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Voltage distribution in sub-cellular micro-domains such as neuronal synapses, small protrusions, or dendritic spines regulates the opening and closing of ionic channels, energy production, and thus, cellular homeostasis and excitability. Yet how voltage changes at such a small scale in vivo remains challenging due to the experimental diffraction limit, large signal fluctuations, and the still limited resolution of fast voltage indicators. Here, we study the voltage distribution in nano-compartments using a computational approach based on the Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations for the electro-diffusion motion of ions, where inward and outward fluxes are generated between channels. We report a current–voltage (I–V) logarithmic relationship generalizing Nernst law that reveals how the local membrane curvature modulates the voltage. We further find that an influx current penetrating a cellular electrolyte can lead to perturbations from tens to hundreds of nanometers deep, depending on the local channel organization. Finally, we show that the neck resistance of dendritic spines can be completely shunted by the transporters located on the head boundary, facilitating ionic flow. To conclude, we propose that voltage is regulated at a subcellular level by channel organization, membrane curvature, and narrow passages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed Monte Carlo and dynamic Monte Carlo simulations to model the diffusion of monodispersed suspensions composed of impenetrable cuboidal particles, specifically hard board-like particles (HBPs), in the presence of parallel hard walls. The impact of the walls was investigated by adjusting the size of the simulation box while maintaining constant packing fractions, fixed at η = 0.150, for systems consisting of HBPs with prolate, dual-shaped, and oblate geometries. We observed that increasing the distance between the walls led to the recovery of an isotropic bulk phase, while local particle organization near the walls remained stable. Due to their shape, oblate HBPs exhibit more efficient anchoring at wall surfaces compared to prolate shapes. The formation of nematic-like particle assemblies near the walls, confirmed by theoretical calculations based on density functional theory, significantly influenced local particle dynamics. This effect was particularly pronounced to the extent that a modest portion of cuboids near the walls tended to diffuse exclusively in planes parallel to the confinement, even more efficiently than observed in the bulk regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Middle Eastern contexts, like Jordan, the public participation spaces referred to as “invited spaces” for state-led participation are heavily controlled by the state and its representatives. This paper explores the various ways in which grassroots and civic organizations navigate and sometimes manipulate the state apparatus’ planning rules and grids to create alternative modes of meaningful participation in the production of the city. Following the Arab Spring in 2011, local grassroots organizations started adopting “new languages and taktikat” (تَكتِيكَات,’ tactics in English, words used by the grassroots to describe their practices) that allowed them to move beyond direct confrontation with the state in the so-called “invented” spaces of participation led by civil society. Building on de Certeau’s notion of “tactics,” this paper looks at these approaches as tactics used by grassroots to negotiate power and participation within neoliberal top-down authorities. Ultimately, it argues against viewing grassroots initiatives solely in terms of a binary lens of legality/informality or “invited”/“invented” dichotomies, as they neither function as insurgents nor remain passive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the relationship between different types of proximities—network and spatial—in relation to innovation in the context of the R&D service industry. In doing so, it contributes to the recent debate in the literature on the effects of network connectivity versus geographical colocation. The paper uses original data from a survey of 145 R&D service establishments in Montreal (Canada) and their interactions with both local and nonlocal organizations. The findings of the paper indicate that collaborative networks (both local and nonlocal) have a stronger association with R&D service innovation than spatial proximity to R&D service organizations and other collaborators. However, when these two dimensions are interacted, they are shown to function as substitutes. The paper also demonstrates that the relationship between spatial proximity and networking varies across three dimensions: local versus nonlocal networking, the type of relationship (client, supplier, competitor, and research institutes and university), and the type of network connectivity—brokerage versus closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of the reform and opening up, the non-state Sectors (NSS) in China and Vietnam have developed rapidly. The ruling parties, which used to have comprehensive control over politics, economy, and society, have now found it difficult to control the new economic space. To effectively control NSS, the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of Vietnam have attempted to embed themselves in NSS by expanding grassroots party organizations. In this process, they have adopted different strategies and procedures, resulting in two distinct models: China's expansion model, which is characterized by a proactive approach combining rigidity and flexibility, and Vietnam's expansion model, which is characterized by a flexible approach with a focus on soft cooperation. This study compares the formation, nature, and main characteristics of the two models for party organization expansion in China and Vietnam, hoping to provide a more comprehensive and objective understanding of the developments in China and Vietnam, preliminarily elucidate, from an academic perspective, the operational model of party-building in NSS in the two countries, and enrich the theoretical research on the continuous expansion of the existing Leninist parties in the new era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, residents and community organizations in the ethnically diverse neighborhood of Albany Park, on Chicago’s northwest side, have been resisting gentrification, emerging as one of the city’s most active neighborhoods in anti-displacement organizing and policy setting. We seek to understand how a multiplicity of actors, human and non-human, have coalesced to achieve a modicum of success in stalling, subverting, and overcoming gentrification and its attendant displacement of low-income residents. We draw on the work of urban assemblage theorists to build a temporal and spatial analysis, showing the complex assemblage of resistance actors, their experiences, and their narratives over a 20-year time span. Despite the fear of many scholars and residents, Albany Park shows that once started, gentrification is not inevitable. We introduce the concept of “inplacement” to show resistance to displacement is possible through the work of civil society organizations and other neighborhood actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the relationship between indigenous tourism, crisis situations and resilience from a theoretical and methodological standpoint. The analysis is based on a research process related to indigenous tourism that was implemented during and in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The process involved theoretical discussion of the relationship between tourism, crises and resilience in indigenous peoples as well as the development of innovative methodologies for collaborative work in conditions of confinement for health reasons and openness of the territories. The work was undertaken in the understanding that indigenous tourism is considered a particular type of tourism in which indigenous individuals, families, organizations and communities exercise control and offer an opportunity for encounters. At the same time, however, it has been seen to be a political proposal put forward by indigenous peoples themselves to strengthen their culture and organization. Historically, indigenous peoples have deployed their own strategies in 'crisis' situations. Based on this research and the experience of indigenous tourism in Chile, the article discusses, analyses and links these three concepts from a theoretical standpoint before concluding with a methodological proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revealing the mechanisms underlying community organization has long been a central interest for ecologists and biogeographers. Recent findings have suggested that different dimensions of biodiversity may be shaped by