Search

Racialization of the drug trade has been an ongoing feature of drug‐related moral panics for over a century. In the latter part of the twentieth century, public anxieties about ongoing economic changes made immigrants and Mexican drug cartels convenient scapegoats in the context of moral panics about cannabis and cannabis growers. In this research, I focus on the social construction of cannabis growers in the Emerald Triangle of Northern California, with a particular focus on the cartel grower construct. Through a content analysis of news media coverage, government and law enforcement reports, and field notes from personal communications with law enforcement officers and government officials, I identify racialized constructions of growers in the region. I also explore the relationships between local narratives and the broader cannabis discourse. In this “post‐prohibition” moment, this discourse impacts U.S. cannabis policy conversations and fuels anti‐immigrant rhetoric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the state of press freedom in Indonesia, highlighting recent laws that criminalize defamation and restrict media reporting. Despite Indonesia's leadership role in promoting democratic norms in Southeast Asia, domestic laws contradict regional approaches. The article suggests that Indonesia needs to align its domestic laws with regional engagements to maintain consistency in its role. The challenges faced by the press in Indonesia due to restrictive laws are also addressed, emphasizing the need for greater press freedom and diversity in media ownership. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the state of press freedom in Indonesia and its divergence from regional approaches in Southeast Asia. It discusses the negative consequences of domestic laws on the press, such as the criminalization and imprisonment of journalists. While some argue that these laws modernize Indonesian law and combat misinformation, others view them as opportunistic legislation. The article explores Indonesia's role in promoting democratic norms in the region and suggests measures to enhance press freedom and avoid inconsistencies. It also addresses challenges faced by the press in Indonesia, including concerns about the reliability and neutrality of information due to the political ambitions of media owners. The limitations imposed on the press make it difficult to have diverse media available in the country. The transition of the newspaper "Republika" from print to online due to high costs impacts local populations who still rely on printed news. The article emphasizes the importance of Indonesia's role in Southeast Asia and the need for alignment between domestic laws and regional engagements to maintain its identity and advocacy of democratic norms and values. The criminalization of the press and the threats faced by journalists and media outlets hinder the establishment of a true democracy. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is urged to collaborate with relevant stakeholders to maintain a consistent image in regional affairs. [Extracted from the article]

As digital platforms that expand opportunities to create, distribute, and access content online, social media are transforming the policing landscape. While scholars have considered social media's contradictory effects on police services' public image and operational capacity, less is known about how patterns of technological use are reported within the mainstream press. Employing a mixed-methods content analysis, this article assesses how Canadian newspapers framed the policing-social media relationship over a 15-year period, and how such representations can affect public opinion and policy. It finds, despite minor fluctuations over time and across outlets, news organizations prioritized police perspectives and offered overwhelmingly favourable assessments with social media being constructed as a valuable tool of crime prevention and control. The broader implications of these findings for perceptions of law enforcement and relations between the news media and institutional power are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every second, millions of cells within our bodies exchange critical messages. Yet, amidst this swarming molecular dialogue, miscommunications often occur, leading to misdiagnosis and ineffective treatments. Over 30% of therapeutic molecules fail to reach their intended targets due to inadequate understanding of tissue communication pathways. Herein, we unveil a novel diffusive molecular communication (DMC) model, offering insights into concentration dynamics and channel responses across diverse tissue geometries. We employed various signaling waveforms to gain insights into how these geometries impact the propagation and reception of molecular signals in tissues under different practical scenarios. In particular, rectangular and exponential signaling waveforms under each biological rectangular deployment, Biological cylindrical deployment, and biological spherical deployments have been used to analyze the DMC system in terms of concentration and channel response. First of all, the concentration of the information signal is derived analytically under each of the signaling waveforms and deployments. Further, the presented concentration of the information signal under each signaling and deployments are employed in evaluating the channel response at the receiver. Each of the presented analytical expressions has been quantified numerically under different parameters. The results demonstrate DMC's potential for developing new-era targeted drug delivery and bio-sensing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This thematic issue collects a selection of the linguistic papers presented during the interdisciplinary conference Parità, genere, disabilità: la prospettiva giuridica e la prospettiva linguistica ('Equality, gender, disability: the legal and linguistic perspective') held in October 2021 at the University of Milan. The papers deal with the inclusive languages of social sustainability, and in particular, six focus on the topic "language and gender" and one on "language and disability", mainly in German and Italian and partly in other languages. Both topics are analysed in the standard language and/or in specific domains of use (i. e., legal communication and institutional communication). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue that historical urban planning documents are important technical communication documents because of the ways they have shaped the lived world in ways harmful to marginalized communities. I illustrate this through analysis of a document from the first federal housing project in the US My analysis shows that, despite the document’s attempted neutrality, it uses language to racialize the city’s population and move agendas of structural racism into material spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates how populism in power influenced news media in Ecuador during leftist president Rafael Correa's presidency (2007–2017). Correa's administration triggered a bold media reform in Ecuador challenging traditional media and promising media democratization, but his government received sharp denunciations from press freedom and media organizations which considered Ecuador as a "not free" country, especially after the passing of a Communication Law in 2013 that regulated media extensively. Through content analysis of news and opinion pieces published in 2005, 2006, 2015, 2016, and 2018 by Ecuador's main legacy newspapers, El Comercio and El Universo, different legal and political contexts are examined. The main observations suggest an increase in polarization and improvements in journalistic professionalism, two results consistent and divergent to mainstream academic approaches and public discussions about populism. This contradictory situation may be explained by the emergence of a new political parallelism, absent before Correa came to power, which combines consistent stances based on the rejection of Correa's leadership, with an improvement in professional practices, especially when Correa was in power. These results, and novel approach adopting a detailed content analysis to explore the relationship between populism and journalism in a Latin American media system, may contribute to a better understanding of the influence of populism on news media. This study calls for more comparative and longitudinal analyses in different media systems and populist experiences, focused on the connection of professional practices and political positioning, with or without populist actors in power. Plain language summary: This article investigates how populism in power influenced journalism in Ecuador during leftist president Rafael Correa's incumbency (2007–2017) in a pioneering study using content analysis to observe what happened in the country after years of a populist presidency. One of the most complex cases of the so-called Latin American Pink Tide, also represented by the governments of Hugo Chavez in Venezuela, Cristina Fernandez in Argentina, or Evo Morales in Bolivia, Correa's Ecuador revolutionized the media system, amidst Correa's attacks to the "corrupt press," promises of media democratization and sharp denunciations from most press freedom and media organizations. Through analysis of news and opinion pieces, this article presents findings of how polarization and professionalization performed in Ecuador's main legacy newspapers, El Universo and El Comercio, before, during, and after Correa's era. The main observations suggest an increase in polarization and improvements in professionalization, two results consistent and divergent to mainstream academic discussions. This contradictory situation may be explained by the emergence of a new political parallelism, which combines consistent stances based on the rejection of Correa's leadership, with an improvement in professional practices, especially when Correa was in power. These results, and novel approach toward the relations between populism and news media, may contribute to a better understanding of the influence of populism on news media and to call for more comparative and longitudinal analyses in different media systems and populist experiences, focused on the connection of professional practices and political positioning, with or without influential populist actors in power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of formulating thermodynamics in a relativistic scenario remains unresolved, although many proposals exist in the literature. The challenge arises due to the intrinsic dynamic structure of spacetime as established by the general theory of relativity. With the discovery of the physical nature of information, which underpins Landauer's principle, we believe that information theory should play a role in understanding this problem. In this work, we contribute to this endeavour by considering a relativistic communication task between two partners, Alice and Bob, in a general Lorentzian spacetime. We then assume that the receiver, Bob, reversibly operates a local heat engine powered by information, and seek to determine the maximum amount of work he can extract from this device. As Bob cannot extract work for free, by applying both Landauer's principle and the second law of thermodynamics, we establish a bound on the energy Bob must spend to acquire the information in the first place. This bound is a function of the spacetime metric and the properties of the communication channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of bilingual and multilingual legal dictionaries in translation and legal communication is changing as the availability of various online resources increases. It turns out that most legal dictionaries published in the EU do not meet the standards of an ideal legal dictionary, in which linguistic data are supplemented with relevant law-related information. Furthermore, there is a strong disparity in terms of availability between dictionaries of major European languages and those of languages of limited diffusion. In the Czech context, bibliographic data indicate that a massive wave of legal lexicographic activity culminated around the year 2000. Since then, the trend has been dropping sharply. The authorship of the dictionaries, among which major European languages and Latin predominate, is almost exclusively in the hands of Czech