377 results on '"COMMUNIST societies"'
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2. OUR ELECTION (CAMPAIGN) WAS STOLEN.
- Author
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HARGREAVES, SCOTT
- Subjects
- *
RED tape , *ELECTIONS , *COMMUNIST societies - Abstract
An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the 2022 Australian federal election, the economic impact of red tape on agricultural industries, and the distinction between a communist and a free society.
- Published
- 2022
3. Walter Benjamin's communism.
- Author
-
Ross, Alison
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNIST societies , *SOCIAL structure , *CONCEPTUALISM , *MARXIST philosophy - Abstract
What does 'communism' mean in Walter Benjamin's writing? It has been used in some quarters to claim that Benjamin has a quasi-Marxist theory of communist society. This paper will argue instead that Benjamin's communism is framed by his distinctive conception of experience and that it is understandable only through that conception. Benjamin's image of 'communist society' refers to a specific type of experience ('collective experience') rather than a type of social organization. The paper discusses the conceptual background of that image and also points out a number of the difficulties that Benjamin's conception of collective experience faces given its genesis in a model of individual experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. New Profiles of Marx after the Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (MEGA 2).
- Author
-
Musto, Marcello
- Subjects
ECONOMISTS ,CAPITALISM ,SOCIAL systems ,COMMUNIST societies - Abstract
The article offers presents new profiles of economist Karl Marx, whose ideas continue to be indispensable for anyone who believes essentiality to build an alternative to capitalism, after publishing of the Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe. Topics discussed include particular value for reevaluation of the achievement of Marx, various approaches that reduce conception of Marx of communist society and new discoveries on the genesis of the materialist conception of history.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. THE ETHICAL ENVIRONMENT OF RUSSIAN BUSINESS.
- Author
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Sidorov, Alexey, Alexeyeva, Irina, and Shklyarik, Elena
- Subjects
ENGINEERING ethics ,ETHICS education ,BUSINESS ethics ,COMPARATIVE studies ,SOCIOLOGY of work ,CONTEXTUAL analysis ,CAPITALIST societies ,COMMUNIST societies - Abstract
In 1995, the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Society for Engineering Education received a grant from the National Science Foundation to undertake a project aimed both at assisting Russian philosophers in developing curriculum on engineering ethics and learning how context affects the teaching of engineering ethics. The project began with three Russian philosophers visiting the U.S. to observe how we teach engineering ethics. The American members of the project then made three visits to Russia to be part of three different workshops that brought together Russian professors from a variety of disciplines to exchange ideas about teaching ethics among themselves and with the Americans. During these visits, three of the Russians asked if we thought American philosophers would be interested in hearing about the Russian situation. We were delighted by the question (especially since we had become fascinated with the differences in Russian ideas about ethics), and responded with enthusiasm for the idea of their writing such an article. The article that follows is the result of their endeavor to explain how business ethics issues arise in Russia. Among other things, the article reveals how Russia's history and the experiences of Russians under the U.S.S.R create a context extremely different from our own, for thinking about (and teaching) business ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
6. Marx's genealogy of the idea of equality.
- Author
-
James, David
- Subjects
- *
GENEALOGY , *EQUALITY , *COMMUNIST societies , *MARXIST philosophy - Abstract
Contrary to egalitarian readings of both Marx's critique of capitalist society and its replacement by communist society, his lack of commitment to the idea of equality has been emphasized. I argue that Marx's statements concerning the idea of equality, and especially how it would represent an inappropriate norm for genuine communist society, are ultimately to be explained in terms of its relation to the exchange value that governs acts of commodity exchange. Marx wants to show how general recognition of the idea of equality and the legal and political forms that it assumes have their origin in the way in which exchange value has come to dominate social relations, leading human beings to develop an abstract conception of themselves, others and how the world ought to be that is incompatible with the goals of communist society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Liberalism and the Conflict of Traditions.
- Author
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GRAD, PAWEŁ
- Subjects
COMMUNISM ,METAPHYSICS ,CAPITALISM ,SOCIAL change ,COMMUNIST societies - Abstract
The paper contains a critique of Jerzy Szacki's stance presented in his Liberalism after Communism. The critique is a starting point for a theory of the conflict of traditions in liberal democracies, which is presented here and improved. The original version was presented in the author's book On the Conflict of Traditions. The leading thesis of the latter reads: the one and the only possible liberal political doctrine (which is that of liberalism strictly speaking) implies a metaphysically burdened notion of good; otherwise it could not be self-consistent. Accepting the notion subsequently enables a justification of the possible conflict of traditions, without breaching the principles of the liberal public sphere. The mainstream modern liberal political theory (liberalism in the common sense of the word) does not respect the notion, which threatens the systemic self-consistency; this also applies to the Polish discourse on liberalism. In the first two parts of the paper, Szacki's position is presented and criticized. In the third part, the main thesis is put forward. The thesis is, in turn, illustrated by the example of the history of liberalism in the Third Polish Republic. In the fifth part, the notions of liberalism sensu stricte, and that of liberalism understood commonly, are presented. Finally, conclusions are drawn from Szacki's point of view regarding the experience of 24 years of liberalism in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
