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Abortion is a "public secret" in Latin America. It is highly restricted across most of the continent and yet millions of abortions take place every year. We use the sociological framework of "strategic ignorance" to argue that convenient not knowing, erasure, and concealment simultaneously prevent and facilitate abortions in Latin America. By drawing on interviews with people involved in abortion activism and access across the continent, we examine three sets of actors: the state, abortion providers, and individuals seeking abortions. When wielded by the state, strategic ignorance reproduces the status quo of the criminalization of abortion; however, when wielded by abortion providers and individuals seeking abortions, it creates the conditions for "clandestine" abortions to be procured without prosecution. Strategic ignorance is therefore mobilized by the powerful as well as the less powerful who are resisting state control of their fertility and reproductive lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes a modern version of real entity theory to explain the principle of the separate legal personality of the company. This theoretical model relies on scholarship from the wider social sciences that demonstrates that organisations bring about behaviours that would not exist but for the organisational context. Organisations are real in their consequences. The principle of separate legal personality condones, supports, and protects the ability of organisations to act autonomously. The article further suggests that we do not need a principle of corporate 'disregard' but should continue on the path of developing context-specific rules addressing questions arising out of corporate abuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Crónica Tributaria is the property of Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Ministerio de Hacienda y Funcion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

English Abstract: Mass exhumations and the mass unearthing of dead bodies are quite new phenomena in the history of humankind. The 'forensic turn' has led various disciplines to pay renewed attention to the dead and not only to the death. For a couple of decades, social anthropologists have been urged to (re)consider the materiality of death. This return of the dead bodies en masse has consequently made them look carefully at the ways in which corpses are dealt with in various situations of disasters or mass crime, but also made them aware of the various silences and denial mechanisms lastingly surrounding mass graves and buried corpses. This afterword aims to reflect on the way these silences and denial have shaped our disciplinary field and maintained some of its blind spots. French Abstract: Les exhumations et la mise au jour massives de cadavres sont des phénomènes plutôt nouveaux dans l'histoire de l'humanité. Le tournant médico-légal a conduit diverses disciplines à accorder une attention renouvelée aux morts et pas seulement à la mort. Pour leur part, les anthropologues sociaux ont été incités depuis quelques décennies à (re)considérer la matérialité de la mort. Ce retour en masse des cadavres les a, par conséquent, amenés à se pencher sur la manière dont les cadavres sont traités dans des situations de catastrophes ou de crimes de masse, mais aussi à prendre conscience des divers silences et mécanismes de déni qui entourent durablement les fosses communes et les cadavres enterrés. Cette postface vise à réfléchir à la manière dont ces silences et ces dénis ont façonné notre champ disciplinaire et maintenu certains de ses angles morts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article uses police and city administration files to explore the local level management of commercial sex in Cologne between the years 1956 and 1972, which was increasingly determined by processes of concealment, displacement and segregation. Of particular interest is the Sperrbezirk or 'restricted area' intended to banish women selling sex from public view, which is viewed historically in combination with the tolerance of so-called 'prostitute residences' and the opening of an Eros-Center in 1972. These local measures are analysed in their implementation, with a focus on the impact of city administrators, residents and women who sold sex in determining the moral geographies of the city's sex industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several researchers have linked the configuration of public places to the risk of sexual attack against women, including rape. Based on the routine activity approach and crime pattern theory, we expect to find the greatest risk of outdoor urban rape near public places that are "target rich," "offender rich," and "guardian poor." We apply the theory to 193 outdoor rape locations in Campinas, Brazil, 2010-2013. We measure distances to the nearest bus stops, bars, and residences, then compare each of these to the distance from random points in the same city. Consistent with theory, outdoor rape victimizations occur disproportionately near bus stops and bars, but at least 250 meters away from the location of the nearest residence of any type. This baseline model suggests that urban planners could make women more secure from outdoor sexual attack by improving the design and location of public places, reducing the concealment of such places, and enhancing guardianship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the sexual abuse of children is revealed, it is often found that other nonabusing adults were aware of the abuse but failed to act. During the past twenty years or so, the concealment of child sexual abuse (CSA) within organizations has emerged as a key challenge for child protection work. Recent events at Pennsylvania State University (PSU) received unprecedented media coverage and many commentators observed similarities with the abuse scandals in organized religion. Drawing upon Pierre Bourdieu's critique of the Catholic Church, this article problematizes the emphasis on the moral failings of individual elites, arguing that concealment of CSA is an historical feature of organized sport. It concludes that the emergence of child protection agendas in sport must be accompanied by more reflexive analyses about youth-sport if we are to significantly improve our capacity to safeguard children and young people from sexual violence within sport and physical education contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

