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The cooperative emission of interacting nanocrystals is an exciting topic fueled by recent reports of superfluorescence and superradiance in assemblies of perovskite nanocubes. Several studies estimated that coherent coupling is localized to a small fraction of nanocrystals (10−7–10−3) within the assembly, raising questions about the origins of localization and ways to overcome it. In this work, we examine single-excitation superradiance by calculating radiative decays and the distribution of superradiant wave function in two-dimensional CsPbBr3 nanocube superlattices. The calculations reveal that the energy disorder caused by size distribution and large interparticle separations reduces radiative coupling and leads to the excitation localization, with the energy disorder being the dominant factor. The single-excitation model clearly predicts that, in the pursuit of cooperative effects, having identical nanocubes in the superlattice is more important than achieving a perfect spatial order. The monolayers of large CsPbBr3 nanocubes (LNC = 10–20 nm) are proposed as model systems for experimental tests of superradiance under conditions of non-negligible size dispersion, while small nanocubes (LNC = 5–10 nm) are preferred for realizing the Dicke state under ideal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe2TiO5 has attracted extensive attention as a promising photoanode for solar water splitting. However, its water splitting performance still needs to be improved. Here, a Zn2+-doped Fe2TiO5 photoanode decorated with a FeNi(OH)x cocatalyst was prepared by a two-step electrospray technique, and the photocurrent density of the resultant photoanode significantly increased by a factor of seven at 1.23 V vs. RHE compared to pristine Fe2TiO5, while the cathodic shift of the onset potential was up to 250 mV. The obvious improvement on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance can be attributed to the cooperative effect of heteroatom doping and cocatalyst deposition. The doping of Zn2+ optimizes electron transfer and promotes charge separation efficiency in the bulk of Fe2TiO5 films. Meanwhile, the FeNi(OH)x cocatalyst can accelerate oxygen evolution kinetics and suppress charge recombination at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Thus, combining doping with a cocatalyst by facile electrospray offers an effective strategy for the development of high-performance photoanodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strengths of H-bonding interactions in networks are affected by cooperativity between the interacting sites. Compounds with an intramolecular H-bond between a sulfonamide NH group and pyridine nitrogen were used to measure the magnitude of cooperative effects on intermolecular H-bonding interactions with the sulfonamide oxygen. X-ray crystallography and 1H NMR experiments confirm the presence of the intramolecular H-bond and show that it is maintained in the 1 : 1 complex formed with perfluoro-tert-butanol (PFTB) in n-octane solution. Association constants for formation of 1 : 1 complexes with PFTB were determined using UV/Vis absorption titrations for a series of compounds equipped with different pyridine groups. Substituents on the pyridine were used to tune the strength of the intramolecular H-bond and investigate the effects on the strength of the intermolecular H-bond. Electron-donating groups on the pyridine that increase the strength of the intramolecular H-bond were found to increase in the strength of the intermolecular interaction with PFTB. The results were used to determine the H-bond acceptor parameters, β, for the sulfonamide oxygen group, and the values show a linear relationship with the value of β for the pyridine nitrogen. The slope of this relationship corresponds to the cooperativity parameter, κ, which is +0.16. The positive cooperativity observed in H-bonded sulfonamides is comparable to the value measured previously for the amide group (κ = +0.20). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarized light is critical for a wide range of applications in modern optics. However, its generation and modulation typically require additional optical comments, which hinders device compactness. Herein, an air‐stable Tin(IV)‐based hybrid metal halide, (C10H9N2O)2SnCl6, composed of [C10H9N2O]+ cations and isolated [SnCl6]2− octahedra is reported. Notably, (C10H9N2O)2SnCl6 exhibits a robust birefringence of 0.50@550 nm that is evidently larger than those of commercially used crystals, which enables efficient modulation of polarized light. Moreover, it possesses a broad polarized blue emission in the range of 374–600 nm with a peak at 426 nm. Theoretical and structural studies reveal that the high optical anisotropy for large birefringence and directly polarized emission of (C10H9N2O)2SnCl6 is ascribed to the cooperative effect of distortion of [SnCl6]2− and high π‐conjugation of [C10H9N2O]+ in parallel arrangement. This work may provide new thoughts on designing and realizing the miniaturization of polarization‐resolved optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urea electrosynthesis from co‐electrolysis of NO3− and CO2 (UENC) provides an alternative route for realizing efficient and sustainable urea production. In this work, single‐atom Ru dispersed on Co (Ru1Co) is demonstrated as an effective and robust catalyst for the UENC. In situ spectroscopic measurements and theoretical simulations unravel the cooperative effect of Ru1 and Co sites to promote the UENC process via a tandem catalysis mechanism, where the Ru1 site activates the adsorption and hydrogenation of NO3− to form *NH2, while the Co site activates the adsorption and hydrogenation/deoxygenation of CO2 to form *CO. The generated *CO is then transferred from the Co site to the nearby Ru1 site which promotes the C─N coupling of *NH2 and *CO toward the urea formation. Strikingly, Ru1Co assembled in a flow cell shows the highest urea‐Faradaic efficiency of 50.1% with the corresponding urea yield rate of 22.34 mmol h−1 g−1 at −0.5 V (RHE), superior to most reported UENC catalysts for urea production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A computational mechanistic study was performed to investigate the transfer hydrogenation of styrene catalysed by a potassium tris‐hexamethyldisilazide magnesiate in the presence of 1,4‐cyclohexadiene. Exploiting cooperative effects between Mg and K centres present in this tris(amide) complex results in the selective formation of the desired product ethylbenzene. The calculations demonstrate the synergy of the metal centres within the bimetallic complex, since neither the monometallic potassium amide K(HMDS) nor the magnesium amide Mg(HMDS)2 on their own can efficiently execute this transformation under the experimental conditions. Several distinct mechanistic pathways have been explored, leading to the identification of the most plausible sequence in which both metal centres act in a synchronised manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of stabilised concentrated emulsions presents a rich phenomenology including chaotic emulsification, non-Newtonian rheology and ageing dynamics at rest. Macroscopic rheology results from the complex droplet microdynamics and, in turn, droplet dynamics is influenced by macroscopic flows via the competing action of hydrodynamic and interfacial stresses, giving rise to a complex tangle of elastoplastic effects, diffusion, breakups and coalescence events. This tight multiscale coupling, together with the daunting challenge of experimentally investigating droplets under flow, has hindered the understanding of concentrated emulsions dynamics. We present results from three-dimensional numerical simulations of emulsions that resolve the shape and dynamics of individual droplets, along with the macroscopic flows. We investigate droplet dispersion statistics, measuring probability density functions (p.d.f.s) of droplet displacements and velocities, changing the concentration, in the stirred and ageing regimes. We provide the first measurements, in concentrated emulsions, of the relative droplet–droplet separations p.d.f. and of the droplet acceleration p.d.f., which becomes strongly non-Gaussian as the volume fraction is increased above the jamming point. Cooperative effects, arising when droplets are in contact, are argued to be responsible of