8. The Polish Raison d'État. Democratic Sovereignty vs the Liberal Minimum.
- Author
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GNIAZDOWSKI, ANDRZEJ
- Subjects
SOVEREIGNTY ,COMMUNISM ,CAPITALISM ,SOCIAL change ,COMMUNIST societies - Abstract
The paper discusses Liberalism after Communism by Jerzy Szacki, in the light of the commonly accepted research method (including by Szacki himself), and his idea of history and the general attitude towards the past. The paper focuses on how Szacki tackles the problem of transporting the liberal ideas onto the Polish ground after 1989; on how he discloses the dilemmas and restrictions of Polish liberalism; on the historical dimension of Polish liberalism; and on whether the liberal Weltanschauung is universal or incidental. In the end, the paper attempts to examine the problem of the liberal minimum in Szacki's analyses, in the context of the Polish raison d'état and the question of populism, as well as the current political crisis in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
9. Liberal Pedagogy. Jerzy Szacki on the Past and Modern Polish Liberalisms.
- Author
-
BUCHOLC, MARTA
- Subjects
COMMUNISM ,COMMUNIST societies ,CAPITALISM ,SOCIAL change - Abstract
The paper relates the views of Jerzy Szacki on the development and perspectives of liberalism in Poland, presented in his book Liberalism after Communism (1994). The author of the paper sets Szacki's considerations on liberalism in a broader context of how the work of Szacki might be assessed. Thus, three types of Polish capitalism are distinguished: proto-capitalism, economic capitalism and political (integral) capitalism. In the analysis of economic capitalism, the author places special emphasis on the programme created by its proponents (i.e. proponents of social change), as well as the role of the Weberian inspirations in the "the liberal pedagogy" they adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
10. Sport and Social Change: The Transformation of Maoist Sport.
- Author
-
Hoberman, John M.
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGY of sports ,SOCIAL change ,IDEOLOGY ,COMMUNIST societies ,ECONOMIC competition ,SOCIAL groups - Abstract
In the decade following the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, the People's Republic of China has experienced a cultural and ideological transformation unprecedented in the history of communist societies. Sport, like the arts, is a political subculture that expresses prevailing ideological trends; for this reason, the new modernization in China has mandated a new ideological interpretation of sport. Contrary to appearances, the ideological content of Maoist sport doctrine has actually been retained in post-Maoist sport ideology. What has changed is the relative degree of emphasis accorded specific ideological elements, so that these two doctrinal phases may be analyzed in terms of dominant and recessive traits. The four primary ideological variables examined in this study are competition, high-performance sport and record-setting, sportive ethics, and scientific sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Industrial Administration in Communist East Europe.
- Author
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Ditz, Gerhard W.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL management ,COMMUNIST societies ,BUREAUCRATIZATION ,CENTRAL economic planning ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory) ,CONFLICT management ,PROBLEM solving ,FINANCIAL performance - Abstract
The author discusses three administrative problems which appear endemic to Communist industrial organizations: (a) externally imposed overbureaucratization, (b) conflict between the managerial responsibilities of the plant manager and the politically supported authority of works councils and plant committees, and (c) informal managerial practices which circumvent the rationale of economic planning but are indispensable to operational flexibility. Taking the coal industry of Communist Czechoslovakia as a specific example, the author analyzes these problems on the basis of public criticisms and industrial performance records published in Czechoslovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1959
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Subjective notes on the objective situation among Russian intellectuals.
- Author
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Gozman, Leonid
- Subjects
- *
INTELLECTUALS , *SOCIAL classes , *ELITE (Social sciences) , *INTELLECTUAL capital , *COMMUNIST societies - Abstract
The article explores the objective situation among Russian intelligentsia, a status class of educated people engaged in the complex mental labours that guide, and lead in shaping the culture and politics of society. Topics discussed include Russian intellectuals and political activists' work; role of intelligentsia in unification of society; ways in which Soviet intelligentsia guaranteed for itself a higher quality of life; and contribution of intelligentsia in collapse of Communist system.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Enriching and Developing Marxism in the Twenty-First Century in Various Aspects: Six Definitions of Marxism.
