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23 results on '"COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS"'

1. The effect of oxygen and volatile combustibles on the sulphation of gaseous KCl.

Author

Kassman, Håkan, Normann, Fredrik, and Åmand, Lars-Erik

Subjects
*SULFATES, *OXYGEN, *VOLATILE organic compounds, *FLAMMABLE materials, *SULFATION, *POTASSIUM chloride, *BIOMASS burning, *FLUIDIZED bed reactors
Abstract

Abstract: Sulphur/sulphate containing additives, such as elemental sulphur (S) and ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4), can be used for sulphation of KCl during biomass combustion. These additives convert KCl to an alkali sulphate and a more efficient sulphation is normally achieved for ammonium sulphate compared to sulphur. The presence of SO3 is thus of greater importance than that of SO2. Oxygen and volatile combustibles could also have an effect on the sulphation of gaseous KCl. This paper is based on results obtained during co-combustion of wood chips and straw pellets in a 12MW circulating fluidised bed (CFB) boiler. Ammonium sulphate was injected at three positions in the boiler i.e. in the upper part of the combustion chamber, in the cyclone inlet, and in the cyclone. The sulphation of KCl was investigated at three air excess ratios (λ =1.1, 1.2 and 1.4). Several measurement tools were applied including IACM (on-line measurements of gaseous alkali chlorides), deposit probes (chemical composition in deposits collected) and gas analysis. The position for injection of ammonium sulphate had a great impact on the sulphation efficiency for gaseous KCl at the different air excess ratios. There was also an effect of oxygen on the sulphation efficiency when injecting ammonium sulphate in the cyclone. Less gaseous KCl was reduced during air excess ratio λ =1.1 compared to the higher air excess ratios. The optimal position and conditions for injection of ammonium sulphate were identified by measuring KCl with IACM. A correlation was observed between the sulphation of gaseous KCl and reduced chlorine content in the deposits. The experimental observations were evaluated using a detailed reaction mechanism. It was used to model the effect of volatile combustibles on the sulphation of gaseous KCl by SO3. The calculations supported the proposition that the presence of combustibles at the position of SO3 injection (i.e. AS) causes reduction of SO3 to SO2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2013
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2. Two strategies to reduce gaseous KCl and chlorine in deposits during biomass combustion — injection of ammonium sulphate and co-combustion with peat

Author

Kassman, Håkan, Pettersson, Jesper, Steenari, Britt-Marie, and Åmand, Lars-Erik

Subjects
*POTASSIUM chloride, *BIOMASS burning, *SUPERHEATERS, *CO-combustion, *AMMONIUM sulfate, *PEAT
Abstract

Abstract: Combustion of a biomass with an enhanced content of chlorine can result in operational problems including deposit formation and superheater corrosion. The strategies applied to reduce such problems include co-combustion and the use of additives. In this work a mixture of wood pellets and straw pellets was fired in a circulating fluidised bed boiler. Two strategies were applied to decrease the risk of superheater corrosion by reducing gaseous KCl and content of chlorine in deposits: sulphation of KCl by injection of ammonium sulphate and co-combustion with peat. During co-combustion of biomass with peat both sulphation of KCl and capture of released potassium in ash components can be of importance. The results were evaluated by means of IACM (on-line measurements of gaseous KCl), deposit probe measurements (chemical composition in collected deposits, initial corrosion) and ash analysis (chemical composition in fly ashes). The best overall performance was achieved with ammonium sulphate, which significantly reduced KCl. Meanwhile almost no chlorine was found in the deposits. Only a minor reduction of gaseous KCl was obtained during co-combustion although the chlorine content in the deposits was greatly reduced. The resistance to initial corrosion was improved during both injection of ammonium sulphate and co-combustion with peat. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2013
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3. Measures to reduce chlorine in deposits: Application in a large-scale circulating fluidised bed boiler firing biomass

Author

Kassman, Håkan, Broström, Markus, Berg, Magnus, and Åmand, Lars-Erik

Subjects
*CHLORINE, *COMBUSTION, *BIOMASS, *CHLORIDES, *PEAT, *AMMONIUM sulfate, *FLY ash, *FLUIDIZATION
Abstract

