate predictors of recidivism when tested with data from the IRBC. These are Antécédents, Pairs, Personnalité-Comportements, and Attitudes-Tendances. However, aspects related to the fidelity of the instrument show irregularities in the assessment process, which questioned the rigor maintained daily by professionals. Aspects related to the fidelity of the IRBC would remain to be investigated.
- Published
- 2016
18. Multimarkers approach in emergency medicine
- Author
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Freund, Yonathan, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, Pierre Hausfater, Bruno Riou, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Biomarqueurs ,Courbe ROC ,[SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO] ,Sepsis ,[SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO] ,Acute coronary syndrome ,Syndrome coronaire aigu ,Médecine d'urgence ,Biomarkers ,Convulsions - Abstract
The added value of biomarkers in the emergency settings is well reported, in various pathologies. Since the burst of myoglobin and troponine for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI), various biomarkers have been developed and adopted for diagnostic purposes in different pathologies. Some of them are part of the very definition of specific syndrom or disease (MI with troponin, or severe sepsis with lactate). We present here the multimarker approach in the emergency department – a strategy that combines the results of several different biomarkers to enhance diagnostic or prognostic performances. We made the hypothesis that the association of a sensitive and generalist biomarker, with an organ or syndrome specific one, would result in better performances.We illustrate here this strategy in three particular cases: the prediction of severe sepsis, the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, and the risk stratification after a convulsive seizure. Several methods are considered for the combination of biomarkers, and we will focus on the determination of the best linear combination., L'apport des biomarqueurs aux urgences est bien documenté. Depuis l'apparition de la myoglobine et de la troponine pour le diagnostic de syndrome coronaire aigu (SCA), de multiples marqueurs ont été développés pour l'aide au diagnostic de multiples pathologies aux urgences. Certains biomarqueurs sont même intégrés à la définition de syndromes ou pathologies comme le SCA avec la troponine, ou le sepsis sévère avec le lactate. Nous abordons dans ce travail l'approche multimarqueurs, qui consiste à combiner le dosage de plusieurs biomarqueurs pour améliorer les performances diagnostiques ou pronostiques. L'hypothèse de base de ce travail est que l'association d'un marqueur sensible, généraliste, avec un marqueur spécifique de pathologie ou de dysfonction d'organe, permettrait d'améliorer la prise en charge diagnostique ou la stratification du risque aux urgences. On illustre cette approche dans trois cas particuliers : la prédiction du sepsis sévère, le diagnostic du syndrome coronaire aigu, et l'évaluation du risque après une crise convulsive. Plusieurs méthodes sont envisagées pour combiner plusieurs biomarqueurs, et on développera ici la détermination de la meilleure combinaison linéaire pour obtenir une discrimination optimale.
- Published
- 2015
19. Approche multimarqueurs en médecine d'urgence
- Author
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Freund, Yonathan, STAR, ABES, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, Pierre Hausfater, and Bruno Riou
- Subjects
Biomarqueurs ,Courbe ROC ,[SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO] ,Sepsis ,[SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO] ,Acute coronary syndrome ,Syndrome coronaire aigu ,Médecine d'urgence ,Biomarkers ,Convulsions - Abstract
The added value of biomarkers in the emergency settings is well reported, in various pathologies. Since the burst of myoglobin and troponine for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI), various biomarkers have been developed and adopted for diagnostic purposes in different pathologies. Some of them are part of the very definition of specific syndrom or disease (MI with troponin, or severe sepsis with lactate). We present here the multimarker approach in the emergency department – a strategy that combines the results of several different biomarkers to enhance diagnostic or prognostic performances. We made the hypothesis that the association of a sensitive and generalist biomarker, with an organ or syndrome specific one, would result in better performances.We illustrate here this strategy in three particular cases: the prediction of severe sepsis, the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, and the risk stratification after a convulsive seizure. Several methods are considered for the combination of biomarkers, and we will focus on the determination of the best linear combination., L'apport des biomarqueurs aux urgences est bien documenté. Depuis l'apparition de la myoglobine et de la troponine pour le diagnostic de syndrome coronaire aigu (SCA), de multiples marqueurs ont été développés pour l'aide au diagnostic de multiples pathologies aux urgences. Certains biomarqueurs sont même intégrés à la définition de syndromes ou pathologies comme le SCA avec la troponine, ou le sepsis sévère avec le lactate. Nous abordons dans ce travail l'approche multimarqueurs, qui consiste à combiner le dosage de plusieurs biomarqueurs pour améliorer les performances diagnostiques ou pronostiques. L'hypothèse de base de ce travail est que l'association d'un marqueur sensible, généraliste, avec un marqueur spécifique de pathologie ou de dysfonction d'organe, permettrait d'améliorer la prise en charge diagnostique ou la stratification du risque aux urgences. On illustre cette approche dans trois cas particuliers : la prédiction du sepsis sévère, le diagnostic du syndrome coronaire aigu, et l'évaluation du risque après une crise convulsive. Plusieurs méthodes sont envisagées pour combiner plusieurs biomarqueurs, et on développera ici la détermination de la meilleure combinaison linéaire pour obtenir une discrimination optimale.