- Author
-
Cheng, Enfu and Wang, Zhongbao
- Subjects
- *
MARXIST philosophy , *FUNCTIONALISM (Social sciences) , *SOCIAL systems , *COMMUNISM , *POLITICAL doctrines , *COMMUNIST societies - Abstract
This paper extends the definition of Marxism in six aspects and discusses it in connection with contemporary theories and reality. First, in the aspect of creation and development subjects, we should unceasingly enrich and develop the theoretical system created by Marx and Engels and increasingly improved by their successors. Second, in the aspect of academic thought, we should constantly enrich and develop Marxist academic theories on laws governing the development of nature, society, and thinking. Third, in the aspect of social functions, we should increasingly enrich and develop guiding Marxist ideology on socialist revolution and construction, and on the transition to a communist society. Fourth, in the aspect of people’s welfare, we should continuously enrich and develop Marxist principles and thoughts on improving people’s livelihoods, and on realizing the all-round development of human freedom. Fifth, in the aspect of values and ethics, we should steadily enrich and develop Marxist cultural and ideological systems of beliefs and concepts. Sixth, in the aspect of international communications, we should continuously enrich and develop the Marxist international ideological system concerning the world’s peace and development, as well as the community with a shared future for mankind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. CHINA'S DEMOCRATIC FUTURE.
- Author
-
Horner, Charles
- Subjects
CHINESE politics & government ,COMMUNISM ,COMMUNIST societies ,MARXIST philosophy - Abstract
The article argues how the communist regime in China is betting on legitimacy of its dictatorship, which it once tried to derive from Western Marxism, can instead be derived from traditional Chinese political thought. It reports that China embraced a new and defiant provincialism and mentions comments of political scientist William Callahan, on the issue.
- Published
- 2019
15. Religious Freedom: THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN CHURCH AND ANTI-CHURCH.
- Author
-
Shakespeare, F.
- Subjects
- *
RELIGION , *COMMUNIST societies - Abstract
Presents a speech delivered by Frank Shakespeare, United States Ambassador to the Holy See, at Thomas Aquinas College, Santa Paula, CA on June 11, 1988. Discusses the role of the US in the world and in the upsurge of religion. Gives examples from author's life as an ambassador of relationship between man, God, and the state in free and communist countries.
- Published
- 1988
16. THE EMPIRE STRIKES OUT.
- Author
-
Laqueur, Walter
- Subjects
- *
COUPS d'etat , *COMMUNISM , *COMMUNIST societies , *PRACTICAL politics , *POLITICAL change , *SOCIAL change ,RUSSIAN politics & government, 1991- - Abstract
Explains that the failed Communist coup in Russia has resulted in the collapse of Communism in the country. Rumors of an impending coup had been rampant for a long time; President Mikhail Gorbachev dismissed the warnings; Halfheartedness in the execution of the coup; Myth that the coup, carried by adventurers of the extreme right, was defeated by people's power; More opposition in Leningrad than in Moscow; Resistance in the Kuzbas region of Siberia and the Far East.
- Published
- 1991
17. WHEN PUTSCH COMES TO SHOVE.
- Author
-
Tolstaya, Tatyana
- Subjects
- *
COUPS d'etat , *COMMUNISM , *COMMUNIST societies , *PRACTICAL politics , *POLITICAL change ,RUSSIAN politics & government, 1991- - Abstract
Discusses the reasons for Russian President Mikhail Gorbachev's failure to act decisively against the perpetrators of a failed Communist coup, including Gennadi Yanayev, Valentin Pavlov, Leonid Kravchenko. Participant in the plot of the Communist party against the people, of parasites against their own serfs, of dictators against democracy; Gorbachev tried to stop the reforms in which he did not wish to participate any longer.
- Published
- 1991
18. Mao's "Big Family"
- Author
-
Rich, Stanley
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNES (China) , *COMMUNIST societies , *COMMUNIST state , *LABOR supply , *EMPLOYMENT policy - Abstract
The article focuses on the commune movement in communist China. The commune is an administrative area under absolute party control. The commune is big and all-inclusive. It supervises all agricultural, economic, cultural, political, social, educational, military activity in its boundaries. The commune is the final step toward the collective ownership of society. Communist China is almost fanatically determined to become an industrialized nation. But to do this she must have a manpower reservoir capable of being thrown at will into massive large-scale industrial projects. The creation of such a manpower pool is the main purpose of the fantastic commune scheme.
- Published
- 1959
19. China As It Is.
- Author
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Hughes, Richard
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNISM , *COMMUNIST leadership , *CONCORD , *TOTALITARIANISM , *COMMUNIST societies - Abstract
The article answers some basic questions about conditions and trends inside Communist China in 1951. Unity has been--and remains--an obsession with the leadership, which imposed Communism on China as an operating system after the partners had all worked in loyal cooperation with and under Mao in the wilderness. The theoreticians want to persuade the masses to accept the idea and principles of Communism be/ore the system is fully and practicably established. They endorse Mao's favorite guerrilla and political maxim "go slow at the start and fast at the end." The administrators are more impatient, argue that the masses are now under control and urge that proselytism should take a lower priority to accelerated Communist method, that the stick should be most in evidence than the carrot.
- Published
- 1957
20. Is There Still a Chance for the Non-Communists: What the South Vietnamese Want.
- Author
-
Oka, Takashi
- Subjects
- *
VIETNAM War, 1961-1975 , *COMMUNIST societies , *COMMUNISM , *INTERNATIONAL conflict - Abstract
Presents an article about the issues related to the Vietnamese conflict in 1968. Speculation about the effect of a possible Communist North Vietnam victory on its neighboring Southeast Asian countries; Popularity of North Vietnam leader Ho Chi Minh; Objectives of the Vietnamese in the revolution; Effects of the intervention of the U.S. in the war on the citizens of Saigon.
