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Nietzsche's perspectivism has received restricted and unrestricted interpretations. The latter take the cognitive effects of 'perspectives' to be pervasive and general; the former argue they are restricted to special subject matters, have limited effects, or are not essentially cognitive at all. I argue on textual grounds that Nietzsche was committed to the unrestricted view. Comparison to A.W. Moore's treatment of perspectival representation in Points of View illuminates both the nature of perspectivism and key arguments needed to defend it. Nietzschean perspectivism must deny the very possibility of absolute representations (sensu Moore), and to do so, it must block a form of argument that promises to integrate perspectival representations into progressively less restricted, and ultimately absolute, representations of the world. Such arguments depend on a strong assumption about the unity of the independent world, which Moore accepts and Nietzsche denies. Nietzsche's pluralism about perspectives thereby turns out to rely on pluralism about the world, which shapes his understanding of us as essentially bounded cognitive agents. Nietzsche holds that the longing for absolute representation manifest in Moore, Leibniz, and many other philosophers, which aspires to overcome the limitations of perspective, amounts to ascetic self-denial about our cognitive condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this essay is to present and analyse the basic assumptions of Leszek Nowak's conception of the unity of science. According to Nowak, the unity of science is manifested in the common application of the method of idealisation in scientific research. In accordance with his conception, regardless of the discipline they represent, researchers go through the same stages in building a theory. Two key ones among them are: introducing idealising assumptions into the representation and then their concretisation. In this view, idealisation is the basis of the scientific method, while other cognitive procedures complement it. Nowak's conception has particular relevance in the context of the dispute between naturalism and anti-naturalism and in the context of the continuing rift between social scientists and natural scientists. It calls into question the anti-naturalist thesis of the ontological uniqueness of social sciences and the resulting methodological consequences. I argue that Nowak's conception is a cognitively valuable contribution to the contemporary epistemology of science, but it also has weaknesses, mainly due to the limitations of applying the idealisation-concretisation scheme in research practice. For it turns out, as I point out in this essay, that many idealising assumptions are not subject to concretisation and that concretisations do not always condition an increase in the explanatory and/or predictive power of the representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is commonly argued that Liu Zongzhou was dissatisfied with the fact that some followers of Wang Yangming in the late Ming Dynasty paid insufficient attention to self-cultivation practices (gongfu工夫), so he deliberately emphasized the difficulty and importance of personal cultivation which is often misunderstood as some kind of strict inner spiritual cultivation. This essay will argue that with the gradual deepening in the studies on Liu Zongzhou's thought as a whole, there are more dimensions to be recovered in our understanding of his self-cultivation theory. Liu Zongzhou's holistic self-cultivation theory is based on the unity of body and heartmind, and theory and practice, where each person is a node of relations, and is an unbounded narrative in the world. On this basis, self-cultivation is not simply an inward vector that relates to inner spiritual practice, but has an important and often overlooked relational and social dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the molecular picture for the D s 1 (2460) and D s 1 (2536) resonances, which are dynamically generated by the interaction of coupled channels, the most important of which are the D ∗ K for the D s 1 (2460) and D K ∗ for the D s 1 (2536) , we evaluate the ratio of decay widths for the B ¯ s 0 → D s 1 (2460) + K - and B ¯ s 0 → D s 1 (2536) + K - decays, the latter of which has been recently investigated by the LHCb collaboration, and we obtain a ratio of the order of unity. The present results should provide an incentive for the related decay into the D s 1 (2460) resonance to be performed, which would provide valuable information on the nature of these two resonances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue that Metaphysics H.6 is not an isolated chapter but the conclusion of an argument begun in H.3. This view will provide further and better arguments for the following view about long-standing interpretative debates: first, Aristotle provides a substantive account of the unity of the composite substance (although he also briefly addresses the unity of the form); second, neither Aristotle's conception of matter nor his account of form changes between H.1–5 and H.6; and third, H does not rely on and is not completed by book Θ in any significant way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juedi Tiantong occurred in ancient China and was the critical foundation for understanding the relationship between Tian and man in China. From the perspective of conceptual history, Juedi Tiantong not only shaped the metaphysical dimension of the concept of Tian, but also transformed the original religious form of communication between man and natural gods into the unity of human nature and Tiandao, which liberated the relationship between Tian and man from the religious field. Therefore, Juedi Tiantong should be regarded as the critical basis of the unity of heaven and man in Chinese philosophy. Furthermore, as an important religious revolution, Juedi Tiantong also affected people's understanding of nature, which was mainly reflected in the recognition of astronomy and calendar reform. In ancient China, it was difficult to distinguish between