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Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the short- and long-run influence of core banking solutions (CBSs) on productive efficiency and identify the presence of potential network externalities arising from CBS adoption. This paper further examines the differential behaviour of long-term effects across the banking structure. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a panel data set of Indian commercial banks from 2005 to 2021. Economic efficiency is quantified using VRS-based DEA programming algorithms. Productivity changes are measured through an input-oriented, DEA-based Malmquist productivity index. Short- and long-run effects are examined through a finite autoregressive distributed lag model, estimated through a pooled mean-group estimator. Findings: Findings suggest that CBS adoption negatively correlates with cost structure until the first year of adoption. Nevertheless, significant benefits are visible from the third year. Furthermore, such associations are highly susceptible to the industry structure. CBS results in higher incremental benefits for private banks vis-à-vis state-owned banks. Large banks receive significant and quicker productivity improvements from CBS vis-à-vis small banks. Bank age guides CBS–performance associations, highlighting that mature banks may face the issue of legacy infrastructure in CBS adoption. The resultant networking externalities are significant as they enhance the attractiveness of the network, which subsequently augments inter-branch and inter-bank communications. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to recognise the stickiness of one of the most homogeneously adopted technological innovations in the Indian banking sector. The presence of a conjoint technological network has the potential to enhance the service delivery process and ensure superior returns for Indian banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firms employing former or incumbent members of management and supervisory boards of commercial banks exhibit higher acquisitiveness. The presence of bank-associated officers increases firms' proclivity to engage in serial, cross-industry, and cross-border acquisitions. Firms employing bank-associated officers buy targets with lower complementarity. They are also significantly more likely to settle transactions in cash, especially their first acquisition. While all firms experience acquisition-related increases in leverage, the latter is higher in firms employing bank-associated officers, particularly those associated with state-owned banks. Acquisitions completed by banker-employing firms record lower short-term shareholder returns than the remainder of the research sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-dimensional profit analysis (MPA) in management accounting allows banks to analyze their profit from different perspectives, the results of which provide useful information for banks to make decisions (KPMG, 2019). A comprehensive and multi-dimensional view of profits based on products, distribution channels, customers, geography, and bank staff through effective cost allocation models is increasingly important in the world. However, the intention to apply MPA applications depends on various factors, which have not been discussed well in the Vietnamese banking context. The aims of this study include finding out the factors that influence the intention to apply MPA in Vietnamese commercial banks and proposing recommendations to encourage Vietnamese commercial banks to implement. This study combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods, based on interviews of 300 managers of commercial banks to investigate the statistical significance of the determinants affecting intention to apply MPA. The results reveal some most influencing factors, ranging from the human factor to the perception of the leadership of the bank, as well as the guiding factor of the regulator. From the findings, several suggestions are proposed for the intention to apply MPA in the context of Vietnamese commercial banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutual banking institutions engage in a diverse array of banking activities aim to achieve economic and social development. These institutions are predicated on a cooperative principle, which fundamentally differentiates them from their commercial banking counterparts. Such a cooperative ethos closely aligns mutual banks with Islamic financial institutions. Nonetheless, their failure to incorporate Sharia as the foundational basis for their transactions, coupled with the absence of Sharia supervisory board compliance, categorically excludes them from the Islamic financial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to use modern methods in internal and external auditing and its implications for combating money laundering and conducting a theoretical study and a field study. The study included a quantitative analysis of the data of commercial banks in the capital of the study country Baghdad, which included (7) Commercial banks. The research sample included a group of (250) individuals working in these banks. The data were processed using statistical methods using the program (SPSS). The results of the statistical evaluation of the data collected using a specially prepared survey tool showed that there is an effect and a correlation between the dimensions of criminal accounting (internal audit, External audit Reasons for money laundering, the perfect effect, Consulting intellectual, considerations individuality) and the variable dependent money laundering, and the availability of a set of characteristics, knowledge, and skills that help the accountant or checker combat or contain money laundering operations. There are several methods and procedures used by it checkers to combat or have money laundering operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both interest and noninterest earnings form the two critical components of the income stream of commercial banks. While interest earnings are tied to the lending volume and prevailing interest rates primarily dictated by the monetary policy and central bank interventions, noninterest earnings can come from diversified sources like income from fiduciary activities, trading revenue, service charges on deposit accounts, fee income, etc. Noninterest earnings can be unrelated to lending volume and prevailing interest rates and possibly uncorrelated with the monetary policies. Noninterest earnings may be a more robust source of income, especially during the low-interest rate regimes. Managing the noninterest to interest earnings is a critical component of income smoothing used by the banks. Noninterest earnings have become a significant component of banks' overall earnings in the last four decades, and the ratio of noninterest to interest earnings has also grown significantly, raising questions about the primary role of the banking sector in financial intermediation as defined by the collection and disbursement of loanable funds throughout the economy. The rise in noninterest earnings also raises questions about the potential conflict of interest especially if banks earn significant consulting income from the same entities that borrow heavily from the banks. In this paper, I look at the time series dynamics of the ratio of noninterest-to-interest earnings spanning nearly four decades from 1984:Q1 to 2023:Q3 for the USA's FDIC-insured commercial banking sector. Although the ratio has fluctuated over the period and risen from the baseline, it does not exhibit any non-stationarity. The presence of unit root cannot be found during the time period studied. In other words, the ratio of noninterest-to-interest earnings in the US commercial banking sector does not show any explosive and unstainable growth. In a nutshell, the rise in the ratio seems to be an outcome of the broader income diversification strategy used by the banks and not necessarily a dramatic change in the business model of US commercial banking industry.