- Published
- 1968
21. "Anti-Communist Peril": Rediscovering Our Roots.
- Author
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Frank, Waldo
- Subjects
COLLECTIVISM (Political science) ,COMMUNISM ,COMMUNIST societies ,COMMUNIST aesthetics ,POLITICAL doctrines - Abstract
The article discusses political developments in America. The army-McCarthy hearings staged a wrestling match of ignorance and con- fusion at grips with skilled and cynical skulduggery, so theatrical that it blurred the show's main meaning. Deeply, it was a counter-revolutionary diversion, a fixed bout of communism versus conformism, as if these were the sole alternatives before the country; as if American values and institutions were immaculate and we were threatened exclusively by villains taking orders from Moscow.
- Published
- 1954
22. Russian Impressions.
- Author
-
Brailsford, H.N.
- Subjects
COMMUNIST parties ,COMMUNISM ,POLITICAL parties ,SOCIALIST parties ,SOVIET Union politics & government, 1917-1936 ,COMMUNIST societies ,TOTALITARIANISM ,POLITICAL doctrines - Abstract
Part IV. Explains the nature of the Russian Communist Party and Communism in the Soviet Union. History of the party; Opportunities of power and command; Ruthless humanitarians; Party of youth; Boy and girl communists; Dictatorship; Techniques for repressing the opposition; Capture of the unions and the army; Executions by the extraordinary commission; Propaganda; Issue on religion.
- Published
- 1920
23. A CHINESE VILLAGE GOES RED.
- Author
-
Martin, Robert P.
- Subjects
PEASANTS ,VILLAGES ,COUNTRY life ,COMMUNISM ,COMMUNIST societies ,DEMOCRACY ,COMMUNIST parties ,ANTI-Americanism - Abstract
Comments on the village life of peasants in the Communist provinces of China. Attempts of villagers to understand novel political ideas; Communist Party's establishment of model villages in which they train selected leaders on the problems of land redistribution; Characteristics of village democracy under the Communist government; Evidence of the ruthlessness of the Communists in preparing the groundwork for political developments; Level of anti-Americanism in the Communist zones.
- Published
- 1947
24. Is Human Nature Changing in Russia?
- Author
-
Lindeman, E. C.
- Subjects
HUMAN behavior ,POLITICAL movements ,REVOLUTIONS ,CHANGE ,POLITICAL systems ,COMMUNIST societies - Abstract
The article discusses the relationship between human nature and the revolutionary movement in Russia. The rate of change is the most valuable aspect in the significant query concerning this relationship. Changes in human nature is slower because of physiologic structures, but it is possible for human nature to change with sufficient rapidity and depth to attain revolutionary goals that constitute the core of Communist program.
- Published
- 1933
25. The Communist Parties of Israel.
- Author
-
Brannigan, William A.
- Subjects
COMMUNISM ,POLITICAL parties ,COMMUNIST societies ,COMMUNIST countries ,ISRAELI politics & government - Abstract
Despite the constantly deepening Soviet influence in and support for the Arab world, the Communist Party functions in Israel, nominates candidates for office, and in general enjoys more political freedom of action there than it does in many of the Arab states that oppose Israel and receive extensive Soviet assistance. Moreover, and reflecting the persistently factional nature of Israeli politics, there is not just one Communist Party but two. In Israel's current parliament--there are four Communist seats out of a total of 120.
- Published
- 1971
26. INDUSTRY AND ACCOUNTING IN THE U.S.S.R.
- Author
-
Diakonoff, V. A.
- Subjects
ACCOUNTING methods ,INDUSTRIES ,FINANCIAL statements ,CENTRAL economic planning ,BOOKKEEPING ,ACCOUNTING standards ,SOVIET business enterprises ,COMMUNISM ,GOVERNMENT ownership ,BUSINESS records ,ACCOUNTING policies ,SOVIET economic policy ,DISCLOSURE in accounting ,COMMUNIST societies ,TWENTIETH century - Abstract
The article discusses the business environment peculiar to the economy of all Soviet industries as reflected in accountancy. The author points out that the U.S.S.R. only uses the double entry method of accounting. The double entry balance sheets do not differ significantly from that of a typical double entry balance sheet, although there are certain other accounts peculiar to a socialist economy which are not found on a capitalist balance sheet and vice versa. The author goes on to describe the balance sheet, assets, liabilities, special reserves, and profit and loss statements in detail, and includes a completed financial statement as an example.