Abstract: Combustion of biomass with a high content of alkali (mainly potassium, K) and chlorine (Cl) can result in operational problems including deposit formation and superheater corrosion. Among the measures applied to decrease such problems are co-combustion and the use of additives. The positive effects of these measures are to a large extent either sulphation of the alkali chlorides (KCl) to less corrosive alkali sulphates or capture of alkali from KCl during release of HCl. A test campaign was carried out in a large-scale circulating fluidised boiler fired with biomass where the measures applied were sulphation by ammonium sulphate and co-combustion with peat. Their performance was evaluated by means of several advanced measurement tools including: IACM (on-line measurements of gaseous KCl); a low-pressure impactor (size distribution and chemical composition of extracted fly ash particles) and deposit measurements (chemical composition in collected deposits). The overall performance was better for ammonium sulphate, which significantly lowered KCl in the flue gas. Meanwhile no chlorine was found in the deposits. Only a minor reduction of gaseous KCl was obtained during co-combustion with peat although the chlorine content in the deposits was greatly reduced. These findings were supported by the results from the impactor measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2011
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4. The importance of SO2 and SO3 for sulphation of gaseous KCl – An experimental investigation in a biomass fired CFB boiler

Author

Kassman, Håkan, Bäfver, Linda, and Åmand, Lars-Erik

Subjects
*FLUIDIZED-bed combustion, *BIOMASS burning, *SULFUR oxides, *POTASSIUM chloride, *SULFATES, *PERFORMANCE evaluation, *LOW pressure (Science), *PARTICLE size distribution
Abstract

Abstract: This paper is based on results obtained during co-combustion of wood pellets and straw in a 12MW circulating fluidised bed (CFB) boiler. Elemental sulphur (S) and ammonium sulphate ((NH4)2SO4) were used as additives to convert the alkali chlorides (mainly KCl) to less corrosive alkali sulphates. Their performance was then evaluated using several measurement tools including, IACM (on-line measurements of gaseous alkali chlorides), a low-pressure impactor (particle size distribution and chemical composition of extracted fly ash particles), and deposit probes (chemical composition in deposits collected). The importance of the presence of either SO2 or SO3 for gas phase sulphation of KCl is also discussed. Ammonium sulphate performed significantly better than elemental sulphur. A more efficient sulphation of gaseous KCl was achieved with (NH4)2SO4 even when the S/Cl molar ratio was less than half compared to sulphur. Thus the presence of gaseous SO3 is of greater importance than that of SO2 for the sulphation of gaseous KCl. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2010
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5. The occurrence of pesticides and their residues in char produced by the combustion of wood pellets in domestic boilers.

Author

Růžičková, Jana, Raclavská, Helena, Šafář, Michal, Kucbel, Marek, Raclavský, Konstantin, Grobelak, Anna, Švédová, Barbora, and Juchelková, Dagmar

Subjects
*PESTICIDE residues in food, *WOOD pellets, *WOOD combustion, *CHAR, *PESTICIDE pollution, *FENITROTHION, *CARBARYL, *BOILERS
Abstract

• Char produced by combustion of bark pellets in automatic boilers contains pesticides. • Char from pellets contains 11 kinds of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. • The enrichment factor for insecticide carbaryl for char from pellets reaches 2.44. • Decomposition of pesticides adsorbed on elemental carbon requires temperature 750 °C. • Pesticides bound in char have molecular weight in the range from 201 to 721. Pesticides were observed in the analysis of char from the combustion of bark pellets in modern boilers with automatic loading. Altogether, eleven pesticides were identified: fungicides (fuberidazole, bitertanol, epoxiconazole, chlozolinate + 3 metabolites), herbicides (bifenox + 1 metabolite), and insecticides (carbaryl, carbophenothion, methyl carbophenothion, bromophos, azadirachtin, deltamethrin). Metabolites or fragments of pesticides include chemical compounds that contain benzimidazole, isoxazole, and phthalimide. Analyses of char samples determined that some pesticides do not decompose or only decompose partially at high temperatures. The enrichment factor for pesticides contained in char from bark pellets varied from 0.07 to 2.44 (carbaryl) and from 0.6 to 0.67 (carbaryl) for the char from bark briquettes. During the combustion process, some pesticides (such as carbaryl) were adsorbed onto elemental carbon, which made their thermal decomposition possible only at temperatures higher than 750 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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6. Organic markers and compounds in PM1 aerosol in small town near Prague (Czech Republic) in winter 2016