the anomalous superdiffusive behaviour of the mean square displacement and of the pair separation at long times, in both the stirred and in the ageing regimes. This superdiffusive behaviour is reflected in a non-Gaussian pair separation p.d.f., whose analytical form is investigated, in the ageing regime, by means of theoretical arguments. This work paves the way to developing a connection between Lagrangian dynamics and rheology in concentrated emulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spin crossover complex Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 and its composite, Fe(phen)2(NCS)2, combined with the conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) plus varying concentrations of iron magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were studied. A cooperative effect is evident from the hysteresis width in the plot of magnetic susceptibility multiplied by temperature versus temperature ( χ m T versus T) for Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 with PANI plus varying concentrations of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The hysteresis width in the composites vary no more than 2 K with respect to the pristine Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 spin crossover crystallites despite the fact that there exists a high degree of miscibility of the Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 spin crossover complex with the PANI. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 plus PANI composite tend to agglomerate at higher concentrations regardless of the spin state of Fe(phen)2(NCS)2. Of note is that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles are shown to be antiferromagnetically coupled with the Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 when Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 is in the high spin state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi‐1D chain antiferromagnets with reduced structural dimensionality are a rich playground for investigating novel quantum phenomena. We report the synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetism of two novel quasi‐1D antiferromagnets, β‐PbCu2(TeO3)2Cl2 (I) and PbCu2(TeO3)2Br2 (II). Their magnetic frameworks are constructed via Cu‐based quasi‐1D [Cu(2)O4]∞ zigzag chains with square‐planar [Cu(1)O2X2] (X=Cl or Br) separated among 1D chains. Specific heat measurements show λ peaks at ~9 K and ~19 K for I and II, respectively. Moreover, both broad maximums (χmax=90 K for I and 80 K for II) and small kinks (TN≈9 K for I and 19 K for II) have been observed in magnetic susceptibility measurements of I and II. Bonner–Fisher model fitting, and theoretical analyses were performed to evaluate the magnetic exchange interactions. Our experimental and theoretical results and structure‐properties relationship analysis reveal the coexistence of short‐ and long‐range magnetic ordering from the cooperative effect of 1D [CuO4]∞ chains and [CuO2X2] quadrilateral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperative learning is a pedagogical practice widely endorsed in the literature to enhance students' creative writing skills. This methodology promotes the development of originality, fosters openness to new ideas, provides opportunities for interaction and tossing ideas around, and subsequently contributes to boosting creative textual production. This study aims to assess the impact of incorporating cooperative learning strategies on developing creative writing skills and enhancing self-efficacy among 6th-grade students. Additionally, this study reflects on using cooperative learning methods in the classroom setting, namely the roundtable and the cooperative graffiti. The participants were 34 students from two classes of the 6th grade of the 2nd cycle of basic school: an experimental group, where cooperative learning applies, and a control group, conducted using a traditional lecture. The study used a quasi-experimental design, incorporating pre-test and post-test. The non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess within-group changes in pre-test and post-test scores for both the experimental and control groups. The findings from both classes suggest that cooperative learning is more effective than a traditional lecture in building creative writing skills and selfefficacy in Portuguese (first language) and maths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractStudents with disabilities are at an increased risk of experiencing poorer quality peer relationships than those without disabilities. Previous school-based efforts to promote positive peer interactions among students with and without disabilities have included individual skill development and broader initiatives such as inclusive school practices. In the current study, we investigate the effects of cooperative learning (CL) on peer relationships, peer academic supports, and classroom engagement of middle school students with and without disabilities over two years. Using 4 waves of data from a cluster randomized trial of middle schools, we hypothesized that CL would create positive gains in study outcomes among all students, but we anticipated that effects would be more pronounced among students with disabilities. Results confirmed these hypotheses and highlighted the potential role of CL in creating greater social integration among students with and without disabilities. The implications of these findings for practitioners and policymakers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new diiron(I) complexes [Fe2Cp2(μ‐CO){μ‐k3C,kN‐C(R1)C(R2)C(CN)NMe(R)}], 3 a–o (R=alkyl or 4‐C6H4OMe; R1=alkyl, aryl, ferrocenyl (Fc), thiophenyl, CO2Me or SiMe3; R2=H, Me or CO2Me) were synthesized in moderate to high yields from the thermal decarbonylation of the bis‐carbonyl precursors 2 a–o, and were structurally characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction in four cases. Electrochemical behavior of one complex was also investigated. Complexes 3 a–o comprise a highly functionalized, multisite amino‐(cyano)allylidene ligand, including metal coordination of a tertiary amine group. Selected complexes displayed negligible to moderate catalytic activity in CO2/propylene oxide coupling, working under ambient conditions. Additionally, they were investigated as catalysts for the conversion of benzaldehyde to the corresponding borate ester 6 a, using pinacolborane (HBpin) as the borylating agent. Most complexes achieved good conversions at room temperature with 1 % catalyst loading, and data highlight the significant influence of the multisite ligand substituents on the catalytic performance. Notably, complex 3 m (featuring R=4‐methoxyphenyl, R1=Fc, R2=H) displayed the highest activity and effectively catalyzed the hydroboration of various aldehydes and ketones. A plausible mechanistic cycle involves metal coordination of the carbonyl substrate, its activation being possibly facilitated by intramolecular interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high‐efficiency heterogeneous bifunctional metal‐acid catalysts with an appropriate metal‐acid balance for the production of cyclohexylbenzene (CHB) via the one‐step tandem benzene hydroalkylation still faces a dilemma because of the difficulty in inhibiting the over hydrogenation of benzene substrate and cyclohexene intermediate and controlling target product selectivity. In this study, Nb‐doped WOx supported Pd nanocatalysts were developed. It has been shown that doping Nb into WOx supports altered surface properties and microstructures of catalysts, resulting in the generation of more surface acidic sites and defective W−Ov−Nb structures (Ov: oxygen vacancies). As‐constructed Pd‐based nanocatalyst with only 0.1 wt % Pd loading and a Nb/(Nb+W) molar ratio of 0.25 exhibited superior catalytic benzene hydroalkylation performance to undoped supported Pd catalyst, with a much higher yield of CHB (35.6 %) at 220 °C. It was authenticated that highly dispersed Pd sites facilitated the dissociation of hydrogen molecules, defective W−Ov−Nb structures were conductive to the surface transfer of active hydrogen species, a large number of acidic sites favored benzene/cyclohexene intermediate adsorption, and abundant Brønsted acidic sites promoted the alkylation between cyclohexene intermediate formed and benzene. Accordingly, excellent cooperative catalysis between Pd sites, acidic sites, and oxygen