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Anlässlich einer Ausstellungsübernahme wurde von der Provenienzforschung der Bayerischen Staatsgemäldesammlungen in München erstmals die Provenienz von Fotografien von Aenne Biermann (1898–1933) überprüft. In einem intensiven fachlichen Austausch zwischen der kunsthistorischen Forschung zur Fotografin einerseits und der Provenienzforschung zu den Themen Fluchtgut in Italien, Beschlagnahme von Liftvans in Auswandererhäfen und den sogenannten Operationszonen Adriatisches Küstenland und Alpenvorland andererseits gelang es, den Weg der Objekte zu rekonstruieren. Gleichzeitig konnten die Biografie der Künstlerin und die ihrer vom Nationalsozialismus verfolgten Familie um viele Details ergänzt werden. The provenance research team at the Bavarian State Painting Collections in Munich first looked into the provenance of the photographs of Aenne Biermann (1898–1933) on taking over an exhibition of her work. Through an intensive dialogue between art historical research on the photographer on the one hand and the provenance research investigating fugitive property in Italy, the confiscation of liftvans in emigration ports and the so-called operation zones of the Adriatic coast and in the Alpine foothills on the other hand, the team was able to reconstruct the path taken by the objects. Its work also added some pertinent details to the artist's own life story and that of her family, who were persecuted by the Nazis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is devoted to the history of the political adaptation of tribal structures to the conditions of social class interactions in the Kazakh aul in the 1920s. Newly uncovered archival materials show how patrimonial and hierarchical institutions tried to adapt and adjust themselves to the system of socialist construction in the Kazakh steppe. The authors have identified three directions that most clearly demonstrated the behavioural motives and adaptation practices of Kazakh tribal cattle-breeding society: the formation of the Soviet apparatus of power in Kazakhstan; the participation of the tribal elite in elections to enter the Soviet institutions of power; and confiscation as a policy of struggle against ancestry and descent groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confiscation of property has been one of the common punishments in different societies for a long time, which can be seen in ancient Rome, ancient Greece, and ancient Iran. After the advent of Islam, the confiscation of property has always been considered as a punishment since the time of Rāshidūn Caliphs or al-Khulafāʾ al-Rāshidun (Arabic: الخُلَفاء الرّاشِدون). We can find examples of this in several legal articles at the present time. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, first examines the lexical and terminological terms of confiscation, and has been examined similar terms such as confiscation of property, expropriation, etc. in order to explain the nature of confiscation. Finally, the nature of confiscation can be introduced as “the permanent deprivation of the owner’s property rights by the government and the acquisition of those properties to the government without compensation”. Then, the jurisprudential foundations of confiscation of property as a punishment are examined, and it can be said as a result, that well-known Islamic jurists or fuqahāʾ (Arabic: فُقَهاء; translated as “jurists”), including Ahl as-Sunnah (Arabic: أَهْل السُّنَّة) and Imāmiyya (Arabic: امامیّه), believe in the legitimacy of confiscation of property for the purpose of punishment and there are many proofs for this theory, including the legitimacy of financial taʿzīr (pecuniary punishment) and narrations from sīra (conduct) of the Infallible Imams (al-ʾAʾimmah al-Maʿṣūmūn) ʿalayhim al-ṣalātu wal-salām, such as the story of the destruction of Masjid al-Ḍirār (Arabic: مَسْجِد الْضِّرار) by the Prophet ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhī wa-ʾālihī wa-sallam and the burning of the neighborhood of wine sellers by Imām ʾAmīr al-Muʾminīn (Arabic: أمیرالمُؤْمنین) ʿalayhi al-ṣalātu wal-salām, etc. They have also brought evidence from the sīra (conduct) of the Companions of the Prophet Muhammad “PBUH”, or Ṣaḥāba (Arabic: الصَّحابة), such as some of the actions of the second caliph. However, all these arguments can be distorted, because although the legitimacy of financial taʿzīr (pecuniary punishment) is defensible and has been accepted by well-known jurists, confiscation of property cannot be considered as an example of it, because financial taʿzīr (pecuniary punishment) is the obligation to pay a fine, and confiscation of property is the expropriation or deprivation of existing property, which is fundamentally different from each other. The aḥādīth (Arabic: أحاديث, singular: ḥadīth, traditions and narrations) cited in this regard are also not acceptable due to their many documentary and signifying defects, and sīra (conduct) of the companions is also lacking in validity.