Author

Křůmal, Kamil, Mikuška, Pavel, Coufalík, Pavel, and Večeřa, Zbyněk

Subjects
PM1 aerosol, combustion of biomass, organic markers, aerosols collected
Abstract

Contribution summarizes the concentrations of monosaccharide anhydrides, resin\nacids, methoxyphenols, monosaccharides, disaccharides, sugar alcohols, alkanes,\nhopanes, steranes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM1 aerosols in small town\nKladno-Švermov in winter. According to concentrations of organic markers, the\nidentification of emission sources in Kladno-Švermov is discussed.

Published
2016

7. Household Energy for Cooking : Project Design Principles

Author

Ekouevi, Koffi

Subjects
HEAT TRANSFER, PRICE SUBSIDIES, CARBON FINANCE, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT, FUEL COLLECTION, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, THERMAL ENERGY, APPROACH, ENERGY POVERTY, SOLID FUELS, NATURAL FORESTS, THERMAL APPLICATIONS, BIOMASS ENERGY, CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, CONSUMER FUEL, SUNLIGHT, RENEWABLE ENERGY, SOLID FUEL, ENERGY SECTOR, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, WORKERS, ELECTRIFICATION, TRADITIONAL STOVES, BURNING STOVES, ENERGY EFFICIENCIES, OPEN BURNING, ENERGY CARRIERS, FOREST COVER, ORGANIC MATTER, TRANSPORT SECTOR, LIQUID FUELS, BLACK CARBON, FOSSIL FUELS, WILLINGNESS TO PAY, HYDROCARBONS, PROPANE, WOODS, THERMAL EFFICIENCY, CHARCOAL KILNS, PARTICULATE, FOREST RESOURCES, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, FOREST MANAGEMENT, DEMAND FOR ENERGY, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, COLORS, COMBUSTION, QUALITY CONTROL, PETROLEUM, FUEL SUPPLY, GLOBAL WARMING, ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ENERGY POLICIES, FUEL CONSUMPTION, GHGS, ENERGY PROJECTS, DNA, ENVIRONMENTAL, CROP DRYING, FOSSIL FUEL, ENERGY ASSESSMENT, LNG, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, FOREST RESERVES, GREENHOUSE, COMBUSTION CHAMBER, WTA, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES, THERMODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY, ENERGY POLICY, BIOMASS BURNING, CLIMATE CHANGE, MARKET PRICES, SUSTAINABLE FOREST, WOOD, BIOMASS, CARBON, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, INSTITUTIONALIZATION, CARBON CREDITS, FORESTS, BIOMASS SECTOR, COOK STOVES, POLITICAL ECONOMY, TEMPERATURE, EMISSION FACTOR, AIR, EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS, CALORIFIC VALUE, FOREST, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, DIFFUSION, CLIMATE BENEFITS, CO, AIR POLLUTION, ENERGY SECURITY, LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS, CO2, PUBLIC HEALTH, MOISTURE CONTENT, RURAL AREA, ECONOMIC VALUE, SMOKERS, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FUELS, RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECT, POWER, BIOMASS FUELS, KEROSENE, ALBEDO, FORMALDEHYDE, ECONOMICS, ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY, ENERGY STRATEGIES, AIR QUALITY, ENERGY PRODUCTS, ENERGY PRACTICE, CARBON MONOXIDE, AUTOMOTIVE FUEL, CLIMATE, ENERGY NEEDS, BIOMASS COMBUSTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, GHG, SOCIAL NETWORKS, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM, PRODUCERS, WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION, RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGY, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, HARMFUL EMISSIONS, BURNING BIOMASS, WILDLIFE HABITAT, GASES, ENERGY ACCESS, OXYGEN, COOKING, ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, HOT GASES, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, CARBON MARKETS, POLLUTANTS, AEROSOL PRECURSORS, LAND USE, FOSSIL, WORKING CONDITIONS, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, DIESEL, ENERGY PLANNERS, HOLISTIC APPROACH, OIL, RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY, HEALTH OUTCOMES, GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL, BIOGAS, INTERVENTION, LIQUID FUEL, PRICE COMPETITIVENESS, GREENHOUSE GAS, EMISSIONS ALLOWANCES, FUEL EFFICIENCY, MODERN FUELS, BLACK CARBON EMISSIONS, RAW MATERIAL, CALCULATION, FISH, RURAL AREAS, ENERGY MANAGEMENT, GOLD, POWER CYCLE, FUEL SWITCHING, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, DECISION MAKING, NATURAL RESOURCE, MORTALITY, CROP, ATMOSPHERE, EFFICIENT STOVES, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION, TURBULENCE, ENERGY STRATEGY, FOREST MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES, MARKETING, SULFATE, ENVIRONMENTS, GENERATION, EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, BURNS, KEROSENE SUBSIDIES, BENZENE, BUILDING MATERIALS, RURAL CONSUMER, SMOKE, TRADEOFFS, ELECTRICITY, COAL, PARTICULATE MATTER, CARBON DIOXIDE, FUEL PRICES, WOODY BIOMASS, ALTERNATIVE FUELS, EFFICIENT STOVE, WOOD BIOMASS, RAW MATERIALS, EFFECTIVE USE, IPCC, CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION, HOUSEHOLD FUELS, BIOMASS ENERGY USE, CANCER, FUEL USE, EMISSION REDUCTION, LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS, FUEL TYPES, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS, EXERCISES, COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY, HEAT, WOOD ENERGY, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, LEISURE TIME, PRODUCTION OF CHARCOAL, PELLETS, UTILITIES, ETHANOL, CARBON TAX, FORESTRY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, AVAILABILITY, ENERGY SERVICES, VENTILATION, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY, AFFORESTATION, ENERGY SOURCES, ECOSYSTEM, DEFORESTATION, EMISSION, CLEAN FUELS, FOREST AREAS
Abstract

