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Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Seeking to understand the defense mechanisms of tilapia to assist in the health management of fish farms, associated with the lack of information on the use of COX-2 inhibitors in teleost fish, this study aimed to identify important aspects involved in the pathophysiology of the chronic inflammatory reaction in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, by evaluating the antiinflammatory activity of celecoxib on the kinetics of migration and formation of gigantocytes in the foreign body response. For this purpose, 72 tilapia were used (Oreochromis niloticus), placed in 9 aquariums (n=8), with a capacity of 100 L of water each, consisting of the following treatments: Control - subjected to inflammatory stimulus without treatment with Celecoxib; TC - Conventional treatment with oral administration of 3mg/kg of Celecoxib after inflammatory stimulus; TP - Prolonged treatment with oral administration of 3mg/kg of Celecoxib for one week before and continuously after the inflammatory stimulus. 8 animals were evaluated per treatment in three periods, that is: 2, 4 and 8 days post-implantation (DPI) of the coverslips, with blood samples being collected to perform the differential leukocyte count in blood extensions, as well as collecting the coverslips. for cytological study. In the later phase of the inflammatory process (8DPI), a decrease in the cellular accumulation of macrophages and formation of polykaryotes was observed on the coverslips of tilapia treated with celecoxib, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effect of this COX-2 inhibitor, associated with a significant decrease in the number of circulating monocytes in animals receiving conventional treatment. Tilapia treated with celecoxib (TC and TP) showed a significant decrease in total leukocyte count in the initial phase of the inflammatory process (2DPI), characterized by neutropenia and lymphopenia. Therefore, both treatment protocols (TC and TP) with 3mg/kg of celecoxib modulated the foreign body-type inflammatory response of tilapia by acting on the kinetics of macrophage accumulation and formation of polykaryotes on glass coverslips implanted in the subcutaneous tissue, demonstrating a correlation to the dynamics of circulating leukocytes. These results help to understand the role of prostanoids during the chronic inflammatory reaction of tilapia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lingual tonsils are normal components of the oropharynx localized at the base of the tongue, which sometimes can become enlarged by inflammation. This may be a cause of unexpected difficult airway, considering most patients are asymptomatic and this supraglottic mass is not usually detected during a routine preoperative airway assessment. Commonly described in adults, there are limited reports in pediatric patients. We describe a case of a 12 years old boy diagnosed with a cerebellar brain tumor that was scheduled for a resection. The first surgery was postponed because of respiratory complications as a result of unexpected difficult airway due to lingual tonsil hypertrophy. His surgery was rescheduled and a plan for airway management was laid out: fibroscopic intubation with spontaneous ventilation. Considering this is a problem that cannot be identified by regular airway examination, we should be aware of the most effective ways to manage the situation as it arises., (Copyright © 2019 Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Erector spinae plane block has been recently described and it appears as a very promising regional analgesia technique. We report the first continuous erector spinae plane block performed in a pediatric patient for thoracic surgery. A 15-month-old boy, diagnosed with a paracardiac teratoma was scheduled for a tumor resection with a thoracotomy approach. After general anesthesia induction, a continuous erector spinae plane block at T5 level was performed with ropivacaine 0.2%. After surgery, a continuous thoracic interfascial infusion of ropivacaine 0.1% along with multimodal rescue analgesia was initiated. The patient tolerated the procedure well with no complications. It appears that this is a good alternative to thoracic epidural and paravertebral block, given the simple reproducibility and potential greater safety of this technique., (Copyright © 2017 Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To analyze the effect of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program (PRP) on the levels of anxiety and depression and the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease., Method: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who completed the PRP of 3 weekly sessions of 60 min duration for 12 weeks, a total of 36 sessions, were assessed using Beck Inventory (BAI and BDI) and Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)., Results: A total of 125 individuals, with an average age of 63.7 ± 8.8 years, FEV1: 1.17 ± 0.57L (43.18 ± 18.79% predicted), 61.6% male and 38.4% female, were analyzed. The BAI and BDI before and after PRP were, respectively, 10.15 ± 6.32 vs. 7.67 ± 7.21; p=0.0041 and 12.60 ± 7.99 vs. 8.96 ± 7.29; p=0.00016. The results of the SGRQ domains were, respectively, Before and After symptoms (48.53 ± 20.41 vs. 32.58 ± 18.95), Activity (69.15 ± 20.79 vs. 52.42 ± 23.70), Impact (32.92 ± 18.29 vs. 20.27 ± 16.70), Total (46.69 ± 16.90 vs. 32.07 ± 16.96). When correlating the BDI to the domains of the SGRQ, weak correlations were observed (Symptoms r=0.22; p=0.01; Activity r=0.28; p=0.001; Impact r=0.52; p=2.72; Total r=0.44; p=0.17). In the same way, weak correlations were observed when correlating the BAI to the SGRQ (Symptoms r=0.28; p=0.0009; Activity r=0.32; p=0.0005; Impact r=0.42; p=7.33; Total r=0.43; p=0.74)., Conclusion: Although the PRP improves levels of depression and anxiety as well as the quality of life in patients with COPD, no significant correlation of these analyzed variables was observed., (Copyright © 2013 Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.)