Russia’s audacious, unprecedented, illegal invasion of Ukraine, which began in a hybrid form in February 2014 before escalating into a full-scale invasion on February 24, 2022, has brought with it a significant amount of destruction, multibillion-dollar losses, and damage beyond measure – both to the whole state and to each individual Ukrainian resident. As a result of Russian aggression, thousands of civilians have been killed, dozens of cities have been damaged by shelling and airstrikes, and countless enterprises, medical institutions, educational institutions, cultural heritage monuments, kilometres of road, and residential buildings have been destroyed. The war continues, meaning that the damage caused to Ukraine by Russia is steadily increasing with each new day. Since the beginning of the full-scale war, one of the most important tasks has been to find ways and means for post-war reconstruction in Ukraine, as well as for the payment of compensation to the victims of the war. These compensation mechanisms should be implemented alongside those that come at the expense of the funds of the Russian Federation, which, accordingly, necessitates the lawful capture of these funds from an array of possible sources (sovereign assets of the Russian Federation, the assets of Russian oligarchs, etc.). After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, civilized countries froze the assets of the external foreign exchange reserve of the central bank of the Russian Federation, along with the private assets of Russian oligarchs. After freezing assets, the next step on the path towards transferring to Ukraine the assets and funds of the Russian Federation (both sovereign assets and those of private persons), which are located in many countries around the world, should be their confiscation, since freezing alone is not an effective measure. An important task is to help states take this step and develop appropriate confiscation mechanisms in their national legislation. This article is devoted to the study of this issue, as well as to the comparative analysis of that which has already been achieved in this field.

Bank Indonesia as the central bank in Indonesia has financial independence in which Bank Indonesia has the authority to manage its assets separately from the State Budget. However, in carrying out its roles and duties, Bank Indonesia often faces demands or lawsuits, which result in execution of judgments against assets of Bank Indonesia. This can clearly disrupt the financial stability of Bank Indonesia, affecting Bank Indonesia’s ability to carry out its roles and duties effectively. Currently, there has been an argument put forth to assert Article 50 of the treasure law in an effort to protect for Bank Indonesia’s finances. However, the application of this article as a legal basis for protection of Bank Indonesia’s finances is inappropriate because it is not in accordance with Bank Indonesia’s financial independence, separating from the State Budget. Departing from these problems, based on data collected through document studies in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, this study examines how the policies of financial independence of Bank Indonesia, legal protection of Bank Indonesia’s finance, and ideal arrangements for legal protection of Bank Indonesia’s finances considering the attention to the independence of Bank Indonesia. The conclusion of this research is that there is still disharmony in regulations regarding Bank Indonesia’s financial protection in the State Finances Law and the State Treasury Law which creates legal uncertainty regarding Bank Indonesia’s financial protection.

