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Willows are fast-growing species with a large capacity for sprouting and easy breeding. In order to identify Salix accessions suitable for different conditions, a willow plantation was established in the Didactic Station of BUASVM from Timisoara, Timis County, Romania. 19 Salix genotypes (nine species: Salix alba L., S. cinerea L., S. caprea L., S. daphnoides L., S. fragilis L., S. incana L., S. purpurea L., S. pentandra L., S. triandra L.) were collected from a polluted area (copper and uranium mining area) but also from old willow farms, all from Caras-Severin County. The sprouting capacity and biometric observations were made in an experimental trial with uncut and cutback shoots and biomass was estimated after one growing season. Large variability was observed in terms of survival rate but also the number of shoots per stool, maximum height, and diameter. To evaluate the tolerance of heavy metal stress, four accessions were selected and a laboratory experiment was developed. The enzymatic activity varied according to with stress abiotic factor and also with genotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) can be triggered by a various types of gynecological, gastrointestinal, urological, and musculoskeletal disorders. Recently, the role of the central nervous system has proven to be an integral part on the development of any chronic pain syndrome, including CPPS. However, owing to the complex and heterogeneous etiology and pathophysiology of CPPS, the establishment of effective therapeutic interventions remains challenging for both physicians and patients. Nonetheless, recent studies have pointed that medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites can be effectively used in CPPS therapy, besides contributing to restore the patients' quality of life and potentiate the conventional CPPS management. In this sense, this review aims to provide a careful overview on the biomedical data for the use of medicinal plants use and their secondary metabolites on CPPS management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the global and national level, aphids are an entomological group most important in terms of their implications for agriculture and horticulture. They produce extended harm to most plants, either directly, by extracting the sap of the plant, or indirectly by the transmission of a large number of phytopathogenic viruses. Given these considerations, and that in Romania there is insufficient research on the structure of aphid fauna, flight dynamics on the cherry tree, our research can make important contributions in this area. The study presents data referring to the flight behavior of aphids on cherry tree. The research has been carried out in 2007. Species were collected from orchards from Didactic Station Timisoara (Timiş County - a plain area) and Varfurile, (Arad County - a mountain area) from Romania. In the pedoclimatic conditions in the West of Romania, following the researches carried out in 2017, the aphid fauna of the cherry in the plain area was very rich with a total of 12 species: Aphis fabae, Aphis frangulae, Aphis pomi, Aphis nasturti, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus, Dysaphis plantaginea, Hyalopterus pruni, Myzus persicae, Phorodon humuli, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum poae. Regarding flight behavior of aphid populations, the month of May began with large population, reaching the highest number of individuals in the last decade, when there were collected 12 species of aphids. August is characterized by a regression period of the flight intensity, the population is reduced due to adverse thermal conditions and the fact that many species of aphids have migrated to secondary host plants. Regarding flight behavior, levels peak in May and September, when aphids return the primary host plant. Knowing aphids fauna of cherry tree and flight behavior is important for optimal timing of treatments application to combat aphids. The aim of this study was to investigate and identify aphid species in orchards of cherry tree in West of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is a guide addressed to young faculty graduates, meant to help them to develop until reaching maturity and professional fulfilment. Some concepts, statements and guidelines from the lives of reputed scientists and people of culture are presented initially. There are discussed aspects of professional training in different branches of biological sciences: hydrobiology, environmental mutagenesis, medical genetics, cytogenetics, biotechnologies, evolutionism, etc. Each one presents the mentors who contributed to the formation of the young scientist, the scientific priorities achieved, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hiperaccumulator plants possess specific pathways for adaptation and growth in hostile environments, in the presence of large amounts of exogenous material, with harmful action. Reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud), a hyperaccumulator plant for cadmium, is also resistant to other heavy metals and radionuclides. It is a species widespread on Earth's surface with a great capacity to adapt to different environment conditions. After the analysis of the ultrastructural characteristics of three reed populations, developed in natural conditions, in different locations in the Middle Jiu Valley (Gorj, Romania), containing slightly different amounts of heavy metals and radionuclides, was established a possible resistance mechanism to heavy metals. Exogenous particles of different shapes, enter in the leaf through the stomata or penetrate the cuticle and the cell wall. In leaf tissue, the exogenous material is distributed through plasmodesmata to the neighbouring cells. Reed manifests a natural resistance to some stress factors achieved by: ferritin granules synthesis, as well as of chelating substances, with role in binding metal and in the transport of exogenous materials and active metabolic pathways, that allow a cell intense activity, even in the presence of exogenous material in the nucleus or mitochondria. In addition to this, all exogenous materials can be accumulated and stored in large vacuoles, located in some deposit cells, from the lacunar parenchyma, near the vascular system and stomata annex cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Willow short rotation coppice was developed in Europe in the last decades due to increased of renewable energy importance. In order to identify and produce fast-growing willow, well adapted to a wide range of environment and also to pest and disease, research have been made. In Romania willow short rotation coppice has been developed from 2005, exclusively on agricultural, non-forest land. Swedish clone Inger was the most used clone to established willow short