- Published
- 1933
27. Marx on the compatibility of freedom and necessity: A reply to David James.
- Author
-
Kandiyali, Jan
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNIST societies , *BIOCOMPATIBILITY , *CAPITALISM , *MARXIST philosophy - Abstract
In a recent paper, David James argues for a new understanding of the compatibility of freedom and necessity in Marx's idea of a communist society. According to James, such compatibility has less to do with anything distinctive about the nature of labour and more to do with how communist producers organize the sphere of material production. In this paper, I argue that James provides a nuanced and plausible account of one part of Marx's story of the compatibility of freedom and necessity in communist society but that his account misses another, and, in my view, more fundamental part of the story. The part I have in mind centres on Marx's claim that communist producers achieve their freedom through the performance of necessary labour-by helping others to satisfy their needs. I argue that Marx is committed to a stronger claim than James wishes to make, namely, that freedom and necessity are not merely compatible but that participation in the realm of necessity is required for human freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Dealing with sensitive topics in communist societies: oral history research in and on Cuba.
- Author
-
Panichelli-Batalla, Stéphanie and de Oca, Olga Lidia Saavedra Montes
- Subjects
COMMUNIST societies ,ORAL history ,CUBAN history ,RESEARCH - Abstract
This themed issue on oral history research in Cuba focuses on how researchers and participants deal with sensitive topics during the interview process. The issue highlights that any topic can be a sensitive topic when interviewing participants who have lived and still live in a communist society. It will offer various reflexive perspectives on the interview process, focusing in particular on how both researcher and participant address such topics, and on how these approaches are later analysed and interpreted by the researcher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
29. The Compatibility of Freedom and Necessity in Marx's Idea of Communist Society.
- Author
-
James, David
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNIST societies , *LIBERTY , *CAPITALISM , *HUMAN behavior , *HUMAN beings , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Taking a well-known passage from the third volume of Capital as my starting point, I explain on what grounds Marx thinks that freedom and necessity will be compatible in a communist society. The necessity in question concerns having to produce to satisfy material needs. Unlike some accounts of this issue, I argue that the compatibility of freedom and necessity in communist society has more to do with how production is organized than with the direct relation of the worker to the object produced or to his or her own productive activity. Moreover, I show how self-realization and a form of activity that possesses an intrinsic value are made possible by the organization of the production process and how this is integral to Marx's account of the compatibility of freedom and necessity in communist society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Empowerment and resident support for tourism in rural Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): the case of Pomerania, Poland.
- Author
-
Strzelecka, Marianna, Boley, B. Bynum, and Strzelecka, Celina
- Subjects
- *
TOURISM , *SELF-efficacy , *COMMUNIST societies , *SOCIAL exchange - Abstract
Despite empowerment being a crucial component of sustainable tourism, few scholars have quantitatively operationalized empowerment and looked at how it applies to rural societies within the post-communist European Union (EU) member states. Knowing the high priority of sustainable rural development goals within the EU, empowering residents within these post-communist societies has become a pertinent issue especially where those societies appear more reluctant to engaging in democratic ways of decision-making. In response to this gap, this study tests the cross-cultural validity of the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale, and then evaluates how empowerment predicts residents’ support for tourism within the municipality of Choczewo, Pomerania, Poland. Using a theoretical perspective that blends Social Exchange Theory with Weber's Theory of Formal and Substantive Rationality, these non-economic empowerment dimensions are coupled with a measure of resident perceptions of economically benefiting from tourism to see if rural residents in Choczewo, Poland, are more swayed by the economic or non-economic benefits of tourism. Results show that residents within this Central and Eastern Europe setting are more influenced by the pride and self-esteem boost associated with psychological empowerment and the perceptions of increased community cohesion (i.e. social empowerment) than the economic promises of tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Communism, democracy and the left.
- Author
-
Makin-Waite, Mike
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRACY , *COMMUNISM , *COMMUNIST societies - Abstract
The article discusses the lessons on democracy and politics that can be derived from the principles of communism. It mentions the different types of disaffection with democracy and the things that it can deliver, which can be seen on the political success of U.S. President Donald Trump. It adds that communism teaches some political skepticism about formal democracy that is evidenced in the re-election of Jeremy Corbyn as the leader of the Labour Party in Great Britain.
- Published
- 2017
32. THE “SCÎNTEIA” NEWSPAPER - THE IMAGE OF THE “PERFECT” COMMUNIST ROMANIAN SOCIETY DURING THE „80s.
- Author
-
Hațegan, Corina
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNIST societies , *COMMUNISM , *PERSONALITY cults , *PROPAGANDA - Abstract
This paper aims to highlight some characteristics of the Romanian communist periodical publication, namely the “Scînteia” newspaper in the „80s. I focus on the last ten years of the newspaper‟s existence, outlining the main themes which were tackled in its pages. I demonstrate that the newspaper “Scînteia” from the „80s, and not only, was not simply an informative publication but a “silencing” one, obedient to the Communist Party. Basically, its main purpose was to present the socialist society as wonderful as it could, meanwhile describing the capitalist one as mostly, if not entirely, awful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
33. REWARDED FOR NOT THINKING.
- Author
-
Bishev, Maxim
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNISM , *COMMUNIST societies , *INTELLECTUAL freedom , *FREEDOM of speech ,HISTORY of the Soviet Union - Abstract
The author describes the story of his great-grandparents' time in the Soviet Union to illustrate the repression of people and free thought under communism. Topics covered include the way the Soviet system worked, the challenges faced by his grandparents, and how freedom of thought seeped into a traditionally brutal and oppressive society during the later decades of the Soviet Union.