vacancies contributed to improved catalytic performance of Nb‐doped WOx supported Pd catalysts in benzene hydroalkylation. This research presents an alternative for the creation of low‐cost practical bifunctional metal‐acid catalysts for highly efficient benzene hydroalkylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stimuli‐responsive multiple chirality switching material, which can regulate opposed chiral absorption characteristics, has great application value in the fields of optical modulation, information storage and encryption, etc. However, due to the rareness of effective functional systems and the complexity of material structures, developing this type of material remains an insurmountable challenge. Herein, a smart polymer film with multiple chirality inversion properties was fabricated efficiently based on a newly‐designed acid & base‐sensitive dye‐grafted helical polymer. Benefited from the cooperative effects of various weak interactions (hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interaction, etc.) under the aggregated state, this polymer film exhibited a promising acid & base‐driven multiple chirality inversion property containing record switchable chiral states (up to five while the solution showed three‐state switching) and good reversibility. The creative exploration of such a multiple chirality switching material can not only promote the application progress of current chiroptical regulation technology, but also provide a significant guidance for the design and synthesis of future smart chiroptical switching materials and devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this research, bimetallic CdNi nanoparticles encapsulated in a magnetic spent coffee ground (Fe3O4@COFF/CdNi) was synthesized as a new nanocatalyst. The structural and chemical characteristics of Fe3O4@COFF/CdNi were comprehensively investigated using various techniques, including FT‐IR, XRD, XPS, TEM, VSM, EDS, TGA, BET, and ICP. Through XRD, XPS analysis, TEM images, and EDS mapping, the presence of CdNi nanoalloys was conclusively established. Fe3O4@COFF/CdNi exhibited remarkable catalytic activity for the hydrogen generation from water using iso‐propanol as a clean sacrificial agent. The high catalytic performance of Fe3O4@COFF/CdNi was attributed to the synergistic cooperative effect of Cd and Ni within CdNi nanoalloys. Interestingly, this process was performed for the in situ generated hydrogen from water to reduce a range of nitrobenzenes simultaneously into the corresponding anilines in high yields (93%–98%). The magnetic and hydrophilic characteristics of Fe3O4@COFF/CdNi facilitated its reusability over five runs. Using water as the most abundant hydrogen source, for the first time for in situ hydrogen generation–reduction of nitrobenzenes without demanding on external light sources or power supplies can be mentioned as a significant milestone of this field of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of ultrasensitive thermometric phosphors has become an active area of research due to their appealing applications in the contactless temperature detection field. Herein, the scheelite-related compounds—CaGd 2 (WO 4) 4 : Nd3+, Yb3+ and CaGd 2 (MoO 4) 4 : Nd3+, Yb3+, which exhibit high sensing capacity—are successfully prepared and systematically characterized. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that CaGd 2 (WO 4) 4 : Nd3+, Yb3+ exhibits the monoclinic structure, whereas CaGd 2 (MoO 4) 4 : Nd3+, Yb3+ is in the tetragonal phase. The maximum phonon cut-off energy of CaGd 2 (WO 4) 4 : Nd3+, Yb3+ is 929 cm−1, slightly larger than that of CaGd 2 (MoO 4) 4 : Nd3+, Yb3+ (904 cm−1). Irradiated by 980 nm laser, PL spectra consist of the Nd3+: 4F j → 4I 9/2 (j = 7/2, 5/2, 3/2) and Yb3+: 2F 5/2 → 2F 7/2 emissions located in the near-infrared (NIR) range. Negative and positive thermal quenching behaviors are observed for the emissions of Nd3+ (754, 802, and 868 nm) and Yb3+ (1008 nm), respectively, attributed to the cooperative effects of the phonon-assisted energy transfer process of Yb3+ → Nd3+ and excited state absorption process of Nd3+. Moreover, the host material can affect the luminescence properties, thermal enhancement factor of the NIR anti-Stokes emission, and thermal sensing performance of the Nd3+-Yb3+ pair. Consequently, CaGd 2 (MoO 4) 4 : Nd3+, Yb3+ exhibits higher sensing sensitivity (S r-max = ∼6.00%K−1) than CaGd 2 (WO 4) 4 : Nd3+, Yb3+ (S r-max = ∼5.56%K−1). This study provides useful information for the construction of high-performance ratiometric thermometers based on the inverse thermal dependence of the NIR emissions of Nd3+ and Yb3+ ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocarriers (NCs) play a crucial role in delivering theranostic agents to tumors, making them a pivotal focus of research. However, the persistently low delivery efficiency of engineered NCs has been a significant challenge in the advancement of nanomedicine, stirring considerable debate. Transvascular transport is a critical pathway for NC delivery from vessels to tumors, yet a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between NCs and vascular systems remains elusive. In recent years, considerable efforts have been invested in elucidating the transvascular transport mechanisms of NCs, leading to promising advancements in tumor delivery and theranostics. In this context, we highlight various delivery mechanisms, including the enhanced permeability and retention effect, cooperative immune-driven effect, active transcytosis, and cell/bacteria-mediated delivery. Furthermore, we explore corresponding strategies aimed at enhancing transvascular transport of NCs for efficient tumor delivery. These approaches offer intriguing solutions spanning physicochemical, biological, and pharmacological domains to improve delivery and therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, we propose a forward-looking delivery framework that relies on advanced tumor/vessel models, high-throughput NC libraries, nano-bio interaction datasets, and artificial intelligence, which aims to guide the design of next-generation carriers and implementation strategies for optimized delivery. Nanocarriers (NCs) are crucial in delivering therapeutic agents to tumors, and transvascular transport is a critical pathway for the tumor delivery of NCs. Here the authors summary strategies enhancing transvascular transport of NCs for efficient tumor delivery, and propose a delivery framework to guide the design of next-generation carriers and implementation strategies for optimized delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogenation of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic precursors in aqueous medium is challenging, especially at ambient temperature and pressure. Electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH) of quinoline to 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) at mild conditions using water as the hydrogen source is demonstrated with splendid activity on a Cu‐based nonprecicous catalyst. The yield of THQ is up to ≈100% with ≈100% selectivity at −1.275 V vs Hg/HgO. The real active sites and key intermediates are deciphered, where the Lewis acid‐base sites on the heterointerface of Cu/Cu2O are beneficial to the quinoline adsorption in a dual‐site coordination configuration and water dissociation to afford H*. The presence of Cu0 plays a vital role in inhibiting the binding of H*, which ensures good Faradaic efficiency. In addition, a novel co‐production system by coupling benzyl alcohol oxidation at the anode is established, achieving dual benefits in both energy utilization efficiency and economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Heteronuclear metal complexes have played an increasingly important role in both small molecules activation and catalytic transformation due to the potential metal‐metal synergies. In this work, we reported that the well‐defined Mg‐Ni‐Mg complex [(LMg)2Ni(C2H4)2] {L = [(DippNCMe)2CH]−, Dipp = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3} was capable of catalyzing the conversion of a diverse array of terminal alkenes to hydrosilylated products in anti‐Markovnikov fashion using PhSiH3 as the silicon source. The stoichiometric reaction of heterometallic Mg‐Ni‐Mg complex with one equivalent PhSiH3 obtained a silyl‐nickel‐monohydride complex [(LMg)2NiH(C2H4)(SiHPhEt)] featuring a Ni‐Si‐H‐Mg