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2. Individual variability and versatility in an eco-evolutionary model of avian migration

Author

Delmore, Kira E., Van Doren, Benjamin M., Conway, Greg J., Curk, Teja, Garrido-Garduño, Tania, Germain, Ryan R., Hasselmann, Timo, Hiemer, Dieter, van der Jeugd, Henk P., Justen, Hannah, Ramos, Juan Sebastian Lugo, Maggini, Ivan, Meyer, Britta S., Phillips, Robbie J., Remisiewicz, Magdalena, Roberts, Graham C. M., Sheldon, Ben C., Vogl, Wolfgang, and Liedvogel, Miriam

Published
2020

9. Habitat Selection and Specialisation of Herring Gulls During the Non-breeding Season

Author

O'Hanlon, Nina J., Thaxter, Chris B., Burton, Niall H.K., Grant, Dave, Clark, Nigel A., Clewley, Gary D., Conway, Greg J., Barber, Lee J., McGill, Rona A.R., and Nager, Ruedi G.

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, fungi, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

Understanding both the distribution and habitat use of populations through the annual cycle is vital to understanding how vulnerable species are to environmental change. However, distributions and habitat use can vary among individuals and populations, particularly in generalist species, with variation depending on external environmental factors, such as resource availability. Comprehensive information across multiple populations is important to guide spatial planning of protected areas and is increasingly available for breeding individuals, but it is still lacking for many species, particularly seabirds, during the non-breeding season, especially those with declining populations. We investigated within-species variation in migratory strategies, non-breeding habitat selection and habitat and spatial specialisation in a declining, opportunistic, generalist seabird, the European herring gull Larus argentatus, from multiple breeding colonies across northwest England and southwest Scotland using global positioning system (GPS) tracking during the non-breeding season of 2014/15. Although several individuals stayed within the area of the breeding colony, the majority of individuals migrated in a southerly direction and spent half of the annual cycle (on average 53%) away from the breeding area and kept moving through the non-breeding period. During non-breeding, herring gulls selected mainly marine intertidal, but also a range of anthropogenic terrestrial habitats. However, habitat selection differed between geographical regions, within a geographical region and among individuals. There was a generalist use of non-breeding habitats at the population level, but some habitat specialisation at the individual level that was repeatable through the non-breeding period despite individuals showing low spatial specialisation. The results highlight the importance of intertidal habitat and a mix of alternative foraging habitats in the wintering areas of herring gulls. The results also highlight that habitat selection in an opportunistic generalist can vary even between nearby regions and that appropriate conservation management plans may need to be tailored to regional differences in specific non-breeding areas.

Published
2022

12. Supplementary Material from Individual variability and versatility in an eco-evolutionary model of avian migration

Author

Delmore, Kira E., Doren, Benjamin M. Van, Conway, Greg J., Curk, Teja, Garrido-Garduño, Tania, Germain, Ryan R., Hasselmann, Timo, Hiemer, Dieter, Jeugd, Henk P. Van Der, Justen, Hannah, Ramos, Juan Sebastian Lugo, Maggini, Ivan, Meyer, Britta S., Phillips, Robbie J., Remisiewicz, Magdalena, Roberts, Graham C. M., Sheldon, Ben C., Vogl, Wolfgang, and Liedvogel, Miriam

Abstract

Additional analyses, tables and figures

Published
2020
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14. Electrical Components Involved in Avian-Caused Outages in Iran.

Author

KOLNEGARI, MAHMOOD, CONWAY, GREG J., BASIRI, ALI AKBAR, PANTER, CONNOR T., HAZRATI, MANDANA, RAFIEE, MARYAM SHAMS, FERRER, MIGUEL, and DWYER, JAMES F.

Abstract

Summary: Avian electrocutions are a global conservation problem. Power outages associated with electrocutions are problematic for electric utilities focused on delivering reliable electric power. We used contextual data, photographs, line voltage, outage type and assessments of power line components to quantify outage-causing avian electrocutions throughout each of Iran's 31 provinces. We evaluated records of 222 avian-caused outages involving 235 electrocuted birds in 2018. Of these, 14.5% involved species of conservation concern, and a few (at least eight) sparked fires when the plumage of electrocuted birds ignited and fell into dry vegetation. Most avian-caused outages (96%) involved distribution voltages, and 91% involved phase-to-ground contacts attributable to grounded concrete pylons with grounded steel crossarms. These are the most common type of power line structure in Iran. Insulators were involved in 37% of outage-causing avian electrocutions, fused cutouts 29%, transformers 33%, and midspan collisions 1%. Given the numbers of these components in the electrical system, fused cutouts and transformers were involved in more outage-causing avian electrocutions than expected due to chance. The average body size of electrocuted birds was largest for incidents involving suspension insulators, smaller for birds electrocuted on other insulators, and smallest for electrocutions on fused cutouts and transformers. Given that most avian electrocutions do not cause outages and given the similarity across electric systems in the region, our findings likely indicate a much larger avian electrocution concern throughout the middle east. Retrofitting power line components to reduce avian contacts would reduce impacts to wildlife and improve the electrical system's reliability, reduce costs associated with unplanned outages, and reduce risks associated power line ignitions of fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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18. Contrasting effects of GPS device and harness attachment on adult survival of Lesser Black-backed GullsLarus fuscusand Great SkuasStercorarius skua