humanity and astronomy, science and religion, and rationality and divinity. In this case, Juedi Tiantong also abstracted Tian, originally representing the physical sky, into a metaphysical concept. Accordingly, the concept of Tian in Chinese philosophy has not developed the same meaning of nature as Western civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses determinants of the ecumenical impetus' weakening in the second half of the twentieth century. This situation invokes a key question about the purpose of the ecumenical journey. Despite the complexity and multiplicity of problems dividing the Churches, it was acknowledged that the main reason for stagnation was differences in understanding the Church. The Dominus Iesus declaration represented a kind of caesura, one marking a divergence in the aims of the ecumenical path, especially in Catholic–Protestant relations. Since then, certain statements on the Protestant side signal a clear attempt at distancing themselves from the concept of visible unity. They have come to prefer an alternative model of a community of Churches. Some have, in turn, put forward arguments for the apparent nature of such an alternative. In fact, the realisation of the Church's visible unity can only take place "through" and "in" the community of various Churches. The Church herself is the assembly (community) of all peoples and nations in one people under God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the development of a novel analytic approach for computing Unity Magnitude (UM) shapers that deviates from established numerical methodologies. The experimental validation on a test bench confirms the practicality and benefits of the suggested UM shaper technique. The study extends the use of UM shapers to improve the control of wind conversion systems (WCSs), particularly those including hybrid excitation synchronous generators (HESGs), demonstrating their adaptability and versatility. Experimental validation guarantees real-world application, confirming the suggested UM shapers' trustworthiness. Strict management is still required to assure the system's efficiency and dependability. In reality, the dynamic equations of a turbine, as well as those of an HESG, are substantially nonlinear; most system parameters are very uncertain; and, finally, a WCS is always impacted by disturbance sources such as load variations, harmonics, and mechanical vibrations. Robust control measures must be used to overcome these issues. A CRONE controller (Robust Fractional Order Control) of the second generation is created. A comparative study performed on the Simulink platform reveals substantial gains brought about by UM shapers in real-world circumstances. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of UM-shaped inputs in mechanical stabilization and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), emphasizing both theoretical soundness and practical advantages. The analytic equations for UM shapers in undamped and damped systems, offered together with a real-time algorithm, contribute to the optimization of wind conversion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bosnian 'safe areas' established in the 1990s failed abysmally at civilian protection; indeed, by generating moral hazard, they may have worsened the humanitarian situation. Drawing on declassified documents as well as other primary sources, this article makes the case that US, British, and French support for the safe areas can be understood as an instance of mutual alliance entanglement. The United States and its principal European allies had serious doubts that the safe areas could effectively protect civilians. Nevertheless, the Western powers agreed to support the safe areas diplomatically and by means of a limited NATO airpower commitment. The expectation was that this would allow them to signal alliance unity after a period of transatlantic discord and showcase their ability for joint action. The article sheds new light on the origins of the Bosnian safe areas and illuminates how alliance pressures might pull NATO members toward ill-conceived military interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines whether federalism promotes unity through diversity. Topics discussed include reason that federalism necessarily reduces unity, one reason why polarization has become so bad, and ways centralized enforcement of some types of individual rights can facilitate foot voting in the private sector between private institutions.

Since December 2018, Sudan has been experiencing a revolution that has engaged the large numbers of Sudanese who live abroad in a political struggle from afar. Based on a case study of the Sudanese community in France and an analysis of their long-distance support of the political upheavals from three different cities, this article assesses how times of revolution affect the sense of commonness of diasporic groups and reshape socio-political boundaries in exile. From our initial identification of two Sudanese generations in France, which we will call the elders and the youth, we assess how the collective identification process for exiles, which is initially determined by social and regional affiliations, has been affected in recent times by the outbreak of the Sudanese revolution. After presenting the two generations of Sudanese currently living in France, we show how the revolutionary context has affected their feelings of belonging and produced a temporary sense of diasporic unity. Finally, the article analyses how the stalemate in the revolutionary process during the summer of 2019 led to an erosion of this unified Sudanese consensus and resurrected political, regional, social, and generational divides, pushing the young generation to the forefront of protest from afar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A surprising feature of Brexit has been the united front the EU-27 presented during post-referendum negotiations. This membership crisis arrived when the EU had been facing multiple overlapping political and economic crises revealing deep cleavages both between and within member states. How did negotiations