interaction. Moreover, treatment of heterometallic Mg‐Ni‐Mg complex with three equivalents PhSiH3 provided the silyl‐nickel‐trihydride complex [(LMg)2NiH3(SiHPhEt)] with three hydride‐bridged at Mg‐Ni‐Mg fragment. Further reactions of the resultant silyl‐nickel complexes with alkenes, e.g., ethylene and styrene, yielded the corresponding alkene‐coordinated Mg‐Ni‐Mg complexes [(LMg)2Ni(C2H4)2], [(LMg)2NiH2(C2H4)] and [(LMg)2NiH2(CH2CHPh)], respectively, with the elimination of PhEtSiH2. Based on the control experiments, both silyl‐nickel‐monohydride and silyl‐nickel‐trihydride complexes were considered as active intermediates in the catalytic hydrosilylation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Heteronuclear metal complexes have played an increasingly important role in both small molecules activation and catalytic transformation due to the potential metal‐metal synergies. In this work, we reported that the well‐defined Mg‐Ni‐Mg complex [(LMg)2Ni(C2H4)2] {L = [(DippNCMe)2CH]−, Dipp = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3} was capable of catalyzing the conversion of a diverse array of terminal alkenes to hydrosilylated products in anti‐Markovnikov fashion using PhSiH3 as the silicon source. The stoichiometric reaction of heterometallic Mg‐Ni‐Mg complex with one equivalent PhSiH3 obtained a silyl‐nickel‐monohydride complex [(LMg)2NiH(C2H4)(SiHPhEt)] featuring a Ni‐Si‐H‐Mg interaction. Moreover, treatment of heterometallic Mg‐Ni‐Mg complex with three equivalents PhSiH3 provided the silyl‐nickel‐trihydride complex [(LMg)2NiH3(SiHPhEt)] with three hydride‐bridged at Mg‐Ni‐Mg fragment. Further reactions of the resultant silyl‐nickel complexes with alkenes, e.g., ethylene and styrene, yielded the corresponding alkene‐coordinated Mg‐Ni‐Mg complexes [(LMg)2Ni(C2H4)2], [(LMg)2NiH2(C2H4)] and [(LMg)2NiH2(CH2CHPh)], respectively, with the elimination of PhEtSiH2. Based on the control experiments, both silyl‐nickel‐monohydride and silyl‐nickel‐trihydride complexes were considered as active intermediates in the catalytic hydrosilylation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis, spectroscopic characterisation and catalytic olefin polymerisation behaviour of a class of binuclear titanium bis(benzyl) complexes bearing bis-(pyridine-2-phenolate-6-methine)-[μ-(arylene-1,4-diyl-2,3-X2)] ligands [X2 = -C4H4-- (1), F2 (2), H2 (3)], and mononuclear analogues, are described. These bi-metallic catalyst frameworks are designed to exhibit a degree of conformational flexibility, which is regulated by steric effects and crucially permits tuning of intermetallic distances and geometry, yet their shape-persistent nature can also confer favourable entropic terms. Complexes 1-3 are characterised as two diastereomers [meso (RS) and rac (RR,SS)] in ratios of 1.32, 1.18 and 1.13 respectively, according to ¹H NMR spectroscopy. In contrast to 3,[¹H, ¹H]-ROESY experiments for 1 and 2 revealed that the X² substituents can impose preferred conformations with syn orientations of Ti2 centres and benzyl groups, thus implying that the activated catalysts would present binding sites with the same direction of access. For ethylene-(1-octene) copolymerisation reactions, in conjunction with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], catalyst 1 displayed superior efficiencies and produced polymers with higher Mw values and enhanced comonomer incorporation ratios (up to 41%), when compared with the mononuclear 5m (22%). These results are indicative of enhanced comonomer enchainment and cooperative reactivity by the Ti2 sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is essential to consider the impact of the cooperative learning (CL) mode when evaluating the effect of cooperative reading between students with and without vision impairment (VI) in inclusive classrooms. This research employs a within-subject two-factor experimental design to investigate the influence of the CL mode on the reading comprehension performance and cooperation level of students with and without VI, considering two text types. The independent variables are CL modes (positive interdependence vs. individual accountability ) and text types (narrative vs. expository). Reading comprehension performance is the outcome-oriented variable, and cooperation level (including knowledge construction, social interaction, and content contribution) is the process-oriented variable. Findings reveal challenges for VI and sighted upper-grade elementary students in reaching higher levels of knowledge construction during cooperative reading tasks. The PI mode demonstrates higher levels of knowledge construction for narrative texts, while the IA mode shows superior content contribution for expository texts. Notably, VI students achieve lower reading comprehension scores than sighted students in the IA mode and face disadvantages in knowledge construction and content contribution across different reading comprehension scenarios. Building upon these findings, this study put forward suggestions to improve reading comprehension and cooperative participation for VI students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International & Comparative Education is the property of International & Comparative Education Editorial, Beijing Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, (1− x)Bi 0 · 5 (Na 0 · 8 K 0.2) 0.5 TiO 3 - x SrTiO 3 ceramics were synthesized by the solid-phase method. The SrTiO 3 dopants cause a phase transition from of rhombohedral to tetragonal resulting in an enhanced strain of 0.49 % and normalized strain d 33 * of 817 p.m./V under 60 kV/cm at a doping amount of 0.04. The microstructure of BNKT-0.04ST, including cation displacements δ Ti-Bi/Na and the tilt of oxygen octahedron are researched by aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (AC-STEM). The fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the annular dark field (ADF) STEM pattern along [110] axis reveals the 1/2 (ooo) superlattice reflection spots due to anti-phase a − a − a − the tilt of oxygen octahedron. The cation displacement vector maps based on the ADF STEM and the enhanced annular bright fielde (eABF) STEM images along the [100] axis show the rhombohedral and tetragonal phase nanodomains, and the displacement decreases gradually from the inside of the nanodomains towards the domain walls. The tilt of oxygen octahedron has the same variation tendency indicating the regional coherence. Due to the flexible nanodomains based on the cooperative effect of the tilt of oxygen octahedron and cation displacement, which is thought to be the origin of the relaxor characteristic and strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) is increasing worldwide with limited success using classical drugs, which has underscored the development of novel agents. Recently, carrier-free molecular assembly has been proven to be an effective drug delivery system, but it has yet to be examined for UC drug development using phytochemicals. Based on traditional Chinese medicine compatibility and potential medicinal uses, a pair of natural compounds, berberine (BBR) and magnolol (MAG), were found to self-assemble into nanostructures in aqueous solutions. Spectral analysis revealed that the assembly mechanisms of BBR and MAG were mediated through charge interactions and π-π stacking. Pharmacokinetic studies and animal imaging showed that BBR-MAG self-assembly (BM) effectively promoted the oral bioavailability and biodistribution of BBR in the colon. BM exhibited superior effects in regulating inflammatory factors, maintaining colon barrier integrity, and regulating gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis mouse model. Additionally, no apparent signs of toxicity were observed, suggesting that BM has a favorable safety profile. This study presents a new strategy for UC management and highlights the cooperative effects of combined phytochemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review analyzes a development in biochemistry, enzymology and biotechnology that originally came as a surprise. Following the establishment of directed evolution of stereoselective enzymes in organic chemistry, the concept of partial or complete deconvolution of selective multi‐mutational variants was introduced. Early deconvolution experiments of stereoselective variants led to the finding that mutations can interact cooperatively or antagonistically with one another, not