One reason people value privacy is that it allows them to do or think bad things – things that, if made public, would warrant blame, censure, or punishment. Privacy protects several types of freedom – and one of these is the freedom to be bad. This paper will argue that this is a good thing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Austral de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades, Intituto de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Austral de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article looks at customary international law in a broad comparative perspective to show that, whilst the power to determine what customary law demands has been typically entrusted to authorities acting in the framework of special procedural arrangements, the international variant of customary law has never found a procedural 'resting place'. The article further argues that there is a connection between the un-procedural character of customary international law and its long-standing 'identity crisis'. It finally reads the latter through the lens of Jungian concepts of Mask and Shadow, which contribute to explaining the elements of uncertainty, ambiguity and concealment that are so central to discourses about international custom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We investigated cerebral hemodynamic response during concealment of information about a mock crime using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Participants either committed a mock crime or not and then were presented with a randomized series of crime‐relevant questions and crime‐irrelevant questions in a standard concealment task. Participants in the guilty group concealed crime‐relevant information about the mock crime but those in the innocent group did not. Recorded fNIRS timeline data sets were analyzed within the framework of a general linear model approach with an adaptive hemodynamic response function. In this analysis, we affirmed that an adaptive temporal parameter in hemodynamic response function during the concealment task differs from a conventionally used temporal parameter. Group analysis showed that the guilty group elicited greater hemodynamic response during the concealment task than did the innocent group. These results suggest that both the frontal cluster, including frontopolar and orbitofrontal areas, and the temporal cluster are involved in concealment. We also identified a potential application for fNIRS to detect concealment in criminal investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Previous research on the RAG color‐coded prioritization systems for the discovery of clandestine graves has not considered all the factors influencing the burial site choice within a GIS project. The goal of this technical note was to discuss a GIS‐based quantitative approach for the search of clandestine graves. The method is based on cross‐referenced RAG maps with cumulative suitability factors to host a burial, leading to the editing of different search scenarios for ground searches showing high‐(Red), medium‐(Amber), and low‐(Green) priority areas. The application of this procedure allowed several outcomes to be determined: If the concealment occurs at night, then the “search scenario without the visibility” will be the most effective one; if the concealment occurs in daylight, then the “search scenario with the DSM‐based visibility” will be most appropriate; the different search scenarios may be cross‐referenced with offender's confessions and eyewitnesses’ testimonies to verify the veracity of their statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landmark Supreme Court judgment in Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd provides a significant reassessment of the law relating to a court's ability to circumvent corporate personality. The Supreme Court considered that the application of ordinary legal principles (‘the concealment principle’) should ordinarily override a court's ability to apply an equitable veil-piercing doctrine (‘the evasion principle’). Whilst accepting the primacy of the concealment principle, this paper disputes the correctness of the Supreme Court's implied assertion that, in cases concerning ‘one-man type’ companies, the concealment principle should be advanced through application of agency-derived principles. Rather, this paper contends that the concealment principle should be progressed by adopting solutions derived from the law of constructive trusts and associated principles of equity. To an objective of providing a doctrinally sound framework for the development of the law in the post-Prest era, this paper further suggests that the constituent elements of the evasion principle could be consistent with the operation of a distinct species of constructive trust. Moreover, it is argued that, in future, this ‘evasion trust’ should, in complete abrogation of the equitable piercing doctrine, be developed so as to apply in all