This article analyses the criminological foundations of confiscation of the proceeds of crime and the international evolution of this figure in recent decades within the framework of the political-criminal strategy aimed at recovering assets from criminal activities. To this end, a qualitative model based on doctrinal analysis and comparative criminal policy has been followed as research methods. The article shows the growing importance of confiscation as a situational prevention tool, focusing on the absorption of criminal assets to discourage the so-called "profit crime." The most recent modality is analyzed, the "confiscation of unexplained assets linked to criminal behavior," introduced by Directive (EU) 2024/1260, as a resource to improve the effectiveness of asset recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a total war, World War I constituted a significant historical moment which proved that warfare not only serves to build nations and national identities, but can also create suitable socioeconomic and political conditions that foster the process of capital accumulation. The Ottoman state, like all the belligerents, on the one hand mobilized human power, means of production and subsistence and natural resources on a large scale for fighting and financing the war; on the other hand, it established a war economy based on violence and protectionism that directly favored war profiteers. The present article centers on the implementation of the War Tax Law, adopted on the eve of the war, which paved the way for state policies of dispossession, confiscation, and requisition. It argues that these practices aimed at the redistribution of capital to give birth to a new generation of Turkish-Muslim capitalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study delves into corporate crimes, a distinct category from typical crimes, as they intersect with various economic and financial realms. This divergence from conventional criminal law norms has reshaped perspectives on privacy, criminalization, and punishment. A corporation represents a collaborative endeavour for profit among individuals, pooling resources and sharing gains or losses across diverse economic sectors like commerce, finance, industry, agriculture, and real estate. Legislation governing corporate crimes emphasizes actions over omissions, often categorized as negative crimes. Many don't necessitate specific criminal outcomes, classified as crimes of danger. Moral culpability in corporate crimes is diminishing, focusing more on offender conduct for evidence, challenging traditional burden of proof principles. The UAE's legal approach adopts a deterrent strategy, favouring fines over imprisonment for corporate wrongdoing. Complementary penalties like confiscation, business closure, or license revocation augment primary penalties, raising questions about their effectiveness against complex corporate offenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay reconstructs the experiences of prominent Charleston merchant Colin Campbell, and his niece Louisa Campbell, to explore how Scots loyal to the Crown during the American Revolution later defended their interests in Scotland's Court of Session. Using the case of Campbell and Ferrier v. Campbells (1796) as an organizing framework, it demonstrates how Scots litigated their suffering at the hands of American Patriots. It shows how lawsuits like it were embedded in a larger transatlantic legal ecosystem that shaped their outcome. The legal contest between Louisa Campbell and her cousins over Colin Campbell's American property tied together legislatures and courts in South Carolina, Georgia, London, and Edinburgh. By doing so, they compelled the Lords of Session, the judges who sat on the bench of Scotland's supreme civil court, to define American Independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The rise of cryptocurrencies and other digital assets has triggered concerns about regulation and security. Governments and regulatory bodies are challenged to create frameworks that protect consumers, combat money laundering and address risks linked to digital assets. Conventional approaches to confiscation and anti-money laundering are deemed insufficient in this evolving landscape. The absence of a central authority and the use of encryption hinder the identification of asset owners and the tracking of illicit activities. Moreover, the international and cross-border nature of digital assets complicates matters, demanding global coordination. The purpose of this study is to highlight that the effective combat of money laundering, legislative action, innovative investigative techniques and public–private partnerships are crucial. Design/methodology/approach: The focal point of this paper is Australia's approach to law enforcement in the realm of digital assets. It underscores the pivotal role of robust confiscation mechanisms in disrupting criminal networks operating through digital means. The paper firmly asserts that staying ahead of the curve and maintaining an agile stance is paramount. Criminals are quick to embrace emerging technologies, necessitating proactive measures from policymakers and law enforcement agencies. Findings: It is argued that an agile and comprehensive approach is vital in countering money laundering, as criminals adapt to new technologies. Policymakers and law enforcement agencies must remain proactively ahead of these developments to efficiently identify, trace and seize digital assets involved in illicit activities, thereby safeguarding the integrity of the global financial system. Originality/value: This paper provides a distinctive perspective by examining Australia's legal anti-money laundering and counterterrorism financing framework, along with its law enforcement strategies within the realm of the digital asset landscape. While there is a plethora of literature on both asset confiscation and digital assets, there is a noticeable absence of exploration into their interplay, especially within the Australian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Asset confiscation regimes are present throughout Europe. The Italian State implements a policy stipulating the confiscation of real estate assets from individuals convicted of mafia-related crimes and the re-allocation of these assets to new uses. The policy of confiscation (confisca) and re-allocation (destinazione) is meant to act as both an anti-mafia measure and a way to compensate local communities by converting real estate assets into public amenities. We evaluate the effects of this programme on local areas by estimating its impact on property values in the proximity of confiscations and re-allocations. The findings reveal a negative effect of confiscations and a positive effect of re-allocations on housing prices, mainly visible in mafia strongholds. Both of these trends can be observed in the time periods that directly follow instances of confiscation and re-allocation and appear to be highly localized. A drop in organized crime activity in the streets where re-allocations have occurred could account for some of the gain in property values caused by re-allocations. These findings have implications for the effectiveness of anti-mafia initiatives aimed at improving the quality of life in areas where criminal activity is more prevalent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historically high prevalence of property extraction in transition nations provides a unique opportunity to explore the intersection of institutional economics and the economics of happiness. This study examines how instances of prior property confiscation affect the self-reported quality of life following political-economic transition in Russia during the early 1990s. Using retrospective data from the Social Stratification in Eastern Europe after 1989 project, we estimate both traditional ordered logit models and random-effects ordered logit models, the latter of which addresses clustering of respondents by region of the country. Our results indicate that prior property confiscation experiences lead to a gap between the probabilities of realizing the extreme values of life satisfaction of 21.1–26.5%-points, with prior property confiscation experiences decreasing (increasing) the probability of greater (lesser) life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecclesiastical disentailment has traditionally been associated with seizing real estate owned by "dead hands" for immediate sale. The administrative and accounting documentation of the Cathedral Chapter of Seville shows how it was forced to dispose of numerous properties in two phases during the 19th century. This was not carried out through confiscation but through orderly sales organised by the ecclesiastical institution itself, which is not mentioned in the historical-economic literature. This study analyses these alienations, their causes, procedures and consequences, as well as the financial problems the Cathedral Chapter of Seville faced, the application for numerous loans and the sale of real estate. The sales process, in our opinion, was serious, transparent and professional.

