42,346 results on '"COMMERCIAL aeronautics"'
Search Results
2. Visual Attention Distribution of Pilot Flying <italic>vs.</italic> Pilot Monitoring During Different Flight Phases.
- Author
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Zuo, Yaxue, Qi, Jin, Maksimovic, Cedo, Chen, Bin, Hu, Jie, and Zhao, Qianyou
- Subjects
- *
AIRCRAFT carrier flight decks , *EYE tracking , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *EYE movements , *FLIGHT simulators - Abstract
AbstractWith the continuous maturation of technology and the deepening of human-centered design philosophy, eye tracking technology has gradually been applied in research studies for the optimization of flight deck design in commercial aviation. While these studies have focused solely on Pilot Flying (PF), without considering the visual attention distribution of Pilot Monitoring (PM). The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the visual attention distribution of PF and PM during different flight phases, providing more comprehensive guidance and optimization suggestion to the flight deck design in commercial aviation. This study was conducted in the A320 full-motion flight simulator, with eye tracking technology recording eye movements of PF and PM in the same flight crew simultaneously. The result showed significant differences in three eye movement metrics between PF and PM, not only throughout the whole common manual circuit but also within specific flight phases. Additionally, the results indicated that in certain flight phases, PF and PM exhibited statistically significant correlations in certain eye movement metrics for specific areas of the flight deck. However, in most other instances, no statistically significant correlations were observed between the eye movement metrics of PF and PM. Therefore, the future design of flight decks may benefit from considering differentiation between PF and PM sides in certain flight phases or areas. Additionally, it can be beneficial to make dynamic adjustments to the current flight deck display and control interface while maintaining the existing layout design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Uncontrolled reentries of space objects and aviation safety.
- Author
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Hook, Charlotte, Wright, Ewan, Byers, Michael, and Boley, Aaron
- Subjects
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AERONAUTICAL safety measures , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *ROCKET launching , *ROCKETS (Aeronautics) , *AIRCRAFT accidents , *SPACE debris - Abstract
There is a growing risk to aircraft in flight from collisions with debris produced by the breakup of uncontrolled rocket bodies and satellites during atmospheric reentry. On one hand, the aviation industry has grown to almost 39 million flights per year, with a 63 % increase between 2004 and 2019. On the other hand, the number of successful rocket launches more than doubled between 2015 and 2023, from 87 to 212, respectively. During those 212 launches in 2023, 128 rocket bodies were abandoned in orbit, left to reenter uncontrollably. Such uncontrolled space object reentries are hard to predict, making mitigation measures difficult. In November 2022, a reentering Long March 5B rocket caused the closure of airspace over Europe, delaying 645 flights and having a plausible economic impact of millions of Euros. There are international and domestic laws that might enable the recovery of economic losses resulting from uncontrolled reentries, but such losses should not be allowed to occur in the first place. Instead of leaving the location of a reentry to chance, controlled reentries can be achieved with existing technologies and mission designs, directing reentries away from areas of high aircraft traffic. Moving to a controlled reentry regime would create a cost to space operators – but that cost is currently being externalized to the aviation industry. Multilateral solutions to create a controlled reentry regime should be pursued, as recommended in the 2023 Montreal Recommendations on Aviation Safety and Uncontrolled Space Object Reentries, before there is a tragedy caused by an aircraft collision with debris from a rocket body or satellite. • As the number of rocket launches and commercial aircraft flights increase, the probability of a catastrophic collision between an aircraft and reentering space debris is also growing. • Technologies and mission designs exist to enable all rocket bodies to be returned to Earth in a controlled manner, eliminating the casualty risk. • From a broad economic perspective, space companies are externalizing some of their risks and costs and imposing them on the aviation industry. • States are liable for damage caused by reentering space objects and could be liable for the economic costs caused by precautionary airspace closures. • The 2023 Montreal Recommendations offer actionable steps to reduce the risk of collisions between space debris and aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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4. Ideological Baggage: An Analysis of Sully (Clint Eastwood, 2016) and Flight (Robert Zemeckis, 2012).
- Author
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Goss, Brian Michael
- Subjects
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VIOLENCE against Black people , *BLACK Lives Matter movement , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *AIR traffic control , *WOMEN in motion pictures , *MASCULINITY , *JUVENILE offenders , *AIRCRAFT accidents - Abstract
This article examines the films "Sully" and "Flight" and their portrayal of prevailing ideologies. Released during Barack Obama's presidency, both films focus on skilled pilots rather than passengers. "Sully" presents a white male hero who opposes regulation, while "Flight" features an African American antihero who finds redemption in jail. Both films affirm mainstream ideologies of individualism and redemption, while also highlighting the challenges and contradictions within the United States. The article argues that both films ultimately reinforce American nationalism and fail to address the social and political realities of their time. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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5. Australian SASR in Borneo: The strategic contribution of the Australian SAS Regiment (SASR) during the Konfrontasi (1965-1966).
- Author
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Kok Wey, Adam Leong
- Subjects
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COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *JUNGLES , *RECONNAISSANCE operations , *INFORMERS - Abstract
The Konfrontasi (Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation) signaled the first combat deployment of the Australian Special Air Service Regiment (SASR). Between 1965 and 1966, two SASR squadrons were deployed and involved in secretive Claret Operations. The SASR's operations were concentrated in the jungles of Borneo, along the porous and mountainous borders of Sarawak and Indonesia's Kalimantan. The SASR had conducted reconnaissance missions collecting intelligence and track-and-ambush missions inside Indonesia's territory. The SASR was also involved in 'hearts and minds' campaigns, building trust and partnerships with local aborigines in remote jungle areas to serve as friendly informers. This article assesses the tactical and strategic impact of SASR's operations on the campaign's overarching grand strategy. The SASR's strategic value in the Konfrontasi albeit limited at the tactical level, yielded handsome strategic utility with lasting political benefits for Australia and Malaysia. This article provides a balanced evaluation of SASR's performance and lessons for contemporary special forces operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Cognitive Skills for Flight Path Management.
- Author
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Holder, Barbara, Finseth, Tor, and Lubold, Nichola
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COGNITIVE ability ,AIRWAYS (Aeronautics) ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,MARITIME pilots ,METACOGNITION ,COGNITION - Abstract
This research provides a current benchmark of the cognitive skills and cognitive processes needed for flight path management (FPM) in current commercial air transportation flight operations. While some cognitive skills for aviation have been identified, it remains unclear which skills are most pertinent for different phases of flight, for different tasks, across different aircraft types, and during operational complexity. Further, there is concern that flight deck automation may contribute to cognitive skill degradation. Two expert pilots participated in cognitive walkthroughs to establish a current benchmark of the cognitive skills and cognitive processes needed for FPM. The tasks involved seven different phases of flight and two different aircraft; the results from two phases are reported--Preflight Briefing and Initial Climb. The findings indicate nineteen cognitive skills, and three metacognitive skills are used by pilots for FPM. In addition, the cognitive process models needed for FPM are all very similar, regardless of the aircraft type, task, phase of flight, or increased operational complexity. These results provide a foundation for future efforts on cognitive skill degradation, training of FPM cognitive skills, and may be used to inform the design of new automated systems to support pilot cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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7. Fuel Efficiency Evaluation of A380 Aircraft through Comparative Analysis of Actual Flight Data of the A380–800 and A350–900.