- Published
- 2018
34. COMMUNIST LEGACIES AND OPPOSITION CHURCHES: Religiosity in Post-Communist Europe.
- Author
-
CLARDIE, JUSTIN
- Subjects
- *
RELIGIOUSNESS , *COMMUNIST societies , *POSTCOMMUNIST societies - Abstract
The interaction between religion and the state in post-Communist countries has naturally received a great deal of scholarly attention. The situation provides a natural experiment to examine the influence that government policies can have on religiosity. The bulk of research has attempted to explain religiosity in post-Communist countries using either the secularization approach or the supply-side approach. Both of these models were developed with respect to non-Communist countries and have not been able to fully explain religiosity patterns. The current study suggests that two key factors are crucial to account for religiosity in post-Communist countries: the strength of the Communist legacy and the role of religious organizations in opposition movements. A Most Similar Systems design is employed by analyzing religiosity, as measured by religious values, beliefs and participation indicators, in Estonia and Latvia. Some support is found through the analysis. Latvia, where the Lutheran Church was involved in opposition and which displays a slightly weaker Communist legacy, has greater levels of religiosity than Estonia. By grounding expectations of post-Communist religiosity within characteristics of the transition, the current study makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. From shortage economy to second economy: An historical ethnography of rural life in communist Albania.
- Author
-
King, Russell and Vullnetari, Julie
- Subjects
ETHNOLOGY ,FARM life ,COMMUNIST societies ,OLDER people - Abstract
Few accounts exist of the nature of everyday rural life in communist societies, such as those which existed in Eastern Europe between the end of World War Two and circa 1990. In this paper we use oral-history testimonies from older people to reconstruct an ‘historical ethnography’ of rural life in Albania, the most isolated and repressive of the East European socialist regimes. We build our analysis around the dialectical relationship between the ‘shortage economy’, which was all-pervasive and derived from the Albanian regime's Stalinist policy of prioritising mining and heavy industry over consumer goods and agriculture, and the ‘second economy’ which developed as a bottom-up strategy to overcome some of the imbalances and blockages in the official or ‘first’ economy. Fieldwork was carried out in clusters of villages and settlements corresponding to cooperatives and a state farm in four locations in different parts of Albania. Within the symbiotic or ‘lubricating’ relationship between the shortage economy and the second economy, we examine the ‘institutionalised hierarchy of access’ that gave some people and groups privileged access to scarce goods, whilst others remained in a marginalised and partially excluded state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Marx and Human Nature: The Historical, the Trans-Historical, and Human Flourishing.
- Author
-
Struhl, Karsten J.
- Subjects
COMMUNISTS ,HUMAN behavior ,HUMAN evolution ,COMMUNIST societies ,WORK structure - Abstract
Marxists often dismiss the idea of human nature, claiming either that, for Marx, there is no human nature or that Marx had only a historical concept of human nature. A more careful reading reveals that Marx, in fact, had a robust trans-historical concept of human nature as well as a historical one. These two concepts operate at different levels. The trans-historical concept refers to the general form that human social activity takes, while the historical concept refers to the specific forms of human sociality and individuality within a given historical epoch. What Marx's trans-historical concept explains is how it is possible to have human nature in its historical form. Furthermore, it provides the ground for Marx's ideal of human flourishing implicit in his vision of a communist society, components of which are supported by Kropotkin's reconstruction of evolutionary theory and more recent developments in evolutionary psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. LOST IN A FOG.
- Author
-
Afanasyev, Yuri
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNIST parties , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *COMMUNIST societies , *COMMUNISM , *PRACTICAL politics , *PERESTROIKA ,SOVIET Union politics & government, 1985-1991 - Abstract
Presents a Soviet journalist's thoughts on the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Party demonstrated that it is fighting to preserve the system of power relations that former over the past 70 years; Perestroika was conceived as a way of restructuring society without changing its foundations; System's aptitude for self-preservation, the point of which is to meld Party and state structures into one.
- Published
- 1990
38. RETURN TO PYATIGORSK.
- Author
-
Laqueur, Walter
- Subjects
- *
CITIES & towns , *COMMUNIST societies , *PRACTICAL politics , *COMMUNISM , *GLASNOST ,SOVIET Union politics & government, 1985-1991 - Abstract
Describes an American journalist's visit to Pyatigorsk, a town in the Northern Caucasus where Russian president Mikhail Gorbachev was raised and made his early political career. Glasnost and political change have made modest progress in towns; Gorbachev functions as head of the Communist Party and state; General tendency toward decentralization; Local enterprises are subject to the orders and fiats of the local Party leadership.