Author

Thaxter, Chris B., primary, Ross-Smith, Viola H., additional, Clark, Jacquie A., additional, Clark, Nigel A., additional, Conway, Greg J., additional, Masden, Elizabeth A., additional, Wade, Helen M., additional, Leat, Eliza H. K., additional, Gear, Sheila C., additional, Marsh, Mike, additional, Booth, Chris, additional, Furness, Robert W., additional, Votier, Steve C., additional, and Burton, Niall H. K., additional

Published
2016
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25. Contrasting effects of GPS device and harness attachment on adult survival of Lesser Black-backed Gulls Larus fuscus and Great Skuas Stercorarius skua.

Author

Thaxter, Chris B., Ross‐Smith, Viola H., Clark, Jacquie A., Clark, Nigel A., Conway, Greg J., Masden, Elizabeth A., Wade, Helen M., Leat, Eliza H. K., Gear, Sheila C., Marsh, Mike, Booth, Chris, Furness, Robert W., Votier, Steve C., Burton, Niall H. K., and Daunt, Francis

Subjects
GLOBAL Positioning System, HARNESSES, GREAT black-backed gull, TELEMETRY, SEA birds
Abstract

Telemetry has become an important method for studying the biology and ecology of animals. However, the impact of tracking devices and their method of attachment on different species across multiple temporal scales has seldom been assessed. We compared the behavioural and demographic responses of two species of seabird, Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus and Great Skua Stercorarius skua, to a GPS device attached using a crossover wing harness. We used telemetry information and monitoring of breeding colonies to compare birds equipped with a device and harness, and control birds without an attachment. We assessed whether tagged birds have lower short-term breeding productivity or lower longer term overwinter return rates (indicative of overwinter survival) than controls. For Great Skua, we also assessed whether territory attendance within the breeding season differed between tagged and control birds. As with previous studies on Lesser Black-backed Gull, we found no short-term impacts on breeding productivity or long-term impacts on overwinter return rates. For Great Skua, there was no evidence for impacts of the device and harness on territory attendance or breeding productivity. However, as found by a previous study of Great Skuas using a different (body) harness design, there was strong evidence of reduced overwinter return rates. Consequently, a device attached using a wing harness was considered suitable for long-term deployment on Lesser Black-backed Gulls, but not on Great Skuas. These findings will inform the planning of future tracking studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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26. Bird ringing in Britain and Ireland in 2010

Author

Clark, Jacquie A., primary, Dadam, Daria, additional, Robinson, Robert A., additional, Moss, Dorian, additional, Leech, David I., additional, Barber, Lee J., additional, Blackburn, Jeremy R., additional, Conway, Greg J., additional, De Palacio, Diana, additional, Griffin, Bridget M., additional, and Schäfer, Sabine, additional

Published
2011
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28. Bird ringing in Britain and Ireland in 2009

Author

Clark, Jacquie A., primary, Robinson, Robert A., additional, Du Feu, Chris, additional, Wright, Lucy J., additional, Conway, Greg J., additional, Blackburn, Jeremy R., additional, Leech, Dave I., additional, Barber, Lee J., additional, De Palacio, Diana, additional, Griffin, Bridget M., additional, Moss, Dorian, additional, and Schäfer, Sabine, additional

Published
2010
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30. Current status and recent trend of the Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola as a breeding bird in Britain.

Author

Heward, Christopher J., Hoodless, Andrew N., Conway, Greg J., Aebischer, Nicholas J., Gillings, Simon, and Fuller, Robert J.

Abstract

CapsuleThe breeding Woodcock population in Britain in 2013 was estimated at 55 241 males (95% CL: 41 806–69 004), suggesting a large-scale decline that is supported by 2 additional sources of data. AimsTo provide an updated estimate of the size of Britain's breeding Woodcock population, measure recent trends and identify spatial patterns of change. MethodsDisplaying male Woodcock were surveyed at a stratified sample of 834 randomly selected sites. Population estimates were compared with a baseline survey conducted in 2003 and the trend with data from annual Woodcock counts (2003–13) andBird Atlas 2007–11. ResultsWoodcock were estimated to be present at 22% of 1 × 1 km squares containing ≥10 ha of woodland, compared to 35% in 2003. The British population estimate fell by 29% between 2003 and 2013. The Atlas suggests that presence at the 10 × 10 km scale has declined by 56% between 1970 and 2010. Both data sources suggest regional variation in the rate of decline, with losses greatest in the West and South. ConclusionThe Woodcock's population size and breeding range appear to be declining severely across Britain. Regional variation in the rate of decline might be explained by the distribution of large continuous woodlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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