Reliance on solid fuels for cooking is an indicator of energy poverty. Access to modern energy services - including electricity and clean fuels - is important for achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It can also reduce womens domestic burden of collecting fuelwood and allow them to pursue educational, economic, and other employment opportunities that can empower them and lead to increased gender equality. Similarly, the use of clean cooking and heating fuels in efficient appliances can reduce child mortality rates. Without access to modern energy services, the likelihood of escaping poverty is very low. Interventions to improve energy access to the poor have focused mainly on electricity access and have often neglected nonelectricity household energy access. Household energy for cooking in particular has received little policy attention in the overall energy sector dialogue, and consequently its lending volume remains low, in spite of the magnitude of the development challenges it represents. The objective of this note is to assist task teams with broad project design principles related to household energy for cooking. It follows five main reports produced by the World Bank Group over the last three years: (1) Household Cookstoves, Environment, Health, and Climate Change: A New Look at an Old Problem; (2) Household Energy Access for Cooking and Heating: Lessons Learned and the Way Forward; (3) One Goal, Two Paths Achieving Universal Access to Modern Energy in East Asia and Pacific; (4) Wood-Based Biomass Energy Development for Sub-Saharan Africa; and (5) What Have We Learned about Household Biomass Cooking in Central America? These reports make the case for a re-engagement of the World Bank Group in the household energy access sector. This note is organized into two sections: (a) context and background, and (b) project design principles.

Published
2013

8. Zpracování biomasy pro přímé spalování

Author

TOMÁŠEK, Petr

Subjects
digestive, oral, and skin physiology, cena, energie, energy, biomasa, lisování, biomass, manufacture of wood chips, pressing, combustion of biomass, spalování biomasy, pellets, štěpkování, price, pelety, complex mixtures
Abstract

The aim of this work is to create an overview of the possibilities of using the biomass for energy purposes and to assess various treatment technologies of biomass for direct combustion. It was performed the consumption monitoring of pellets in a family house newly insulated and an assessment of the pellet boiler. As fuel for heating of the house were used white wood pellets made from clean wood and wood waste, without additives. For calculation the consumption of pellets and an assessment of the boiler were used data from the heating season 2011/2012. Finally, a comparison is made of pellets and other fuels for heating the object.