The massive rise in US stockholding during the early twentieth century resulted in the deepening of securities markets, the spread of investment banks, and the expansion of publicly held corporations. This paper makes use of a unique panel database of South Dakota bank stockholders from 1910 to 1934 to study bank stockholder growth as well as its effect on bank composition and risk. Overall, the average number of stockholders in a bank rose from 8 to 21 over the period with much of the rise occurring after 1924, but many banks remained highly concentrated. The new stockholders are associated with a subsequent increase in a bank's proportion of loans-to-assets, but no direct effect on bank closure outside of this balance sheet effect. The data thus illustrate the start of a movement towards more diffuse bank stockholding and its potential consequences for the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both interest and noninterest earnings form the two critical components of the income stream of commercial banks. While interest earnings are tied to the lending volume and prevailing interest rates primarily dictated by the monetary policy and central bank interventions, noninterest earnings can come from diversified sources like income from fiduciary activities, trading revenue, service charges on deposit accounts, fee income, etc. Noninterest earnings can be unrelated to lending volume and prevailing interest rates and possibly uncorrelated with the monetary policies. Noninterest earnings may be a more robust source of income, especially during the low-interest rate regimes. Managing the noninterest to interest earnings is a critical component of income smoothing used by the banks. Noninterest earnings have become a significant component of banks' overall earnings in the last four decades, and the ratio of noninterest to interest earnings has also grown significantly, raising questions about the primary role of the banking sector in financial intermediation as defined by the collection and disbursement of loanable funds throughout the economy. The rise in noninterest earnings also raises questions about the potential conflict of interest especially if banks earn significant consulting income from the same entities that borrow heavily from the banks. In this paper, I look at the time series dynamics of the ratio of noninterest-to-interest earnings spanning nearly four decades from 1984:Q1 to 2023:Q3 for the USA's FDICinsured commercial banking sector. Although the ratio has fluctuated over the period and risen from the baseline, it does not exhibit any non-stationarity. The presence of unit root cannot be found during the time period studied. In other words, the ratio of noninterest-to-interest earnings in the US commercial banking sector does not show any explosive and unstainable growth. In a nutshell, the rise in the ratio seems to be an outcome of the broader income diversification strategy used by the banks and not necessarily a dramatic change in the business model of US commercial banking industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquidity management has an important place in the asset and liability management of banks. The aim of this study is to empirically investigate the intra-bank and macroeconomic factors that affect liquidity in 20 Turkish commercial banks. Financial data of commercial banks operating in the 2002- 2022 period and macroeconomic data for the same period are taken into account. In the panel data analysis where liquidity ratios liquid asset ratio (LAR), acid-test ratio (ATR) and current ratio (CR) were taken as dependent variables, a negative relationship between liquidity ratios and deposits to liabilities ratio (DR), financial asset ratio (FAR), fixed asset ratio (FIXR), economic growth rate (gross domestic products - GDP), central bank interest rate (INT), loans to assets ratio (LR), net interest margin (NIM), non-performing loans ratio (NPL); a positive correlation with liquidity ratios and equity ratio (equities to assets ratio, CAP), inflation rate (INF), natural logarithm of asset size (TA), foreign exchange rate (XR) was found. In the study, no statistically significant relationship was found between foreign exchange liquidity ratio (FXLR) and liquidity ratios. Despite its profitabilityreducing effect, banks need to manage their liquidity sensitively and effectively in order to maintain the trust of customers and market, especially during crisis periods.