contrasting ecological processes, offering complementary insights about community assembly. However, studies integrating multiple diversity facets across the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) remain insufficient. We combined multiple analytical frameworks to unravel the patterns (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) and correlates (local environment, land use and dispersal pathways) of aquatic arthropod diversity in lotic (stream) and lentic (wetland) ecosystems of the QTP. We observed strong phylogenetic signals in most functional traits, pointing to the influence of evolutionary processes on these faunas. Null models indicated that community structure in most streams and wetlands was mostly the result of random draws from the regional functional and phylogenetic species pool. The prevalence of stochasticity was most likely associated with the interplay of the paleogeographical history, the extremely harsh environmental conditions at high elevations and the subsequent impoverishment of the regional species pool. However, some streams and wetlands also exhibited phylogenetic overdispersion and functional clustering, emphasizing the potential importance of competitive exclusion and habitat filtering, respectively. Variation partitioning further revealed that both environmental filtering and dispersal limitation accounted for the spatial variation of diversity measures, with local environment overriding the effects of space and catchment land use. Overall, this study improves our understanding of community organization and diversity patterns in environmentally extreme alpine catchments, with broad implications for the conservation and management of one of the world’s most important high‐altitude treasures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shortage of adequately trained healthcare providers (HCPs) able to treat adults who have experienced childhood interpersonal trauma (CIT) is a pressing concern. This study explored HCPs’ training needs for a trauma-focused psychoeducational group intervention and the potential barriers and facilitators to accessing such training. Three 1-hour focus group sessions were conducted with HCPs (n = 17) from two urban and one rural community healthcare organization serving diverse populations in Ontario, Canada, including under-housed people, women struggling with mental health and addiction, and LGBTQ+ populations. On average, participants had 2.4 years in their current role and 18.1 years of mental health field experience. Thematic analysis revealed key findings: a strong clinical need for trauma services, accessible training programs, and broadly applicable interventions relevant for diverse populations. Notably, participants emphasized the clinical advantages and increased accessibility of a virtual training programs focused on psychoeducational treatment interventions, particularly within community-based healthcare settings. This study highlights the potential of a virtual psychoeducational training programs for HCPs to address this critical gap in healthcare provision for individual with CIT. It also underscores the need to move beyond training program development and focus on implementation and sustainability of interventions in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The redevelopment and management of brownfield sites by grassroots cultural organizations have been shown to have a transformative role on communities and cities, implementing bottom-up culture-led urban regeneration rather than top-down models which often lead to gentrification. Based on analyses and interviews with actors from major grassroots cultural centres in Berlin (ufaFabrik) and Bratislava (Nová Cvernovka), this study challenges previous research on cultural brownfields focusing on temporary artistic interventions, arguing instead that long-term commitment, care, participation and cooperation between cultural organizations and local administrations can lead to more sustainable regeneration models in which cultural brownfields operate as commons-based ecosystems of care. The study also offers a unique insight into the “western” vs. “eastern” specifics, highlighting the fact that post-socialist administrations can serve as a barrier to a successful redevelopment through stigmatized public-NGO relationships, where artists and communities are often perceived as a “political opposition”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe Chaco Salteño of Argentina is a global hotspot of land conflict and climate change pressures that, together, threaten the livelihoods of local inhabitants. This study sought to examine the role that formal land tenure and other mechanisms of access to resources play in building resilient livelihoods in the face of multiple stressors. Using a qualitative approach, we analyze the role of mechanisms controlling access to resources in securing the conditions necessary for adaptation. We find that the two primary adaptive mechanisms identified by producers (formalized land tenure and local producers’ organizations) vary greatly in their feasibility and contributions to livelihood resilience. We explore these to better understand how they are perceived by producers and the extent to which they are employed. Findings from this study contribute to efforts to advance sustainable development by contextualizing the importance of varied strategies in supporting resilient livelihoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sub-optimal community health service delivery (CHSD) has been a challenge constraining community health systems (CHS) globally, especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. This paper examined the key factors that either enhance or constrain CHSD in Nigeria at the individual, community/facility and governmental levels while recommending evidence-based solutions for sustaining and improving CHSD within the framework of CHS. Methods: Data were collected through a qualitative study undertaken in three states (Anambra, Akwa-Ibom and Kano) in Nigeria. Respondents were formal/informal health providers, community leaders and representatives of civil society organizations all purposively sampled. There were 90 in-depth interviews and 12 focus group discussions, which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using codes to identify key themes. Results: Factors constraining community health service delivery at the individual level were poor health-seeking behaviour, preference for quacks and male dominance of service delivery; at the community/facility level were superstitious/cultural beliefs and poor attitude of facility workers; at the governmental level were inadequate financial support, embezzlement of funds and inadequate social amenities. Conversely, the enabling factors at the individual level were community members' participation and the compassionate attitude of informal providers. At the community and facility levels, the factors that enhanced service delivery were synergy between formal and informal providers and support from community-based organizations and structures. At the governmental level, the enhancing factors were the government's support of community-based formal/informal providers and a clear line of communication. Conclusions: Community health service delivery through a functional community-health system can improve overall health systems strengthening and lead to improved community health. Policy-makers should integrate community health service delivery in all program implementation and ultimately work with the community health system as a veritable platform for effective community health service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractRapid urbanization, poverty and socio-economic inequalities are causes of the backlog of informal settlements in South Africa, as dwellers cannot access formal housing schemes. Such unplanned settlements often need more basic services, social facilities and adequate housing. Nevertheless, informal settlements are core parts of the urban form rather than places for eradication. This article examines self-building and community-led upgrading practices in three case studies of partially and non-serviced informal settlements in Durban. It adopts action research participatory methods to coproduce knowledge and map various perspectives around community-led housing upgrading, building materials and construction skills in an effort to enhance community resilience and self-reliance. The findings reveal the key drivers and challenges associated with self-building, informal procurement and overall project management of the housing process. Successful grassroots practices demonstrate community ownership and dweller control beyond the physical upgrading per se. The lessons learned call for inclusive, participatory, and incremental approaches for effective community organization, self-reliance, social capital and livelihood development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Individuals who serve as peer mentors within Canadian spinal cord injury (SCI) community service organizations are reporting compassion fatigue from their roles. One psychological resource that has the potential to reduce compassion fatigue and promote overall mental health among peer mentors is self-compassion. However, there is limited knowledge of any self-compassion programs that have been tailored to address the needs of these individuals. To address this limitation, this paper outlines a protocol to examine the feasibility, acceptability, implementation, and effectiveness of a tailored self-compassion program to reduce compassion fatigue and enhance compassion satisfaction, self-compassion, and mental health among peer mentors within Canadian SCI community service organizations. Design: The 6-week online program will be tested among 20 individuals (five separate groups of four) who serve as peer mentors within two Canadian SCI community service organizations. Method: Feasibility and implementation data will be collected throughout the duration of the program and post program while acceptability data will be collected post program. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, we will follow a single-group quasi-experimental design with surveys (pre/post/follow-up) and semi-structured interviews (post/follow-up). Results: Results from this study are intended to inform the design of a self-compassion program for peer mentors within Canadian SCI community service organizations who experience compassion fatigue and reduced mental health. Conclusion: Providing evidence for the effectiveness of this program could prove useful for Canadian SCI community service organizations who wish to better support and retain their peer mentors and thus improve the quality of support they provide to mentees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavior change campaigns are crucial in combatting illegal wildlife trade (IWT) by reducing demand, but assessing their impact requires robust strategies. The Behavior‐Centered Theory of Change (BC‐ToC) integrates Theory of Change frameworks with decision‐making models to design and evaluate interventions using behavioral and progress indicators. We used BC‐ToC to design two behavioral change interventions aimed at reducing demand for two threatened Venezuelan bird species: the Yellow‐shouldered Amazon (YSA) and the Red Siskin (RS). We developed workshops to engage community organizations and conservationists to identify audience groups, evaluate alternative behaviors considering impact and benefits, and define behavior‐based indicators for monitoring change. For YSA, two audience groups with similar demand motivations emerged: “common folks” (women, 20–70 yo, low education) and “young professionals” (20–30 yo, educated). Enjoying parrots through outdoor activities emerged as an alternative. For RS, the main audience segments were the breeder groups “South American node” (Venezuelan and Brazilian) and “Iberian node” (Spaniels and Portuguese). Iberian with wider age range (30–60 yo) and greater education than South American. Adopting responsible sourcing practices surfaced as the alternative behavior. We described behavioral levers, intermediary outputs, and indicators reflecting changes in knowledge, attitudes, norms, and control. We discussed challenges for adoption, emphasizing systemic barriers and the role of regulations, and provided ground‐tailored strategies for effective behavioral interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of health misinformation has made the task of health communicators more difficult. However, the success of health messaging hinges not only on meaningful message content but also on the credibility of who is delivering the message. "Trusted messengers," like local leaders and community-based organizations, have a greater ability to influence improvements in community health, due to their shared cultural experience with their communities. Health communication agencies should empower trusted messengers with the tools they need to succeed in health communication. One tool critical for their success is a succinct health messaging framework to plan and implement health messaging. Marketing has "See, Think, Do"—a simple, practical framework used to influence consumer purchases. As a more trustworthy corollary, we propose the "Lights, Facts, and Goals" framework, a concise, authentic, and transparent method for planning, implementing, and assessing health messaging campaigns that influence health improvements. "Lights" refers to different methods of reaching communities like trusted messengers, advertisements, and text messages. "Facts" refers to key sourced scientific information relevant to a specific aspect of community health. "Goals" refers to actions community members can take to improve their health in connection with the communicated health facts. This article describes how the "Lights, Facts, and Goals" framework both simplifies the creation and communication of scientifically sound health messaging and strengthens the partnership between health agencies and trusted messengers in the community. Through "Lights, Facts, and Goals," community-based organizations, community leaders, and their partners will be more effective at improving community health through messaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental evidence suggests that larger plant species generally have a competitive advantage and thus should dominate communities where competition for limiting resources (i.e. water, soil nutrients, light, space and/or mutualists) is intense. Additionally, researchers have postulated that competition can generate negative co‐occurrence patterns. However, neither expectation is strongly supported by empirical evidence.In a relatively undisturbed old‐field plant community, we explored the interdependency of these expectations by examining pairwise species co‐occurrences, and pairwise species maximum height differences (measured here as the maximum potential height of the species), and by estimating competition intensity for sample plots using field transplants grown with and without neighbours. Specifically, we tested whether maximum species height differences were greater for negatively co‐occurring species pairs than for positively co‐occurring pairs found growing together. We also tested whether the maximum species height differences and co‐occurrence status of species pairs were associated with the average competitive environment they tended to be found growing in.Negatively co‐occurring species pairs found growing together differed more in maximum height than in positively co‐occurring species pairs that were more similar in maximum height. Additionally, species maximum height differences between negatively co‐occurring species pairs where higher in less competitively intense plots, whereas species maximum heights were more similar between positively co‐occurring species pairs found growing together in less competitively intense plots.Synthesis. Our results suggest an association between estimates of competition intensity generated using transplant experiments and co‐occurrence patterns. These findings contribute to our understanding of the association between size‐mediated competition and spatial organization in plant communities and provide a framework for future research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effectiveness of hospital-based transitional opioid programs (TOPs), which aim to connect patients with substance use disorders (SUD) to ongoing treatment in the community following initiation of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment in the hospital, hinges on successful patient transitions. These transitions are enabled by strong partnerships between hospitals and community-based organizations (CBOs). However, no prior study has specifically examined barriers and facilitators to establishing SUD care transition partnerships between hospitals and CBOs. Objective: To identify barriers and facilitators to developing partnerships between hospitals and CBOs to facilitate care transitions for patients with SUDs. Design: Qualitative study using semi structured interviews conducted between November 2022-August 2023. Participants: Staff and providers from hospitals affiliated with four safety-net health systems (n=21), and leaders and staff from the CBOs with which they had established partnerships (n=5). Approach: Interview questions focused on barriers and facilitators to implementing TOPs, developing partnerships with CBOs, and successfully transitioning SUD patients from hospital settings to CBOs. Key Results: We identified four key barriers to establishing transition partnerships: policy and philosophical differences between organizations, ineffective communication, limited trust, and a lack of connectivity between data systems. We also identified three facilitators to partnership development: strategies focused on building partnership quality, strategic staffing, and organizing partnership processes. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that while multiple barriers to developing hospital-CBO partnerships exist, stakeholders can adopt implementation strategies that mitigate these challenges such as using mediators, cross-hiring, and focusing on mutually beneficial services, even within resource-limited safety-net settings. Policymakers and health system leaders who wish to optimize TOPs in their facilities should focus on adopting implementation strategies to support transition partnerships such as inadequate data collection and sharing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many universities in Canada offer experiential education (EE) opportunities for students that are both field-based and on-campus. Despite a commitment to EE, there is a paucity of information about various stakeholder perspectives of EE and the equity implications of the different approaches to EE. Furthermore, it is unclear how EE programs at universities changed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions. Purpose: This study aims to explore stakeholder perspectives of EE experiences and understand the shifts to EE, perhaps towards more equitable and accessible EE opportunities, prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology/Approach: We used an exploratory case study approach involving a survey with university students, interviews with university instructors and community organizations, and a document review, to understand stakeholder perspectives and shifts to EE due to COVID-19. Findings/Conclusions: Findings suggest that there are consistent benefits of EE, and barriers to EE, across student, instructor, and organization perspectives, where learning from changes prompted by the pandemic could be beneficial to increase equity in EE. Implications: We recommend that instructors and institutions continue to work in partnership with students and community organizations to build virtual, on-campus, and local field-based EE (FBEE) opportunities that aim to increase equitable access and impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the GDL Vulnerability Index (GVI), a new composite index to monitor and analyse the human components of vulnerability to climate change, natural disasters, and other kinds of shocks, for societies and geographic areas across the globe. The GVI is a simple and flexible index designed for use by experts as well as non-experts in the climate field, including researchers, (local) politicians, NGO's, journalists, advocacy groups and grassroot movements. The GVI is based on an additive formula that summarizes the essence of seven socioeconomic dimensions of vulnerability into a single number. This formula approach sets this index apart from other existing indices. Any person who knows the values of the underlying indicators can compute the vulnerability score of an area by filling in these values in the GVI formula. Validity tests show that the data-driven GVI measures the vulnerability dimensions coping capacity, adaptive capacity and susceptibility as well as major expert-based indices. This offers great prospects for use in situations where no other vulnerability information is available. Here we explain the construction of the GVI, test its validity and present GVI values for (almost) all countries of the world and for major global regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Turkey's Kurdish borderlands, smugglers occasionally entered insurgent corridors, the guerrilla-controlled mountainous passages, to bypass state control. This article takes insurgent corridors to frame sovereignty as monopolization of space-making and proposes space-making as a key analytic to examine the forms of sovereignty that facilitate or undermine specific extractive practices. As a spatial form, corridors are central to the claiming and exercising sovereignty and extraction without having complete territorial control across a bounded space or the whole population in that space, the territoriality identified with nation-states. By controlling corridor space and monopolizing the traffic in them, colonial empires, nation-states, corporations, and rebel movements exercised sovereignty and extracted value that is carried or generated by corridor traffic. The insurgent corridors further complicate corridor sovereignty as the Kurdish guerillas monopolized corridor-making without monopolizing and extracting the corridor traffic under a post-nation-state political vision that favors grassroots democratized organization of mobilities and livelihoods rather than centralized exclusive authority and biopolitical governance on them. The insurgent corridors constituted what I call countersovereignty, a practice contesting not only the existing state sovereignty but also political models of nation-state sovereignty and territoriality. While anthropologists understand refusal as disengagement from actors claiming sovereign superiority, the insurgent corridor countersovereignty entailed a distinct form of political refusal that rejects mimicking state sovereignty and associated forms of biopolitical governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the human ecology framework, which describes social structure as dynamic and social action as environmentally contingent, this article examines behavior and attitudes around accepting help after disaster. Through two years of longitudinal in-depth interviews with 59 households in one community whose homes flooded during Hurricane Harvey, this study describes perceived shifts in the help provided by local organizations, institutions, and the social networks of community members—or what we call the local ecology of aid. While flood victims experienced an immense, and seemingly universal, outpouring of support in the immediate aftermath of the storm, in the ensuing months they reported a sharp decrease in this interpersonal support. In the absence of a local ecology of aid marked by the universal provision of aid, concerns about stigmatization began to inform decisions about accepting help. Our findings have implications for ecological theorizing, for understanding stigma and help-seeking or accepting help, as well as for fostering community resilience—a growing concern given the expanding scope and intensity of climate-related disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Regulatory agencies work in a rapidly changing context: their activities are under increasing scrutiny, in which they intensively interact with societal stakeholders, such as media, labor associations, and grassroots organizations. In this article, we argue these (societal) stakeholders have the potential to take on the role of a surrogate inspectorate and contribute to making regulatory processes more network-like. These informal regulatory stakeholders have no formal authority, but criticize the regulatory agency or regulatee, advocate for other regulative actions, and set agendas for new regulatory issues. These activities make surrogate inspectorates an important actor in regulatory processes. This article defines the role of surrogate inspectorates, which strategies they employ, and how their presence and strategies affect the dynamics (and outcomes) of regulatory governance processes. Building on insights from theories of regulatory governance, network and collaborative governance, mediatization and blame theories, this article provides insights into how surrogate inspectorates can be understood and what angles can be taken to analyze their influence on regulatory processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kern County is one of the most valuable agricultural counties in the nation. This, however, is being put in jeopardy with the recently implemented Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) in response to the ongoing California drought and extensive groundwater pumping for irrigation. The Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs) are responsible for developing Groundwater Sustainability Plans to address the new SGMA policies. The objective of this paper is to examine the Kern Groundwater Sustainability Plan (KGSP), determine its strengths and weaknesses, and provide recommendations for the updated plan released in 2025. The plan performs well in defining criteria that must be met, but fails to address how these goals will be implemented. Based on our policy analysis, our recommendations include standardizing groundwater management terms across sub-basins, defining clear measurements of undesirable results, utilizing financial (dis)incentives to encourage groundwater users to manage water sustainably, and increasing interconnections