- Author
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Jang, Sungwoo, Yoon, Seongjoo, and Yoo, Jae Leame
- Subjects
ENERGY consumption ,SUSTAINABLE development ,AIRBUS A380 ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,AIRBUS A350 - Abstract
The Airbus A380 was initially expected to replace existing aircraft due to its remarkable fuel efficiency on long-haul routes when operating with a full passenger load. However, recent changes in the commercial aviation environment have resulted in a decrease in demand for four-engine aircraft. Rising fuel prices have pushed airlines to focus on more efficient operations, while manufacturers prioritize producing advanced twin-engine aircraft. The debate over the long-term economic viability of A380 operations remains ongoing. This study compares and evaluates the fuel efficiency of the Airbus A380 and the Airbus A350 using actual flight data. The analysis employs a fuel efficiency prediction model to compare scenarios based on identical payload and load factor. Results indicate that the A350 is approximately twice as fuel efficient as the A380 under the same payload and about 1.34 times more efficient under the same load factor. The A380's economic viability is analyzed by considering the balance between revenue per available ton-kilometer (RASK) and cost per available ton-kilometer (CASK). If the A380's RASK is significantly higher than 1.34 times the A350's or exceeds its own CASK, it can sustain operations. Achieving a balance between RASK and CASK is essential for the economic sustainability of A380 operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Creating 'an air sense:' Governor Hugh Clifford and the beginnings of civil aviation in Nigeria, 1919-1920.
- Author
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Olukoju, Ayodeji
- Subjects
COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,ARCHIVAL materials - Abstract
This paper focuses on the neglected subject of the beginnings of civil aviation in Nigeria in the aftermath of World War I. Until now, the literature on civil aviation in British colonial Africa had focused largely on Kenya, Central and South Africa and on post-World War II West Africa. This paper, relying on previously unexploited archival material, examines policy debates and options considered by the Colonial Office, the Air Ministry and the Nigerian colonial government. The unique, pioneering aviation drive of Nigeria's Governor Hugh Clifford took place in the context of immediate post-World War I dynamics: economic vicissitudes, Anglo-French rivalry in West Africa and the policy interface between London and the colonies. This paper demonstrates that aviation development in Nigeria had roots in the early 1920s, and that the initiative was not a metropolitan monopoly, thereby illustrating the extent of colonial gubernatorial autonomy vis-à-vis London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
9. Artificial Intelligence in Aviation: A Path Analysis.
- Author
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Halawi, Leila, Miller, Mark D., and Holley, Sam J.
- Subjects
- *
ATTITUDES toward technology , *TRUST , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *TECHNOLOGY Acceptance Model , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Abstract
The study applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to assess trust in artificial intelligence (AI) within the US commercial aviation industry. It found that ease of use and usefulness positively influenced attitudes toward AI, impacting users' intention to use it. However, perceived usefulness did not significantly affect meaning, purpose, and mood positively correlated with trust in AI. In some cases, higher perceived usefulness led to lower trust, indicating the complexity of trust in AI in aviation. This study highlights the importance of trust in AI and suggests the need for further investigation in the aviation context. It also recommends expanding the framework of trustworthy AI to consider factors like algorithm transparency, explainability, and fairness for a more comprehensive understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. A method to mitigate cyber exploits on automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) data transmissions.
- Author
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Pennapareddy, Swathi, Srinivasan, Ramprasad, and K., Natarajan
- Subjects
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COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *AUTOMATIC dependent surveillance-broadcast , *ADVANCED Encryption Standard , *SOFTWARE maintenance , *FLIGHT planning (Aeronautics) - Abstract
Purpose: Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is the foundational technology of the next generation air transportation system defined by Federal Aviation Authority and is one of the most precise ways for tracking aircraft position. ADS-B is intended to provide greater situational awareness to the pilots by displaying the traffic information like aircraft ID, altitude, speed and other critical parameters on the Cockpit Display of Traffic Information displays in the cockpit. Unfortunately, due to the initial proposed nature of ADS-B protocol, it is neither encrypted nor has any other innate security mechanisms, which makes it an easy target for malicious attacks. The system is vulnerable to various active and passive attacks like message ingestion, message deletion, eavesdropping, jamming, etc., which has become an area of concern for the aviation industry. The purpose of this study is to propose a method based on modified advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm to secure the ADS=B messages and increase the integrity of ADS-B data transmissions. Design/methodology/approach: Though there are various cryptographic and non-cryptographic methods proposed to secure ADS-B data transmissions, it is evident that most of these systems have limitations in terms of cost, implementation or feasibility. The new proposed method implements AES encryption techniques on the ADS-B data on the sender side and correlated decryption mechanism at the receiver end. The system is designed based on the flight schedule data available from any flight planning systems and implementing the AES algorithm on the ADS-B data from each aircraft in the flight schedule. Findings: The suitable hardware was developed using Raspberry pi, ESP32 and Ra-02. Several runs were done to verify the original message, transmitted data and received data. During transmission, encryption algorithm was being developed, which has got very high secured transmission, and during the reception, the data was secured. Field test was conducted to validate the transmission and quality. Several trials were done to validate the transmission process. The authors have successfully shown that the ADS-B data can be encrypted using AES algorithm. The authors are successful in transmitting and receiving the ADS-B data packet using the discussed hardware and software methodology. One major advantage of using the proposed solution is that the information received is encrypted, and the receiver ADS-B system can decrypt the messages on the receiving end. This clearly proves that when the data is received by an unknown receiver, the messages cannot be decrypted, as the receiver is not capable of decrypting the AES-authenticated messages transmitted by the authenticated source. Also, AES encryption is highly unlikely to be decrypted if the encryption key and the associated decryption key are not known. Research limitations/implications: Implementation of the developed solution in actual onboard avionics systems is not within the scope of this research. Hence, assessing in the real-time distances is not covered. Social implications: The authors propose to extend this as a software solution to the onboard avionics systems by considering the required architectural changes. This solution can also bring in positive results for unmanned air vehicles in addition to the commercial aircrafts. Enhancement of security to the key operational and navigation data elements is going to be invaluable for future air traffic management and saving lives of people. Originality/value: The proposed solution has been practically implemented by developing the hardware and software as part of this research. This has been clearly brought out in the paper. The implementation has been tested using the actual ADS-B data/messages received from using the ADS-B receiver. The solution works perfectly, and this brings immense value to the aircraft-to-aircraft and aircraft-to-ground communications, specifically while using ADS-B data for communicating the position information. With the proposed architecture and minor software updates to the onboard avionics, this solution can enhance safety of flights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Cooling of 1 MW Electric Motors through Submerged Oil Impinging Jets for Aeronautical Applications.