cases exhibiting intentional and fraudulent abuses of the incorporation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how newspaper accounts of criminality conceal and illuminate particular types of monstrosity in the postbellum United States. The paper offers an analysis of Gothicism—which typically frames the criminality of marginalized groups—as a technique of racial domination in narrative sites that construct knowledge on criminality and punishment. Analysis reveals a paradoxical lens of Gothicism in which oppressive groups can conceal monstrosity within a colonial context. The analysis of gothic accounts of criminality challenges the ways in which denial shapes modern monstrosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burning of human remains is one method used by perpetrators to conceal fatal trauma and expert opinions regarding the degree of skeletal evidence concealment are often disparate. This experiment aimed to reduce this incongruence in forensic anthropological interpretation of burned human remains and implicitly contribute to the development of research methodologies sufficiently robust to withstand forensic scrutiny in the courtroom. We have tested the influence of thermal alteration on pre-existing sharp and blunt trauma on twenty juvenile sheep radii in the laboratory using an automated impact testing system and an electric furnace. The testing conditions simulated a worst-case scenario where remains with pre-existing sharp or blunt trauma were exposed to burning with an intentional vehicular fire scenario in mind. All impact parameters as well as the burning conditions were based on those most commonly encountered in forensic cases and maintained constant throughout the experiment. The results have shown that signatures associated with sharp and blunt force trauma were not masked by heat exposure and highlights the potential for future standardization of fracture analysis in burned bone. Our results further emphasize the recommendation given by other experts on handling, processing and recording burned remains at the crime scene and mortuary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a strategic situation in which a firm may conceal the illegal activity of violating environmental regulations and a regulator seeks to verify the illegality to punish the firm. We study two main factors, fines and social monitoring, that influence the firm's decision in that situation. First, we find all the possible equilibria of our model and examine conditions of those two factors that lead to each equilibrium. Using the equilibrium conditions, we then study the optimal enforcement policies that induce the most socially desirable equilibrium and improve social welfare within each equilibrium. Our main findings are as follows. First, the two factors have a complementary relationship in getting the most desirable equilibrium: Certain high levels of fines and social monitoring are both needed. Second, if making the social monitoring above the certain critical level is impossible, setting the level of the fines as high as possible may be the optimal enforcement policy. Finally, if setting the fines above the certain critical level is not available, either, setting the level of the fines as low as possible might be optimal, and the higher level of the social monitoring does not necessarily bring higher social welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International wildlife trafficking has garnered increased attention in recent years with a focus on the illicit trade in ivory, rhinos, and other animals from Africa and Asia. Less is known about trafficking in the Americas. By conducting a systematic review of academic literature, popular accounts, and government reports, this case study attempts to identify the scope and methods of wildlife trafficking in the Americas and its connections to organised crime. Unlike arms or drug smuggling, individual operators with minimal connections to other criminal activities dominate the trade. Most perpetrators work independently and have expertise and interests in legitimate businesses involving animal products. Methods of concealment are frequently rudimentary and little appears to be known about primary trafficking routes. Overall, wildlife smuggling in the Western Hemisphere appears to be a small-scale activity, small in its aggregate amounts, and strongly linked to legitimate businesses operating in a low risk and technologically narrow environment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Concealed Information Test (CIT) aims to detect concealed information through differential physiological and behavioral responses to the concealed items. Although extensive experimental research has demonstrated the empirical validity of the CIT, the external validity of these studies has been questioned. One essential difference between experimental setups and realistic contexts is the voluntary act of committing the crime and concealing the critical (crime-related) items. The present study examined whether the detection efficiency of the CIT alters under conditions of free choice to commit a mock crime. In the 'choice' condition, participants chose to perform a mock crime or a computerized task, while in the control, 'instructed' condition participants were instructed either to commit the mock crime or a computerized task. The results revealed no significant differences in the detection efficiency between the two conditions in electrodermal, respiration, and reaction time measures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To evaluate coping strategies of Asian RA patients and their associations with health-related quality of life ( HRQoL). Methods A cross-sectional sample of patients with established RA was evaluated using measures of coping (Coping in Rheumatoid Arthritis Questionnaire [C- RAQ]; appraisal of coping effectiveness and helplessness), HRQoL (Mental and Physical Components [ MCS/ PCS] of the Short Form 12v2; Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease score [ RAID]) and clinical/laboratory assessments. Principal component analysis was conducted to identify coping strategies. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between coping strategies and HRQoL outcomes. Results The study sample comprised 101 patients, 81% female, 72.3% Chinese, mean age 54.2 ± 12.6 years. Five coping strategies were identified: Active problem solving ( E = 5.36), Distancing ( E = 2.30), Concealment ( E = 1.89), Cognitive reframing ( E = 1.55) and Emotional expression ( E = 1.26). Concealment was consistently associated with PCS ( r s = −0.23, P = 0.049), MCS ( r s = −0.24, P = 0.04) and RAID ( rs = 0.39, P < 0.001), and was significant in the multivariate model to explain lower disease-specific HRQoL ( RAID) even after adjusting for disease activity, coping effectiveness and helplessness (β = 0.20, P = 0.04). Emotional expression was associated with poorer physical HRQoL ( PCS), after adjusting for disease severity, body mass index, coping effectiveness, helplessness and Concealment (β = −0.39, P < 0.001). Perceived coping-related helplessness was significant in multivariate correlates for PCS (β = −0.25, P = 0.036), MCS (β = −0.29, P = 0.02) and RAID (β = 0.53, P < 0.001), after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion Concealment and Emotional expression are associated with lower disease-specific HRQoL and physical HRQoL respectively, with the former coping strategy likely to be culture-specific. Interventions should tailor psychosocial support needs to address not only coping strategies, but patients' perception of their coping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The law governing police interrogation provides perverse incentives. For criminal suspects, the law rewards obstruction and concealment. For police officers, it honors deceit and psychological aggression. For the courts and the rest of us, it encourages blindness and rationalization. This Article contends that the law could help foster better behaviors. The law could incentivize criminals to confess without police trickery and oppression. It could motivate police officers involved in obtaining suspect statements to avoid chicanery and duress. And, it could summon courts and the rest of us to speak more truthfully about whether suspect admissions are the product of informed, intelligent, and voluntary decisions. States could promote these outcomes by providing valuable sentencing concessions to those who confess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the discursive and material impact of ‘coming out’ on trans (sexual/gendered) identities and bodies. By drawing on the lived experiences of local trans subjects, the centrality of disclosure within larger lbgti discourses on liberation is troubled. Trans lives often run against the grain of a clear demarcation of a public inside and outside and, as this paper demonstrates at the hand of autobiographic narratives and photography, the very position of being trans(sexual/gendered) escapes the delineations of visibility and readability that discourses surrounding the closet largely maintain. By pitting the secrecy of passing (as a cisgendered subject) against the disclosure of ‘coming out’ as trans, the identities of trans men and women are discursively constructed (be it in academic discourses or even in the popular media) as necessarily visible and knowable. This idea is undermined by the actual fact that the successful gender transitioning of a trans subject largely renders their transness invisible. At the same time, emphasis on trans visibility may present a positive move towards lobbying for the equality and freedom of trans people. Yet, the notion of ‘progress’, of a move from concealment to open celebration, can in effect give rise to a teleological conception of full public disclosure that ignores the complexities of trans lives, and the extreme conditions of precarity that they are often subjected to. This paper argues for a conception of ‘being trans’ as something that is neither completely open and visible, nor totally secret, but rather as something that is wrought by continuous processes of concealment and exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The impact of modern camouflage on Australian military practices and on the public imagination intensified during the Second World War. A new organisation was created to support national security through concealment and deception. Its core members were civilians and included a zoologist who specialised in animal camouflage as well as a group of Australia's leading artists who specialised in optical tricks and visual illusions. While concealment and deception remain central to contemporary approaches to national security (i.e. part of a counterintelligence strategy), the history outlined here draws attention to ethical conflicts and conceptual struggles in relation to camouflage and warfare that were important in WWII, but may seem quaint today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at some cases of British Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) including "R. v Roberts (Paul)," "R. v Chapman (Glenda)," "R. v Chapman (Paul)" involving laws related to criminal procedure. Topics discussed include laws related to disguising, converting or transferring criminal property under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (POCA), concealment of criminal property, and criminal proceedings.

