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Resumen El presente trabajo destaca la importancia de la Teoría del Caos en la toma de decisiones empresariales en mercados complejos y volátiles. La física cuántica, en particular el entrelazamiento cuántico, ofrece una nueva perspectiva sobre las complejas interacciones en estos mercados. En lugar de estudiar sistemas aislados, la Teoría del Caos nos enseña a entender las correlaciones entre sistemas en un estado cuántico, lo que nos permite tomar decisiones informadas en un entorno incierto y cambiante. Además, se destaca que las organizaciones tienen su propio movimiento y que cada uno de los sistemas es complejo en sí mismo. La teoría del caos se enfoca en lo complejo, en lo no lineal, en los estudios que no siguen una línea de tendencia. Se aborda también sobre los puntos de bifurcación y cómo se pueden observar en las gráficas, y cómo se utilizó el modelo logístico para estudiar el crecimiento empresarial y emprendedor en el mercado ecuatoriano. En conclusión, la Teoría del Caos es una herramienta útil para la toma de decisiones en mercados complejos y volátiles. Abstract This paper highlights the importance of Chaos Theory in business decision making in complex and volatile markets. Quantum physics, in particular quantum entanglement, offers a new perspective on the complex interactions in these markets. Instead of studying isolated systems, Chaos Theory teaches us to understand the correlations between systems in a quantum state, allowing us to make informed decisions in an uncertain and changing environment. In addition, it is highlighted that organizations have their own movement and that each of the systems is complex in itself. Chaos theory focuses on the complex, on the non-linear, on studies that do not follow a trend line. It also addresses the bifurcation points and how they can be observed in the graphs, and how the logistic model was used to study business and entrepreneurial growth in the Ecuadorian market. In conclusion, Chaos Theory is a useful tool for decision making in complex and volatile markets., Conferencia Magistral presentada en el Primer Congreso Internacional Multidisciplinario "Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación: Una mirada multidisciplinaria a los desafíos globales de la Agenda 2030", del 13 al 15 de octubre de 2022., {"references":["Alshammari, M., Pavlovic, M., & AL Qaied, B. (2016). Chaos Theory in Strategy Research. American Journal of Business and Management, 5(1), 1-13. https://worldscholars.org/index.php/ajbm/article/download/728/pdf/1886","Devi, M., Kar, B., & Chhanda, M. (2022, 22 March). Chaos and complexity: entrepreneurial planning during pandemic. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 12, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40497-022-00306-4","Fragouli, E. (2016). Leading business organizations in the global era: Decision making in chaos and crisis situations. East-West Journal of Economic and Business, 19(2), 73-89. https://www.u-picardie.fr/eastwest/fichiers/art205.pdf","Pusceddu, G., Moi, L., & Cabiddu, F. (2022, 31 August). The intersection between SMEs' business strategies and the phases of unexpected events: a systematic review of the literature. Synergies Italian Journal of Management, 40(2), 63-86. https://doi.org/10.7433/s118.2022.04","Unsal, Y., & Altindag, E. (2021). The effect of chaos modern strategic management techniques on firm performance. Journal of Business, Economics and Finance, 10(2), 72-87. http://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2021.1406"]}

A perturbed system relaxes towards an equilibrium given by a minimum in the potential-energy landscape. This often occurs by thermally activated jumps over metastable states. The corresponding dynamics is called creep and follows Arrhenius' law. Here we consider the situation where the equilibrium position itself depends on temperature. We show that this effect occurs in the vortex lattice of the anisotropic superconductor 2H-NbSe2 when the magnetic field is tilted away from the principal axes, and that it leads to the peculiar appearance of creep when cooling the sample. Temperature determines the system's equilibrium state and at the same time brings the system back to equilibrium, playing a dual and antagonistic role. We expect that cooling-induced creep occurs in correlated systems with many degrees of freedom, allowing one to tune the equilibrium state via heat treatment., Physical Review Research, 2 (1), ISSN:2643-1564

Collective electronic fluctuations in correlated materials give rise to various important phenomena, such as existence of the charge ordering, superconductivity, Mott insulating and magnetic phases, plasmon and magnon modes, and other interesting features of such systems. Unfortunately, description of these correlation effects requires significant efforts, since they almost entirely rely on strong local and nonlocal electron-electron interactions. Some collective phenomena, such as magnetism, can be sufficiently described by a simple Heisenberg-like models that are formulated in terms of bosonic variables. This fact suggests that other many-body excitations can also be described by simple bosonic models in spirit of the Heisenberg theory. Here we derive an effective bosonic action for charge degrees of freedom for the extended Hubbard model and define a physical regime where the obtained action reduces to a classical Hamiltonian of an effective Ising model.