- Author
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Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe, Romano, Diego Giuseppe, Carozza, Antonio, and Pagano, Antonio
- Subjects
INTERNAL combustion engines ,ELECTRIC machines ,ELECTRIC propulsion ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,PROPULSION systems ,HYBRID electric airplanes ,FUEL cells - Abstract
Electrification of aircraft is a very challenging task as the demand for energy and power is high. While the storage and generation of electrical energy are widely studied due to the limited specific energy and specific power of batteries and fuel cells, electric machines (power electronics and motors) which have years of experience in many industrial fields must be improved when applied to aviation: they generally have a high efficiency but the increase in power levels determines significant thermal loads which, unlike internal combustion engines (ICE), cannot be rejected with the exhaust. There is therefore a need for thermal management systems (TMSs) with the main objective of maintaining operating temperatures below the maximum level required by electric machines. Turboprop aircraft, such as the ATR 72 or the Dash 8-Q400, are commonly used for regional transport and are equipped with two gas turbine engines whose combined power is in the order of 4 MW. Electric and hybrid propulsion systems for these aircraft are being studied by several leading commercial aviation industries and start-ups, and the 1MW motor size seems to be the main option as it could be used in different aircraft configurations, particularly those that exploit distributed electric propulsion. With reference to the topics mentioned above, the present work presents the design of a TMS for a high-power motor/generator whose electrical architecture is known. Once integrated with the electrical part, the TMS must allow a weight/power ratio of 14 kW/kg (or 20 kW/kg at peak power) while maintaining the temperature below the limit temperature with reasonable safety margins. Submerged jet oil is the cooling technique here applied with a focus on diathermic oil. Parameters affecting cooling, like rotor speed and filling factor, are analysed with advanced CFD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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12. Biofuel–Electric Hybrid Aircraft Application—A Way to Reduce Carbon Emissions in Aviation.
- Author
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Dong, Shengfei, Song, Zehua, Meng, Zheyi, and Liu, Ziyu
- Subjects
COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,CLEAN energy ,CARBON emissions ,AIRCRAFT fuels ,GLOBAL warming ,HYBRID electric airplanes ,CARBON offsetting - Abstract
As global warming intensifies, the world is increasingly concerned about carbon emissions. As an important industry that affects carbon emissions, the air transportation industry takes on the important task of energy saving and emission reduction. For this reason, major airlines have designed or will design different kinds of new-energy aircraft; however, each aircraft has a different scope of application according to its energy source. Biofuels have an obvious carbon emission reduction effect in the whole life cycle, which can offset the drawback of the high pollutant emission of traditional fossil fuels in the preparation and combustion stages. At the same time, a battery has zero emissions in the operating condition, while the low energy density also makes it more applicable to short-range navigation in small aircraft. In this paper, the development direction of a biofuel–electric hybrid aircraft is proposed based on the current development of green aviation, combining the characteristics of biofuel and electric aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Efficient SFC Protection Method against Network Attack Risks in Air Traffic Information Networks.
- Author
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Yang, Yong, Wang, Buhong, Tian, Jiwei, and Luo, Peng
- Subjects
INFORMATION networks ,AIR traffic ,AIR warfare ,VERNACULAR architecture ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,COMPUTER network security ,VIRTUAL networks - Abstract
With the continuous development of the civil aviation industry toward digitalization and intelligence, the closed architecture of traditional air traffic information networks struggles to meet the rapidly growing demands for air traffic services. Network function virtualization (NFV) is one of the key technologies that can address the rigidity of traditional air traffic information networks. NFV technology has facilitated the flexible deployment of air traffic services, but it has also expanded the attack surface of the network. In addressing the network attack risks faced by service function chains (SFCs) in NFV environments, a SFC protection method based on honeypots and backup technology (PBHB) is proposed to reduce the resource cost of protecting air traffic information networks while enhancing network security. Initially, PBHB utilizes the TAPD algorithm to deploy the primary VNFs as closely as possible to the shortest path between the source and destination endpoints, thus aiming to reduce SFC latency and save bandwidth resource costs. Subsequently, the RAHDR algorithm is employed to install honeypot VNFs in each physical platform that is at risk of side-channel attacks, thus updating the deployment status of honeypot VNFs in real time based on the VNF lifecycle in order to offer primary protection for SFCs. Lastly, the BDMPE algorithm was used to calculate the backup scheme with the highest protection efficiency to implement secondary protection for the SFCs that still do not meet the security requirements. Through experiments, the maximum backup limit for SFCs in PBHB was determined, confirming its satisfactory performance across various SFC arrival rates. Furthermore, performance comparisons with other SFC protection methods revealed that PBHB achieves optimizations in resources cost while ensuring SFC security and latency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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14. Meteorological service for international air navigation.
- Author
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Stroe, Gabriela-Liliana, Crunțeanu, Daniel-Eugeniu, Costea, Emil, and Costea, Mihaela-Luminita
- Subjects
- *
AERONAUTICAL navigation , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *ATMOSPHERIC models , *COMPUTER equipment , *DATABASES , *METEOROLOGICAL services , *WEATHER forecasting - Abstract
In this paper it is present the analysis of meteorological data onboard aircraft, because meteorological forecasts are not 100% accurate, therefore, meteorologists, through the careful scientific study carried out with the help of computer equipment they have the capacity to make the prediction of some meteorological models, of the tendencies and features with very good accuracy. Through complex system of meteorological services, government agencies and meteorological observers, as well as pilots but also other types of aviation professionals' benefit from this extensive database in the form of frequently updated weather reports and forecasts. These reports and forecasts allow pilots to be informed before taking decisions about the weather, and about the safety of the flight ahead, but also during a flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Automatic landing system using brain emotional learning based intelligent controller: A new algorithm.
- Author
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Roshanian, J., Bajelani, M., Panayotov, H., and Georgiev, K.
- Subjects
- *
INSTRUMENT landing systems , *INTELLIGENT control systems , *MACHINE learning , *REINFORCEMENT learning , *REWARD (Psychology) , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *LAND use - Abstract
Throughout the history of commercial aviation, the landing phase of the flight has always been a very challenging one for the pilot because of the dangers involved. Hence, designing a controller which has qualified performance during wind gusts and disturbances is so critical, i.e., an automatic landing system should be capable of responding quickly and effectively in a wide range of situations. Due to this issue, the objective of this study is to design a novel intelligent controller inspired by the mammals' brain to address the landing phase of a commercial aircraft in the presence of disturbances. To highlight the benefits of the proposed method, comparisons are also included between the brain emotional learning based intelligent controller, fuzzy, and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) methods. Through the suitable sensory inputs and reward signals in the algorithms as well as using the learning mechanism, the controller finds the proper control signal to be applied to the actuator, thus this method is able to reject disturbance and eliminate the tracking error without considering the model of the system. The numerical results indicate that using less control effort, the proposed method provides a better solution for the tracking problem in presence of wind gust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. NEPAL AND THE RIGHT SIDE OF HISTORY.
- Author
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Mulmi, Amish Raj
- Subjects
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COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *PEDDLERS , *CITY dwellers , *EIGHTEENTH century - Abstract
The article presents the discussion on Nepal's civil aviation authority having roadside hawkers and landless slum dwellers. Topics include mural being a depiction of what one Indian minister has described as the subcontinent under the Buddhist Mauryan emperor Ashoka; and embarked on a unifying military campaign in the second half of the 18th century.
- Published
- 2023
17. AIRPORT MOVEMENTS.
- Subjects
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DASSAULT Falcon (Jet transport) , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics chartering , *FREIGHT & freightage , *AIRLINE industry , *BOEING 737 (Jet transport) , *BOEING 747 (Jet transport) - Abstract
This document is a compilation of aircraft movements at different airports in the UK. It includes information on the registration numbers and types of planes that visited each airport on specific dates. The list covers both commercial and private aircraft and provides details on diversions, training flights, and deliveries of new planes. Notable events, such as the Champions League Final, are also mentioned. The document is a valuable resource for researchers interested in tracking airport movements and aircraft visits in the UK. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
18. Scramble, Scramble: It successfully maintained Britain's nuclear deterrent, but could the RAF's V-Force have delivered if the Cold War turned hot?