- Published
- 1990
39. PAPER BACK.
- Author
-
Ungar, Sanford J.
- Subjects
- *
UNDERGROUND periodicals , *UNDERGROUND press publications , *COMMUNIST parties , *SOCIAL change , *POLITICAL change , *COMMUNIST societies , *PERIODICAL publishing ,CZECHOSLOVAKIAN politics & government -- 1989-1992 - Abstract
Explains that the dissident periodical "Lidove Noviny" or "People's Newspaper" has become legal after the collapse of the ruling Communist party in Czechoslovakia. Surrender to pressure from the opposition movement determined to transform the country into a liberal democracy; Paper's credibility as an alternative to the disgraced official Communist daily newspaper "Rude Pravo"; Preoccupation of editor Rita Klimova with the paper's sudden success and uncertain future.
- Published
- 1989
40. CZECH-OUT TIME.
- Author
-
Škvorecký, Josef
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNIST parties , *SOCIAL change , *POLITICAL change , *COMMUNIST societies , *COMMUNISM & society , *EDUCATIONAL change ,CZECHOSLOVAKIAN politics & government -- 1989-1992 - Abstract
Discusses the social and political impact of the collapse of Communist Party rule in Czechoslovakia. Lack of historical precedent for the downfall of an entire political system; Teaching of Marxism-Leninism in Czech universities and high schools; Certain poets published in the 1970s; Occupation for thousands of cadres officers entrusted with snooping on a company's employees; Freedom of speech; Perestroika and economic efficiency; Unemployment for the armed forces.
- Published
- 1989
41. Stalin's Ghost Over Hammersmith.
- Author
-
Massingham, Hugh
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNISM , *COMMUNISTS , *STATESMEN , *COMMUNIST parties , *ORGANIZATION , *COMMUNIST societies - Abstract
The article focuses on issues related to Stalinism. The British Communists have just finished a special Congress that is full of fascination for the connoisseur. It will be said that the party is one of the weakest in the Western world, and certainly it numbers its warriors in thousands whereas the French and Italians can count theirs in millions. All the same there is a sense in which its pathetic feebleness makes it a truer guide to Communist theory and practice than a stronger organization. According to the author of this article one can learn a great deal from the proceedings of this Congress, called, and with the greatest reluctance, because the rank and file were getting out of hand after the tragic events in Hungary. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin is dead, but his fearful genius still broods the Communist world.
- Published
- 1957
42. REVOLT IN THE SOVIET SATELLITES?
- Author
-
Coffin, Tris
- Subjects
COMMUNISM ,OPPRESSION ,COST of living ,RESISTANCE to government ,MINERS strikes & lockouts ,COMMUNIST societies - Abstract
The article focuses on the resistance against Communist dictatorship in the Soviet Union, China and the satellite nations as oppression increases and living standards fall. Those insisting on immediate aid by the U.S. contend that resistance against Communism seems to be rising toward a peak. In Bulgaria, they say the once powerful Agrarian Party has developed a large-scale underground network, which is said to reach into the puppet government. In Hungary, official statements last month revealed stay-away strikes by coal miners, withholding of crops by peasants on a wholesale basis, sabotage and murder of Communist officials.
- Published
- 1951
43. Roads of the Ex-Communists.
- Author
-
Vittorini, Elio
- Subjects
COMMUNISTS ,COMMUNIST societies ,POLITICAL participation ,CAPITALISM ,LIBERALISM - Abstract
The article focuses on the countries which have communist societies and groups operating within their political boundaries . The societies of France, Great Britain, and the U.S. are both capitalist and liberal. In all three, the human values of liberalism are combined with the social disadvantages of capitalism, and can even appear to be indivisible. One must add to this conception what remains of the romantic in modern culture. The Communist workers in France, and even more in Great Britain, or in the United States, has an anti-liberal bias.
- Published
- 1952
44. Inner Asia: Sino-Soviet Bridge.
- Author
-
Lattimore, Owen
- Subjects
POLITICAL communication ,COMMUNIST societies ,COMMUNISTS ,POLITICAL development ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article focuses on the political life of the communist countries. According to the author one basic feature of the political conditions in such countries and their satellites is the lively traffic in visiting party leaders and cultural missions. He refers to relations between China and outer Mongolia. After the Communists brought the whole of mainland China under their control in 1950, their diplomatic relations with outer Mongolia remained lethargic. Good reasons exist both for the slow development of relations between Chinese and Mongol Communists and for the present acceleration.
- Published
- 1952
45. Chiang's Guerrillas.
- Author
-
Roth, Andrew
- Subjects
GUERRILLAS ,COMMUNIST societies ,WAR ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,SHAN (Asian people) ,MEDICAL supplies - Abstract
American policy toward Communist China may hinge on the fate of 4,000 malaria-ridden Kuomintang Chinese guerrillas holed up in the mountainous jungles of the Shan states of northeastern Burma. Their veteran commander, recently made a veteran commander, recently made a secret trip to Formosa, Argentina, via Bangkok, Thailand, and Hong Kong, China, to get supplies and reinforcements. Adequate food, arms, and medical supplies, which must be shipped through Bangkok, can only be provided with open American help. American sympathy for guerrillas' contrasts with Great Britain's recently renewed acknowledgment that the Peking, China, regime cannot be replaced in the near future, certainly not by the Kuomintang.