Fil: Tesler, Federico Ariel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.

The X-ray absorption spectra of actinides are discussed with an emphasis on the fundamental effects that influence their spectral shape, including atomic multiplet theory, charge transfer theory and crystal field theory. Many actinide spectra consist of a single peak and it is shown that the use of resonant inelastic X-ray emission spectra (RIXS) has the potential to reveal many new features in the X-ray absorption spectra of actinides. The new range of RIXS beamlines will allow the determination of new structures in the X-ray absorption spectra that have been hitherto invisible. This has the potential to become an important tool in the determination of the electronic structure of actinides.

A strong anisotropic distribution of the holes in Ni 3d and O 2p orbitals is observed in the polarization dependent O1s and Ni2p3/2 x-ray absorption spectroscopy of the linear-chain nickelate Y1-xCaxBaNiO5 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2), which demonstrates the one-dimensional nature of the electronic state in these compounds. Furthermore, the additional holes introduced by Ca-doping occupy both O 2p and Ni 3d orbitals along the NiO5 chains. By comparing the experimental Ni 2p3/2 absorption spectra of Y1-xCaxBaNiO5 to those from charge transfer multiplet calculations we can derive the orbital character of the additional holes to be of ca. 60% O2p and ca. 40% Ni 3d.

We show that the charge transfer excitons in a Hubbard model system including nearest-neighbor Coulomb interactions effectively attain some charge in doped systems and become visible in photoelectron and inverse photoelectron spectroscopies. This shows that the description of a doped system by an extended Hubbard model differs substantially from that of a simple Hubbard model. Longer-range Coulomb interactions cause satellites in the one-electron removal and addition spectra and the appearance of spectral weight in the gap of doped systems at energies corresponding to the excitons of the undoped systems. The spectral weight of the satellites is proportional to the doping times the coordination number and therefore is strongly dependent on the dimension.