just additively. During the past decade, this phenomenon was shown to be general. In some studies, molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) computations were performed in order to shed light on the origin of non‐additivity at all stages of an evolutionary upward climb. Data of complete deconvolution can be used to construct unique multi‐dimensional rugged fitness pathway landscapes, which provide mechanistic insights different from traditional fitness landscapes. Along a related line, biochemists have long tested the result of introducing two point mutations in an enzyme for mechanistic reasons, followed by a comparison of the respective double mutant in so‐called double mutant cycles, which originally showed only additive effects, but more recently also uncovered cooperative and antagonistic non‐additive effects. We conclude with suggestions for future work, and call for a unified overall picture of non‐additivity and epistasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The binding of the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein to the plasma membrane is a critical step in viral replication. The association with membranes depends on the lipid composition, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report the binding of non-myristoylated Gag to lipid membranes of different lipid compositions to dissect the influence of each component. We tested the contribution of phosphatidylserine, PI(4,5)P2, and cholesterol to membrane charge density and Gag affinity to membranes. Taking into account the influence of the membrane surface potential, we quantitatively characterized the adsorption of the protein onto model lipid membranes. The obtained Gag binding constants appeared to be the same regardless of the membrane charge. Furthermore, Gag adsorbed on uncharged membranes, suggesting a contribution of hydrophobic forces to the protein–lipid interaction. Charge–charge interactions resulted in an increase in protein concentration near the membrane surface. Lipid-specific interactions were observed in the presence of cholesterol, resulting in a two-fold increase in binding constants. The combination of cholesterol with PI(4,5)P2 showed cooperative effects on protein adsorption. Thus, we suggest that the affinity of Gag to lipid membranes results from a combination of electrostatic attraction to acidic lipids, providing different protein concentrations near the membrane surface, and specific hydrophobic interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Pro-relational opportunism (PRO) is of growing concern in today's business environment. The premise of this study is to investigate the issues that remain relatively underexplored in previous research – antecedents of supplier PRO and how supplier PRO affects the trust and commitment of brand firms. Methodology: Three scenario-based experiments were applied to test the hypotheses. In Studies 1a and 1b, we used a 1 × 2 (Study 1a – inter-organizational identification: low versus high; Study 1b – supplier dependence: low versus high) between-subjects design. Participants were asked to evaluate their ethical philosophies after reading the scenarios. We ran a regression analysis to test for the main and interactive effects of inter-organizational identification, supplier dependence, and ethical philosophy on supplier PRO. Study 2 used a 1 × 2 (supplier PRO: PRO acting versus non-PRO acting) between-subjects design. The bootstrapping method using PROCESS was applied to run a mediation analysis. Findings: This study finds that inter-organizational identification, supplier dependence, and managers' ethical philosophy (utilitarianism and relativism) may increase suppliers' PRO behavior. Utilitarianism and relativism positively moderate the effects of inter-organizational identification and supplier dependence on supplier PRO. Supplier PRO has both a direct and negative impact on the brand firm's commitment and an indirect effect mediated by trust. Research implications: This study provides insight into drivers and outcomes of supplier PRO based on the relationships with brand firms. Influences of inter-organizational determinants are dependent on individual factors. This research extends the supply chain opportunism literature beyond the typically dyadic perspective. Practical implications: Brand firms should be cautioned that strong inter-organizational identification may promote supplier PRO. In addition, brand firms should encourage dependent suppliers to find ethical ways to promote alternative attractiveness. In seeking to avoid damage to the trust and commitment of brand firms, suppliers need to establish systems and norms to help managers develop correct ethical philosophies and understand the harm of PRO behavior. Originality/value/contribution: This research may be the first to examine the antecedents of supplier PRO and its boundary conditions in multi-level settings (i.e. inter-organizational and individual levels). Moreover, this study deepens our understanding of opportunism by further developing the consequences of PRO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an industrial enzyme that catalyzes the formation and cleavage of ester bonds, carboxylesterase has attracted attention in fine chemistry, pharmaceutical, biological energy and bioremediation fields. However, the weak thermostability limits their further developments in industrial applications. In this work, a novel carboxylesterase (EstF) from Streptomyces lividans TK24, belonging to family XVII, was acquired by successfully heterologous expressed and biochemically identified. The EstF exhibited optimal activity at 55 °C, pH 9.0 and excellent catalytic performances (K m = 0.263 mM, k cat / K m = 562.3 s−1 mM−1 for p -nitrophenyl acetate (p NPA 2) hydrolysis). Besides, the EstF presented exceptionally high thermostability with a half-life of 387.23 h at 55 °C and 2.86 h at 100 °C. Furthermore, the EstF was modified to obtain EstF P144G using the site-directed mutation technique to investigate the effect of single glycine on thermostability. Remarkably, the mutant EstF P144G displayed a 5.10-fold increase of half-life at 100 °C versus wild-type without affecting catalytic performance. Structural analysis implied that the glycine introduction could release a steric strain and induce cooperative effects between distal residues to increase the thermostability. Therefore, the thermostable EstF and EstF P144G with prominently catalytic characteristics have potential industrial applications and the introduction of a single glycine strategy opens up alternative avenues for the thermostability engineering of other enzymes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The self-healing and self-sensing coatings were developed based on pH stimuli. • The coating system shows excellent self-healing and self-sensing properties. • The cooperative effect of two inhibitors protects against steel corrosion. • The corrosion sensing ability is from the color change of Phen adsorbed on steel. Polyelectrolyte-encapsulated nanocontainers can effectively respond to changes of pH and thus control the on-demand release of corrosion inhibitors. A pH-responsive release system (Phen-Tpp@MTNs-PDDA) was developed based on the cationic polyelectrolyte poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PDDA) encapsulated mesoporous TiO 2 nanocontainers (MTNs) loaded with 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) and tripolyphosphate ions (Tpp) corrosion inhibitors. The epoxy coating (EP) embedded with Phen-Tpp@MTNs-PDDA (Phen-Tpp@MTNs-PDDA/EP) demonstrates superior self-healing properties and confers long-term protection on the metal substrate through the cooperative effect of Phen and Tpp. Simultaneously, this hybrid coating is endowed with corrosion sensing capability based on the color development originating from the interaction of Phen and carbon steel. This self-healing and corrosion-sensing multifunctional coating provides an effective strategy for the corrosion protection of metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise regulation of phase structure and energy band distribution in CdS endow it with improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. [Display omitted] • A controllable phase structure modulation is implemented in phase junction CdS. • The transition region is introduced by suitable boundary width in phase junction. • The