- Published
- 2015
20. Une comparaison de quatre techniques d'inférence des refusés dans le processus d'octroi de crédit
- Author
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Asma Guizani, Besma Souissi, Salwa Benammou, Gilbert Saporta, Institut Supérieur de Gestion Sousse, Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), Université de Sousse, CEDRIC. Méthodes statistiques de data-mining et apprentissage (CEDRIC - MSDMA), Centre d'études et de recherche en informatique et communications (CEDRIC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Université de Monastir (Université de Monastir), and CEDRIC, Laboratoire
- Subjects
reweighting ,Joint classification ,reclassification itérative ,courbe ROC ,[MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST] ,classification mixte ,Credit scoring ,repondération ,[MATH.MATH-ST] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST] ,iterative reclassification ,parceling ,ROC curve - Abstract
International audience; L 'objectif principal des techniques d?inférence des refusés est de corriger le biais de sélection résultant d?un modèle construit sur la base d?un échantillon non représentatif de la population globale. Cette communication a pour but de présenter une comparaison expérimentale de quatre techniques (La repondération, le parceling, la classification mixte et la reclassification itérative) pour remédier au problème du biais de sélection.
- Published
- 2013
21. Early prediction of treatment efficacy in second-stage gambiense human African trypanosomiasis
- Author
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François Chappuis, Jean-François Etard, Laurence Flevaud, Mathieu Bastard, and Gerardo Priotto
- Subjects
Male ,Time Factors ,Multivariate analysis ,Trypanosoma brucei gambiense ,Logistic regression ,Leukocyte Count ,Medicine ,African trypanosomiasis ,Young adult ,Stage (cooking) ,Cerebrospinal Fluid ,ANALYSE STATISTIQUE ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Treatment Outcome ,Infectious Diseases ,Female ,Public Health ,Drug Monitoring ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Adolescent ,Clinical Research Design ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,COURBE ROC ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,TRAITEMENT MEDICAL ,Young Adult ,Diagnostic Medicine ,ALGORITHME ,Internal medicine ,SURVEILLANCE ,Parasitic Diseases ,Humans ,TRYPANOSOMIASE HUMAINE ,Clinical Trials ,EFFICACITE ,ddc:613 ,business.industry ,THEORIE DU SIGNAL ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Clinical trial ,Trypanosomiasis, African ,Africa ,business ,Trypanosomiasis - Abstract
Background Human African trypanosomiasis is fatal without treatment. The long post-treatment follow-up (24 months) required to assess cure complicates patient management and is a major obstacle in the development of new therapies. We analyzed individual patient data from 12 programs conducted by Médecins Sans Frontières in Uganda, Sudan, Angola, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo and Democratic Republic of Congo searching for early efficacy indicators. Methodology/Principal Findings Patients analyzed had confirmed second-stage disease with complete follow-up and confirmed outcome (cure or relapse), and had CSF leucocytes counts (CSFLC) performed at 6 months post-treatment. We excluded patients with uncertain efficacy outcome: incomplete follow-up, death, relapse diagnosed with CSFLC below 50/µL and no trypanosomes. We analyzed the 6-month CSFLC via receiver-operator-characteristic curves. For each cut-off value we calculated sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−). We assessed the association of the optimal cut-off with the probability of relapsing via random-intercept logistic regression. We also explored two-step (6 and 12 months) composite algorithms using the CSFLC. The most accurate cut-off to predict outcome was 10 leucocytes/µL (n = 1822, 76.2% sensitivity, 80.4% specificity, 3.89 LR+, 0.29 LR−). Multivariate analysis confirmed its association with outcome (odds ratio = 17.2). The best algorithm established cure at 6 months with = 50 leucocytes/µL; patients between these values were discriminated at 12 months by a 20 leucocytes/µL cut-off (n = 2190, 87.4% sensitivity, 97.7% specificity, 37.84 LR+, 0.13 LR−). Conclusions/Significance The 6-month CSFLC can predict outcome with some limitations. Two-step algorithms enhance the accuracy but impose 12-month follow-up for some patients. For early estimation of efficacy in clinical trials and for individual patients in the field, several options exist that can be used according to priorities., Author Summary Because Human African trypanosomiasis is fatal, it is crucial for the patient to determine if curative treatment has been effective. Unfortunately this is not possible without a 24-month laboratory follow-up, which is problematic and largely unaccomplished in the field reality. Studies that