prevent a widening politicisation of European integration? In this article a novel dataset is used, containing national and European newspaper Brexit coverage between 2016 and 2020 to establish how negotiating stances were formed in key EU institutions and five influential member states: Ireland, Spain, France, Germany and Poland. The results indicate that the European Commission could maintain a strong, centralised negotiating position over Brexit because the preferences of these member states were mutually inclusive, their negotiating stances aligned, and each national case was subject to generally low levels of domestic politicisation. As a result, while Brexit shocked the EU, its immediate fallout could be contained even during uncertain times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brexit constitutes a puzzle for integration theory. Functionalist analyses have not only failed to predict the UK's exit but have also underestimated the disintegrative dynamics of the withdrawal negotiations. By contrast, postfunctionalism accounts for the disintegrative Brexit process but struggles to explain the unity and defence of supranational integration among the EU-27. This article tries to make sense of the Brexit puzzle. First, it argues that Brexit constitutes an attack on the EU polity rather than a policy failure – the type of crisis that functionalist theories explain best. Second, it complements the postfunctionalist account of domestic politicisation with an analysis of the reactions and strategies of the defenders of supranational integration. According to this expanded postfunctionalist analysis, the interaction of polity attack and polity defence has produced 'external rebordering': extreme disintegration of the UK from the EU, on the one hand, and strengthened integration of the EU-27, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports novel, compact, and additively manufactured quadrupole mass filters (QMFs) with adequate filtering performance for practical mass spectrometry applications. The QMFs are monolithically fabricated via vat photopolymerization of glass‐ceramic resin using 57 µm × 57 µm × 100 µm voxels, and selective electroless plating of nickel‐boron. Experimental characterization of QMF prototypes at 1.74 MHz using FC‐43 yields 131 Da peaks with 0.50 Da full width at half maximum (260 resolution), surpassing the resolution of reported miniaturized counterparts under similar conditions, and being on par with commercial, non‐miniaturized, heavier devices. The sensitivity of the 3D‐printed devices is estimated at 0.13 mA Torr−1 (comparable to that of optimized, commercial counterparts), while the devices attained up to 250 Da of mass range (limited by the driving electronics). The work is of interest to low‐cost, capable mass spectrometry, 3D‐printed instruments, and in‐space manufacturing of complex instrumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on achieving true collaboration in Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) by aiming for unity rather than unanimity. Topics include addressing the natural tensions between different functional areas, integrating human judgment with digital processes, and fostering an environment where dissenting opinions are valued to enhance decision-making.

In recent decades, Western societies have been exposed to increasing dynamics of change and crisis as a result of ongoing globalization, and of flight and displacement in many regions of the world. The insecurity and humiliation of being more exposed to global developments than being able to influence them leads many people to seek social security. As a result, populist and far-right ideologies have become increasingly attractive to some. There has also been a revival of authoritarian thinking. Based on Erich Fromm's concept introduced in the 1930s, its current forms are described in terms of the narcissistic self- and other-dynamics. Social science data show that, in addition to authoritarian thinking, a narcissistic longing for a homogeneous society makes populist and far-right ideologies increasingly attractive. If we analyze this phantasm of a homogeneous nation, we find at its root unconscious fantasies of care and sibling rivalry, of purity and the idea of the Other, the fantasy of a protective whole. Such ideal-narcissistic states of purity and homogeneity do not tolerate divergences and are therefore associated with paranoia and violence. Ultimately, the irreversibility of difference and ambivalence in human life is denied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the main points of the specificity of metaphysics in the European philosophical tradition. The division of wisdom as a unity between knowledge and practice in ancient philosophy is emphasized. Kant's thesis that metaphysics is possible only in the realm of practical reason and only as a metaphysics of freedom is recapitulated. The forms of transcendence are revealed. Two approaches regarding metaphysics are analyzed – as a metaphysics of “questioning”, the logos type, and of a metaphysical act as overcoming causal dependencies in human individuality and truly achieving freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concept of sublime has a long record. The record refers usually to ancient Greece but in modern time emerged a challenge, That sublime debated under aesthetics. Kant debated the sublime in his philosophy under aesthetics too. Imagination has special importance in discussion of the sublime. This discussion has other aspects in Kant's philosophy that we must regard to them. In critique of pure reason, imagination participates with understanding and sense, consequently in current interpretations Kant's work is epistemology; it provides conditions of possibility of objectivity in first critique. But in Critique of the Power of Judgment, imagination has a free operation in test judgment, it is in a free harmony with understanding. In theory of the sublime, imagination has relation with reason here feeling of the sublime is similar to morel feeling. Thus it reveals the unity of total determination of man. Therefore we understand the