In this article, I contribute to conversations in anthropology regarding the dynamics of secrecy that so often attend to informal and illegal practices. Tracing the historical unfolding of an industry that involves indigenous Maya men who make clothing to sell in regional markets, I am interested in the contemporary value of concealment for clothing producers whose work was once regulated by the state, but is now regulated by an array of market and non-market actors. I find that practices of concealment hold particular value for Maya men whose relationships to various forms of political and economic authority have been marked largely by violence and exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on the authors' response to the critiques of Chinese scholars Liao Mingchun and Liang Tao over the mutual concealment between relatives, and the great righteousness suppressing the affections. The authors responded Liao's understanding of the word yin in the Analects 13.18 text of Chinese philosopher Confucius. They also highlight Liang's interpretation of certain paragraphs in the "Mengzi" book of Confucius.

An essay is presented on the author's interpretation for the Analects 13.18 of Chinese text by philosopher Confucius, which heated debates among scholars in mainland China. He notes the claims of critics arguing the mutual concealment of justice, kinship and human rights. The author also argues that the word yin in the Analects passage does not mean concealment, based on the philosophical grounds on the intrinsic logic of Confucianism.

Background: The use of drug detection dogs and other punitive policing methods remain common at music festivals in Australia and elsewhere, despite concern about iatrogenic effects and recommendations for their overhaul. While drug amnesty bins are a commonly implemented strategy purported to mitigate risk associated with policing, the efficacy of this intervention is debated. This paper investigates two of the most concerning iatrogenic effects of drug policing practices at Australian festivals - internal concealment and panic consumption - and explores the potential efficacy of drug amnesty bins.Methods: A stepped, mixed methods study (qual→QUANT→qual) comprised qualitative interviews with key informants and festivalgoers, and a quantitative online survey completed by almost 2000 Australian festivalgoers (52% male; median age 20 years old). Descriptive statistics were performed alongside bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions predicting internal concealment and panic consumption. Inductive thematic analysis was used to examine the qualitative data.Results: Among respondents who had ever used illicit drugs at festivals (n=1065), 23% reported hiding drugs internally to evade police detection and 17% reported panic consumption. Female respondents and respondents expecting dogs were at greater odds of reporting internal concealment. The qualitative data provided greater insight into the risky nature of internal concealment practices and panic incited by police at the gates. When asked if they would have considered discarding their drugs into a drug amnesty bin had they been concerned about detection, less than a quarter (24%) said they definitely or probably would have.Conclusion: This paper adds to the evidence regarding iatrogenic effects of punitive drug policing practices at festivals. The findings have implications for shifting away from punitive policies to ones focused on public health. Additionally, the findings suggest drug amnesty bins should not be viewed as an adequate response for averting harms from drug policing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT With the massive deployment of biometric applications, protecting the biometric template has attracted great attention because of the privacy issue. Although many proposals on protecting biometric template have been reported in literature, design a method simultaneously satisfying four criteria, that is performance, non-invertibility, cancellability, and diversity still remains unsolved. In this paper, we proposed a two-dimensional random projected minutiae vicinity decomposition (MVD) technique to secure minutiae-based fingerprint template. Minutiae vicinity is first formed from a set of fingerprint minutiae and further used to generate a set of local features, namely MVD features; then, a random matrix derived from user-specific token is used to project MVD features for the concealment of the topology of MVD. Comprehensive experiments on fingerprint verification competition datasets are carried out, and the lowest equal error rate obtained in the stolen-token scenario is 3.07% and 1.02% for fingerprint verification competition 2002 database 1 and database 2, respectively. Besides, detail analyses on the irreversibility, cancellability, template size, and computational cost have been carried out. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The main aim of this article is to compare prevalence and frequency, ages of onset and desistance, and criminal career duration, according to self-reports and convictions. Method In the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, 411 London males have been followed up from age 8 to age 48, in interviews and criminal records. Results Virtually all males admitted at least one of eight offences, compared with about one third who were convicted. In self-reports, the number of offences was over 30 times greater, the age of onset was earlier and the career duration was longer, compared with convictions. However, the age of desistance was generally later according to convictions. Conclusions Self-reported ages of desistance may be affected by increasing concealment with age. The gap between the first self-reported offence and the first conviction provides an opportunity for early intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the rules issued by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals of the U.S.to counter restitution claims and discusses the significance of providing maintenance and care services for the sailors. Topics discussed include description of foundational principles and affirmative defenses to ensure care services, forfeitment of rights of the seaman for maintenance and cure benefits in case of off-duty injuries, methods of objective measurement of concealment of medical issues.

This article examines how the Jewish vote was brought to bear in the presidential elections of 1944 and in the mid-term elections of 194. It also reveals the essential difficulties that American Zionist leaders faced in activating the Jewish vote, and their efforts to cope with the complex challenges of ethnic politics in the US of the 1940s. Documents of American Zionist leaders at the time show that the political use of the Jewish vote, so simple, so natural to the Zionist establishment in Palestine and in the WZO, presented a predicament for the Americans. It began with the need to cover up the very fact of its use and went on to set the political and social identity of some American Zionist leaders on a collision course with the implications of the ethnic vote in the American political arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides practical advice for Florida attorneys on how to apply statutes of limitation (SOLs) in institutional childhood sex abuse cases as of 2014, focusing on allegations of fraudulent concealment and repressed memory in relation to efforts to avoid SOLs. Several childhood sex abuse-related legal cases are addressed, including matters involving the Archdiocese of Miami Inc. Various Florida statutes are mentioned, along with intentional torts and the equitable estoppel doctrine.

The article focuses on various legal developments occurred in South Africa for the exercise of jurisdiction over stateless vessels. Topics discussed include the incident of slipping up of the shipping vessel Samudera Pasific Number 8 from Port of Cape Town, South Africa, legal Purple Notice being given to the Samudera Pasific by the intergovernmental organization Interpol and the international law for shipping and stateless vessels shipping on high seas.

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between deception efficiency and individual differences in executive functioning (EF) and personality, with a particular focus on the influence of social desirability. A mock crime scenario was used, followed by a Concealed Information Test based on reaction times (RT-based CIT). Individual measures of EF (inhibition, shifting, and working memory [WM]) and personality (the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised, EPQ-R), plus a measure of social desirability (Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, BIDR) were collected in a distinct session. Results indicated that better executive functions were associated with faster responses to irrelevant items in the RT-based CIT. In a regression analysis, individual differences in shifting and spatial WM were significant predictors of the extra-time taken to lie, compare to truth-telling. No significant relations between deception outcomes and personality measures were noted. Looking at social desirability, the Impression Management scale predicted a further portion of variance in the extra time required to lie, beyond the contribution of executive functions. The utility of an individual differences approach to deception is advocated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use and limits of self-valuation models related to valuation of real estate and addresses people's concealing of their property's true value for incentives like real estate taxation and land condemnations. It presents a system that will help in inducing property owners to make an honest estimation of their property's value.