band distribution transmission mode is optimized by above cooperative effect. • Outstanding photocatalytic H 2 production is achieved in the phase junction system. An in-depth understanding of structure-activity relationship between the phase constitution and solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency is conducive to guiding the optimization route of targeted photocatalyst candidates, further establishing advanced photocatalytic systems. Herein, based on the concept of phase engineering, we encompassed the crystalline phase of CdS and achieved precise regulation of phase proportion as well as phase boundary width in the phase junction for the first time. The above cooperative effect not only modifies energy band distribution for sufficient redox potentials, but also guarantees the reverse migration orientation of photogenerated carriers in phase junction, thereby endowing photocarriers with a prolonged lifetime. Compared to pure cubic or hexagonal phase (72.6 or 101.1 μmol h−1 g−1), this CdS system with optimized phase junction demonstrates an improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of 1.04 mmol h−1 g−1 and favorable stability without cocatalyst assistance, which mainly stems from an efficient protons reduction process interacting with long-lived photogenerated electrons. This research explores the mechanism behind phase regulation and its relationship with junction capability, providing a powerful strategy to manipulate crystal phase distribution and paving a feasible avenue for other phase-dependent photocatalysts towards rational design of heterostructures based on different phases in solar energy conversion field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on social interdependence and social constructivism theories, the authors of this study examined the effects of a cooperative learning (CL) pedagogical model on the engagement and outcomes of undergraduate students in an Ethiopian university's classrooms. We did this by using a quasi-experimental post-test control group design. The study participants included undergraduate students enrolled in the courses "Risk Management and Insurance" (n = 99) and "Foundation Engineering I" (n = 94). The control groups received regular lecture-based teaching, while the experimental group received CL instruction over two weeks in six to eight sessions. The results from the Management sample, which demonstrated that the CL intervention group reported significantly higher learning outcomes and more engagement than the control groups, are sufficient evidence for the study to validate the hypothesis. The effect sizes were moderate and ranged from 0.52 to 0.78 Cohen's d. In the Engineering course, the results demonstrate the smallest difference between the mean scores reported by the CL group and those of the regular lecture group, with the CL group showing slightly higher student engagement and outcomes across the three categories assessed. The Engineering sample's results, however, did not show any significant differences between the CL and control groups. This study provides evidence that course reform utilizing a CL pedagogical design could improve student engagement and learning outcomes as compared to the regular lecture-based method. By incorporating CL pedagogies, higher educators and institutions can create more engaging and effective learning environments for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Comprehensive Summary A new gelator (BAzo‐Chol) comprising a diazocine core and two cholesterol units linked via carbamate groups has been designed and synthesized. Its gelation ability in several kinds of organic solvents is identified. Investigations with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), rheological measurements, and UV‐vis absorption and 1H NMR spectroscopy reveal that BAzo‐Chol can self‐assemble into elastically interpenetrating one‐dimensional nanostructures in organogels through a cooperative effect of the π‐π interactions, hydrogen‐bonding, and van der Waals forces. Moreover, the unconventional Z/E conformational transitions of these organogels, due to the inclusion of diazocine, endow the BAzo‐Chol gels with excellent photo‐responsive gel‐sol transition and remarkable visible light‐induced chromic properties. Lastly, due to its sensitive response to visible light accompanied by distinct changes in both colour and transparency of the gel‐sol transitions, the potential application of the current gelator in smart windows is signified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White metatitanic acid H2TiO3 (HTO)/TiO2 composites with co‐exposed [111]‐, {010} and {101} facets were successfully synthesized by employing the white suspension of [TMA+]2[TiO3]2− as the precursor via a hydrothermal soft chemical synthesis method in the presence or absence of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([Emim]Br), 4‐bromine imidazole (Bmim) and 1‐methyl‐3‐propylimidazole tetrafluoroborate ([Pmim]BF4) ionic liquids. The structure, morphology, specific surface areas, microstructure, surface properties, and charge migration behaviors of HTO/TiO2 composites vary depending on the selected ionic liquid. The apparent rate constant of the Bmim‐HTO/TiO2 composite was the highest, at 0.0353 min−1, which was approximately 1.35, 1.38, 1.44, 2.67, and 88.25 times higher than that of [Pmim]BF4‐HTO/TiO2 (0.0262 min−1), [Emim]Br‐HTO/TiO2 (0.0256 min−1), No IL‐HTO/TiO2 (0.0245 min−1), CM‐TiO2 (0.0132 min−1) and Blank samples (0.0004 min−1), respectively. Compared with CM‐TiO2 and other HTO/TiO2 samples, the Bmim‐HTO/TiO2 composite featuring cuboid anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with co‐exposed [111]‐facets and {101} facets, exhibited superior photocatalytic activity in degrading methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet light irradiation. This exceptional performance can be attributed to its cooperative effects, including a larger specific surface area, the co‐exposure of [111]‐ and {101} facets, a suitable heterojunction structure, and the most efficient charge carrier separation. This work introduces a hydrothermal soft chemical process for preparing HTO/TiO2 composite with controllable morphology and co‐exposed reactive facets, which holds promise for practical applications in removing organic pollutants from printing and dyeing wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarons can control carrier mobility and can also be used in the design of quantum devices. Although much effort has been directed into investigating the nature of polarons, observation of defect-related polarons is challenging due to electron-defect scattering. Here we explore the polaronic behavior of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a diamond crystal using an ultrafast pump-probe technique. A 10-fs optical pulse acts as a source of high electric field exceeding the dielectric breakdown threshold, in turn exerting a force on the NV charge distribution and polar optical phonons. The electronic and phononic responses are enhanced by an order of magnitude for a low density of NV centers, which we attribute to a combination of cooperative polaronic effects and scattering by defects. First-principles calculations support the presence of dipolar Fröhlich interaction via non-zero Born effective charges. Our findings provide insights into the physics of color centers in diamonds. Polaronic behavior associated with the Jahn-Teller effect has been studied in NV centers in diamond but other types of polarons are possible. Here the authors study electro-optical response of NV centers using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy and find an enhancement due to cooperative polaronic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chromium complex carrying two benzanellated N‐heterocyclic phosphenium (bzNHP) ligands was prepared by a salt metathesis approach. Spectroscopic studies suggest that the anellation enhances the π‐acceptor ability of the NHP‐units, which is confirmed by the facile electrochemical reduction of the complex to a spectroscopically characterized radical anion. Co‐photolysis with H2 allowed extensive conversion into a σ‐H2‐complex, which shows a diverse reactivity towards donors and isomerizes under H−H bond fission and shift of a hydride to a P‐ligand. The product carrying phosphenium, phosphine and hydride ligands was also synthesized