This study constitutes an initial attempt to examine bank risks and profitability effects on commercial bank lending-shadow banking nexus in emerging economies (EMEs). One-step and two-step system GMM results suggest that commercial banks' credit risk, capital risk and profitability have a key role in the bank lending-shadow banking nexus. Findings also reveal that shadow banking can act as both substitutes and complements to traditional banking. Moreover, high institutional demand and lower restrictions on bank activities are found to be among the main drivers of shadow banking expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to provide empirical evidence for a one-way relationship between corporate environmental responsibility (CER) and financial performance (FP) in the banking industry, with special consideration into the moderating role of legal regulations and ownership structures. Net interest margin (NIM), return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) are selected to measure FP while the content analysis method is adopted to examine CER. The study used regression analysis with the two-step system generalised method of moments (Sys-GMM) on a sample of 29 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2012 to 2019, and the positive impacts of CER on banks’ FP were identified. Analysis of these data revealed that listed banks have a higher level of information disclosure than unlisted banks, but the positive relationship between CER and FP is weaker in listed banks. Similarly, while state-owned banks have a higher degree of disclosure than privately-controlled banks, the relationship between their CER and FP is weaker. The paper also provides some recommendations and suggests future research implications.

Liquidity management has an important place in the asset and liability management of banks. The aim of this study is to empirically investigate the intra-bank and macroeconomic factors that affect liquidity in 20 Turkish commercial banks. Financial data of commercial banks operating in the 2002-2022 period and macroeconomic data for the same period are taken into account. In the panel data analysis where liquidity ratios liquid asset ratio (LAR), acid-test ratio (ATR) and current ratio (CR) were taken as dependent variables, a negative relationship between liquidity ratios and deposits to liabilities ratio (DR), financial asset ratio (FAR), fixed asset ratio (FIXR), economic growth rate (gross domestic products - GDP), central bank interest rate (INT), loans to assets ratio (LR), net interest margin (NIM), non-performing loans ratio (NPL); a positive correlation with liquidity ratios and equity ratio (equities to assets ratio, CAP), inflation rate (INF), natural logarithm of asset size (TA), foreign exchange rate (XR) was found. In the study, no statistically significant relationship was found between foreign exchange liquidity ratio (FXLR) and liquidity ratios. Despite its profitabilityreducing effect, banks need to manage their liquidity sensitively and effectively in order to maintain the trust of customers and market, especially during crisis periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Realidad Economica is the property of Realidad Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study shows that monetary incentives together with performance disclosures lead to significant increases in effort and productivity in the multi-branch banking industry. Our results are based on an incentivized credit card campaign run by a commercial bank in which employees were paid a piece-rate if they sold a credit card to a customer. Later in the campaign, the head office started to provide daily performance reports for all branches of the bank. The campaign ultimately resulted in a significant 12.5% increase in the average daily productivity of branch staff and productivity changes found were heterogeneous across different branches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Section One: - Introduction 1. 1 Preface Banks are vital to any healthy economy due to their crucial role in society. Nowadays, they provide a wide range of services and products. Their principal function is to transfer surpluses into deficit units by taking deposits from the community and giving them back to the community through lending (Paddy, 2012) as providers of financial resources and information to the economy. They even play a more critical function in developing economies. Borrowers, "individuals and businesses," have no easy access to capital markets. Therefore, well-functioning commercial banks accelerate economic growth, while poorly functioning ones hinder economic development and thus increase poverty (Muye and Muye, 2017).Lending is one of the principal types of banking activity, which is essential for meeting the ever-growing consumer needs and taking part in the production and socio-economic development of the country. Various forms and types of banking credits demonstrate that lending is the core of banking as a source of profit, while there is a constant demand from individuals and business entities (Yanenkova et al., 2021).On the other hand, these banks face different risks that need intervention with various protection ways to decrease these risks. Risk management (RM) is the procedure for identifying, monitoring, and measuring risk (Spucháková & Adamko 2015). One of these risks is CR, which these banks face due to lending and credit processes. CR is associated with the businesses of financial institutions as the financial position of a borrower deteriorates (Afriyie et al., 2018). Banks have developed credit scoring models to improve evaluating creditworthiness process during the credit evaluation process to reduce CR and promote lending quality (Paddy, 2012). 1.2 The Importance of the research: - Could be summarized as the following: - Managing CR allows commercial banks to understand the behavior of their customers to pre-assess their degree of the risk - The research reveals how important CRM is in financial institutions and how they cannot possibly be stable, achieve their future objectives and survive. - CRM improves the performance of commercial banks and secures a competitive advantage. - Advanced CRM prevents such banks from losses and the possibility of bankruptcy. 