- Author
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Allett, Tom and Turnill, Bill
- Subjects
COLD War, 1945-1991 ,CUBAN Missile Crisis, 1962 ,WORLD War I ,BOMBERS (Airplanes) ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics - Abstract
This article provides an overview of the role played by the RAF's V-Force in maintaining Britain's nuclear deterrent during the Cold War. It emphasizes the importance of quick response times and well-practiced procedures in the event of a Soviet attack. The V-Force participated in air defense training exercises and showcased its capabilities in US air defense exercises called Sky Shield. The article also includes insights from a former V-Force captain, who discusses the preparations and mindset of the frontline crews. Additionally, the document describes the precautions taken by pilots when flying towards potential missile explosions, such as the use of blackout curtains and black eye patches. The author, Bill Turnill, has personal experience visiting the Malta base as part of the UK's V-Force. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
19. Madam Peacekeeper.
- Author
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GANNON, GENEVIEVE
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UNITED Nations peacekeeping forces ,SMALL states ,QUEENS ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,PERSONAL names - Abstract
Cheryl Pearce, a high-ranking officer in the United Nations' Peacekeeping, defied orders and intervened to save a teenage boy's life during her deployment in East Timor. This act of bravery led to backlash from her colleagues, but she ultimately received a Commendation for Bravery from the Australian Defence Force. Throughout her career, Cheryl faced sexism and resistance but persevered to become a leader in global peacekeeping. She emphasizes the importance of trusting her intuition and making small changes to support work-life balance for her team. Cheryl's experiences highlight the progress made towards gender equality in the Australian military. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
20. Funding the Metros: The Australian Airports Association has unveiled an ambitious plan to make government funding available to the leased metropolitan GA airports.
- Author
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HITCHEN, STEVE
- Subjects
COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,AVIATION policy ,BUILDING leases ,JET engines ,URBAN fringe ,CAPITAL cities ,INTERNATIONAL airports ,AIRPORTS - Abstract
The Australian Airports Association has put forth a plan to provide government funding to leased metropolitan general aviation (GA) airports in Australia. These airports are important for connecting capitals and regions and relieving major international airports of GA traffic. However, operators of these airports face challenges in funding infrastructure upgrades due to limited commercial income and the inability to access federal government grants or loans. The Australian Airports Association is advocating for government grants for aviation infrastructure, particularly for emergency services and public safety infrastructure. They also believe these airports have the potential to support advanced air mobility and emerging aviation technologies. However, there are concerns that funding for traditional aviation infrastructure may be overlooked in favor of sustainable aviation projects. The future of funding for both emerging technologies and traditional aviation infrastructure will be determined in the 2024 aviation white paper. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
21. Like and Subscribe: When we're not flying, it is entertaining watching others do so. We learn from their experience and expertise.
- Author
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SOUTHWICK, PAUL
- Subjects
SYRPHIDAE ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,PRIVATE flying ,AIR bases ,FORMATION flying - Abstract
This article discusses various aviation vloggers who share their experiences and expertise in flying through videos on YouTube. The vloggers mentioned include Stefan Drury, Rich Manor, Hoover, Flying with Kay, and Blancolirio. These vloggers offer valuable knowledge and perspectives for aviation enthusiasts and pilots. The article also highlights several other popular aviation vloggers, including Hayley Herberg, Josh Flowers, Matt Guthmiller, Mike Ojo, Owen David, Valarie Talbot, and Kristoffer Patasnik and Kim Hanover. These vloggers provide diverse perspectives and insights into the world of aviation, making them valuable resources for those interested in flying. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
22. Holy City, Silenced.
- Author
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FIELDS, JASON
- Subjects
- *
ISRAELIS , *ISRAELI Jews , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *AMERICANS , *STOREFRONTS , *TORTURE , *SUICIDE bombings , *MIDDLE-aged women - Abstract
Since the Hamas attack on Israel on October 7, Jerusalem's Old City has become a ghost town. The attack has had a significant impact on the country's $6 billion tourism industry, with few commercial flights arriving in Israel and major pilgrimage and tourism sites remaining empty. The closure of businesses and the lack of tourists have devastated the livelihoods of many locals, including tour guides and merchants. The Old City, usually bustling with tourists and religious pilgrims, now feels quiet and deserted. However, new tourist destinations have emerged in the south of Israel, where people visit as an act of remembrance or to witness the aftermath of the attack. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
23. GOING COMMERCIAL?
- Author
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Harbison, Ian
- Subjects
- *
COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *HANGARS , *AIRPORT terminals , *AIRPORTS - Abstract
London Oxford Airport, owned by the Reuben Brothers, is located 45 miles from Heathrow and Birmingham International Airport, making it convenient for industrial areas in the Midlands and the Silverstone racing circuit. The airport has seen fluctuations in traffic due to factors such as a major flying school relocating and bad weather. It has ambitious development plans, including the introduction of sustainable aviation fuel and the construction of a green campus for next-generation aviation. The airport is also exploring the potential for commercial operations and is open to new technology and smaller regional aircraft types. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
24. 'ONCE IN A 'LANC' TIME': It's hard to believe that it has already been a decade since the Canadian Warplane Heritage Lancaster graced the skies of the UK. The CWH's.
- Author
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Mickeloff, Al
- Subjects
CANADIAN history ,MILITARY airplanes ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics - Abstract
This article discusses the Canadian Warplane Heritage Lancaster's trip to the UK in 2014 to commemorate the Bomber Command airmen lost during World War Two. The journey faced challenges and required fundraising efforts, but with the support of the RAF Battle of Britain Memorial Flight, it was a success. The Lancaster's arrival in England was celebrated with a ceremony attended by veterans, and it flew in formation with the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight's Lancaster during public displays. The tour of the Lancasters in the UK attracted large crowds and media attention, exceeding expectations. The Lancaster named "VeRA" is unlikely to return to the UK in the future. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
25. Is this seat taken?
- Author
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Schuurman, Richard
- Subjects
- *
AIRWORTHINESS , *AIR traffic control , *EMERGENCY communication systems , *DASSAULT Falcon (Jet transport) , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics - Abstract
Pilot unions worldwide are opposing the idea of flying large airliners with just one pilot, arguing that it is a cost-saving measure pushed by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). EASA and Airbus claim that the concept, known as extended Multi-Crew Operations (eMCO), will increase safety and efficiency. However, there is no clear timeline for implementation, and further work is needed to develop a structured plan for safely addressing extended minimum crew operations. Pilot unions express concerns about replacing the traditional two-pilot system with unproven technology, citing instances where multiple pilots were necessary to handle equipment malfunctions. This suggests that the psychological aspect of flying may be more critical than the technology itself. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