independently and reacts reversibly with CO and MeCN to yield bis‐phosphine complexes under concomitant Cr‐to‐P‐shift of a hydride. In contrast, CO2 was not only bound but reduced to give an isolable formato complex, which reacted with ammonia borane under partial recovery of the metal hydride and production of formate. Further elaboration of the reactions of the chromium complexes with CO2 and NH3BH3 allowed to demonstrate the feasibility of a Cr‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. The various complexes described were characterized spectroscopically and in several cases by XRD studies. Further insights in reactivity patterns were provided through (spectro)electrochemical studies and DFT calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine control over the graphitization level of carbonized nanostructures can play a strategic role in tuning the crystallization of supported nanocatalysts, thereby modulating the kinetics of catalysis. However, realizing the synergistic interplay of graphitization‐tunable support and supported catalysts poses a significant challenge. This study proposes a current pulse‐induced ultrafast strategy for developing MOF‐derived graphitic nano‐leaves (GNL) and supported ultrafine ruthenium nanoclusters exhibiting selective crystallization states depending on the tunable graphitization level of GNL. The resulting ultrafine (≈0.7 nm) amorphous‐ruthenium nanoclusters linked with GNL (a‐Ru@GNL500) exhibit state‐of‐the‐art performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), requiring very low overpotentials of only 23.0 and 285.0 mV to achieve current densities of 10 and 500 mA cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, a‐Ru@GNL500 demonstrates exceptional operational stability for 100 h under high HER currents of 200 and 400 mA cm−2. Density functional theory reveals that the unique electronic structure of a‐Ru and the cooperative effect of cobalt embedded in the graphitic layer lower the occupancy of the antibonding orbital, resulting in an accelerated HER process. Additionally, the unique electronic structure, highly conducting GNL, and efficient bubble release dynamics of super‐aerophobic a‐Ru@GNL500 contribute to reduced overpotentials, particularly at high HER current densities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preclinical studies suggest that simultaneous HER2/VEGF blockade may have cooperative effects in gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. In a single-arm investigator initiated clinical trial for patients with untreated advanced HER2+ gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma, bevacizumab was added to standard of care capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and trastuzumab in 36 patients (NCT01191697). Primary endpoint was objective response rate and secondary endpoints included safety, duration of response, progression free survival, and overall survival. The study met its primary endpoint with an objective response rate of 81% (95% CI 65–92%). Median progression free and overall survival were 14.0 (95% CI, 11.3–36.4) and 23.2 months (95% CI, 16.6–36.4), respectively. The median duration of response was 14.9 months. The regimen was well tolerated without unexpected or severe toxicities. In post-hoc ctDNA analysis, baseline ctDNA features were prognostic: Higher tumor fraction and alternative MAPK drivers portended worse outcomes. ctDNA at resistance identified oncogenic mutations and these were detectable 2–8 cycles prior to radiographic progression. Capecitabine, oxaliplatin, trastuzumab and bevacizumab shows robust clinical activity in HER2+ gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Combination of VEGF inhibitors with chemoimmunotherapy and anti-PD1 regimens is warranted. Preclinical studies indicate that simultaneous HER2 and VEGF blockade may be beneficial in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA). Here, the authors report the efficacy and biomarker analysis of a phase II clinical trial investigating the combination of bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) and standard-of-care CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin) and trastuzumab in previously untreated advanced HER2 + GEA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central Asian vortex (CAV) is a kind of typical regional cyclonic vortex in the North Hemisphere and its important component, Central Asian moist vortex (CAMV), is one of the key systems causing Central Asian heavy precipitation. This study focused on the main characteristics and interannual forcing sources of January CAMV, which has led to rapid increase of Central Asian heavy snowfall during several decades, mainly discussing about the individual and cooperative effect of boreal surface thermal anomalies on CAMVs. The results indicate that the January CAMV demonstrates significantly interannual variability in its annual activity days, moreover, this interannual variability has been experiencing decadal enhancement since 2004, which explains the decadal increase in contemporaneous Central Asian heavy snowfall amount. The "northern moist vortex" (NMV) featuring the low vortex in the northern Central Asia accompanying the European and Tibetan Plateau Ridge, represents the typical circulation configuration of January CAMV. The interannual frequency of NMV is highly related to preceding North Pacific Victoria mode (VM), mid-latitude North Atlantic sea surface temperature (MNA) as well as the land-sea temperature contrast (LSTC) between Africa and eastern North Atlantic. Among them, VM and MNA could respectively stimulate circumglobal and Atlantic-Eurasian wave train structures into northern Central Asia. While, LSTC could excite anomalous lower-level cyclonic circulation over the Mediterranean entrance, accelerating and lifting the entrance of African-Asian jet stream via the way of "eddy-driven jet stream", thereby strengthening the docking of the African-Asian jet stream with the North Atlantic jet stream and enhancing the waveguide effect of two jet streams. When these three surface thermal factors coexist on the interannual scale, VM tends to play a leading role for contributing more than 50% to NMVs in three factors. While, MNA and LSTC play unneglected roles of "relay" to further modulate NMVs, and the cooperative effect of multiple surface thermal anomalies is the key to impacting January CAMVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Awe has been theorized as a kind of self‐transcendence emotion that has an important impact on individual social behavior. Based on the self‐transcendence of awe, this study examined how awe can increase small‐self and self‐other inclusion to facilitate cooperation among individuals across three studies (N = 1162). First, the relationship between awe, cooperative propensity, and the mediating role of small‐self and self‐other inclusion in the relationship was examined using questionnaires on trait levels (Study 1). Second, awe emotions were induced from the state level through behavioral experiments to verify the facilitative effect on cooperative behavior in multiple rounds of public goods dilemma (Study 2). Third, by adding the induction of negative awe to discuss the impact of different valence of awe on cooperative behavior, the mediating role of small‐self and self‐other inclusion was supported (Study 3). Results show that awe has a facilitative effect on cooperation, which provides strong evidence for the positive social function of self‐transcendent emotional awe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the evolving and unpredictable job market, adaptability is an important skill for young adults. Such adaptability implies that schools need to teach key social competences, like communication, collaboration, or problem-solving. In this area, a gender gap has consistently been found, showing that boys display social competences less than girls. A large-scale nationwide multilab longitudinal experiment—the ProFAN project—was conducted in France among more than 10,000 vocational high-school students. Its primary goal was to develop and test an intervention promoting a range of psychological and psychosocial variables in vocational high schools, including social competences. This 2-year long, three-wave field experiment compared the effects of a cooperative learning method—the jigsaw classroom, that entails positive goal and