nature as exhibition of supersensible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MHA Unity in Ohoi Warbal as a community entity that lives together in an alliance as a traditional village (called Ohoi) has the right to manage the other four islands. These islands are Lik Island, Labulin Island, Waha Island, Tarwa Island and Warbal Island. Historically, these four islands belonged to Ohoi Warbal to manage. In the management of Lima Island, there are two islands, namely Lik Island and Tawa Island, which are rented as pearl cultivation sites. However, this management is not undertaken by the customary law community, thus, the research problem is how the management rights of the coastal area of Lima Island are implemented by the customary law community unit in Ohoi Warbal, and how the legal protection for management rights of the coastal area of Lima Island is implemented by the MHA unit in Ohoi Warbal. This study was conducted using empirical legal research methods with interview and observation instruments to obtain primary data. The conclusion is that the implementation of the management rights of the Lima Island coastal area by the MHA in Ohoi Warbal is undertaken by individuals or groups independently and it is used for the welfare of the Ohoi Warbal customary law community. The regulation of legal protection for the management rights of the Lima Island coastal area by the customary law community unity in Ohoi Warbal is hampered by the absence of written law in Ohoi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do silences about intercommunal violence emerge and does their subsequent breaking lead to reconciliation in divided communities? By telling two stories of monuments built in northwest Bosnia after World War II, and the radical changes made to them since the war of 1992–95, this local history poses a question of global significance: Can memorials to the violent past ever create a "just memory," whereby they recall both our humanity and inhumanity, as well as both the humanity and inhumanity of "others" whom we may still see as enemies? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trans-phenomenology of Emmanuel Levinas has helped expose the totalising dynamic that has marked much of Western philosophy. The quest for a unity of knowledge in the truth assimilates any hint of otherness into more of the same. Plurality becomes a source of violence and dissent regarded as decay. Levinasian perspectives, however, and recent developments in magisterial teaching in the Roman Catholic Church point to a more ethical approach that can begin to escape the dialectic binary of the same and the other and so help avoid static conceptions of truth and unity. Religious truth and ecclesial unity, in other words, are explored in this paper for their ethical–dialogical quality. Indeed, the asymmetrical priority of dissent within this dialogical approach offers positive soteriological significance for the church rather than seeing dissent as a threat. Such an approach can enable the church to take plurality and diversity seriously in the current context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay takes initial steps on a journey with an Irish eco-spiritual philosopher, the late John Moriarty. As a gateway into his broader oeuvre and way of thinking, we explore Moriarty's image of the Christian mystical Easter journey—the Triduum Sacrum—as a vision for humanity and the planet. After briefly reviewing his spiritual biography, we consider Moriarty's re-framing of the story as a journey to the bottom of a symbolic Grand Canyon, a mystical trail beyond historical time to a primordial unity before the evolution of the species. There, the total integration of the natural ecumene is experienced. For Moriarty, this journey leads not only into the past, but prefigures a pilgrimage that everyone can—and should—take. Analyzing primarily his own writing, we highlight the intercultural roots and ecumenical connections of Moriarty's work, which draws extensively on spiritual traditions and contemporary debates from across the world. On that basis, we sign-post directions for further research into a potential post-Christian ecology as a new way of thinking about the earth and our role on it, based on an attitude of Gelassenheit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religion is one of the central themes of the young Hegel. This is where intellectual problems arise, the treatment of which led him to discover his speculative way of thinking. Starting in the footsteps of Kant's ethicotheology, Hegel quickly realized that religion cannot be a vehicle for introducing autonomous morality. Under titles such as love and life, he then develops a kind of Spinozist thinking of unification of everything, including the finite and the infinite. However, it turns out that the quasi-divine performance of unity cannot be thought of as such, since thinking is bound to discursive forms of reflection that are always mediated through differences. As soon as the religious performance of unity is to be thought of, it slips away from the form of reflection. This problem can be solved if, on the one hand, the differential form of thinking is brought into a self-application and, on the other hand, difference itself is put into the performance of unity, even if it is named as absolute. The former becomes the nucleus of the figure of negation characteristic for Hegel's speculative thinking; the latter leads to an understanding of the absolute as spirit, which, according to its self-being, which encompasses difference, is always for the other and is known by the other. Religion brings this to mind in the form of imagination, according to Hegel's later concept of religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Janus particles with different compositions and properties segmented to different regions on the surface of one objector provide more opportunities for interfacial engineering. As a novel interfacial active material, Janus particles integrate the amphiphilic properties of molecular surfactants and the Pickering effect of homogeneous particles. In this research, the