26. AIRPORT MOVEMENTS.
- Subjects
- *
BOEING 747 (Jet transport) , *AIR freight , *AIR travel , *AIRPORTS , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics chartering - Abstract
This article provides a roundup of recent aircraft movements at UK airports, including Aberdeen, Birmingham, Blackpool, Bristol, East Midlands, Prestwick, Heathrow, Jersey, Liverpool/John Lennon, London/Luton, G400, London/Southend, Manchester, and Teesside. The list includes specific aircraft registrations and types, as well as the airlines they belong to. The text also mentions aircraft undergoing maintenance or being painted, and Aurigny leasing Dash 8-400 aircraft to address capacity issues. This information is presented in a factual and concise manner, providing library patrons with an overview of recent airport activities in the UK. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
27. The Falklands' Islanders.
- Author
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Wright, Kevin
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *EMERGENCY vehicles , *INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) , *SIMULIIDAE - Abstract
The Falkland Islands Government Air Service (FIGAS) operates five Britten-Norman BN-2B Islanders, which are essential for connecting the remote communities of the Falkland Islands. FIGAS has been in operation since 1948 and initially used Auster aircraft for air ambulance services. In 1979, the first BN-2 Islander was introduced, and it has been the sole aircraft type operated by FIGAS ever since. The Islanders are known for their toughness, short field performance, and crosswind handling, making them ideal for the challenging environment of the Falkland Islands. FIGAS does not operate with regular schedules, and routes are determined based on passenger numbers and destinations. The Islanders are also used for fishery protection and emergency medical services. The island airstrips are maintained by settlement owners or managers, and each has a radio-equipped vehicle and emergency equipment. Overall, FIGAS plays a crucial role in keeping the isolated rural settlements of the Falkland Islands connected and supplied. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
28. AROUND AUSTRALIA IN 44 DAYS.
- Author
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SMITH, MICHAEL
- Subjects
- *
AUSTRALIA Day , *AIR traffic control , *AIR bases , *CITIES & towns , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics - Abstract
Aviator Michael Smith successfully completed a re-enactment of the first aerial circumnavigation of Australia in 1924. He faced challenges such as rugged cliffs and unpredictable weather, but also experienced the generosity of strangers and the beauty of the Australian coastline. Reflecting on the journey, Smith noted the advancements in technology over the past 100 years, but also recognized that much of the uninhabited coastline remains unchanged. The journey concluded with a celebration at RAAF Base Point Cook, where Smith donated a flag to the RAAF Museum. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
29. BUILDING BRIDGES.
- Author
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Anderson, Chris
- Subjects
COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,MACHINE learning ,AIRPORT expansion ,PHOTODETECTORS ,SPARE parts ,BRIDGES ,AIRPORTS ,FOOTPRINTS - Published
- 2024
30. NEW LEADERSHIP TO CHART THE COURSE.
- Author
-
KETKAR, SWAATI
- Subjects
COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,JET engines ,STAKEHOLDERS ,AEROSPACE industries ,VETERANS - Published
- 2024
31. Why Was My Student’s Practical Test Canceled? A Look at Some Common Checkride Day Errors and How to Prevent Them.
- Author
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Bain, Kenny and Brock, Regina
- Subjects
AIRWORTHINESS certificates ,FLIGHT instructors ,AIRWORTHINESS ,AIRPLANE motors ,AERONAUTICAL safety measures ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics - Abstract
This article discusses common errors that lead to the cancellation of practical tests for pilot certification. Over 50,000 tests were canceled in the past year due to issues such as applicant qualification, lack of aeronautical experience or knowledge, application errors, and aircraft airworthiness problems. Flight instructors play a crucial role in evaluating students' readiness for the test and should ensure that all requirements are met before scheduling. The article provides specific examples of errors related to flight experience, aeronautical knowledge, and endorsements. It also emphasizes the importance of aircraft airworthiness and maintenance records. The FAA is working to address the backlog of applicants and improve the scheduling process. Flight instructors can help by following the guidelines provided in the article to prevent eligibility issues and ensure the readiness of their students for the practical test. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
32. The applicability of Zermelo's equation to indirect and direct optimization of commercial aircraft flights.
- Author
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Jafarimoghaddam, Amin and Soler, Manuel
- Subjects
- *
PONTRYAGIN'S minimum principle , *TRAJECTORY optimization , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *NONLINEAR programming , *CONSTRAINED optimization - Abstract
This paper focuses on the applicability of Zermelo's equation within the context of 3D commercial aircraft trajectory optimization problems. The associated optimal control problem includes two singular controls, specifically aerodynamic path angle and throttle setting, and one regular control, specifically heading angle. Using Pontryagin's maximum principle and the direct adjoining method, we show that the optimal heading angle is defined by Zermelo's equation. The significance of the presented analysis is that Zermelo's equation holds for 3D commercial aircraft flights, even in the presence of standard state-inequality constraints and a more general objective function. With the help of Zermelo's equation, the control problem is initially analyzed for a 3D time-optimal climb-phase scenario, which is solved by an indirect approach. Through the analysis of the switching function, we demonstrate the dependency of the optimal aerodynamic path angle on the optimal heading angle. Next, by tackling a 3D time-fuel-optimal free-routing flight, solved by a direct approach, we show that Zermelo's equation can help reduce the overall dimension of the associated nonlinear programming. To successfully handle the initial guess in both indirect and direct problems, it is proposed a diminutive nonlinear programming technique as a fast and robust initializer. This simple-yet-effective initializer provides sufficient information about the optimal controls and state dynamics required for initializing a direct optimization, as well as the optimal switching times and co-states required for initializing an indirect optimization. • Demonstrating the applicability of Zermelo's equation to constrained optimization of 3D aircraft flights. • Solving 3D time-optimal problem in climb phase with Zermelo's identity using an Indirect method. • Solving 3D time-fuel-optimal free-routing problem with Zermelo's identity using a new Direct transcription method. • Brief discussion on aNLP for initialization of both Indirect and Direct methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
33. The Ecological Social Psychology of Aviation Disasters.
- Author
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Baggs, Edward and Steffensen, Sune Vork
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL psychology , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *SOCIAL perception , *DISASTERS , *FUNCTIONAL groups - Abstract
AbstractReuben Baron’s primary contribution to ecological psychology was in promoting the idea that we perceive other humans and animals in our environment in much the same way as we perceive inanimate objects, namely, by actively detecting information. Here, we explore how this insight can lead to a deeper understanding of real-world behavior. We look specifically at three case studies from the history of commercial aviation disasters. In our analysis we combine Baron’s direct social perception strategy with the theoretical principles of the distributed cognition approach to functional group activity. We suggest that these approaches are deeply compatible, and that future work is needed to ground cognitive study of team activities in the analysis of the perceptual information available to the actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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34. Aircraft Taxi Path Optimization Considering Environmental Impacts Based on a Bilevel Spatial–Temporal Optimization Model.