Published
2013

9. Household Cookstoves, Environment, Health, and Climate Change : A New Look at an Old Problem

Author

World Bank

Subjects
HEAT TRANSFER, CARBON FINANCE, COMBUSTION EMISSIONS, APPROACH, SOLID FUELS, BIOMASS ENERGY, CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, CROP RESIDUES, POLICY MAKERS, SUNLIGHT, RENEWABLE ENERGY, INCOME, FUEL PRODUCTION, food and beverages, OIL EQUIVALENT, WORKERS, HYDROGEN, LIQUID FUELS, AEROSOL EMISSIONS, BLACK CARBON, FOSSIL FUELS, CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, HYDROCARBONS, PARTICULATE, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, QUALITY STANDARDS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, COLORS, COMBUSTION, ORGANIC CARBON, QUALITY CONTROL, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, PETROLEUM, GLOBAL WARMING, FUEL CONSUMPTION, HEALTH RISKS, QUALITY OF ENERGY, GHGS, technology, industry, and agriculture, RENEWABLE BIOMASS, INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL, BIOMASS FUEL, COST SAVINGS, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE, ELECTRIC APPLIANCES, FUEL SUBSTITUTION, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, USER BENEFITS, GREENHOUSE, PREGNANT WOMEN, NITROUS OXIDE, TRADITIONAL BIOMASS, BIOMASS BURNING, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE, SUSTAINABLE FOREST, HEALTH EDUCATION, ANTENATAL CARE, RURAL ENERGY, FOREST DEGRADATION, BIOMASS, METHANE, TRADITIONAL FUELS, CARBON MARKET, ELECTRIC GENERATORS, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY TECHNOLOGY, AIR, IRON, N2O, CLOUDS, COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, FOREST, HEALTH PROBLEMS, CO, AIR POLLUTION, FOOD PREPARATION, CO2, FOREST INVESTMENT, GRID RENEWABLE ENERGY, MOISTURE CONTENT, SOLID BIOMASS, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, GRID ELECTRICITY, FUELS, ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, BIOMASS FUELS, EFFICIENT USE, KEROSENE, SUGARCANE, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE, PM10, GWP, QUALITY OF LIFE, REDUCING EMISSIONS, ECONOMICS, ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY, AIR QUALITY, CARBON MONOXIDE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE, ENERGY NEEDS, BIOMASS COMBUSTION, GHG, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM, INSULATION, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES, FUEL COSTS, PRODUCERS, GLOBAL EMISSIONS, FAMILIES, OXYGEN, ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, FOSSIL, PILOT PROJECTS, CUMULATIVE EMISSIONS, RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAM, OIL, BALANCE, SOLAR HOME SYSTEM, GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL, SMOKING, INTERVENTION, WALKING, HUMAN HEALTH, FUEL EFFICIENCY, LIVING STANDARDS, GASIFIER, MODERN FUELS, BURNING GAS, BLACK CARBON EMISSIONS, AEROSOLS, PARTICLES, GLOBAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION, GOLD, FUEL SWITCHING, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GLOBAL GREENHOUSE, ATMOSPHERE, FUEL TYPE, FUEL PRICE, SAND, SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS, FOREST CARBON, PARTICULATES, MARKETING, ENVIRONMENTS, GENERATION, ENERGY SERVICE, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, SMOKE, BIOMASS COLLECTION, BIOMASS RESOURCES, FUEL, ELECTRICITY, COAL, PARTICULATE MATTER, CARBON DIOXIDE, FUEL PRICES, EPIDEMIOLOGY, ENERGY CONSERVATION, BIOMASS ENERGY USE, CANCER, KEROSENE LAMPS, FUEL USE, AIR FLOW, LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS, GREENHOUSE GASES, FUEL TYPES, LIVING SPACE, COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS, COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY, HEAT, COMBUSTION PROCESS, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, EXPENDITURES, PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, BIOMASS USE, FUEL COMBUSTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, FORESTRY, CH4, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, AVAILABILITY, VENTILATION, HOUSEHOLD COOKING, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY, ENERGY SOURCES, DEFORESTATION, EMISSION, GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS, TONS OF CARBON
Abstract