assessed early indicators have used small cohorts, yielding limited statistical power plus potential bias because of including patients with equivocal outcome. We tackled this problem by pooling a large dataset which allowed for selecting cases providing strictly unequivocal information, still numerous enough to produce sound statistical evidence. We studied predictors based on the CSF leucocytes count, a laboratory technique already available in the field, evaluating their predictive power at 6 and 12 months post-treatment. We found a predictor at 6 months (10 leucocytes/µL of CSF) that has sub-optimal accuracy but may be valuable in some particular situations, plus two-step algorithms at 6 and 12 months that offer sufficient confidence to shorten the patients' follow-up. Until better biomarkers are identified, these findings represent a significant advance for this neglected disease. Benefits are foreseen both for patients and for overburdened treatment facilities. In addition, research for new treatments can be accelerated by using early predictors.
- Published
- 2012
22. Évaluation d’un prototype de détecteur de glucose dans le tissu interstitiel sans aiguille, le PGS (Photonic Glucose Sensor)
- Author
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Iglesias Rodriguez, Lorena L. and Chiasson, Jean Louis
- Subjects
Courbe ROC ,«Clark Error Grid» ,Type 1 diabetes ,CGMS ,Diabetes ,Diabète ,PGS (Photonic Glucose Sensor) ,Mesure continue de glucose ,Continuous glucose monitoring ,ROC curve ,Diabète de type 1 - Abstract
Objectif : Déterminer la fiabilité et la précision d’un prototype d’appareil non invasif de mesure de glucose dans le tissu interstitiel, le PGS (Photonic Glucose Sensor), en utilisant des clamps glycémiques multi-étagés. Méthodes : Le PGS a été évalué chez 13 sujets avec diabète de type 1. Deux PGS étaient testés par sujet, un sur chacun des triceps, pour évaluer la sensibilité, la spécificité, la reproductibilité et la précision comparativement à la technique de référence (le Beckman®). Chaque sujet était soumis à un clamp de glucose multi-étagé de 8 heures aux concentrations de 3, 5, 8 et 12 mmol/L, de 2 heures chacun. Résultats : La corrélation entre le PGS et le Beckman® était de 0,70. Pour la détection des hypoglycémies, la sensibilité était de 63,4%, la spécificité de 91,6%, la valeur prédictive positive (VPP) 71,8% et la valeur prédictive négative (VPN) 88,2%. Pour la détection de l’hyperglycémie, la sensibilité était de 64,7% et la spécificité de 92%, la VPP 70,8% et la VPN : 89,7%. La courbe ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) démontrait une précision de 0,86 pour l’hypoglycémie et de 0,87 pour l’hyperglycémie. La reproductibilité selon la « Clark Error Grid » était de 88% (A+B). Conclusion : La performance du PGS était comparable, sinon meilleure que les autres appareils sur le marché(Freestyle® Navigator, Medtronic Guardian® RT, Dexcom® STS-7) avec l’avantage qu’il n’y a pas d’aiguille. Il s’agit donc d’un appareil avec beaucoup de potentiel comme outil pour faciliter le monitoring au cours du traitement intensif du diabète. Mot clés : Diabète, diabète de type 1, PGS (Photonic Glucose Sensor), mesure continue de glucose, courbe ROC, « Clark Error Grid»., Objective: To determine the reliability and precision of a prototype of a non-invasive device for continuous measurement of interstitial glucose, the PGS (Photonic Glucose Sensor), using multi-level glycaemic clamp. Methods: The PGS was evaluated in 13 subjects with type 1 diabetes. Two PGS were tested with each subject, one on each triceps, to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and accuracy compared to the reference technique, the glucose analyzer Beckman®. Each subject was submitted to a multi-level 8 hour glucose clamp at 3, 5, 8 and 12 mmol / L, 2 hours each. Results: The correlation between the PGS and the Beckman® was 0.70. For the detection of hypoglycaemia, the sensitivity was 63.4%, the specificity 91.6%, the positive predictive value (PPV) 71.8% and the negative predictive value (NPV) 88.2%. For the detection of hyperglycaemia, the sensitivity was 64.7% the specificity 92%, the PPV 70.8% and the NPV: 89.7%. The ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) curve showed an accuracy of 0.86 and 0.87 for hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia respectively. Reproducibility according to the Clark Error Grid was 88% in the A and B zone. Conclusion: The performance of the PGS was comparable or better than other continuous glucose monitoring devices on the market (Freestyle® Navigator, Medtronic Guardian® RT, Dexcom® STS-7) with the advantage that it has no needle. It is therefore an interesting device and hopefully, which could facilitate the monitoring in the intensive treatment of diabetes. Key words: Diabetes, type 1 diabetes, PGS (Photonic Glucose Sensor), ROC curve, Clark Error Grid, continuous glucose monitoring, CGMS.