The discovery in 2008 of superconductivity at a rather high temperature in the iron pnictides (Tc,max = 56K) has revived the fundamental questions about the existence and the nature of the superconducting phase raised by the unconventional superconductors. In particular, the existence of an antiferromagnetic phase that is in vicinity of the superconducting phase in the phase diagram raises questions about the link between magnetism and superconductivity. These Iron based superconductors have a generic phase diagram, but some exceptions are questioning a description that would be universal. We chose to study these cases through a local probe, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Our observations have not only allowed us to understand the reasons for these exceptions, but also be used to better probe the magnetic correlations in these materials, a key ingredient for the understanding of superconductivity. First subject, the coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism: it was observed in most superconductors based on iron homogeneously or inhomogeneously, but always for magnetic states at low TN and low magnetic moments in accordance with nesting descriptions with low correlations. Yet a new compound Selenium came to question these conclusions with an apparent homogeneous coexistence between a strong macroscopic superconductivity (Tc ≈ 30K) and a very strong antiferromagnetism (TN ≈ 600K, magnetic moments of high value of 3.3μB). This observation suggests a description rather in terms of Mott insulators, unlike other iron-based superconductors. Our NMR measurements show the existence of an effective phase separation and determine the stoichiometry and the electronic properties of the different phases, eventually reconciling this compound and other families. Second exception : in the archetype family BaFe₂As₂, all iron or arsenic on-site doping or even application of pressure leads to superconductivity, except in the case of Chrome or Manganese doping in Iron site, which does not cause the onset of superconductivity. Our NMR measurements have allowed us to probe the nature of the magnetic transition, but also the metallic state of the substituted compounds. We show in particular that the extra hole Manganese substituted in place of the iron is actually located on its atom and then manifested by a localized magnetic moment. This study of Manganese doping opens up the idea of using Manganese in low concentrations as a source of localized moments which magnetically polarize their environment. This polarization makes it possible to characterize the nature of the spin correlations. We used NMR and SQUID magnetometry, to measure the polarization in superconducting compounds to probe the spin correlations of these systems. We conclude that these correlations are rather low and independent of temperature in electrons doped compounds.; La découverte en 2008 de supraconductivité à relativement haute température (Tc,max = 56K) dans les pnictures de Fer a ravivé les questions fondamentales sur l’origine et la nature de la supraconductivité posés par les supraconducteurs non conventionnels. En particulier, la présence d’une phase antiferromagnétique à proximité de celle supraconductrice dans leur diagramme de phase pose la question du lien entre magnétisme et supraconductivité. Ces supraconducteurs à base de Fe présentent un diagramme de phase générique, mais quelques exceptions remettent en question une description qui se voudrait universelle. Nous avons choisi d’étudier ces cas particuliers grâce à une sonde locale, la résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN). Nos observations nous ont non seulement permis de comprendre la raison de ces exceptions, mais aussi de s’en servir pour mieux sonder les corrélations magnétiques dans ces matériaux, un ingrédient clé pour la compréhension de la supraconductivité. Premier sujet, la coexistence de supraconductivité et de magnétisme : celle-ci a été observée dans la plupart des supraconducteurs à base de Fer de façon homogène ou inhomogène, mais toujours pour des états magnétiques à faible TN et faibles moments en accord avec des descriptions itinérantes à faibles corrélations. Pourtant un nouveau composé au Sélénium est venu remettre en cause ces conclusions en présentant une apparente coexistence homogène entre une forte supraconductivité macroscopique (Tc ≈ 30K) et un très fort antiferromagnétisme (TN ≈ 600K, moments magnétiques de valeur élevée de 3.3µB). Cette observation suggère donc une description ici plutôt en terme d’isolants de Mott contrairement aux autres supraconducteurs à base de Fer. Nos mesures RMN permettent de montrer en fait l’existence d’une séparation de phase et de statuer sur la stœchiométrie et les propriétés électroniques des différentes phases, pour finalement réconcilier ce composé et les autres familles. Deuxième exception : dans la famille archétype BaFe₂As₂, tous les dopages sur site Fer ou Arsenic ou même l’application de pression mènent à la supraconductivité, sauf dans le cas du dopage au Manganèse ou au Chrome en site Fer, qui ne provoquent pas l’apparition de la supraconductivité. Nos mesures RMN nous ont permis de sonder la nature de la transition magnétique, mais aussi l’état métallique de ces composés substitués. Nous montrons en particulier que le trou supplémentaire du Manganèse substitué à la place du Fer reste en fait localisé sur son site et se manifeste alors par un moment magnétique localisé. Cette étude du dopage par le Manganèse ouvre la voie à l’idée d’utiliser le Manganèse en faible concentration comme source de moments localisés qui polarisent magnétiquement leur environnement. Cette polarisation permet en effet de caractériser la nature même des corrélations de spin. Nous avons donc utilisé la RMN ainsi que la magnétométrie-SQUID pour mesurer cette polarisation dans des composés supraconducteurs pour sonder les corrélations de spins de ces systèmes. Nous concluons que ces corrélations sont plutôt faibles et indépendantes de la température dans les composés dopés en électrons.