Open fires and primitive stoves have been used for cooking since the beginning of human history. They have come in various sizes and styles, having been adapted to myriad cultures and food preparation methods. As society has progressed, more sophisticated stove models have been developed. Today's modern kitchens reflect the many types of standardized and specialized cooking devices available, from coffee and tea pots to toasters and gas cook tops. But in many developing countries worldwide, the poor still burn biomass energy to meet their household cooking needs. These open fires are fairly inefficient at converting energy into heat for cooking; the amount of biomass fuel needed each year for basic cooking can reach up to two tons per family. In addition, collecting this fuel sometimes can take an hour a day on average. Furthermore, these open fires and primitive cook stoves emit a significant amount of smoke, which fills the home; this indoor cooking smoke has been associated with a number of diseases, the most serious of which are chronic and acute respiratory illnesses, such as bronchitis and pneumonia. This report takes a fresh look at what new approaches might be used to tackle this well known yet complex multi-sector issue. Although there are other ways to reduce household air pollution, including inter fuel substitution and household ventilation, this study focuses mainly on the recently developed biomass cook stoves for developing countries and their financing models and sources. Known by many as 'advanced biomass cook stoves,' these new cook stoves generally have better energy-combustion properties and reduce fuel consumption by about half. Such innovations warrant the development of a more serious program to deal with both the emissions and health issues resulting from cooking with open fires or traditional biomass cook stoves.

Published
2011

10. Legal aspects of usage of Renewable Energy Sources

Author

Szennai, Tomáš, Štěpánek, Petr, and Černý, Pavel

Subjects
green bonus, guarantee of origin, využívání obnovitelných zdrojů energie, parallel combustion of biomass, biomass, European Directive 2001/77/EEC, combustion of biomass, Obnovitelné zdroje energie, zelený bonus, výkupní cena, spoluspalování biomasy, biomasa, feed-in tariffs, větrná energie, usage of renewable energy sources, RES, wind energy, národní směrný cíl, záruka původu, směrnice EP a Rady 2009/28/ES, OZE, spalování biomasy, Renewable energy sources, Statute 180/2005 Coll, indikativní cíl, indicative target, European Directive 2009/28/EEC, směrnice EP a Rady 2001/77/ES, hydro energy, zákon č. 180/2005 Sb
Abstract

This Bachelor Degree Final Paper is supposed to provide the reader with complex overview of specific legal regulation of use of renewable energy sources. The main focus is set on Czech legal provision. However basic description of law of the European Union in the respective field, as a corner-stone for the one of the Czech Republic, is also contained. Additionally former provision that regulated usage of RES before admission of the Czech Republic into the EU is included. The very last chapter of the paper offers brief study of most recent European directive concerning the respective field.

Published
2009

11. Possible utilization of grass material

Author

KOBERNA, Daniel

Subjects
combustion of biomass, composting, biomass, bioplyn, grass material, biogas, energetické trávy, biomasa, možnosti zužitkování travní hmoty, briketování, obnovitelný zdroj energie, travní hmota, mulching, peletování, spalování biomasy, mulčování, kompostování, energy grass, possible utilization of grass material, briquetting, renewable resource, pelleting
Abstract

The objective if this degree work is creating a survey of possible uses of surplus grass material which is caused by animal farming reduction and by bringing the ground in less fertile areas of our country to a standstill. In the work possible uses of the grass are described, especially its use in the energy industry as a fuel source for the production of heat and biogas. Classical usage of the grass material as a food source for livestock or for the production of compost is described here as well. Examples are shown there of energy kinds of grass, which seems to be a promising renewable resource of biomass for favourable economic results. The harvest of the grass material and its consequent prossesing is done by production lines, that is why a survey of such lines and their economic figures connected with the operation of these machines is also included in this work. The economic part of this work contains many formulae that can be used for counting out all the costs connected with the operation of the grass harvest machine and for evaluating the effectiveness of the return on investment into this machine