- Author
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Chen, Yuxiu, Quan, Liyan, and Yu, Jian
- Subjects
- *
BILEVEL programming , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *MODEL airplanes , *AIRCRAFT exhaust emissions , *AIRCRAFT fuels , *TAXI service , *TAXICABS - Abstract
Aircraft taxiing emissions are the main source of carbon dioxide and other pollutant gas emissions during airport ground operations. It is crucial to optimize aircraft taxiing from both spatial and temporal perspectives to improve airport operation efficiency and reduce aviation emissions. In this paper, a bilevel spatial and temporal optimization model of aircraft taxiing is constructed. The upper-level model optimizes the aircraft taxiing path, and the lower-level model optimizes the taxiing start time of the aircraft. By the iterative optimization of the upper- and lower-level interactions, the aviation fuel consumption, flight waiting time, and number of taxiing conflicts are reduced. To improve the calculation accuracy, the depth-first search algorithm is utilized to generate the set of available paths for aircraft during the model solution process, and a model solution method based on the genetic algorithm is constructed. Simulation experiments using Tianjin Binhai International Airport as the research object show that adopting the waiting taxiing strategy can effectively avoid taxiing conflicts and reduce aviation fuel consumption by 753.18 kg and 188.84 kg compared to the available path sets generated using Dijkstra's algorithm and those created manually based on experience, respectively. Conversely, adopting an immediate taxi-out strategy caused 54 taxiing conflicts and increased aviation fuel consumption by 49.44 kg. These results can provide safe and environmentally friendly taxiing strategies for the sustainable development of the air transportation industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Smokey Bear and Fire Suppression.
- Author
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Caro, Susanne
- Subjects
- *
FOREST fire prevention & control , *FIRE prevention education , *PUBLIC service advertising , *FORESTS & forestry , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics - Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the history and impact of Smokey Bear, the iconic mascot for wildfire prevention in the United States. It explores the partnership between the National Ad Council and the National Forest Service in promoting fire prevention and discusses the establishment of the U.S. Forest Service and its efforts in fire prevention and suppression. The article also highlights the various methods used to fight fires, including the involvement of the Triple Nickles, an African American unit of paratroopers. It concludes by discussing the success of Smokey Bear's fire prevention campaign and the reduction in the number of fires in national parks and forests. The article acknowledges the debate surrounding Smokey's campaign but emphasizes the importance of preventing unintentional fires caused by humans. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
36. STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF A MULTI-COMPONENT AND MULTI-PHASE QUEUING SYSTEM UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN AIR TRANSPORTATION.
- Author
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ZAPOROZHETS, O., KATSMAN, M., MATSIUK, V., and MYRONENKO, V.
- Subjects
- *
DISRUPTIVE innovations , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *QUEUING theory - Abstract
The article considers multi-component and multi-stage mathematical models of queuing systems (QS) with the distribution of the incoming flow simultaneously between the system components, which consist of a certain number of service channels and waiting places in the queue. The maintenance of requirements with a lack of time to stay in the service channel and waiting is considered, while the service process in the QS of each component consists of several stages with the corresponding duration, and the full-service period is equal to the sum of such time intervals. The number of components and their parameters correspond to the similar characteristics of the production divisions of the repair enterprise. The study of the effectiveness of the operation of the repair enterprise as a multi-component and multi-stage QS consists in determining the values of the initial parameters of the QS components, taking into account the restrictions imposed on them, in order to obtain the largest values of the probabilities of servicing the requirements of the QS components and the system as a whole. The model is implemented using Any Logic University Researcher, which allows you to combine the principles of system dynamics with the paradigms of agent and discrete-event modelling. The proposed approach to the modelling of maintenance and repair processes by production divisions of the enterprise as a multi-component and multi-phase QS allows to determine the effectiveness of the functioning of such a QS and to obtain arguments for increasing the efficiency of its operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
37. Navigating Uncharted Air? Ambiguity, Legal Challenges, and Unresolved Questions in DOHSA's Commercial Aviation Exception and In re Lion Air Flight JT 610 Crash.
- Author
-
Derbonne, Laura
- Subjects
- *
COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *JURY trials , *PLAINTIFFS , *DEFENDANTS - Published
- 2024
38. Quality Experience: Co-Creation and Excellent Service Juragan 99 Trans Bus Land Transportation Services With Currency Moderation.
- Author
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Munawaroh, Syarifah, Bintarti, Surya, Rachman, Taufiq, Heruwanto, Joni, and Maskuri, Muh. Ali
- Subjects
TRANSPORTATION ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,JUDGMENT sampling ,REGRESSION analysis ,MONEY - Abstract
Transportation can never be separated from one's daily life, such as going to school, office, market or other distant places. Transportation is divided into three namely, land, sea and air transportation. In Indonesia, land transportation is more widely used than air and sea transportation. Land transportation such as buses, private cars and trains. Bus is a means of land transportation that is ranked third most often used. This study aims to test product variations (co-creation) and service quality (service excellent) against the quality of experience (quality experience) with price (currency) as moderation. The number of respondents in this study was 108 respondents who had used Juragan 99 Trans Bus transportation services in the Bekasi Regency area. This population collection is non-probality sampling and the respondent retrieval technique is purposive sampling. This research was processed using regression techniques, where the processing used SmartPLS 3 software. This research proves 1) The variety of products (co-creation) offered by the Juragan 99 Trans Bus has an effect on the high quality of experience. 2) The quality of service (service excellent) offered by the Juragan 99 Trans Bus influences the high quality of experience (quality experience). 3) Product variations (co-creation) which are moderated by price (currency) influence the high quality of experience. 4) Quality of service (service excellent) which is moderated by price (currency) influences the high quality of experience (quality experience). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Territorial Cohesion through Interisland Transport: An In-Depth Analysis of the Azores Autonomous Region.
- Author
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Castanho, Rui Alexandre, Luis, José Ángel Hernández, Pimentel, Pedro, and Couto, Gualter
- Subjects
AIR travel ,COHESION ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,CAPITALIZATION rate ,MUNICIPAL services ,TOURISM websites ,AUTOMOBILE seats - Abstract
This study investigates inter-island accessibility in the Azores Islands (Portugal), a region marked by unique territorial fragmentation and significant distances between islands. Recognizing the pivotal role of sea and air transport in fostering the socioeconomic development of the archipelago by enhancing resident mobility and attracting tourism, we address the challenges posed by the region's low demographic and economic influence and the pronounced imbalances among islands. The methodological approach involves the examination of various accessibility parameters, with a specific focus on hourly operations identified as presenting the most unfavorable ratios of time availability in the destinations. We analyze inter-island sea and air schedules during the winter season, emphasizing their relevance for residents engaged in travel for business, health, administration, and related purposes. We have mainly analyzed the air schedules since it was possible to make the round trip on the same day on only two maritime routes, although these have also been considered. Regarding the study outcomes, they reveal that despite positive efforts to implement air public service obligations (PSO), which mandate specific frequencies, seat allocations, and rate caps, among other examples, the limited attention given to adapting operating hours based on demand undermines the effectiveness of these measures. Contextually, this lack of adjustment results in substantial inconvenience for travelers, particularly those engaged in round-trip operations on the same day, a common scenario in inter-island mobility. In more than 70% of the operational routes, suitable travel times at the destination are significantly compromised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The Influence of Work Discipline, Workload and Work Environment on the Performance of Air Traffic Controller Employees in the Area Control Center Unit at Airnav Indonesia Jakarta Air Traffic Services Center Branch.