1.3 Objectives of the research: - They are explained as follows: - - To clarify CRM in selected banks. - The research aims to demonstrate the impacts of various CR policies implemented by such banks in Erbil city. - To determine whether the policies implemented as precautions contributed to risk reduction. - To assess the Central Bank's and monitory authorities' roles in controlling banking CR. - To evaluate the role of these banks' management in CRM. - To evaluate the CRM technology and software used by these banks. - To explain whether or not any other related factors affect CR. - To help researchers and bank decision-makers design and develop a proper, robust, and advanced CRM policy. - To add additional research in this field for interested people and to know more about CRM. 1.4 Research Problem: - According to the financial and banking literature, credit risks are the real threat to commercial banks' safety, stability, and survival. As a result, CR issues and the need for research and studies to offer specific ways and tools to mitigate their effects are needed. On the other hand, mismanagement of risks, particularly credit risks, and an improper study of risks scientifically and realistically have disastrous consequences on commercial banks' safety, stability, and survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on commercial banking risk management practice. The study used a qualitative study design based on three different approaches: use of primary sources such as journal articles, focus groups and observations on digital trends. The impact of COVID-19 on risk management in commercial banks manifested in many areas such as deteriorating credit quality, increased cash outflows and reliance on digital systems. This study offers practical solutions for mitigating risk in various areas for the banking industry through survey evidence recommendations for practitioners. Although other studies identify the major risks, this study focuses on how to deal with each of these risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Reserve Bank of India, which is the Central Bank of India is keenly trying to adopt and implement the International Financial Reporting System (IFRS) in India fully in the commercial banking sector. Though it has issued directions to the banking sector for the preparedness of the ground for implementation, it is awaiting the Parliament of India to pass amendments to the Banking Regulation Act, 1947 after which the full adoption of IFRS is likely at any time. In the meantime, it is incumbent on the commercial banking system to prepare the ground and different aspects of the implications of such full adoption need to be scientifically perused and findings reported for the purpose of appropriate action at the banking sector. India has a large banking sector and the banking units are spread out in the length and breadth of the country which is of the size of a subcontinent. Among the various stakeholders of the commercial banks, the bank depositors are a very significant and critical chunk and therefore, their perceptions matter very much in carrying out any actions on the sector. In the case of the adoption and implementation of IFRS also, the perceptions of the Depositors is a major issue. Therefore, with a view to understanding the ground level preparedness of the commercial banking sector of India, a case study was conducted in Dumka District of Jharkhand State of India. The findings of the data analysis on the Depositors of the Commercial Banking Sector from Dumka are scientifically analysed and presented in this paper. Demographic profile of the depositor respondents run with a correlation of the parameters shows that the educational qualification is negatively correlated thereby signifying that higher the age, lower is the educational qualification. This is easy to comprehend because the more aged, people had lower educational qualifications and the new recruits and younger employees have acquired higher qualifications. Age and designation are positively co-related thereby meaning that as the employees advance in age, their designations improve due to promotions and filling up of higher positions. In overall assessment, the depositors perception is favorable to the adoption and implementation of IFRS in the banking sector. Nevertheless, much more has to be done at the ground level for the required preparedness of the commercial banking sector in India for the full and complete adoption and implementation of the IFRS in the banking sector in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to provide empirical evidence for a one-way relationship between corporate environmental responsibility (CER) and financial performance (FP) in the banking industry, with special consideration into the moderating role of legal regulations and ownership structures. Net interest margin (NIM), return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) are selected to measure FP while the content analysis method is adopted to examine CER. The study used regression analysis with the two-step system generalised method of moments (Sys-GMM) on a sample of 29 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2012 to 2019, and the positive impacts of CER on banks' FP were identified. Analysis of these data revealed that listed banks have a higher level of information disclosure than unlisted banks, but the positive relationship between CER and FP is weaker in listed banks. Similarly, while state-owned banks have a higher degree of disclosure than privately-controlled banks, the relationship between their CER and FP is weaker. The paper also provides some recommendations and suggests future research implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practically, Islamic banking in Iran is not much different from conventional banking principles. Many paradigms of the commercial banking are considered in the Islamic-Iranian banking. Owing to the fact that asset and liability optimization is an important issue in the banking industry, the present paper investigates the balance sheet and income statement to constitute a structure for measuring each asset’s risk. The author uses the method of multiple objective programming to solve the problem of commercial bank's diversified pursuit of low risk and high profit by considering the so-called duration constraint. To test the proposed model, the data were collected from an Iranian commercial bank named Mellat bank from June 2009 to December 2016. The results suggest that Mellat bank, as the biggest private bank in Iran, should reform its asset-liability allocation to achieve the optimal level.