The possible confiscation of Russian assets by Western countries is one of the serious challenges to modern international law and the system of international relations. Since the greater part of the frozen assets is under the jurisdiction of EU countries, special attention should be paid to studying mechanisms for the use of Russian assets within the EU. The purpose of this article is to identify the key characteristics of the EU’s approaches to the use of frozen Russian assets, determine their compliance with international law and investigate possible consequences for the modern system of international relations. To achieve this goal, the author analysed the legal aspect of this problem, examined the compliance of the initiatives to confiscate Russian property with the norms of modern international law and pinpointed the potential consequences of such actions. It is concluded that possible options for seizing sovereign assets contradict the norms of international and national law. Therefore, all these methods are unfeasible within the current legal framework. Yet, the main obstacle to implementing the plans to seize Russian sovereign assets lies not within the legal realm, but in the political sphere since such actions could result in unforeseeable ramifications. The mechanism proposed by the European Commission for seizing private property within the framework of criminal proceedings implies the use of criminal law to solve political problems, which is at variance with the objectives of criminal policy.

Mülkiyet hakkı insanoğlunun yaşamını idame ettirebilmesi için sahip olduğu temel haklardan birisidir. Bu hak malikine geniş yetkileri sağlamakla birlikte malikin bu yetkileri sınırsız bir şekilde kullanması düşünülemez. Toplum menfaatlerinin bireyin menfaatlerinden önce geldiği durumlarda kişilerin mülkiyet hakkına devlet tarafından müdahale edilebilmektedir. Örneğin müsadere yaptırımı toplumun menfaati sebebiyle kişilerin mülkiyet hakkına müdahale edildiği durumlardan birisidir. Müsadere, bir suçun işlenmesinde kullanılan veya suçun işlenmesine tahsis edilen veya suçun işlenmesi neticesinde elde edilen kazançların veya bizatihi varlığı suç teşkil eden eşyaların mülkiyetinin kamuya geçirilmesi yaptırımıdır. Çalışmamızda genel olarak müsadere kavramının tanımı, müsaderenin hukuki niteliği ve müsadere çeşitleri olan eşya müsaderesi ve kazanç müsaderesi ile müsaderenin uygulanma koşulları kısaca ele alınmış ve müsadere yargılaması incelenmiştir.

El trabajo ambulante es una de las fuentes de ingreso más comunes para las personas en situación de pobreza en economías mayoritariamente informales. Tal trabajo las expone a una serie de barreras económicas, sociales y también legales. En la presente investigación, hemos analizado las disposiciones jurídicas de ocho distritos de Lima Metropolitana para determinar cómo las normas regulan el trabajo, el uso del espacio, la higiene y el tiempo de los trabajadores ambulantes en esta ciudad. De acuerdo con nuestra investigación, las ordenanzas municipales de Lima Metropolitana señalan al trabajador ambulante como otro racializado que debe ser controlado en el espacio público. Si bien no es explícitamente excluido, su inclusión es precarizadora, aumentando su vulnerabilidad.