outstanding properties of Janus particles on various interfaces are examined from both theoretical and practical perspectives, and the advantages of Janus particles over molecular surfactants and homogeneous particle surfactants are analyzed. We believe that Janus particles are ideal tools for interface regulation and functionalization in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clitic pronoun ne and the functional element de introducing nominal constituents have many nominal and prepositional functions across Romance languages. In this article, we focus on the nominal functions, singling out three different bundles of semantic features that characterize both ne and de. They can denote properties of individual entities, properties of kinds, or predicate properties. The article shows that Catalan ne and de display the three types of denotation, while Italian ne and de only display the first one. This article further supports the hypothesis that the indefinite determiner de can be overt or silent, thereby unifying de-phrases (and the Italian partitive article) with bare nouns. The analysis of de as an indefinite determiner is then extended to adjectival de, which is claimed to mark concord features on adjectives in both Catalan and Italian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite concerns over the discipline's state of 'fragmentation', there is no systematic empirical analysis of how this theoretical proliferation is driven by 'importing' from other fields. This paper attempts to fill this gap by analysing data collected from American, European, British and Japanese journals during 2011–2015. It argues that interdisciplinary relations are not only fuelling theoretical proliferation in the field but are also creating distinct directions for IR scholarship: a new 'transatlantic divide' between sub-disciplinary specialisation and broadening of the disciplinary contours in the English-speaking 'core', continued compliance with theoretical and methodological unity of the field in the non-English-speaking 'semi-periphery' and parts of the 'periphery', and a full embrace of interdisciplinarity in other parts of the 'periphery'. These images each symbolise the direction that IR as a discipline is (or should be) heading, which will also imply a shift in what gets accepted as 'IR' in the coming decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "The Festival Legislation in Exodus and the Ideological Unity of »Books«" examines the festival regulations in the book of Exodus and concludes that they serve to maintain the ideological unity of the book. Two similar but different festival regulations in Exodus 23:14-17 and 34:18-23 are analyzed. The question of whether the festival regulations in Exodus preserve the "pre-Solomonic" roots is also examined. It is argued that the festival law of the Book of the Covenant represents a decentralized revision of Deuteronomy that emerged during the exile. The festival laws in Exodus were carefully edited to preserve the ideological unity of the book of Exodus. [Extracted from the article]

The paper presents Victor von Weizsäcker's theory of Gestaltkreis (i.e. 'circle of form'), which offers an original theoretical contribution. It is rich of fruitful stimuli for understanding the relationship of the living organism with its environment, recognizing a dynamic unity between perception and the movement. The paper first provides some biographical, scientific and clinical professional life elements of Viktor von Weizsäcker, then it presents the dynamic theory of Gestaltkreis with its principles and key elements, and finally discusses the epistemological and methodological implications. Von Weizsäcker's Gestaltkreis theory - systematically published in 1939 - represents the effort of a theoretical synthesis of the experiments conducted in the field of neurology, of studies of perception and voluntary movement. It is based on the complementary and simultaneous unity of perception and movement, and it establishes a substantial contribution against the mechanism of physiology, by overcoming the notion of automatic reflex. Such a theory consolidates von Weizsäcker's systematic commitment to his epistemological, methodological and ethical project for the 'introduction of the subject in the biological sciences'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that Jacques Derrida's Politics of Friendship presents an implicit but significant critique of Maurice Blanchot's The Unavowable Community. In Blanchot's text, the Other disrupts any sense of fusional or essentialist community. But Derrida criticises Blanchot for neglecting the need to negotiate my responsibility to infinite others. Derrida proposes a logic of the plus un, playing on this double meaning in French, where a need to count singularities ('plus one') disrupts the unity of community ('no longer one'). For Derrida, this offers a greater emphasis on those outside the boundaries of constituted communities, something he finds lacking in Blanchot. I demonstrate that Derrida's position is a challenge to an emerging xenophobic discourse in 1980s French politics. I propose, therefore, that Derrida's difference with Blanchot is motivated as much by a political difference as a philosophical one, with Derrida judging Blanchot's account inadequate for contemporary political concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vast majority of studies on Buṭrus al-Bustānī (1819–83), a leading intellectual of the Arab Nahḍa, have focused on his intellectual "transitions" from the Maronite church to Protestantism and then to various secular pursuits, such as fostering a Syrian national identity, the separation of religion and politics, and supporting a political culture based on equal rights and religious ecumenism. The present article contends that the extant literature confers undue precedence to the secular over the religious in Bustānī's intellectual biography. A balanced portrayal requires giving due weight to his engagement with religious matters, such as: a defense of Protestantism as the sole true faith; the divine character, textual integrity, and veracity