- Author
-
Ariyo Wibowo, Himawan, Hadiwijaya, Dudung, and Susilo, Priyo
- Subjects
AIR traffic controllers ,WORK environment ,AIR traffic ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,JOB performance - Abstract
The aim of this research is to determine the magnitude of the influence of Work Discipline, Workload and Work Environment, both partially and simultaneously, on the performance of air traffic controller employees. The method used is associative with a quantitative approach. The number of samples used was 132 respondent, with a simple random sampling technique. Data was taken using a survey method. Data analysis was carried out to test the significance of the hypothesis, coefficient of determination using SPSS V.25 software. The research results show that work discipline, and work environment have a positive and significant effect, both partially. Workload has a negative and significant effect on the performance of air traffic controller employees. As simultaneously, Work discipline, workload and work environment have a positive and significant influence employee work performance in the Area Control Center Unit at Airnav Indonesia Jakarta Air Traffic Services Center Branch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Wind Shear Response of Aircraft with C* and C*U Controller during Approach.
- Author
-
Yan, Yufei and Song, Lei
- Subjects
WIND shear ,MODEL airplanes ,AIRCRAFT accidents ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,AERONAUTICAL safety measures ,TROPICAL cyclones - Abstract
This study investigates the impact of wind shear on the flight dynamics of commercial aircraft where C* and C*U control laws are employed during the approach phase. Given the high incidence of flight accidents during takeoff and landing attributed to wind shear, this research aims to enhance aviation safety by analyzing control law behavior under varying wind shear conditions. A nonlinear flight simulation model was developed, utilizing aerodynamic and engine data from a B737, to explore the aircraft's response to different wind shear intensities. The simulation analysis was used to compare the response of the aircraft with C* and C*U controllers, respectively, under different wind shear, and to evaluate the effectiveness of its stability enhancement in wind shear. It was found that in most cases, the controller can achieve a good stabilization effect, but in some cases of wind fields, the aircraft suffered more significant oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Towards Environmentally Sustainable Aviation: A Review on Operational Optimization.
- Author
-
Calvet, Laura
- Subjects
COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,AIR traffic control ,AEROSPACE industries ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
In recent years, the rapid growth of air traffic has intensified pressure on the air transport system, leading to congestion problems in airports and airspace. The projected increase in demand exacerbates these issues, necessitating immediate attention. Additionally, there is a growing concern regarding the environmental impact of the aviation sector. To tackle these challenges, the adoption of advanced methods and technologies shows promise in expanding current airspace capacity and improving its management. This paper presents an overview of sustainable aviation, drawing on publications from academia and industry. The emphasis is on optimizing both flight and ground operations. Specifically, the review delves into recent advancements in airline operations, airport operations, flight operations, and disruption management, analyzing their respective research objectives, problem formulations, methodologies, and computational experiments. Furthermore, the review identifies emerging trends, prevailing obstacles, and potential directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Impact of Various Cockpit Display Interfaces on Novice Pilots' Mental Workload and Situational Awareness: A Comparative Study.
- Author
-
Tang, Huimin, Lee, Boon Giin, Towey, Dave, and Pike, Matthew
- Subjects
- *
SITUATIONAL awareness , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *COMPARATIVE studies , *FREIGHT & freightage - Abstract
Future airspace is expected to become more congested with additional in-service cargo and commercial flights. Pilots will face additional burdens in such an environment, given the increasing number of factors that they must simultaneously consider while completing their work activities. Therefore, care and attention must be paid to the mental workload (MWL) experienced by operating pilots. If left unaddressed, a state of mental overload could affect the pilot's ability to complete his or her work activities in a safe and correct manner. This study examines the impact of two different cockpit display interfaces (CDIs), the Steam Gauge panel and the G1000 Glass panel, on novice pilots' MWL and situational awareness (SA) in a flight simulator-based setting. A combination of objective (EEG and HRV) and subjective (NASA-TLX) assessments is used to assess novice pilots' cognitive states during this study. Our results indicate that the gauge design of the CDI affects novice pilots' SA and MWL, with the G1000 Glass panel being more effective in reducing the MWL and improving SA compared with the Steam Gauge panel. The results of this study have implications for the design of future flight deck interfaces and the training of future pilots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Global anthropogenic emissions (CAMS-GLOB-ANT) for the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service simulations of air quality forecasts and reanalyses.
- Author
-
Soulie, Antonin, Granier, Claire, Darras, Sabine, Zilbermann, Nicolas, Doumbia, Thierno, Guevara, Marc, Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Keita, Sekou, Liousse, Cathy, Crippa, Monica, Guizzardi, Diego, Hoesly, Rachel, and Smith, Steven J.
- Subjects
- *
EMISSION inventories , *AIR quality , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *AGRICULTURAL wastes , *WASTE treatment , *AIR pollutants - Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions are the result of many different economic sectors, including transportation, power generation, industrial, residential and commercial activities, waste treatment and agricultural practices. Air quality models are used to forecast the atmospheric composition, analyze observations and reconstruct the chemical composition of the atmosphere during the previous decades. In order to drive these models, gridded emissions of all compounds need to be provided. This paper describes a new global inventory of emissions called CAMS-GLOB-ANT, developed as part of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS; 10.24380/eets-qd81, Soulie et al., 2023). The inventory provides monthly averages of the global emissions of 36 compounds, including the main air pollutants and greenhouse gases, at a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° in latitude and longitude, for 17 emission sectors. The methodology to generate the emissions for the 2000–2023 period is explained, and the datasets are analyzed and compared with publicly available global and regional inventories for selected world regions. Depending on the species and regions, good agreements as well as significant differences are highlighted, which can be further explained through an analysis of different sectors as shown in the figures in the Supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Lightworks, a scientific research framework for the design of stiffened composite-panel structures using gradient-based optimization.
- Author
-
Dähne, Sascha, Werthen, Edgar, Zerbst, David, Tönjes, Lennart, Traub, Hendrik, and Hühne, Christian
- Subjects
- *
COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *MODULAR design , *STRUCTURAL optimization , *THIN-walled structures , *STIFFNERS , *FIBROUS composites - Abstract
Efficient structural optimization remains integral in advancing lightweight structures, particularly concerning the mitigation of environmental impact in air transportation systems. Varying levels of detail prove useful for different applications and design phases. The lightworks framework presents a modular approach, for the consideration of individual design parameterizations and structural solvers for the numerical optimization of thin-walled structures. The framework provides the combination of lightweight fibre composite design and the incorporation of stiffeners for a gradient-based optimization process. Therefore, an analytical stiffener formulation is implemented in combination with different continuous composite material parameterizations. This approach allows the analysis of local buckling modes, as well as the consideration of load redistribution between stringer and skin. The flexibility achieved in this way allows a tailored configuration of the optimization problem to the required level of complexity. A verification of the framework's implementation is carried out using established literature results of a simplified unstiffened wing box structure, where a very good agreement is shown. The accessibility of solvers with different fidelity through a generic solver interface is demonstrated. Furthermore, the usage of the implemented continuous composite parameterizations as design variables is compared in terms of computational performance and mass, providing different advantages and disadvantages. Finally, introducing stringer into the wing box use case demonstrates a 38% mass reduction, showcasing the potential of the inline optimization of stiffeners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Robust Airport Surface Object Detection Based on Graph Neural Network.