rotation coppice, but a few others were used especially in small experimental trails. In order to test the performance of Swedish willow clones and the ability of Romanian willow for SRC, a comparative analyze of 14 willow genotypes, seven Swedish clones ('Inger', 'Jorr', 'Olaf', 'Torra', 'Tordis', 'Torhild', 'Sven') and seven Romanian ones ('RO892', 'RO1077', 'RO1082', 'Cozia_1', 'Fragisal', 'Pesred', 'Robisal') were established in Western Romania. The differences between clones in terms of sprouting capacity and biometric observation (diameter at the base of the shoot and the maximum height of the shoot per stool) were highlighted. Clone 'Inger' and 'Sven' showed good performance in the specific soil and climatic condition analyzed, the other Swedish clones do not perform well. Good results were obtained by Romanian clones 'RO1077' and 'RO892'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents data referring to the external morphological characteristics, the biometrical measurements and the life cycle of Aphis pomi. The researches have been carried out on the orchards from the experimental fields of the Didactic Station Timiş oara (Timiş County) and Várfurile, (Arad County), 2003 2008. At the Aphis pomi species the smallest length of the body established for aphids captured in the western zone of Romania was 1.80 mm, while the biggest was 2.00 mm. Regarding the length of the head and thorax, it may be noticed that the maximum length of these parts was 1 mm, and the minimum length was 0.65 mm. The minimum width of the head was 0.20 mm and the maximum width of the head was 0.35 mm. The thorax width had a minimum of 0.60 mm and a maximum of 0.80 mm. The minimum length of the abdomen was 0.90 mm and the minimum width was 0.70 mm, the maximum length of the abdomen was 1.20 mm and the maximum width was 0.90 mm. In the climatic conditions of Romania, Aphis pomi winters in the stage of egg in October usually on the stems of apple tree. In the second decade of March, the eggs hatch out and there appears the fundatrix giving birth to one or more generations of fundatrices, which are apterous parthenogenetic viviparous females. The winged aphid migrates to other nearby host plants like pear, peach trees and other herbaceous plants growing in the vicinity of apple trees. The reproductive process continues rapidly, the populations of aphids are developing quickly in a very short time. Green apple aphids usually remain on apple plants throughout the summer and gave birth parthenogenetically to 9 12 generations. In October, Gynetypes (gynopara) give birth to wingless sexual, oviparous females, that mate with males and lay winter eggs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the year 2013 under the bilateral project of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and the Plant Protection Institute of ASM, together with scientists from Romania from Forest Research and Management Institute, Craiova Research Station and partners from University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara (Romania) were conducted a series of studies. There were monitored and mass captured Lepidoptera insect species (Tortrix viridana L., Helicoverpa armigera Hb., Grapholitha molesta Br., Grapholitha funebrana Tr., Laspeyresia pomonella L.,Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic, Lymantria dispar L.) using pheromone traps in Botanical Garden and public parks of Republic Moldova and Romania. Monitoring and mass capturing of the males of main pest species using pheromone traps allow us to apply other biological methods of plant protection. The biological efficacy of T. embryophagum Htg. and T. evanescens Westw, varied in different plant species (oak, mulberry, chestnut, plum, apple, flowers) from 64.5 to 73.3% in Moldova and from 36.3 to 75, 0% of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research work and observations carried out into the frame of a SEEDNet program which has the aims of identification, conservation and characterization of Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris germplasm into the SE Europe have lead to identification of this species into 11 areals from Oltenia, which is an important and very old vine grape growing area situated on an important geographical relief unit (Podişul Getic) between Danube river, SW Carpathian Mountains and Olt river. The areals where Vitis vinifera ssp sylvestris was identified are different from geographical and climatic points of vue. This study emphasizes also other plant species which are associated with Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris along with geo-climatic aspects. In situ morphological evaluation has been carried out and biological material was collected for propagation and introduction into collections. The accessions introduced into collections are ex situ evaluated using Eurisco, OW, JPGRI and Bioversity International descriptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of herbicides, despite their beneficial effects on agricultural production, may constitute a threat to the environment. The accumulation of active substances in soil, depending on their half-time life, can affect not only the target species but also non-target ones. Pendimethalin is an extensively used pre-emergent herbicide in vegetable crops, including for onion or garlic. The aim of the study is the assessment of the potential cytotoxic effect using the Allium assay. Allium sp. are very sensitive to different potential harmful elements for the environment. As biologic material were used 10 healthy Allium cepa L. same size bulbs (4.4 ± 0.3 g) for each experimental variant. For 4 days all bulbs were grown in tap water in tanks (10/20/10 cm). After this period the bulbs were placed in 5 experimental variants: Control - tap water; E1-E4 - increasing concentrations of the herbicide solution (1.365 - 4.550 g l-1 pendimethalin). The solutions in tanks were renewed at each 24 h. After 48, when the length of the root was 15- 20 mm were harvested 3 roots from each plant for cytological investigations. The roots were placed in Carnoy fixing solution for 24 hours, in the refrigerator. The hydrolysis was performed with HCl 1N for 7 minutes at 60°C. The staining was performed with Carr solution. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the mitotic index (MI), as well as by aberrant divisions counting. All data were processed statistically with STATISTICA 10 software (Basic statistics, 2 way -ANOVA, Duncan test, Correlations). The results show that pendimethalin induces a mitodepressive effect depending on dose correlated with a significant percent of genomic mutations. The frequency of aberrant cells increased significantly with the herbicide concentration. The accumulation of pesticides in the soil can represent an environmental hazard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]