of the Bible; and the rejection of Darwinism's contradiction of aspects of his faith. The study also elucidates his explicit prejudices against Catholicism and Islam that were concomitant with his defense of freedom of conscience and support for revival of classical Arabic culture. The study shows that Bustānī strove to balance his loyalties to multiple intellectual orientations, creating tension within his own thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upcoming US presidential elections in 2024 have global implications and are characterized by concerns about the development of the USA and democracy. For Europe and global development, these elections are particularly relevant for three reasons: the direct elections to the European Parliament, the unity or divergence of the Atlantic pillars of democracy, and the outcome of the Ukraine war. The chances for various scenarios depend on the strong polarization and growing inequality between the coasts and the inland areas of the USA. The two candidates, Donald Trump and Joe Biden, represent different political currents and stand for a deep division in American society. There is speculation that Michelle Obama could emerge as a surprise candidate, while Condoleezza Rice is mentioned as a possible candidate for the Republicans. It is difficult to predict the outcome of the election, but currently, according to an expert, Biden has better chances. It is emphasized that the USA will continue to struggle with internal and external conflicts after the election. [Extracted from the article]

For the most part, histories of Australia's international relations locate the origins of its engagement with the international human rights regime in the 1940s. By then, however, debates about human rights had been appearing in the Australian newspapers for more than a century, focused, among other things, on the application of universal rights to the foreign peoples with which the colonies were engaged in their international affairs. Drawing on archival materials and newspaper articles from 1803 to 1901, this article examines the place of human rights in the international relations of nineteenth century colonial Australia. Focusing on debates over the use of Indian and South Sea Islander indentured labour, it demonstrates how ideas developed in the context of the anti-slavery movement of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shaped debates about the universal applicability of human rights in the Australian colonies' engagements with others. In doing so, it provides an account of the early development of human rights ideas in the Australian colonies and demonstrates how they sought to resist human rights claims in their international affairs, choosing instead to prioritise the pursuit of national (racial) unity and prosperity over the rights of others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States is highly divided along party lines, and this partisan divide has a tremendous impact on social relationships and even health-related behavior. Although group members frequently reject criticism from individuals outside their own group relative to criticism from within the group (intergroup sensitivity effect), it remains unclear whether this effect holds for calls for unity across party lines. Additionally, the democratic process may itself help to mend intergroup sensitivity. Our high-powered experiment with self-identified U.S. Democratic or Republican voters across three time points during the 2020 U.S. presidential election demonstrates consistent rejection of calls for unity across party lines, which differentially affected consequent reconciliatory behavior. While the ascription of unconstructive motives decreased reconciliatory behavior, heightened threat perceptions increased reconciliatory behavior. Effects were consistent across time and party affiliation, indicating that the democratic election process and the determination of the election outcome were unable to mend intergroup sensitivity across the partisan divide. Calls for unity affected the reported emotional experience of pride but these self-reports had no consistent impact on behavior. We discuss how understanding these psychological mechanics of partisanship helps to prevent democratic backsliding and promote reconciliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops a Lacanian theory of shame in dialogue with the work generated by shame pioneers in the post-Freudian traditions. The article's hypothesis is that shame is an index pointing to ontological lack. The neologism hontologie combines the French words for shame and ontology; it is a negative ontology proper to Lacan's theory that the subject lacks an essential core of identity or unity. Key concepts used to theorize shame in the psychoanalytic literature are examined, including the self, ego, and the gaze. These concepts are revised and incorporated into a Lacanian theory of shame starting with Lacan's mirror stage through the evolution of his work to include the object a, the partial drives, and the fundamental fantasy. In a cross-theoretical dialogue, shame is described in terms of the Imaginary and Symbolic registers. The article also addresses the misconception that Lacanians ignore the importance of affect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The connection between the unity of God and the multiplicity seen in the universe represents the central concern for the Sufi thinker, Muḥyī al-Dīn ibn 'Arabī (d. 638/1240). It deeply affected the thought of the Southeast Asian mystic, Ḥamza Fanṣūrī (d. 1590?), and his alleged disciple, Shams al-Dīn al-Sumatra'ī (d. 1630). Traces of this idea, through its popularisation in the poems of Fanṣūrī, exert a powerful influence on the Indonesian intellectual topography to this day. This article investigates the concept of unity and multiplicity, of the One expressed as the many in the phenomenal world, in Ibn 'Arabī's Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam (Ringstones of Wisdom). Through a close textual reading of the chapters of Ādam (Adam) and Ibrāhīm (Abraham) and their various commentaries by the most