authors. The decline of paper dictionaries does not seem to be fully compensated by online dictionaries for the time being. Yet the potential of electronic platforms for legal lexicography is considerable in terms of capacity, userfriendliness, accessibility and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and technological development create challenges for the communication and dissemination of law, which is essential for modifying behavior to suit evolving societal demands. Starting from a mixed theoretical approach, this study explores law socialization via social media, focusing on the Romanian situation. It examines how legislative and governance institutions spread the law and negotiate legal meanings in the new socialization space. The results indicate a slow institutional adaptation to new communication methods and a lack of social media strategies. Institutions use social media mainly to account for transparency and acquire public sympathy rather than to accomplish functional objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While many have asked whether the law can keep up with new technologies, we may need to ask bigger questions, lest in 'updating' we redraw the circuits of inequitable power relations. The fundamental ideas of autonomy and sovereignty that sit at the heart of the circuitry of platform and technological regulation must be reconsidered. How can we rewire this system? Examining the ways that relational thinking has been employed normatively, particularly in areas of communications law, this article suggests that we can draw on relational thinking, understood through critical theories that deal with historical structural relations, for guidance on how to rewire our legal operating system. Critical theories can infuse a relational approach to understanding communication law, which can be drawn on to rewire our legal operating system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using agenda-setting theory and content analysis, this study examines the coverage of Argentina's 2009 emblematic Audiovisual Communication Services Law (ACSL). The law, which sparked a legal battle between the government and that nation's most powerful media corporation, aimed to democratize the airwaves and to increase plurality and inclusion. To explore the sources used in the stories covering the law, data were collected from three national newspapers' online publications (Clarín, La Nación, and Página/12), between 1 March 2009, and 29 October 2013. Each newspaper's online database was employed to identify articles about the ACSL. Results from the analysis suggest that the quantity of sources varied significantly across the three papers. Further analysis revealed that at the beginning of the controversy all newspapers used similar sources, but as the discussion progressed, Página/12 (liberal, more supportive of the law) tended to use more government officials while La Nación and Clarín (conservative, opposed to the law) tended to use oppositional leaders, unnamed sources, and media organizations associated with the conglomerates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"The Critique of Law" has been recognized as a Q2 journal by the Scimago Journal & Country Rank, indicating its high number of citations and prestige ratings. It is the most influential Polish law journal with an index of 0.237. The journal has also been included in the Web of Science Emerging Sources Citation Index. The current issue features articles on various legal topics, including constitutional law, legal theory, administrative law, criminal law, environmental law, financial law, and civil law. The journal is also organizing the 3rd nationwide conference on the specificity of research in juridical science and journal scoring. [Extracted from the article]

The increasing prevalence of immersive technologies and blockchain platforms in modern commerce has ignited animated debates among intellectual property law scholars on the use of nonfungible tokens (NFTs) in the sale of crypto‐assets or virtual property. Despite the rapidly growing interest in the implications of NFTs for copyright law, particularly in the realm of digital art, relatively little attention has been given to the question of whether the rights of copyright stakeholders (as opposed to the works in which such rights subsist) are capable of tokenisation as NFTs or of being transferred via NFT‐tethered transactions in blockchain environments. This article highlights the dangers of treating copyright as capable of being tokenised or transferred as NFTs on blockchain platforms, and argues that such an approach poses fundamental risks to the 'nemo dat' principle in property law. The article further proposes that the right of communication in copyright law should be extended to include the minting of NFTs in relation to digital files containing creative expression, to protect the interests of digital artists from the exploits of rogue crypto‐traders on blockchain platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal transactions have permeated every aspect of our life. Much of this is accomplished through legal translators who, by their outputs, impact our personal and professional future. That said, this article seeks to tackle the challenges and opportunities in preparing legal translators for professional practice. The article is a quality review in its nature which adopts the descriptive approach. The interactionist perspective is adopted in this present article to examine the challenges faced by and the opportunities offered to legal translators under training. This examination is placed within the context of the rapidly evolving translation industry and its related interdisciplinary research, which covers the technology and legal translation, quality in legal translation, and training pathways for legal translators. The subjective perspective is acknowledged as the human experience is involved to explain the individual phenomena within broader context of legal translation profession. The article draws that there is a need to make changes in the legal translation status because we need to improve the translator's perception of their role. Moreover, training models adopted to prepare legal translators have to be updated by revising the outdated practices of legal translation, and integrating the social role to face the new challenges as the translators are the intercultural mediators who facilitate the international legal communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The analysis of communication tools used in advocacy is currently a topical research problem in the context of dynamic information communication in the sociopolitical space. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the attorney’s request as a means of obtaining information by attorneys to carry out their professional activity. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted with the help of numerous methods, the method of expert interviews being the leading one. It was used to single out the procedural characteristics and prospects of the attorney’s request in presentday Ukraine. Results: Attention is drawn to a number of issues that complicate the process of submitting attorney’s request and a proper use of this mechanism and procedure by an attorney. The ratification of the EU-UkraineAssociation Agreement opens up new prospects not only for Ukrainian and European producers but also provides for interesting objectives for attorneys to consult the private sector in the process of building new markets. Conclusion: In this article, it was suggested to compare and analyze the issue of the attorney’s request in Ukrainian and Polish legal framework. As a result of the research, problems were identified, and proposals were made for a simplified procedure for submitting an attorney’s request as a communication instrument in advocacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a historical fact of significance that in Latin America there have been experiences around the constitution of community, alternative and popular media, which have known how to interpret the demands and needs of groups and social organizations. This has contributed to highlighting the importance of having communication policies in the region oriented towards an effective exercise of the right to communicate, based on the democratization of national media communication systems, beyond the existence of the media. of commercial or private ownership. Despite the efforts made in recent years in some countries, as well as some setbacks, the central issue revolves around the problem of the economic sustainability of these media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the contribution that the figure of economy can make to understanding gender in contemporary Britain, focusing on gender as a social quality and legal category that is produced, allocated and used. The article proceeds in two parts. The first part considers the politics of sex-based feminism and gender-as-diversity through an economic frame. The second part focuses, in detail, on one specific juncture where these diverging politics meet: decertification – a law reform proposal to dismantle the system for assigning, registering and regulating legal sex. Decertification is a controversial strategy. Advocates argue that self-expression and interpersonal communication, whether through gender or against it, is hindered by a state-based disciplinary certification system. Critics disagree. They argue that dismantling legal communication about a person's sex makes it harder to put categories of female and woman to remedial use. Drawing on other uses of certification, including commercial ones, this article suggests that certification not only communicates information about a process, quality or thing; it also contributes to their production. The impact of decertification on how gender is produced, what gets produced as gender and the uses to which gender is put are central to determining whether decertification is beneficial to a progressive transformative gender politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas legal comparisons tend to be concerned with legal systems, structures or rules, this paper focuses on a more fundamental element of law: a legal concept. From the semiotic point of view, a concept is an element of the tripartite construct of meaning, which – in the legal context – is derived from a particular legal system. Since effective communication in legal practice is predicated on the unity of meaning, issues are likely to arise when an act of communication spans disparate legal cultures. When the epistemic embedding of legal concepts fundamentally differs between the respective legal systems with which the participants to a communicative event are familiar, conceptual incommensurability will arise, impeding the communication process and, potentially, also having an impact on associated court proceedings. Against this theoretical backdrop, the paper shifts its focus to globalised legal practice, which requires a broader legal skillset and comparative perspectives. As an illustration, the equivalence of selected substantive law concepts is explored across the common law/civil law divide, accurate comprehension of which is essential to intercultural provision of legal services. Drawing parallels between the functional method in comparative law and the functional approach recommended in legal translation, an overview is provided of techniques for remedying terminological incongruence and conveying intended meaning across legal cultures. The paper concludes by querying whether the law curriculum would be enhanced by inclusion of comparative and linguistic perspectives, with a view to equipping graduates with interdisciplinary tools for effective legal communication and global law practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is qualitative research using bibliographical reviews, articles, books and website regarding public policies for inclusion and training of Libras professionals (teacher, interpreter and AEE specialist) in regular education. This research begins with the historical context of deaf education in Brazil, seeking to understand its origins. Also bringing advances in laws with all the struggles and resistance, the education of the deaf gained a new stage in history with the legalization of law no. 10,436/2002, which recognizes Libras as a