between local and state organizations. Importantly, improving this policy process for the SGMA may be an example for critically overdrafted groundwater basins globally on how to more sustainably manage their groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we ask how traces of political violence in the Atacama Desert and in the Sonoran Desert are created and how they are (or are not) transformed into archives. The political violence we study is of different types and takes place in different periods: state violence under the civil–military dictatorship (1973-1990) in the Atacama; violence as a product of migratory policies (from 1994 to the present) of the US–Mexican border in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona; and, mass death and disappearance as the product of successive governments' "war on drugs" (from 2006 to the present) in Sonora, Mexico. This article is based on our academic ethnographic work and volunteering with grassroots organizations. In these three arid spaces, we met different groups: family members and activists searching for political prisoners disappeared in the 1970s by the Pinochet regime; activists searching for migrants, dead or alive, lost in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona; and families digging in the earth, unearthing clandestine graves and hoping one day to find the remains of their loved ones. We argue that these different search practices create traces when these groups uncover what the perpetrators wanted to hide. These processes that create traces, then create archives when the situated and lived experience of searching and tracing is translated into artifacts that can be detached from their context and acquire multiple uses outside their place of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scholarship on the politics of immigration often frames governments' responses to far-right mobilization as a return to border closures and a rowing back on neoliberalism. In this article, I draw on and expand the scholarship on coloniality to address the limitations of this diagnosis. Specifically, I explore the role of political mobilization in the making of the post-Brexit border regime. My research draws on the analysis of legal and policy initiatives between 2020 and 2023 and twenty-three research interviews with individuals who express their opposition to immigration via engagement in think tanks, grassroots organizations and vigilante groups. The interview data indicates multiple connections between these milieus and shows that each engages in action repertoires beyond the nation-state. And while this prompts border closures, the post-Brexit border regime also encodes openings and loopholes for the circulation of financial elites and precariously employed workers. Thus, I argue that state and non-state actors co-produce a neoliberal border regime of stratified rights, partial inclusions, and gradual exclusions. These variegated entitlements draw on and reinvigorate the racial order of coloniality. The post-Brexit immigration regime enables the free mobility of those racialized as "West European," facilitates disposable labor mobility of those racialized as "Eastern European," and restricts the movement of those racialized as "non-European." This racial imaginary does not only operate via binary distinctions of (non)-Britishness but puts people in complex hierarchical relations to "Europeanness." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Latinos are more likely than non-Latino Whites to develop dementia and be prescribed antipsychotics for dementia-related behavioral symptoms. Antipsychotics have significant risks yet are often overprescribed. Our understanding of how Latino caregivers of Latino older adults living with dementia perceive and address behavioral issues is limited, impeding our ability to address the root causes of antipsychotic overprescribing. Methods: We interviewed Latino older adults' caregivers and community-based organization workers serving older adults with cognitive impairment (key informants), focusing on the management of behavioral symptoms and experiences with health services. Results: We interviewed 8 caregivers and 2 key informants. Caregivers were the spouses, children, or grandchildren of the older adult living with cognitive impairment; their ages ranged from 30 to 95. We identified three categories of how caregivers learned about, managed, and coped with behavioral symptoms: caregivers often faced shortcomings with dementia care in the medical system, receiving limited guidance and support; caregivers found community organizations and senior day centers to be lifelines, as they received relevant, timely advice and support, caregivers often devised their own creative strategies to manage behavioral symptoms. Conclusion: In-depth interviews suggest that the healthcare system is failing to provide support for behavioral symptoms from dementia; caregivers of Latino older adults rely on community organizations instead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite being the primary setting for HIV prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM) since the start of the epidemic, community-based organizations (CBOs) struggle to reach this historically stigmatized and largely hidden population with face-to-face interventions. HIV researchers have readily turned to the internet to deliver critical HIV education to this group, with evidence of high effectiveness and acceptability across studies. However, implementation outside of research contexts has been limited and not well studied. We aimed to assess HIV CBOs' readiness to adopt digital health interventions and identify contextual factors that may contribute to differing levels of readiness. Methods: We recruited 22 CBOs across the US through a pragmatic request-for-proposals process to deliver Keep It Up! (KIU!), an evidence-based eHealth HIV prevention program. We used mixed methods to examine CBO readiness to adopt digital health interventions (RADHI). Before implementation, CBO staff completed a 5-item RADHI scale (scored 0–4) that demonstrated concurrent and predictive validity. We interviewed CBO staff using semi-structured questions guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and compared RADHI score groups on determinants identified from the interviews. Results: Eighty-five staff (range = 1–10 per CBO) completed the RADHI. On average, CBOs reported moderate-to-great readiness (2.74) to adopt KIU!. High RADHI CBOs thought KIU! was a top priority and an innovative program complementary to their existing approaches for their clients. Low RADHI CBOs expressed concerns that KIU! could be a cultural mismatch for their clients, was lower priority than existing programs and services, relied on clients' own motivation, and might not be suitable for clients with disabilities. Value, appeal, and limitations did not differ by RADHI group. Conclusions: While HIV CBOs are excited for the opportunities and advantages of digital interventions, additional pre-implementation and implementation support may be needed to increase perceived value and usability for different client populations. Addressing these limitations is critical to effective digital prevention interventions for HIV and other domains such as mental health, chronic disease management, and transitions in care. Future research can utilize our novel, validated measure of CBOs' readiness to adopt digital health interventions. Trial registration: NCT03896776, clinicaltrials.gov, 1 April 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon semi-structured interviews of Chinese entrepreneurs in Ikebukuro, Tokyo, this paper demonstrates the commonly marginal influence of kinship, townspeople attachment, and ethnic identity on Chinese entrepreneurs’ interpretive framework on their social networks and business activities. Instead, their narratives were dominated by individualistic reasoning based on rational judgments and pragmatic considerations. Meanwhile, Chinese entrepreneurs found ethnic market in Ikebukuro accessible and competitiveness and the policy support from the Japanese state friendly to business operations. However, they were not keen on interacting with local civic organizations and kept themselves aloof from local communities. These features could be concluded as networked individualism with superficial integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinship plays a role at the grassroots of social organization, especially in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which is an important research topic in China. However, the relationship between diet and the social status of kinship and kinship members has been little explored in previous studies. In this article, 52 skeletal bone collagen samples from humans and buried dogs from three different kinships in the Xisima cemetery in China were