influential followers of Ibn 'Arabī, it concludes that the representation of 'oneness of being' (waḥdat al-wujūd), which was extensively taught by Fanṣūrī in Aceh, as an erasure of the God-Man divide, is untenable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'Wu xing' belongs to Guodian bamboo slips texts, which were buried around 300 BCE and excavated in 1993. Its relation with Mengzi is widely investigated. Yet how it is philosophically related to Xunzi receives little attention. In this article, I illustrate a neglected relation between 'Wu xing' and Xunzi, by elucidating how shan 善 (goodness) is first raised in 'Wu xing' and developed by Xunzi into a concrete idea. Both 'Wu xing' and Xunzi propose that shan exists in action, which boils down to the harmonious unity of the mind and body, and to secure the ideal relation between the mind and body requires constant learning and practicing, particularly, of rituals. Learning and practicing not only lead one to realize shan, but eventually to become a consummate practitioner of rituals, to use Xunzi's words, to become a sage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver selenide (Ag2Se) is a promising material for thermoelectric applications near room temperature. This work proposes a new fabrication route for bulk Ag2Se via a modified cold sintering process (mCSP) to enhance its figure‐of‐merit (zT). Unlike conventional CSP, mCSP employs thiol‐amine (TA) as a liquid medium that completely undissolves Ag2Se, leading to a free flow of the TA solution within interparticle channels. By sintering at temperatures above the boiling point of TA, the liquid evaporates, leaving behind a bulk Ag2Se material with a tube‐like porous structure (open pores). These induced defects strongly influence thermoelectric properties of Ag2Se, with a substantial increase in the Seebeck coefficient and decrease in electrical conductivity. The overall power factor of the mCSP sample with TA surpasses that of the control sample without TA, consistent with effective band modeling of Ag2Se. Moreover, the created micropores during mCSP effectively suppresses the thermal conductivity, leading to a maximum zT above 1.0 at 400 K by optimizing mCSP parameters. Importantly, the average zT within the 300–400 K range is around unity, representing one of the highest reported values. Further optimization of mCSP parameters can enhance average zT beyond unity, making Ag2Se more competitive with state‐of‐the‐art materials near room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pretty good transmission (PGT) scenario implies that the probability of sending one excitation from one extreme of a spin chain to the other can reach values arbitrarily close to the unity just by waiting a time long enough. The conditions that ensure the appearance of this scenario are known for chains with different interactions and lengths. Sufficient conditions for the presence of PGT depend on the spectrum of the Hamiltonian of the spin chain. Some works suggest that the time t ɛ at which the PGT takes place scales as 1 / (| ε | ) f (N) , where ɛ is the difference between the probability that a single excitation propagates from one extreme of the chain to the other and the unity, while f (N) is an unknown function of the chain length. In this paper, we show that the exponent is not a simple function of the chain length but a power law of the number of linearly independent irrational eigenvalues of the one-excitation block of the Hamiltonian that enter into the expression of the probability of transmission of one excitation. We explicitly provide examples of a chain showing that the exponent changes when the couplings between the spins change while the length remains fixed. For centrosymmetric spin chains the exponent is at most N / 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beirut’s 2015 garbage crisis provoked protests against unaccountable elites. Consociationalists consider such crises an external “load” on the system. I argue that consociation can actually cause crises by enabling elite rent-seeking. Drawing on Jessop and Poulantzas, I show that the consociational elite cartel “condenses” class interests into the Lebanese state. Concord among elites and inclusion of Gulf capital enabled rent creation through privatized garbage collection in the 1990s. This concord among rent-seeking elites made the state “agile.” In 2015, a return to consociational “immobilism” prevented effective waste-management. State and political economy must therefore be part of any assessment of consociationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that Hölderlin develops a new understanding of canonicity by way of related concepts such as law, measure, and harmony. The final version of his novel Hyperion "bends" the straight rule of the canon—the metaphor underlying the notion of a literary canon—against itself, transforming it into a Heraclitean bow: a dynamic play of conflicting tones or voices. Diotima, the novel's female protagonist, has an especially important role in this transformation: not simply through her diffuse physical beauty, which flows out into her surroundings rather than being concentrated into a plastic form, but through her voice and above all her words, which correct Hyperion's own Platonizing interpretation of the Heraclitean doctrine—an interpretation that tries to conceive of the discordant unity as visual rather than radically acoustic and musical. This counter-Platonic reading of Heraclitus contributes to the political radicalness of Hölderlin's novel, which regards the agonistic polis, ultimately extended to include the relationship between human beings and nature, as itself representing the highest unity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sloshing eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are studied for vertical cylinders of constant, finite depth occupied by a two-layer fluid. Two families of eigenfrequencies are obtained in the form expressing them explicitly via the eigenvalues of the Neumann Laplacian in the two-dimensional domain—the cylinder's cross section. Eigenfrequencies belonging to one