One-of-a-kind efforts to make the losses state’s financial incurred by the State due to corrupt activities, is through the confiscation of the Defendant’s assets. Later it may subsequently be utilized for a form of monetary payment in lieu of State losses charged to the Defendant. On the grounds of payment of money in lieu of State losses, confiscation of the Defendant’s personal assets that had nothing to do with corruption was then carried out. The research’s main eligibility is to find out how significance proof is involved due to tribunal mechanism, as in the safetymeasureness of the defendant given right and assets as being regulated for evidences in the tipikor case. The researcher’s study applied juridical normative method employing statutory and conceptual pathways. Secondly, layered information was gathered from observation and papers, in order to ensure the quality. According to the researcher’s findings, the purpose of headlining deposition in tribunal is to support the proof of the litigant’s motion, incapable of assuring the sentence’s delivery. There is a guarantee and protection of property rights in the Indonesian constitutional written law 1945 (28H) par. (4). It demonstrates the litigant’s possession of their property being safeguarded by the state, which had unassociated an elicit act of graft as property sheltered from confiscation in the court process. Unlike the personal property of the litigant, if is employed in an unlawful conduct as graft itself, the belongings shall be seized within the tribunal proceedings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The research in this study aims to prove that confiscation of property acquired through crime is an important tool in the fight against organized crime. The basic idea of the paper is to investigate the confiscation of property acquired through crime, which is a huge criminal wealth generated mostly by various forms of misdemeanors. The analysis of the confiscation of criminal property is made based on studying and comparing the key features of the legislation in the European Union, the USA, and Australia to find out how these legislations regulate the confiscation of criminally acquired property. The methods used in the research of this paper are defined according to the purpose of the study, i.e. determining the measures that aim to reduce and prevent crime by making it known that criminals will not be allowed to enjoy their illicit wealth. Key findings and arguments show that the recovery process involves several stages: identification and tracking, freezing and confiscation, and management of frozen and confiscated assets. The data were collected, processed and analyzed to find improved solutions for confiscating criminally acquired property. In conclusion, the study proposes to take measures to confiscate criminally acquired property so that criminals cannot use it and enjoy the benefits of that property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article focuses on the formation of the international law principle of the right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions in the context of an international armed conflict, given the relevance of the issue of damage and destruction of property as part of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine. The author examines the right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions through the prism of international human rights law - as such, where the right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions (property rights) has been enshrined in the international law system, and also through the prism of international humanitarian law and international criminal law - as such, which are special in relation to the right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions in the context of international armed conflict. The article examines the principle of inviolability of property rights at the national level, in particular, in legislative and judicial sources, and its impact on the formation of the relevant international law principle. In particular, the author analyses the philosophical development of the concepts of "sacredness" of property rights and inviolability of property rights, as well as the natural essence of this right for a person. The author examines in detail the rules of conventional and customary international humanitarian law on the right to peaceful enjoyment of property/property rights depending on the type of acts that may be committed against property and the type of property against which certain acts are directed in the context of an international armed conflict or legal regime of occupation. The provisions on the protection of civilian objects, as well as the non-absolute nature of the protection of property rights in international armed conflict in cases of urgent military necessity, are carefully considered. Based on this analysis, the author identifies the key fundamental provisions on the basis of which the international legal principle of the right to peaceful enjoyment of property in the context o f international armed conflict is formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the legal confiscation of third-party property in cases of corruption. The research method used is normative or doctrinal, which involves analyzing legal concepts and principles found in court decisions, laws, and statutory regulations. The focus of the research is to examine the legal aspects of confiscating third-party property in corruption cases. The findings reveal that, legally, a third party can submit an objection within a maximum period of 2 months. However, an objection lawsuit can only be filed after the court decision attains permanent legal force, indicating that the court has restricted or diminished the rights of third parties to enjoy or utilize their assets.