- Published
- 2011
23. L'évaluation du risque de récidive chez les agresseurs sexuels adultes
- Author
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Parent, Geneviève and Guay, Jean-Pierre
- Subjects
Arbre de classification et de régression ,Courbe ROC ,Recidivism ,Délinquance sexuelle ,RoC curve ,Classification and regression tree ,Sexual delinquency ,Évaluation du risque ,Récidive ,Prédiction ,Prediction ,Risk assessment - Abstract
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
- Published
- 2009
24. Financial benefit of using crop protection decision rules over systematic spraying strategies
- Author
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Jonathan Yuen, Manuel Plantegenest, Frédéric Fabre, Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,AGENT PHYTOPATHOGENE ,Phytopathology and phytopharmacy ,LUTTE INTEGREE ,CONTROL STRATEGIES ,ROC CURVE ,INTEGRATED CROP PROTECTION ,DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM ,ANALYSE COUT BENEFICE ,ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE ,COURBE ROC ,CONTROLE ,Decision tree ,Plant Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,prévision de rendement ,03 medical and health sciences ,économie de la production ,Business decision mapping ,Average cost ,modélisation ,030304 developmental biology ,Finance ,stratégie ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,aide à la décision ,prévision des risques ,Evidential reasoning approach ,Decision rule ,Phytopathologie et phytopharmacie ,innovation ,[SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy ,Quantitative analysis (finance) ,indicateur ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Optimal decision ,Decision analysis - Abstract
Fabre, F., Plantegenest, M., and Yuen, J. 2007. Financial benefit of using crop protection decision rules over systematic spraying strategies. Phytopathology 97:1484-1490. Decision rule models are considered to be one of the main cornerstones of the implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Even if the need for such programs to offer cost advantages over conventional strategies is a major incentive for IPM adoption, few studies focus on this financial dimension. In this article, a modeling approach of the response of a pathosystem to a disease control method and of the predictive performance of decision rules is used to explore how some basic factors act on the likelihood of adoption of decision rule models strategies (such as using an IPM system) over systematic strategies (such as systematic-spraying and never-spraying strategies). Even if the average cost of using the decision rule strategies is always lower than the average cost of systematic strategies in several different scenarios, the models developed here showed strong effects of different pathosystems and decision rules on financial benefits. The number of production situations where decision rules are of interest is highly correlated with their accuracy. However, because of the inescapable trade-offs between decision rule accuracy and limiting factors such as its user-friendly characteristics, the use of decision rules is unlikely to reduce costs to
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Contribution à l'évaluation de capacités pronostiques en présence de données censurées, de risques concurrents et de marqueurs longitudinaux : inférence et applications à la prédiction de la démence
- Author
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BLANCHE, Paul, Jacqmin-Gadda, Hélène, Bordes, Laurent, Dartigues, Jean-François, Commenges, Daniel, Foucher, Yohann, and Guilloux, Agathe
- Subjects
Courbe ROC ,Risques concurrents ,Brier score ,Alzheimer ,Démence ,Censure ,Marqueurs longitudinaux ,Prédiction
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