legal means of communication between the Brazilian deaf community, and the decree no. 5,626 - which modifies the existing educational reality, which required bilingual schools. Giving a greater face to professional qualification, pedagogical resources, and the appropriate school environment for the best qualification of these students. This research supports the need to guarantee and ensure the rights of the deaf community, pointing out the difficulties and existing public policies that ensure rights, through the LDB (Law of guidelines and bases of national education.), seeking to bring the importance of the professional and from the Libra interpreter to Brazilian education and the difficulties that decent people face when working in the classroom. With everything, it was possible to analyze the need for greater qualification for Libras professionals, more investments in pedagogical subjects, more investments in structuring the school environment in which these students are inserted and more technological resources for the qualification of these students and teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rechtswissenschaft (Baden-Baden) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The issue of cluster synchronization and disturbance rejection of multi‐weighted complex dynamical networks subject to nonlinearities and external disturbances are studied in this article. In particular, a hybrid‐triggering control scheme is implemented to mitigate the burden of the network transmission according to the prespecified triggering condition, under which each node will transmit its signal independently to the controller. To be more specific, a Bernoulli distributed stochastic variable is introduced to describe the switching law of the communication scheme. Also, the disturbance rejection performance is carried out with the aid of an improved equivalent input disturbance estimator approach. The sufficient criterion in the form of linear matrix inequalities is derived by constructing a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and employing stochastic theory. Based on these settings, the feedback gain matrices and the trigger parameters affirming the desired cluster synchronization performance of the considered networks are established. Eventually, two illustrative examples including Lur'e networks with simulations are presented, which evidently proves the effectiveness of the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the problem of multiple missiles to attack a maneuvering target simultaneously. Based on a fixed-time fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface (FNTSMS), fixed-time distributed cooperative guidance laws are developed. By designing guidance laws along and perpendicular to line of sight (LOS) direction, both relative velocity and range-to-go are consistent. In addition, a saturation function is introduced to avoid the chattering problem caused by the commonly used sign function. Furthermore, a distributed cooperative guidance law with communication failure is considered and proved theoretically, which shows that the proposed guidance law has excellent performance. Finally, the simulation results not only explain the performance of the distributed guidance law,but also verify the robustness against communication topology switching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses practices of pandemic time making that surrounded the imposition and communication of laws restricting daily life in parts of the United Kingdom in spring 2020. With colleagues, we commissioned a Mass Observation Project directive in summer 2020, asking contributors about their everyday experience of time during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We analyse how legal temporalities emerge across 228 responses. Initially, law making seemed belated, missing the disruptive temporalities of the pandemic. Once they arrived, pandemic rules were sudden, changeable, and confusing. Mass Observation writers forged clusters of improvised practices – tactics of anticipation – to cope with these unsettling temporalities. Meanwhile, the Hansard Society, the Joint Committee on Statutory Instruments, and legal commentators argued that 'fast‐track' pandemic law making was error ridden, putting the public at risk of unwitting criminal liability. Attentive to 'polyrhythmic' temporalities operating across fields of experience and action, our study underlines the contradictory qualities of apparently resonant constructions of legal time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to present the possibility of using the plain language standard for communication in the field of law. So far, legal design as a model of communication between lawyers and citizens/clients has not been thoroughly developed in terms of both theory and practice. Therefore, the first part of the text presents the most important features of plain language in terms of legal design. It is one of the possible ways to apply the standard of plain Polish developed over a decade ago. The high degree of difficulty of texts in the field of law results in their recipients being excluded in terms of communication. Legal design is the simplification of the language of law in such a way that it is useful and understandable for every citizen. The second part of the article describes good practices of using this information design model in the field of law. The effectiveness and efficiency of activities aimed at visualising content has been tested among clients of one of Poznań law firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Administración Pública is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales is the property of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Existing theories exploring how companies interact with the law stop short of unveiling whether and why companies can differentially pursue, interact with, and benefit from a particular legal environment. We theorize that companies can use social structures—shared educational and professional affiliations—between lawyers and judges to strategically pursue specific legal jurisdictions, influence judges' discretion, and ultimately reap different legal outcomes from the same