The issue is about the basis of the authority of the Corruption Eradication Commission to confiscate corruption crimes that have not been enforced by permanent law (inkrach) from the district court. This study aims to find out what is the basis for the authority of the Corruption Eradication Commission to confiscate in corruption crimes and how the legal position of seized goods in corruption crimes. By using normative research methods, it can be concluded that: 1. The basis of authority of the Corruption Eradication Commission is Law Number 30 of 2002 Article 47 paragraph 1 of Law Number 30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission and Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the eradication of corruption as amended by Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption crimes. 2. The legal position of confiscated goods will certainly be used as evidence by the Corruption Eradication Commission as law enforcement. However, there are often obstacles in the management of confiscated goods. Then confiscated goods can also be auctioned even though there has been no permanent force legal decision (inkrach) from the district court.

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This article explores the dynamics of the European legislation in the area of asset recovery and confiscation. At the same time, it provides a critical perspective on the provisions of the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the recovery and confiscation of assets. The adoption of the legislative project will repeal the provisions of Directive 2014/42/EU, respectively four other European normative acts, including Council Decision 2007/845/JAI on asset recovery proceedings. The first part of the article presents the legislative framework in force, by referring to the evolution of the legislative process that led to the adoption of a new legal instrument whose purpose is to remedy the shortcomings that the current legislative framework encounters in the fight against organized crime. In the following section, from the point of view of the legal terminology used, the main changes and inadvertencies that the Directive Proposal generates are highlighted. The third part of the paper presents the six stages of the asset recovery and confiscation process, in comparison to Directive 2014/42/EU. Finally, the paper proposes its own ideational stance on the direction that the European legislator wishes to implement in creating a unique harmonization instrument for the European Union in the field of asset recovery and confiscation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case of the private media confiscated in Ecuador at the beginning of Rafael Correa's presidency (2007-2017) led to complex economic, legal, and professional circumstances for the media companies and their journalists. This paper aims to share a broad and documented perspective on the origin and development of the issue at hand by combining three methods for its approach: the historical method, analysis of media policies and in-depth interviews. Implementing regulatory procedures to devise structures for adjustment and censorship towards private media promoted a media reshaping that resulted on the stockpiling of important nationwide media companies (TV, radio, and magazines) into the state-owned entities umbrella. These confiscations took place at a sensitive time for the banking system that owned several of these media, which had been affected by a severe economic, social, and political crisis. The legal actions filed by owners of the confiscated media have rendered it impossible to sell the companies. Furthermore, the precarious financial status turned them into undesirable targets for possible buyers. Out of the seventeen privates media companies owned by the government in 2008, only two are still active in 2023. The other fifteen companies went bankrupt or are currently undergoing liquidation. This measure, while advantageous for the political power, represented an economic and journalistic failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The leadership style of Francois Hollande it was means a lot to the government of France. It is all about Hollande's personality who is a very intuitive look threat against ISIS in France. Whose decisionmaking process by Francois Hollande has made France more aggressive than before. The researcher would explain how idiosyncratic factors of Francois Hollande's policy against ISIS in France. The purpose of the research is to know how individual psychological can influence the decision-making process and behavior of nations. Data was collected by literature study and online website research. The result of the research tries to describe how the idiosyncrasy of Francois Hollande is very fluently to France's policy against ISIS, which France's response would make a positive impact and negative impact internal or external. Francois Hollande is an obsessive-compulsive type leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the perspective on the execution of court decisions on narcotics evidence confiscated for the state. The purpose of this study is to find out the implementation of the execution of seized narcotics evidence for the State in terms of criminal law and Narcotics Law. The research uses empirical and juridical approach methods. The execution of the court's decision on narcotics evidence is contained in ruling No. 39/Pid. Sus/2020/PN.BYL stated that the narcotics evidence seized is for the state. The destruction of evidence of narcotics is regulated in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, and the Attorney General's decision number: KEP-089/J.A/1988 concerning Settlement of Confiscated Goods in Articles 12 to 14. The results of this study show how the mechanism for completing the process of confiscation of seized narcotics evidence for the state is viewed from the perspective of criminal law. This researcher wants to explain what is the mechanism for implementing criminal case decisions regarding seized narcotic evidence for the State. Judging from the importance of destroying narcotics confiscated goods, it is necessary to know the procedure for destroying narcotics confiscated goods so that they are more in line with the procedures described in the law. As stated that the purpose of administering criminal procedural law in Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) is to achieve and obtain or at least approach material truth (substantial truth) namely the complete truth of a criminal incident by applying the provisions of criminal procedure law honestly and appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]