analysed by stable C and N isotope analysis to reveal dietary strategies, and thus explore subsistence patterns and social structure. Overall, the mean human δ13C was −8.4‰ ± 1.3‰ (n = 44), with a range of −10.0‰ to −7.4‰, and the mean δ15N was 9.0‰ ± 0.7‰ (n = 44), with a wide range of 7.9–11.1‰, which shows that C4 food dominates people’s diet, and that their diet was varied. There are differences in diet and rank among different kinships. Similar situations exist among kinship members based on platforms. Along with previous research, this study provides unprecedented dietary details of different social stratification from martyrs, common people and small nobles to high‐ranking nobles in order to better understand the hierarchical Shang and Zhou dynasties society based on kinship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Effective and sustainable water resource management requires flexibility and adaptation to local contexts. Our study analyzes the emergence and evolution of local water self-governing associations, reviewing how their struggles and conflicts, both with the public sector and among locals themselves, have been pivotal to achieving agreements and actions towards sustainable water management. Using an adapted version of the Combined Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) and social–ecological system (SES) framework, also known as CIS, we conducted a comparative analysis of two distinct Chilean cases. This research highlights the critical role of historical factors alongside institutional support, political landscapes, and financial realities in shaping current water management practices. The findings suggest that when the actors are aligned and actions are taken to support local water user management, more efficient, sustainable, and less conflict-ridden water resource management occurs. Furthermore, this study reveals how the experiences, struggles, and successes of these local user associations have shaped national policies, particularly regarding the development of monitoring mechanisms and the promotion of public–private cooperation in water governance. These efforts have not only fostered more resilient water management systems but have also demonstrated the power of grassroots organizations in shaping broader sustainable policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a renewed interest in third sector organizations with hope for contributions to systems of new public governance and welfare services. This study is based on a survey to the local authorities in Sweden and aims to analyze how collaboration between public and third sector organizations occurs at the local level. A special focus for the study is idea-driven public partnerships (IOPs). The results indicate that collaboration mainly occurs outside of the core fields of welfare and also that the national level agreements set standards to be used in especially the larger local authorities who are more in need of formalized policies to handle the local relations. The institutionalized collaborative relations are diverse and mainly meant to promote a thriving third sector for its democratic values, but there are also certain welfare fields with less local remit such as sports, leisure time activities, and homelessness where NPOs are not crowded out by the public sector. Collaboration with IOPs are more common in larger local authorities and places with a larger proportion of immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and community organizations are increasingly operationalizing food sovereignty, and argue that participatory, community-engaged food sovereignty metrics can enhance insights about local contexts, and opportunities for food sovereignty. In Haiti, one of the most food-insecure countries in the world, peasant and civil society organizations have been calling for food sovereignty for over a decade, and the state recently published a food sovereignty policy document, marking an important paradigm shift. In this paper, we share a case study of a food sovereignty tool that was designed through a participatory, community-based process in Northern Haiti, offering a blueprint and lessons learned that we hope will be useful to others working to operationalize food sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conflict has become a global reality, particularly impacting millions of children, with the majority of conflicts occurring in developing nations, where 90% of the world's children reside. The Horn of Africa, especially Sudan, has faced severe conflicts, with the year 2023 witnessing one of the toughest conflicts in the region, resulting in a high number of internally displaced persons and refugees. Children, especially in areas like Darfur, Khartoum, Gezira, and Kordofan, bear the brunt of ongoing large-scale conflicts, facing widespread human rights violations and resource damage. Before the conflict that began in April 2023, Khartoum was home to numerous children's hospitals, but now only Elbuluk Hospital remains operational, facing a surge in admissions due to displacement and subsequent returns of civilians seeking medical care. Although malnutrition cases have increased, the case fatality rate associated with severe acute malnutrition has doubled from approximately 6% to 12% by March 2024, possibly due to uneven food distribution amid sporadic peace efforts. Recommendations: Investing in grassroots organizations is crucial for facilitating effective humanitarian aid delivery, as they are uniquely positioned to identify and address local needs promptly and efficiently. Strengthening these organizations enhances their capacity to coordinate aid distribution and provide essential services tailored to regional conditions. Persistent violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) in conflict zones impede humanitarian efforts. Robust collaboration between international and local stakeholders is necessary to uphold and enforce IHL, with a focus on protecting civilian lives and ensuring safe, unhindered access for humanitarian aid while respecting the dignity of all affected individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) rolled-out the Dangit Processing Livelihood FishCORALProject for the fishers’ organization in Prieto Diaz, Sorsogon in mid 2019 funded by UN-IFAD. Designed to help reduce poverty through increased household income, women participation and project sustainability. This study looked into the relevance, effectiveness and efficiency of implementation and readiness in attaining project objectives. The study is mixed descriptive method and used semi-structured questionnaire, key informants interview, FGD and secondary data analysis. The project was found relevant but poor in coordination and involvement of other stakeholders. Effective but failed to contribute to poverty reduction due to late implementation, no comprehensive project plans and technical support. Inefficient as it failed to translate resources it to incomes and sustained operations. The community organizationsare not ready and capable (lack technical and business management skills). The local resources (danggit, people and community organization) guarantee sustainability if managed appropriately. Women empowerment is hardly achieved. Recommendations;1) Develop project sustainability plan (technical and business facets of theproject), capacitate the organization along leadership and business management. 2) Bioecological data be produced on danggit stock to fine tune harvesting and regenerative capacity to ensure sustainability of supply. 