Con el presente artículo se pretende exponer un proceso para la valoración de acciones de las empresas del sector bancario mediante múltiplos financieros empresariales, sustentado en variadas técnicas estadísticas tales como simulaciones de Montecarlo y modelos bayesianos de valoración continua de los indicadores relativos en el tiempo, con el fin de hacer proyecciones de escenarios lo más acertado posible en el mediano plazo. En cuanto a la metodología, el enfoque de la investigación fue cuantitativo, el tipo de estudio descriptivo-correlacional, y el diseño de la investigación fue no experimental. En virtud de que para llevar a cabo la valoración del desempeño y evolución de los múltiplos financieros en el tiempo, se deben considerar empresas similares, se decidió realizar previamente un análisis de cluster, para verificar posibles agrupaciones entre las entidades bancarias de acuerdo con las variables. || This article intends to expose a process for the valuation of shares of the companies of the banking sector through business financial multiples, based on various statistical techniques such as Monte Carlo simulations and Bayesian models of continuous valuation of the relative indicators over time, with in order to make scenario projections as successful as possible in the medium term. Regarding the methodology, the research approach was quantitative; the type of descriptive-correlational study, and the research design was non-experimental. Because in order to carry out the assessment of the performance and evolution of the financial multiples over time, similar companies must be considered, it was decided to previously conduct a cluster analysis, to verify possible groupings between the banking entities according to the variables.

Copyright of Zbornik Radova: Univerzitet 'Džemal Bijedić' u Mostaru, Ekonomski Fakultet is the property of Dzemal Bijedic University of Mostar, Faculty of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates the link between market structure and performance in the Swedish commercial banking industry between 1912 and 1938. During this period, new market regulation was introduced with the intention to encourage large-scale banking. As a result, the industry entered a far-reaching consolidation phase. These market structure changes coincided with industrial development and progress. For this reason, it has commonly been assumed that the new regime fostered banks with capacity to efficiently supply the industry with financial services. However, hitherto, no comprehensive analyses on the actual impact of these policy changes on the performance of the banks have been conducted. We examine this impact by measuring the efficiency of Swedish commercial banks by constructing a Malmquist index based on technical efficiency scores derived from Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We use fractional regression analysis to examine the impact of market concentration and bank mergers on efficiency. We find that market concentration had a decidedly negative impact on the average efficiency of the Swedish commercial banking industry during this period. While large financial intermediaries may have been necessary to channel capital into the large-scale industrial and infrastructural projects of the time, it came at the cost of increased deadweight losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to compare the growth rate of commercial banks with microfinance banks, under the shadow of financial exclusion, and to provide a way forward for commercial banks. As we are living in the age of transformation, businesses cannot survive without evolution and necessary transformation. The Telecom sector of Pakistan suffered at the hands of Over-The-Top services, so is happening with the commercial banking. Telecom companies have chosen microfinance banking as their alternative revenue stream which is affecting commercial banks. Microfinance banks, typically mobile phone banking, are showing more growth in deposits and loans than commercial banks. Along with the analysis of industry reports, commercial banks' managers are also interviewed to perform an accurate analysis of the situation. It has been concluded that commercial banks are suffering due to financial exclusion and their deposits and lending rates are also decreasing due to microfinance banks. It is important for commercial banks to formulate their strategies and introduce new services according to the needs and preferences of their customers and they also need to increase banking awareness of their potential customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)