- Published
- 1952
46. Russian History After Stalin.
- Author
-
Warth, Robert D.
- Subjects
AUTHORS ,LITERATURE ,COMMUNISM ,DICTATORS ,COMMUNIST societies ,TOTALITARIANISM - Abstract
The article discusses books and authors. "Russia since 1917: Four Decades of Soviet Politics," by Frederick L. Schuman represents in many ways, the summing up of the story for a generation of liberals which was nourished more than two decades ago on the Sidney Webbs' "Soviet Communism." There are, of course, major changes in emphasis and interpretation. Dictator Joseph Stalin has been drastically downgraded; the Opposition, especially Leon Trotsky, has not precisely been upgraded, but at least the Moscow trials are no longer taken at face value.
- Published
- 1957
47. From the Thoughtful Businessman.
- Author
-
Umstattd, Wm. E., French, Paul Comly, and Karlsberger, Louis F.
- Subjects
LETTERS to the editor ,EMPLOYEE benefits ,BUSINESS management of hospitals ,COMMUNIST societies ,GUARANTEED annual wage ,HOSPITAL costs ,BASIC income ,CORPORATE finance ,COMPENSATION management - Abstract
The letters to the editor refer to articles in previous issues of "Harvard Business Review." A reader comments on "Big Costs of Little Fringes," by Austin M. Fisher and John F. Chapman, which is in the September-October 1954 issue. "Thinking Ahead: Business and Government," by Joseph W. Alsop, is in the May-June issue. "Hospitals Need Business Know-How," by John J. Brennan Jr., is also in the September-October issue. Topics include the outlook for disintegration of the Soviet empire and communism, advertising to discourage workers' interest in the guaranteed annual wage, and hospital costs.
- Published
- 1955
48. Editorials.
- Subjects
ESCALATION (Military science) ,SOCIETIES ,COMMUNIST societies - Abstract
This article focuses on some current issues in the United States. Writer Herman Kahn has a ladder in the April issue of Fortune, which, does not lead to heaven. Usually a ladder is not needed to reach hell, but that is Herman's likely destination. The title of Mr. Kahn's piece is "Escalation As a Strategy," and the thesis is that in a situation of incipient conflict a nuclear nation must get on the escalation ladder and climb. In one of its useful roundups, this time by writer Robert E. Dallos, The Wall Street Journal tells of the boom in the John Birch Society's fortunes. Far from being discomfited by the resounding defeat of executive Barry Goldwater, the Birchites have taken new heart. Their premise is that the United States is already 70 percent Communist-dominated and in ten years or so will be taken over lock, stock and barrel.
- Published
- 1965
49. Is Europe Done For?
- Author
-
Laski, Harold J.
- Subjects
EUROPEAN politics & government ,CAPITALISM ,SOCIALISM ,COMMUNIST societies ,TECHNOLOGY ,IMPERIALISM - Abstract
Europe today presents the characteristics of a civilization of which the ultimate foundations have been called into question. The establishment of Socialist and Communist governments over so wide an area registers a general dissatisfaction with capitalist society. The European crisis is more dramatic and shattering, first, because modern technology has made the pace of change ever more rapid, and, second, because the breakdown of European imperialism, not only in the Far East but, at least as significantly, in Eastern and Southeastern Europe as well, has deprived capitalism of the chance to carry on as a going concern, with the masses paying the price of maintaining their old rulers in their historic privileges.
- Published
- 1947
50. What Does it Mean to Be a Kin Majority? Analyzing Romanian Identity in Moldova and Russian Identity in Crimea from Below.
- Author
-
Knott, Eleanor
- Subjects
- *
NATIONALISM , *COMMUNIST societies , *DUAL nationality - Abstract
Objective This article investigates what kin identification means from a bottom-up perspective in two kin majority cases: Moldova and Crimea. Methods The article is based on ∼50 fieldwork interviews conducted in both Moldova and Crimea with everyday social actors (2012-2013). Results Ethnic homogeneity for kin majorities is more fractured that previously considered. Respondents identified more in terms of assemblages of ethnic, cultural, political, linguistic, and territorial identities than in mutually exclusive census categories. Conclusions To understand fully the relations between kin majorities, their kin-state and home-state and the impact of growing kin engagement policies, like dual citizenship, it is necessary to analyze the complexities of the lived experience of kin identification for members of kin majorities and how this relates to kin-state identification and affiliation. Understanding these complexities helps to have a more nuanced understanding of the role of ethnicity in post-Communist societies, in terms of kin-state and intrastate relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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