resource interdependence—to two control conditions: one that involves cooperation with resource independence, and the other that remains business-as-usual. This article focuses on the differential development of perceived social competences of adolescent boys and girls over time, comparing the three pedagogical methods. Results of longitudinal multilevel modeling replicate the gender gap in perceived social competences and show that this gap widens with time. However, and most importantly, the analyses revealed that such widening of the gender gap was greater in the two control conditions than in the jigsaw condition, in which the evolution of boys' and girls' perceptions of social competences remained similar over time. Contributions to the understanding of the development and teaching of social competences in education settings are discussed. Educational Impact and Implications Statement: Social competences, like communication and collaboration, are key to adapting in today's ever-changing job market, and boys are usually found to be less skilled with social competences than girls. In a nationwide longitudinal intervention, we explored how schools can promote essential social competences in a way that compensates for this gap. In our study involving over 10,000 vocational high school students, we found that boys lag behind girls in reporting and valuing social competences and that this gap widens over time. However, implementing a jigsaw classroom—a cooperative learning method with positive goal and resource interdependence—was effective in refraining this gap from increasing. These findings emphasize that the jigsaw classroom allows all students to practice social competences and reduces the gender gap in social competences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How did the complex structure of the telencephalon evolve? Existing explanations are based on phenomena and lack a first-principles account. The Darwinian dynamics and endogenous network theory—established decades ago—provides a mathematical and theoretical framework and a general constitutive structure for theory–experiment coupling for answering this question from a first-principles perspective. By revisiting a gene network that explains the anterior–posterior patterning of the vertebrate telencephalon, we found that upon increasing the cooperative effect within this network, fixed points gradually evolve, accompanied by the occurrence of two bifurcations. The dynamic behavior of this network is informed by the knowledge obtained from experiments on telencephalic evolution. Our work provides a quantitative explanation for how telencephalon anterior–posterior patterning evolved from the pre-vertebrate chordate to the vertebrate and provides a series of verifiable predictions from a first-principles perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, the chemical and physical effects generated during the dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) process, including O3, H2O2, light, e*, etc., were utilized to activate the peroxydisulfate (PDS) to form SO4-•. Then, the original reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as •OH, formed in the discharge system was combined to degrade the enrofloxacin (ENR) in water, and the corresponding influencing parameters and reactive substance in the DBDP/PDS system were analyzed. From the investigation, it was found that the neutral (pH =6.5) solution was more conducive to the ENR decomposition than the acidic and alkaline solution conditions. The presence of Fe2+ and Cu2+ in the reaction solution could hasten the ENR degradation, whereas the addition of Cl- and the HCO3- in the solution had a negative effect. Analysis of the reactive species and quenching tests were carried out to explore the generation of H2O2, O3, •OH, and SO4- • in the DBDP/PDS system and their effects on the ENR degradation. The UV-Vis and 3D fluorescence spectra analysis were applied to demonstrate the cooperative effects of the DBDP and the PDS. The TOC and COD removals of the ENR solutions in the DBDP and the DBDP/PDS systems were also compared. Based on the intermediates analysis of the ENR degradation, three possible pathways of ENR decomposition in the synergistic system have been inferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with high lithium ionic conductivities is critical for the realization of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. Crystal structure distortions, Li polyhedron volumes, and anion charges in SSEs are reported to affect the energy landscapes, and it is paramount to investigate their correlations. Our works uncover the cooperative effect of lithium site distortions, anion charges, and lattice volumes on Li-ion migration energy barrier in superionic conductors of LiMS2 (M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) and Li2MO3 (M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni). Combined with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator analyses, the volume and Continuous symmetrical methods (CSMs) of Li tetrahedral (Tet) sites appear to have a larger effect on the manipulation of Ea for Li migration, compared to that of Li octahedral (Oct) sites, which is further confirmed by the results from the face-centered cubic (fcc) anion lattice model. For the Tet–Oct–Tet Li migration path, the CSM (the volume of Li site) has a negative (positive) correlation with Ea, while for the Oct–Tet–Oct Li migration paths, opposite correlations have been observed. The understanding of the correlation between site preference, anion charge, lattice volume, and structural distortion as well as the prediction model of Ea in terms of these three factors, namely, C–V–D model, could be useful for the design of solid-state electrolytes with lower activation energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An assisted liquid-phase plasma electrolysis is applied for synthesis of composite. • The synergy of CNFs, NiCo 2 O 4 and NiCo-LDH improves the electrochemical properties. • The specific capacitance of electrode can reach 1534.7 F/g at 1 A/g. • The ASC device has an energy density of 33.8 Wh/kg at 400 W/kg. • Deposition dynamics of NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH/CNFs composites is explored. Nickel cobaltate/NiCo-layered double hydroxides (NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH) as energy storage materials offer considerable potential for various applications. However, many of current methods for synthesizing NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH suffer from long synthesis times, complex preparation process, and high temperatures and high pressures. In this study, we present a green, simple, and efficient approach known as assisted liquid-phase plasma electrolysis, which realizes the rapid fabrication of ultra-fine NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH nanoparticle-decorated electrospun carbon nanofibers (NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH/CNFs) composites. Ultra-fine NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH nanoparticles (<70 nm) are uniformly deposited on the CNF surface. The CNFs are intertwined to form a highly conductive three-dimensional mesh structure, which synergizes the NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH nanoparticles with a high specific capacitance in favor of ion/electron transport efficiency. In addition, the cooperative effect between the two phases of NiCo 2 O 4 and NiCo-LDH further improves the electrochemical properties. The NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH/CNFs composites exhibit a high specific capacitance of 1534.7 F/g at 1 A/g and a capacitance retention of 93.9 % after 5000 cycles. An assembled asymmetric supercapacitor using activated carbon and NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH/CNFs composites achieves an energy density of 33.8 Wh/kg at a power density of 400 W/kg and a capacitance retention of 93.0 % after 5000 cycles. Notably, two series-connected NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH/CNFs ASC supercapacitors can light up an LED bulb, which maintains a certain brightness even after 50 min. Hence, this work provides a new and efficient route for synthesizing carbon-based NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH composites for use as advanced energy storage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]