of the families behave similar to those that describe sloshing in a homogeneous fluid, whereas the other family includes a large number of sufficiently small frequencies, provided the ratio of densities is close to unity. Various properties of eigenfrequencies are investigated for cylinders of arbitrary cross section; they include the dependence on the interface depth and the ratio of densities, and the asymptotics of the eigenvalue counting function. The behavior of eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenmodes is illustrated by numerical examples for circular cylinders without and with a radial baffle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unity of the Persons of the Trinity is the source and highest exemplar of Christian unity which all ecumenical initiatives seek. During his earthly ministry, our Lord Jesus Christ prayed for the unity of Christians (John 17:21). This prayer of Jesus furnishes us with the fundamental inspiration for the ecumenical movement in all its dimensions of expression. Right from the beginning, the Christian church has experienced rifts in both the West and the East. The modern ecumenical movement is an attempt to restore Christian unity against the background of 16th century divisions attendant upon the Protestant Reformation. It is also conducted in hindsight of the Protestant Reformation that the 19th and 20th century missionary activities of Christian churches from Europe in Nigeria took place. Several historical factors have shaped the successes and failures of significant missionary endeavors. This article highlights a few of those historical factors in a bid to identify the roots of discord and footprints of ecumenism at the beginning of the establishment of Christian churches in Nigeria. The goal intended to be realized through this historical excursus is to engender a livelier ecumenical hope for Christian unity in Nigeria while maintaining the already-achieved progress made so far, as well as countering further divisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines Gustav Landauer's mystical anarchism, focusing on the concept of overcoming death as a core element of his thought. It explores Landauer's rejection of death as both a linguistic superstition and a limited worldview, emphasizing the collective whole over individualism. The essay suggests that Landauer's representation of revolution moving from space to time includes his account of mystical anarchy, which fosters a deep connection with the past and a sense of unity with the world and humanity. This shift in perspective promotes a more fulfilling and meaningful existence within a larger, authentic community that is an antidote to the constraints of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver selenide (Ag2Se) is a promising material for thermoelectric applications near room temperature. This work proposes a new fabrication route for bulk Ag2Se via a modified cold sintering process (mCSP) to enhance its figure‐of‐merit (zT). Unlike conventional CSP, mCSP employs thiol‐amine (TA) as a liquid medium that completely undissolves Ag2Se, leading to a free flow of the TA solution within interparticle channels. By sintering at temperatures above the boiling point of TA, the liquid evaporates, leaving behind a bulk Ag2Se material with a tube‐like porous structure (open pores). These induced defects strongly influence thermoelectric properties of Ag2Se, with a substantial increase in the Seebeck coefficient and decrease in electrical conductivity. The overall power factor of the mCSP sample with TA surpasses that of the control sample without TA, consistent with effective band modeling of Ag2Se. Moreover, the created micropores during mCSP effectively suppresses the thermal conductivity, leading to a maximum zT above 1.0 at 400 K by optimizing mCSP parameters. Importantly, the average zT within the 300–400 K range is around unity, representing one of the highest reported values. Further optimization of mCSP parameters can enhance average zT beyond unity, making Ag2Se more competitive with state‐of‐the‐art materials near room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This book review discusses "Friendship as ecclesial binding: A reading of St Augustine's theology of friendship from his In Iohannis Evangelium Tractatus" by Phillip J. Brown. The book explores the concept of friendship in Augustine's theology, particularly in relation to the Donatist schism and classical notions of friendship. It examines Augustine's use of classical rhetoric and biblical references to promote ecclesial friendship and unity. While the book offers valuable insights into Augustine's sermons and themes of friendship, it lacks clarity and readability in its exposition. [Extracted from the article]

After their ejection from the Church of England, it is said that the English Presbyterians split into two factions. The 'Dons', led by Richard Baxter, pursued comprehension and reunion with the national Church, whilst the 'Ducklings' petitioned for an indulgence of their separation. In this article, it is argued that this twofold distinction is largely false. Rather, all English Presbyterians sought unity; their divergence in terms of practical policy stemmed from subtly different conceptions of catholicity. Thus, paradoxically, indulgence came to be seen as a pathway towards comprehension. Conventicle preaching, meanwhile, became a curious form of curacy, operating in tandem with the parish ministry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how the Castilian conquest of Granada and the conversion of its inhabitants to Christianity affected the Catholic Church; specifically, it analyses the role played by parish churches as recipients and administrators of religious donations, first from Muslims and later from converts. This study shows that the Church was not the only beneficiary of the donations it received, since these gifts were part of a strategy on the part of converts to be accepted as legal members of Castilian society and on the part of the Crown in its campaign for the unity of the kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]