The discovery in 2008 of superconductivity at a rather high temperature in the iron pnictides (Tc,max = 56K) has revived the fundamental questions about the existence and the nature of the superconducting phase raised by the unconventional superconductors. In particular, the existence of an antiferromagnetic phase that is in vicinity of the superconducting phase in the phase diagram raises questions about the link between magnetism and superconductivity. These Iron based superconductors have a generic phase diagram, but some exceptions are questioning a description that would be universal. We chose to study these cases through a local probe, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Our observations have not only allowed us to understand the reasons for these exceptions, but also be used to better probe the magnetic correlations in these materials, a key ingredient for the understanding of superconductivity. First subject, the coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism: it was observed in most superconductors based on iron homogeneously or inhomogeneously, but always for magnetic states at low TN and low magnetic moments in accordance with nesting descriptions with low correlations. Yet a new compound Selenium came to question these conclusions with an apparent homogeneous coexistence between a strong macroscopic superconductivity (Tc ≈ 30K) and a very strong antiferromagnetism (TN ≈ 600K, magnetic moments of high value of 3.3μB). This observation suggests a description rather in terms of Mott insulators, unlike other iron-based superconductors. Our NMR measurements show the existence of an effective phase separation and determine the stoichiometry and the electronic properties of the different phases, eventually reconciling this compound and other families. Second exception : in the archetype family BaFe₂As₂, all iron or arsenic on-site doping or even application of pressure leads to superconductivity, except in the case of Chrome or Manganese doping in Iron site, which does not cause the onset of superconductivity. Our NMR measurements have allowed us to probe the nature of the magnetic transition, but also the metallic state of the substituted compounds. We show in particular that the extra hole Manganese substituted in place of the iron is actually located on its atom and then manifested by a localized magnetic moment. This study of Manganese doping opens up the idea of using Manganese in low concentrations as a source of localized moments which magnetically polarize their environment. This polarization makes it possible to characterize the nature of the spin correlations. We used NMR and SQUID magnetometry, to measure the polarization in superconducting compounds to probe the spin correlations of these systems. We conclude that these correlations are rather low and independent of temperature in electrons doped compounds., La découverte en 2008 de supraconductivité à relativement haute température (Tc,max = 56K) dans les pnictures de Fer a ravivé les questions fondamentales sur l’origine et la nature de la supraconductivité posés par les supraconducteurs non conventionnels. En particulier, la présence d’une phase antiferromagnétique à proximité de celle supraconductrice dans leur diagramme de phase pose la question du lien entre magnétisme et supraconductivité. Ces supraconducteurs à base de Fe présentent un diagramme de phase générique, mais quelques exceptions remettent en question une description qui se voudrait universelle. Nous avons choisi d’étudier ces cas particuliers grâce à une sonde locale, la résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN). Nos observations nous ont non seulement permis de comprendre la raison de ces exceptions, mais aussi de s’en servir pour mieux sonder les corrélations magnétiques dans ces matériaux, un ingrédient clé pour la compréhension de la supraconductivité. Premier sujet, la coexistence de supraconductivité et de magnétisme : celle-ci a été observée dans la plupart des supraconducteurs à base de Fer de façon homogène ou inhomogène, mais toujours pour des états magnétiques à faible TN et faibles moments en accord avec des descriptions itinérantes à faibles corrélations. Pourtant un nouveau composé au Sélénium est venu remettre en cause ces conclusions en présentant une apparente coexistence homogène entre une forte supraconductivité macroscopique (Tc ≈ 30K) et un très fort antiferromagnétisme (TN ≈ 600K, moments magnétiques de valeur élevée de 3.3µB). Cette observation suggère donc une description ici plutôt en terme d’isolants de Mott contrairement aux autres supraconducteurs à base de Fer. Nos mesures RMN permettent de montrer en fait l’existence d’une séparation de phase et de statuer sur la stœchiométrie et les propriétés électroniques des différentes phases, pour finalement réconcilier ce composé et les autres familles. Deuxième exception : dans la famille archétype BaFe₂As₂, tous les dopages sur site Fer ou Arsenic ou même l’application de pression mènent à la supraconductivité, sauf dans le cas du dopage au Manganèse ou au Chrome en site Fer, qui ne provoquent pas l’apparition de la supraconductivité. Nos mesures RMN nous ont permis de sonder la nature de la transition magnétique, mais aussi l’état métallique de ces composés substitués. Nous montrons en particulier que le trou supplémentaire du Manganèse substitué à la place du Fer reste en fait localisé sur son site et se manifeste alors par un moment magnétique localisé. Cette étude du dopage par le Manganèse ouvre la voie à l’idée d’utiliser le Manganèse en faible concentration comme source de moments localisés qui polarisent magnétiquement leur environnement. Cette polarisation permet en effet de caractériser la nature même des corrélations de spin. Nous avons donc utilisé la RMN ainsi que la magnétométrie-SQUID pour mesurer cette polarisation dans des composés supraconducteurs pour sonder les corrélations de spins de ces systèmes. Nous concluons que ces corrélations sont plutôt faibles et indépendantes de la température dans les composés dopés en électrons.

Special features of the crystal field splitting of d-levels in the transition metal compounds with small or negative charge-transfer gaps ΔCT are considered. We show that in this case the Coulomb term and the covalent contribution to the t2geg splitting have different signs. In order to check theoretical predictions we carried out abinitio band structure calculations for Cs2Au2Cl 6, in which the charge-transfer gap is negative, so that the d-electrons predominantly occupy low-lying bonding states. For these states the eg-levels lie below the t2g ones, which demonstrates that at least in this case the influence of the pd covalency on the total value of the crystal field splitting is stronger than the Coulomb interaction (which would lead to the opposite level order). We also show that the states in the conduction band are made predominantly of p-states of ligands (Cl), with a small admixture of d-states of Au. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd. This work was supported by the German projects SFB 608, DFG GR 1484/2-1 and FOR 1346, by the European project SOPRANO, by the Russian projects RFBR 10-02-00046 and 10-02-96011, by the program of the President of the Russian Federation MK-309.2009.2, the Russian Federal Agency of Science and Innovation N 02.740.11.0217 and the scientific program ‘Development of scientific potential of universities’ N 2.1.1/779.