3) Technical support provision coming from BFAR, LGU, academe, DTI, DOST, NLRC, NGOs in the form of product development, value adding, branding & packaging, business management, access to funds, assigning a full-time community facilitator as priority. Responsibilities and commitments of BFAR, LGU and the beneficiary be concretized through a memorandum of cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative engagement between international and local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) has recently been promoted as an effective strategy to enhance internal process strengths but less as a strategy to localize humanitarian aid programs; a grand strategy that aims to strengthen local capacity, develop local capabilities, and boost regional humanitarian project performance. While stakeholders deem to play an important role in leveraging the efficiencies of such collaborative engagements between international and local actors, there is limited empirical knowledge about how stakeholder pressure affects the association between the collaboration–performance association within international and local NGOs. Drawing on stakeholder theory, we propose a model to examine the role of donors, media, and governments, three major stakeholders noteworthy because of their power and legitimacy to moderate the collaboration–performance association in this NGO context. We test our hypotheses across a series of samples collected at both international and local NGOs in 2015 and 2020. From a practical perspective, we discuss how the traditional role of NGOs as implementers of aid programs is shifting toward a new role as conveners and capability builders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying the concepts of organizational field, capital, and habitus by Pierre Bourdieu, this study critically examines the (re)configuring of relations between grassroots and mainstream organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we examined refugee-led organizations (RLOs), via fieldwork and interviews, in one US city from the summer of 2020 during the peak of the pandemic through 2022. We argue for conceptualizing the pandemic as an "external shock" that allowed the (re)valuing of forms of capital and means for disrupting the stability and durability—habitus—of the power-laden organizational field. In a post-pandemic new normal, however, positioning within their organizational field remains a contested, ongoing struggle for grassroots organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community organizations aim to promote social and environmental justice but can still reproduce injustice in their participatory and decision-making processes. To understand how that may be the case, we examine the testimonies of volunteers and citizens involved in community organizations in the province of Quebec, in Canada. These individuals, all from minority backgrounds, describe their experiences of epistemic injustice, which corresponds to situations where they are limited in producing or transmitting knowledge in social interactions. In that sense, epistemic injustice hinders their engagement in their respective organization. This article analyzes how experiences of epistemic injustice shape social interactions. It also provides concrete solutions to help organizations promote epistemic justice among their own membership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovery planning is considered an important policy instrument for the management of threatened species. While recovery planning has led to improvements in the conservation status of some species, the degree of success can vary substantially across different contexts and is dependent on multiple factors. Institutional and organizational factors such as insufficient funding, weak policies, underspecified goals, and lack of knowledge impact the success of recovery planning. But recovery planning can be fall short in achieving desired outcomes even in the absence of these constraints. Recovery planning is also highly reliant on collaboration efforts between local agencies, community organizations, and research institutions—yet studies examining the diversity of factors influencing the success of recovery planning are rare. To address this gap, we take a multilevel perspective that situates recovery planning inside nested layers of institutional, organizational, team, and action‐level processes. We apply this framework and utilize in‐depth interviews and thematic analysis to analyze barriers and enablers in the recovery of two threatened Australian species. Our analysis reveals how team‐level processes interact with their organizational and institutional contexts to influence outcomes. Key findings emphasize the indispensable role of committed individuals, collaboration, and strategic utilization of specialist knowledge in fostering effective teamwork. Furthermore, our findings also emphasize the critical importance of a shared purpose within the team and the need for equilibrium between personal agendas and team objectives. We highlight the need for more studies to deliver a nuanced understanding of how team‐level processes drive successful recovery planning, even when institutional factors, such as appropriate funding and knowledge, are present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not uncommon to encounter overoptimistic views among policy-makers concerning the extent to which the research outcome of a university can have an impact on the innovation and economic performance of a local economy. Policies and expectations are usually influenced by optimal cases of top-ranked universities in highly innovative geographies. However, most universities do not function in such contexts, but in regions of weak innovation and economic development, often characterized as less developed regions (LDRs). To enrich our understanding about universities within LDRs, this study attempts to provide insights into the local research impact of a young university located within an LDR by analyzing bibliometric data. Findings show that although the university's research output grows, there is hardly any evidence of an impact on local organizations, suggesting that the expected universities' roles and related innovation policies should always consider the characteristics of the place within which they function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading screenings are an essential element of a preventative model of education. Early language and literacy screenings can identify students at risk of later reading difficulties. This pilot study investigated the feasibility and impact of a community-based organization providing free language and literacy screenings using an application based screening with largely automated scoring. The community organization paired screening results with parent education on language and literacy acquisition and evidence-based instructional practices tailored to the students' identified risks. The mixed methods utilized survey data from parents/caregivers (n = 19) and volunteer screeners (n = 8) and interviews of community partners (n = 2), volunteers (n = 2), and parents (n = 2). Results of the pilot met the feasibility and impact goals. Community partners felt it was important to provide access to screening, and volunteers found the screening application easy to administer. Volunteer screeners reported the screening application was easy to administer, and children were engaged throughout the screening. Parents reported that the screening results and parent education significantly impacted their decision-making for their child(ren). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper identifies the value of Indigenous processes in developing a reciprocal working relationship between a Pasifika grass roots community organisation, Pasifika Church and an Australian university. The focus is on the capacity of Indigenous methodologies to authentically attain equity, diversity and inclusion, during the development of stakeholder partnerships, particularly when there are power and resource imbalances between parties. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is about the process of how Pasifika methodologies, namely talanoa, e-talanoa and teu le va, were used to create positive reciprocal relationships in a culturally grounded manner. The outcome was an agreement of the three stakeholders, the Pasifika Church, the Pasifika organisation and a tertiary institute to work together on a community educational and training project. Findings: The agreement by all parties to adopt Indigenous methodologies from inception enabled the process to be community-led in a culturally safe manner. Critically, these cultural processes established a foundation of trust, expanding possibilities for shared work and projects. For migrant communities, the advocacy and employment of cultural methodologies can empower them through negotiations to maintain their sovereignty over their Indigenous knowledge and priorities. Similarly, it is important for universities and mainstream organisations not only to acknowledge power imbalances and to support community-led priorities but also to cede power around processes of negotiation and discussion. Research limitations/implications: This is an experience of four organisations working together. It is uncertain whether the same outcome could be attained with other organisations, personalities and cultural groups. Practical implications: The same principles may be harnessed for other migrant communities, allowing for their cultural practices to inform the ways in which stakeholders work together as opposed to the often-dominant euro-centric practices of the West. It is a deliberate effort that privileges Indigenous ways of being, knowing and doing. Social implications: Migrant communities that perhaps may be subject to the more Western dominant environment are empowered to use their cultural frameworks to create an equal ground with government, tertiary and not-for-profit stakeholders. Originality/value: This article is one of the first in Australia to document how talanoa, e-talanoa and teu le va were used to develop a working partnership in a culturally grounded manner to uphold the sovereignty of grassroots Indigenous organisations. This strengthens relationships between migrant communities and mainstream organisations. It outlines Pasifika protocols and successful use of equitable decision-making, led by a grassroots community organisation, a Pasifika Church, whilst liaising with a multi-campus university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community-based tourism (CBT) aims to offer responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment, sustaining local communities' well-being, and promoting environmental and cultural education. The long-term sustainability of CBT depends on its ability to enhance local livelihoods while protecting natural landscapes. For the Kamoro indigenous tribe in Papua, Indonesia, CBT offers a way to engage with the capitalist world on their own terms while preserving their customs, traditions, and ecocentric worldviews, and sharing them with tourists interested in their culture. However, as evidenced by many failed CBT initiatives, it is not always a desirable or viable path for development due to numerous barriers faced by communities and the potential negative impacts of tourism. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the Kamoro people's attitudes towards tourism, the barriers to engaging in tourism, and their concerns about its impacts. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with community members and local organizations. The results show that although local people view tourism as a viable economic alternative, they face significant challenges, including a lack of trained human resources, infrastructure, financial support, tourism knowledge, government backing, and cooperation among local stakeholders, among others. While tourism development does not always guarantee the protection of natural and cultural landscapes, a community-led initiative supported by the government can serve as a barrier against the engagement of less sustainable industries controlled by external agents, which could have far more serious negative consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the significant role of international volunteering, particularly through the European Solidarity Corps (ESC), in shaping the image of Barcelos as a tourist destination. The study specifically examines various volunteer programs in Barcelos, such as construction projects, teaching, and agricultural assistance. It focuses on the volunteers' perceptions and motivations and on the impact of their experiences on the city's touristic recognition. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research analyzes responses from electronic surveys with 92 former ESC volunteers and interviews with four local organizations that host these participants. The findings reveal that international volunteering through specific programs enhances Barcelos' image as a welcoming, culturally rich, and civically engaged tourist destination. This research highlights the importance of integrating such initiatives into the city's tourism management strategy, suggesting that such efforts can significantly enrich the tourist experience and the overall image of the destination. Furthermore, the study identifies areas for future research, including the need for a more in-depth analysis of the long-term impact of these volunteering activities on the local economy and cultural sustainability. The limitations of the study, such as the use of a convenience sample and the reliance on self-reported data, which may influence the results and their generalizability, are also discussed. In conclusion, this work provides valuable insights for tourism managers and policymakers, demonstrating how international volunteering can be a strategic component in enhancing the image of tourist destinations. Through careful and strategic management, Barcelos can continue to develop and promote its identity as a destination for solidarity tourism and cultural vibrancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urban studies and planning literatures largely conceive of community organizations as either clients of neoliberal regimes or the advocates of marginalized communities. Whereas the first emphasizes structural constraints, the latter focuses on the conditions that permit organizations to exercise agency in planning arenas. This theoretical paper suggests that both frameworks reveal important mechanisms but belie the contradictory pressures facing community organizations. We turn to organizational and social movement literatures to argue that community organizations face two competing forces stemming from resource needs. First, they need money to maintain a staff and finance basic operations. As these are nonprofit organizations, money typically comes from external private and public grants. Second, for communities to support organizations and delegate them representative functions, the organizations need to be considered legitimate by the community. Though community organizations need both money and legitimacy, these resources conflict with one another. Too much dependency on external funders can undercut an organization's legitimacy to represent community interests in an autonomous and unconflicted way. Too much autonomy from external funders can enhance the legitimacy of organizations, but it can also result in financial destitution. Thus, rather than conceive of community organizations as structural puppets or the voice of the people, we suggest that most are positioned in a contradictory field that pulls them in conflicting directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural livelihood resilience (RLR) is significant for the sustainability of rural areas, farmers and agriculture. This research takes the mountainous areas of Southwest China as the study areas and integrates the buffer, adjustment and renewal capabilities to construct a RLR analysis framework and evaluation indicator system. The RLR of 234 sample counties was evaluated using set pair analysis, and the influencing factors of RLR were investigated using Geodetector. The aim is to scientifically analyze the vertical spatial differentiation and influencing factors of RLR and fully explore the risk-resistant potential of rural livelihood systems in mountainous areas. The results show that (1) From 2000 to 2020, RLR increases significantly, but the level is still low, and its structure shows a primary pattern of "buffer capability > adjustment capability > renewal capability". (2) There is no significant negative correlation between RLR and terrain gradients, especially in the middle and low mountains. RLR in high mountainous areas is significantly lower than in low and medium mountainous areas, but the gap is narrowing. There are no significant gaps in RLR and various capabilities between low and medium mountain areas. (3) Economic development, non-agricultural industries and grassroots autonomous organizations are essential determinants for RLR. Economic development, grassroots autonomous organizations and transportation conditions are more important in low and medium mountain areas, while non-agricultural industries and medical conditions contribute more to high mountainous areas. (4) To enhance the RLR, policy recommendations should place a strong emphasis on extending the agricultural industry chain, improving rural production and living infrastructure and strengthening the supply of high-quality social public services. The findings can provide a scientific basis for governments to implement rural revitalization strategies and improve farmers' well-being, as well as practical guidance for enhancing the risk resistance ability of underdeveloped mountainous rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a framework (OSEC-p model) for the evaluation of health communication, through websites, aimed at breast and cervical cancer screening adherence. For identification of the set of indicators of the model, content analysis of websites was adopted with coding based on both data-driven and theoretically-driven approaches. The proposed model comprises factors on multiple levels (macro-items, items, and micro-items), referring to the strategic orientation aimed at prevention, the organizational structure, corporate tools and stakeholder engagement, content on screening initiatives, compliance with communication principles, and website ergonomics. A pilot study on a sample of websites of Italian local health organizations confirms the applicability of the model and the usefulness of results and indications it offers. The OSEC-p can be considered the first step in a line of research not yet been investigated in the academic field, and aims to be a guideline for managers of healthcare organizations as it allows evaluation (and improvement) of communication via websites aimed at adhering to cancer prevention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]