legal environment. Using data on such affiliations between lawyers and federal judges, we examine companies' choice of U.S. federal district courts and their legal outcomes in patent infringement litigation from 1990 to 2013. Our results reveal that companies strategically pursue courts in which their lawyers have past educational or professional affiliations with the courts' judges. If a desired judge is assigned to the case, a company leverages its lawyers' social structures to tailor any legal communication to match that judge's style. While such behavior results in a higher likelihood of winning a lawsuit, it also creates an inherent risk. In stacking their legal teams with lawyers who have connections to judges, companies often shortchange the human capital—lawyers' skillsets—required to win a case, which adversely affects legal outcomes if the desired judge is not assigned to the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial introducing a special issue of the journal "Information & Communications Technology Law." The issue features articles that were presented at the Socio-Legal Studies Association Annual Conference in 2022 and 2023. The articles explore the legal regulation of cyberspace and new information technologies from various perspectives, addressing the question of how the law should respond to technological change. The papers cover topics such as algorithmic discrimination, copyright law in the context of internet memes, privacy and competition law challenges, content blocking orders in India, and legislative criminalization of online acts in Africa. The articles aim to address complex legal issues and propose methods to address them. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, a generalized three-dimensional (3D) cooperative guidance law with seeker's field-of-view (FOV) constraints is designed for multiple missiles to achieve salvo attack against a stationary target. The proposed generalized guidance law is composed of two parts: a proportional navigation guidance (PNG) component for target capture and a biased feedback component for simultaneous arrival. Two novel auxiliary functions are integrated into the biased feedback component to guarantee the satisfaction of FOV constraint. Furthermore, a time-varying lower bound that contains the impact time error is utilized to avoid the guidance command singularity. The proposed guidance law can be easily applied to various missile communication topologies, including centralized connected, distributed connected, and no-connected topologies. The convergence of impact time error, FOV constraint satisfaction, and command non-singularity of the proposed guidance law are theoretically analyzed and proved. Extensive numerical simulations with comparative studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed guidance law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BUILDING AFRICAN language data sets has been essential, but it's only one step toward making NLP work for African languages. For many volunteers, Masakhane has been a stepping stone toward pursuing academic research on AI, and the project has created a pipeline of AI researchers who are native speakers of African languages. Hausa is the second most spoken African language, with an estimated 60 million to 80 million speakers, and it's just one of more than 2000 African languages that are mostly absent from AI research and products. Such errors in artificial intelligence (AI) translation are common with African languages. [Extracted from the article]

This article contributes to the current debate on the violation of human rights through the practice of green grabbing. The study reflects upon the situation of territorial insecurity and the struggle for territorial rights of the Akroá Gamela people, who live in the south of the State of Piauí, characterized by what is called here weak land governance. The indigenous territory studied does not have its homologation process finalized, which means that it does not officially exist, nor does it allow its boundaries to be added to most of the official databases of different governmental spheres. The region where the Akroá Gamela people are located is also situated within an area of advancing agricultural frontier known as Matopiba, located in the Cerrado area, the second largest biome in Brazil and South America. The main goal is to think on how green grabbing wickedly uses legal problems of communication between entities and governance to foster deforestation. To do so, we analyze two land regulation tools: the Rural and Environmental Registration (CAR) and the Vegetation Suppression Authorization (ASV), to understand this process of traditional population and peasants' land rights encroachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a litigation environment that features managerial judges, few trials, and increasing volumes of fact evidence, discovery is often what shapes and determines a case. The process is largely invisible to the public and the courts, and the rules of civil procedure do little to guide it. Instead of being a rule-governed process, civil discovery is to a large extent shaped by what this Article terms Discovery Culture: the norms and practices that govern everyday discovery practice and evolve over time within legal communities. This Article introduces the concept of Discovery Culture, explores its nature as an extralegal practice, and examines the implications for a civil justice system that has Discovery Culture at the very core of its operations. It argues that the formal rules have ceded so much ground to cultural norms that the discovery process, as currently practiced in the federal judicial system, is more akin to an environment of "order without law" than to an environment governed by law in a traditional positivist sense. Ensuring adequate procedural protections requires a recognition of the central role of Discovery Culture in the discovery process, and procedural measures to make its norms and practices visible and evaluable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Correspondencias & Analisis is the property of Universidad de San Martin de Porres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)