- Author
-
Tang, Wenyi and Li, Hongjue
- Subjects
GRAPH neural networks ,OBJECT recognition (Computer vision) ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,AIRPORTS ,REMOTE sensing - Abstract
Accurate and robust object detection is of critical importance in airport surface surveillance to ensure the security of air transportation systems. Owing to the constraints imposed by a relatively fixed receptive field, existing airport surface detection methods have not yet achieved substantial advancements in accuracy. Furthermore, these methods are vulnerable to adversarial attacks with carefully crafted adversarial inputs. To address these challenges, we propose the Vision GNN-Edge (ViGE) block, an enhanced block derived from the Vision GNN (ViG). ViGE introduces the receptive field in pixel space and represents the spatial relation between pixels directly. Moreover, we implement an adversarial training strategy with augmented training samples generated by adversarial perturbation. Empirical evaluations on the public remote sensing dataset LEVIR and a manually collected airport surface dataset show that: 1. our proposed method surpasses the original model in precision and robustness; 2. defining the receptive field in pixel space performs better than that on representation space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Approaches to Medical Emergencies on Commercial Flights.
- Author
-
Battineni, Gopi, Arcese, Antonio, Chintalapudi, Nalini, Di Canio, Marzio, Sibilio, Fabio, and Amenta, Francesco
- Subjects
COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,MEDICAL emergencies ,PHYSICIANS ,MEDICAL personnel ,AVIATION medicine - Abstract
In-flight medical incidents are becoming increasingly critical as passengers with diverse health profiles increase in the skies. In this paper, we reviewed how airlines, aviation authorities, and healthcare professionals respond to such emergencies. The analysis was focused on the strategies developed by the top ten airlines in the world by examining training in basic first aid, collaboration with ground-based medical support, and use of onboard medical equipment. Appropriate training of crew members, availability of adequate medical resources on board airplanes, and improved capabilities of dialogue between a flying plane and medical doctors on the ground will contribute to a positive outcome of the majority of medical issues on board airlines. In this respect, the adoption of advanced telemedicine solutions and the improvement of real-time teleconsultations between aircraft and ground-based professionals can represent the future of aviation medicine, offering more safety and peace of mind to passengers in case of medical problems during a flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. SLKIR: A framework for extracting key information from air traffic control instructions Using small sample learning.
- Author
-
Jiang, Peiyuan, Zeng, Chen, Pan, Weijun, Han, Boyuan, and Zhang, Jian
- Subjects
- *
BOOSTING algorithms , *AIR traffic control , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics , *EVIDENCE gaps , *DEEP learning , *SOURCE code , *FLIGHT training - Abstract
In air traffic control (ATC), Key Information Recognition (KIR) of ATC instructions plays a pivotal role in automation. The field's specialized nature has led to a scarcity of related research and a gap with the industry's cutting-edge developments. Addressing this, an innovative end-to-end deep learning framework, Small Sample Learning for Key Information Recognition (SLKIR), is introduced for enhancing KIR in ATC instructions. SLKIR incorporates a novel Multi-Head Local Lexical Association Attention (MHLA) mechanism, specifically designed to enhance accuracy in identifying boundary words of key information by capturing their latent representations. Furthermore, the framework includes a task focused on prompt, aiming to bolster the semantic comprehension of ATC instructions within the core network. To overcome the challenges posed by category imbalance in boundary word and prompt discrimination tasks, tailored loss function optimization strategies are implemented, effectively expediting the learning process and boosting recognition accuracy. The framework's efficacy and adaptability are demonstrated through experiments on two distinct ATC instruction datasets. Notably, SLKIR outperforms the leading baseline model, W2NER, achieving a 3.65% increase in F1 score on the commercial flight dataset and a 12.8% increase on the training flight dataset. This study is the first of its kind to apply small-sample learning in KIR for ATC and the source code of SLKIR will be available at: https://github.com/PANPANKK/ATC_KIR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Modeling the Propagation of Infectious Diseases across the Air Transport Network: A Bayesian Approach.
- Author
-
Quirós Corte, Pablo, Cano, Javier, Sánchez Ayra, Eduardo, Joshi, Chaitanya, and Gómez Comendador, Víctor Fernando
- Subjects
- *
AIR travel , *DISCRETE event simulation , *BAYESIAN analysis , *COMMUNICABLE diseases , *COVID-19 , *COMMERCIAL aeronautics - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, continues to impact the world even three years after its outbreak. International border closures and health alerts severely affected the air transport industry, resulting in substantial financial losses. This study analyzes the global data on infected individuals alongside aircraft types, flight durations, and passenger flows. Using a Bayesian framework, we forecast the risk of infection during commercial flights and its potential spread across an air transport network. Our model allows us to explore the effect of mitigation measures, such as closing individual routes or airports, reducing aircraft occupancy, or restricting access for infected passengers, on disease propagation, while allowing the air industry to operate at near-normal levels. Our novel approach combines dynamic network modeling with discrete event simulation. A real-case study at major European hubs illustrates our methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Distribution and morphology of non-persistent contrail and persistent contrail formation areas in ERA5.
- Author
-
Wolf, Kevin, Bellouin, Nicolas, and Boucher, Olivier
- Subjects
CONDENSATION trails ,COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,JET streams ,WIND speed ,CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
The contrail formation potential as well as its temporal and spatial distribution is estimated using meteorological conditions of temperature and relative humidity from the ERA5 re-analysis provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Contrail formation is estimated with the Schmidt–Appleman criterion (SAc), solely considering thermodynamic effects. The focus is on a region ranging from the Eastern United States (110–65° W) to central Europe (5° W–30° E). Around 18 000 flight trajectories from the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) are used as a representative subset of transatlantic, commercial flights. The typical crossing distance through a contrail-prone area is determined based on IAGOS measurements of temperature T and relative humidity r and then based on co-located ERA5 simulations of the same quantities. Differences in spatial resolution between IAGOS and ERA5 are addressed from an aircraft-centered perspective, using 1 km segments, and a model-centered perspective, using 19 km flight sections. Using the aircraft-centered approach, 50 % of the crossings of persistent contrail (PC) regions based on IAGOS are shorter than 9 km, while in ERA5 the median is 155 km. Time-averaged IAGOS data lead to a median crossing length of 66 km. The difference between the two data sets is attributed to the higher variability of r in IAGOS compared to ERA5. The model-centered approach yields similar results, but typical crossing lengths are larger by only up to 10 %. Binary masks of PC formation are created by applying the SAc on the two-dimensional fields of T and r from ERA5. In a second step the morphology of PC regions is also assessed. Half of the PC regions in ERA5 are found to be smaller than ≈ 35 000 km2 (at 200 hPa), and the median of the maximum dimension is shorter than 760 km (at 200 hPa). Furthermore, PC regions tend to be of near-circular shape with a tendency to a slight oval shape and a preferred alignment along the dominant westerly flow. Seasonal, vertical distributions of PC formation potential P are characterized by a maximum between 250 and 200 hPa. P is subject to seasonal variations with a maximum in magnitude and extension during the winter months and a minimum during summer. The horizontal distribution of PC regions suggests that PC regions are likely to appear in the same location on adjacent pressure levels. Climatologies of T , r , wind speed U , and resulting PC formation potential are calculated to identify the constraining effects of T and r on P. PC formation is primarily limited by conditions that are too warm below and conditions that are too dry above the formation region. The distribution of PCs is slanted towards lower altitudes from 30 to 70° N, following lines of constant T and r. For an observed co-location of high U and P , it remains unclear whether PC formation and the jet stream are favored by the same meteorological conditions or if the jet stream itself favors PC occurrence. This analysis suggests that some PC regions will be difficult to avoid by rerouting aircraft because of their large vertical and horizontal extents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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