The chorionic girdle of the equine conceptus is comprised of specialized trophoblast cells which, at day 36-38 of equine pregnancy, gain an invasive phenotype and invade the endometrium to form endometrial cups. Studies of equine endometrial cups remain difficult to perform because of the invasive techniques required to obtain cup tissue and because sampling requires termination of the pregnancy. In this study we developed a system to model trophoblast differentiation and trophoblast-immune interactions in vitro and in vivo. We utilized a method of culturing chorionic girdle pieces in serum-free medium to promote spontaneous formation of vesicle structures enriched for terminally differentiated binucleate cells that secreted equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG). Immunohistochemical staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that the cells of the vesicles closely resembled the outer layers of chorionic girdle immediately prior to invasion. Chorionic girdle vesicles were harvested after 72h in culture and ectopically transplanted via injection into the vulvar mucosa of recipient mares. At 7, 14, 21 and 28days after transplantation, biopsies of the injection sites were obtained. Immunohistochemical labeling of cryostat sections of the biopsies with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to horse trophoblast molecules demonstrated survival, differentiation, and presence of trophoblast cells for at least 21days. Serial sections of the biopsies labeled with antibodies to the equine lymphocyte surface markers CD4 and CD8, together with lymphocyte microcytotoxicity assays, revealed that the recipients mounted both cellular and humoral antibody immune responses to the transplanted trophoblast cells. This new method for culturing equine chorionic girdle trophoblast cells, and for transplanting trophoblast vesicles to ectopic sites, should allow identification of key aspects of trophoblast differentiation and the interactions that occur between invasive trophoblast and the maternal immune system.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of plaque control performed with electric and manual toothbrushes. Fifteen children with primary dentition and 14 children with mixed dentition were divided in two groups and randomly assigned to utilize a manual or an electric toothbrush. In the first session, professional plaque removal was performed, and the children spent 24 hours without brushing their teeth. In the second session, plaque was disclosed and assessed on all facial and lingual surfaces. After that, all children brushed their teeth with the predetermined toothbrush. The next procedure was the disclosure and measurement of residual plaque. After a period of 7 days, the children switched the kind of toothbrush, and the same procedures were repeated. According to the statistical analysis of the results, there were no significant differences concerning plaque removal when the toothbrushes were utilized by children with mixed dentition. On the other hand, the electric toothbrush promoted significantly greater plaque removal on the lingual surfaces of teeth from children with primary dentition.

A 47-year-old man with a six-month history of progressive tetraparesis and sphincter disturbances developed tetraplegy after two years and died. A cervical MRI revealed an ill-defined, enhancing lesion from C1 to C6, internally attached to the dura mater and compressing the spinal cord. At necropsy, eight whitish nodes and diffuse thickening of the dura mater from C1 to C6 were found. Histological studies revealed multiple en plaque lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningiomas. The radiologic and pathologic aspects of lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma are reviewed and the atypical features of this case, such as macroscopic appearance and the histological variant, are described.

The dynamic changes of plasma acylcarnitine levels in 1- to 7-y-old children during fasting and after the ingestion of sunflower oil were studied. Glucose, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, FFA, and individual plasma acylcarnitine levels were monitored in both conditions. Fasting experiments lasted for 20 h, and acylcarnitine concentrations were analyzed at 0, 15, and 20 h of fasting. During the fat load, acylcarnitine levels were analyzed at 0, 60, 120, and 180 min. In both tests, a generalized increase of all plasma straight-chain acylcarnitines was observed. Acetylcarnitine contributed the most to the increase of total esterified carnitine. In addition, we demonstrated that the relative increase of each individual acylcarnitine during enhanced fatty acid oxidation is tightly related to its molecular structure and chain length. Fasting as well as the fat load primarily resulted in an increase of unsaturated acylcarnitines. During fasting, C(12:1) and C(14:1) showed a relatively high increase, whereas after the fat load C(16:2) and C(14:2), metabolites of linoleic acid (66% of the fat load), were the main acylcarnitines that increased.

Myelin phagocytosis during Wallerian degeneration and immune-mediated demyelination depends on the action of mononuclear cells of the monocyte/macrophage system. The present study investigated the role of the macrophage scavenger receptor, a trimeric membrane glycoprotein, in myelin uptake by macrophages. Two in vitro models of myelin phagocytosis were used: an organ culture model of mouse peripheral nerves exposed to cocultured macrophages and a quantitative flow cytometric assay. Different concentrations of the monoclonal rat anti-mouse scavenger receptor antibody (2F8) were applied to these systems to selectively block the macrophage scavenger receptor. Concentration-dependent effects on macrophage migration and myelin uptake were seen when the macrophage scavenger receptor was blocked by the antibody 2F8. Low concentrations reduced myelin phagocytosis by the invading macrophages; higher concentrations completely abolished macrophage invasion of the nerves. Using a quantitative flow cytometric assay it was also shown that the 2F8 antibody inhibits phagocytosis of myelin in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that the macrophage scavenger receptor is involved in myelin phagocytosis by macrophages.