We present a joint implementation of dynamical-mean-field theory (DMFT) with the pseudopotential plane-wave approach, via Wannier functions, for the determination of the electronic properties of strongly correlated materials. The scheme uses, as input for the DMFT calculations, a tight-binding Hamiltonian obtained from the plane-wave calculations by projection onto atomic-centered symmetry-constrained Wannier functions for the correlated orbitals. We apply this scheme to two prototype systems: a paramagnetic correlated metal, SrVO3, and a paramagnetic correlated system, V2O3, which exhibits a metal-insulator transition. Comparisons with available linear-muffin-tin-orbital (LMTO) plus DMFT calculations demonstrate the suitability of the joint DMFT pseudopotential plane-wave approach to describe the electronic properties of strongly correlated materials. This opens the way to future developments using the pseudopotential plane-wave DMFT approach to address total-energy properties, such as structural properties.

We report the first observation of `orbital truncation rods' -- the scattering arising from the termination of bulk orbital order at the surface of a crystal. The x-ray measurements, performed on a cleaved, single-layered perovskite, La0.5Sr1.5MnO4, reveal that while the crystallographic surface is atomically smooth, the orbital `surface' is much rougher, with an r.m.s. deviation from the average `surface' of ~0.7nm. The temperature dependence of this scattering shows evidence of a surface-induced second order transition., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures

A number of recent experiments report the low-temperature thermopower $\alpha$ and specific heat coefficients $\gamma=C_V/T$ of strongly correlated electron systems. Describing the charge and heat transport in a thermoelectric by transport equations, and assuming that the charge current and the heat current densities are proportional to the number density of the charge carriers, we obtain a simple mean-field relationship between $\alpha$ and the entropy density $\cal S$ of the charge carriers. We discuss corrections to this mean-field formula and use results obtained for the periodic Anderson and the Falicov-Kimball models to explain the concentration (chemical pressure) and temperature dependence of $\alpha/\gamma T$ in EuCu$_2$(Ge$_{1-x}$Si$_x$)$_2$, CePt$_{1-x}$Ni$_x$, and YbIn$_{1-x}$Ag${_x}$Cu$_4$ intermetallic compounds. % We also show, using the 'poor man's mapping' which approximates the periodic Anderson lattice by the single impurity Anderson model, that the seemingly complicated behavior of $\alpha(T)$ can be explained in simple terms and that the temperature dependence of $\alpha(T)$ at each doping level is consistent with the magnetic character of 4{\it f} ions., Comment: 11 pages

We propose an interpretation of previous experimental and numerical experiments, showing that for a large class of systems, distributions of global quantities are similar to a distribution originally obtained for the magnetization in the 2D-XY model . This approach, developed for the Ising model, is based on previous numerical observations. We obtain an effective action using a perturbative method, which successfully describes the order parameter fluctuations near the phase transition. This leads to a direct link between the D-dimensional Ising model and the XY model in the same dimension, which appears to be a generic feature of many equilibrium critical systems and which is at the heart of the above observations., To appear in Europhysics Letters

We show that the charge transfer excitons in a Hubbard model system including nearest neighbor Coulomb interactions effectively attain some charge in doped systems and become visible in photoelectron and inverse photoelectron spectroscopies. This shows that the description of a doped system by an extended Hubbard model differs substantially from that of a simple Hubbard model. Longer range Coulomb interactions cause satellites in the one electron removal and addition spectra and the appearance of spectral weight if the gap of doped systems at energies corresponding to the excitons of the undoped systems. The spectral weight of the satellites is proportional to the doping times the coordination number and therefore is strongly dependent on the dimension., Comment: 10 pages revtex, 5 figures ps figures added

Resonant inverse photoemission spectroscopy (RIPES) is a new spectroscopic probe of the electronic states in solids. It exploits the resonant enhancement of the inverse photoemission cross section occurring at appropriate core absorption edges, and is therefore the counterpart of resonant photoemission for the unoccupied states. We present the results of a RIPES investigation of cerium-based Kondo systems, which illustrate the main aspects of the technique, and briefly review some recent developments involving these and other systems. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.