Published
2008

12. Biomasa jako zdroj energie

Author

Weidlich, Tomáš, Krchová, Lenka, Weidlich, Tomáš, and Krchová, Lenka

Abstract

Cílem této bakalářské práce je popis možností využití biomasy, dále její rozdělování, výhody a hrozící rizika při jejím zpracovávání a využívání. V práci je dále vypracováno zhodnocení a popsání projektu Energeticky soběstačná obec Kněžice. Poslední částí práce je návrh projektu bioplynové stanice využívající odpadní biomasu z údržby zeleně obcí, zemědělské činnosti a zbytkové biomasy v obci Nová Ves u Kolína., The aim of this thesis is a description of the use of biomass, its distribution, advantages and risks that may occur during its processing and usage. The work also focuses on the evaluation and description of the project Energeticky sobestacna obec Knezice (Energetically Independent Village Kněžice). The last part of the work is formed by a project proposal concerning a biogas station exploiting biomass from green municipal areas maintenance, agricultural activites and residual biomass in the village of Nova Ves., Ústav environmentálního a chemického inženýrství, Posluchačka seznámila komisi s obsahem své bakalářské práce a následně zodpověděla dotazy členů komise. - množství biomasy pro provozování fermentoru - problém úsad křemíku

Published
2011

13. Zvýšení výkonu mikroturbíny pracující v nepřímém oběhu

Author

Škorpík, Jiří, Fiedler, Jan, Polák, Luboš, Škorpík, Jiří, Fiedler, Jan, and Polák, Luboš

Abstract

Turbogenerátorová jednotka TGU 100B, vyráběná v První brněnské strojírně Velká Bíteš a.s., pracuje v nepřímém Braytnově oběhu. Cílem této práce je návrh na zvýšení výkonové hladiny technologického celku, ve kterém je tato mikroturbína aplikována. Práce předkládá různé způsoby zvýšení výkonu a účinnosti oběhu. Tyto možné varianty jsou mezi sebou porovnávány z technologického a ekonomického hlediska. Na základě těchto hledisek byla vybrána varianta přivádění přídavné vody do oběhu. Pro tento návrh byl v rámci práce vypracován matematický model na základě, kterého byla stanovena i ekonomická bilance vybrané varianty. Práce dále předkládá návrh technologického schématu, ve kterém je již vybraná varianta zapracována a také nástin případných ověřovacích zkoušek., Turbogenerator unit 100B TGU, produced in the First Brno Engineering Velká Bíteš a.s., works in Brayton indirect circulation. The aim of this work is the proposal to increase performance levels of technological unit in which the micro-turbine is applied. The work presents various ways to increase performance and efficiency of circulation. The possible options are compared with each of the technological and economic terms. Based on these criteria was selected variant feeding additional water into the circulation. For this design was the work of a mathematical model based on, which was established as the economic balance of the selected variants. The thesis also proposes a technological scheme, which is already incorporated the selected variant and an outline of the verification tests.

14. Kotle na biomasu

Author

Baláš, Marek, Lisý, Martin, Netopilová, Petra, Baláš, Marek, Lisý, Martin, and Netopilová, Petra

Abstract

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá kotli na biomasu a biomasou samotnou jako obnovitelným zdrojem energie. První část nás seznamuje nás s obnovitelnými zdroji energie, zabývá se samotnou biomasou a dále výrobou paliva z biomasy. Druhá část popisuje kotle na biomasu. Dále uvádí možnosti vytápění, které nám umožňuje využít dnešní trh. Zabývá se hlavně možnostmi vytápění biomasou a porovnává, který kotel na dané palivo je nejekonomičtější. Výpočtová část je zaměřená na porovnání kotlů na biomasu s kotlem na zemní plyn z ekonomického hlediska., This bachelor´s thesis concerns with the biomass boilers and the biomass as a renewable source of energy. The first part informs us about renewables sources of energy, concerns with biomass and with production of fuel from biomass. The second part describes the biomass boilers. Bellow it shows the possibillities of heating, which the todays market is able to offer us. It mainly deals with the posswibillities of haeting of biomass and compares the most economical boiler, which is used for different fuel. The calculating part is specialized in comparing of biomass boilers with gas boiler from economical standpoint.

15. Zvýšení výkonu mikroturbíny pracující v nepřímém oběhu

Author

Škorpík, Jiří, Fiedler, Jan, Polák, Luboš, Škorpík, Jiří, Fiedler, Jan, and Polák, Luboš

Abstract

Turbogenerátorová jednotka TGU 100B, vyráběná v První brněnské strojírně Velká Bíteš a.s., pracuje v nepřímém Braytnově oběhu. Cílem této práce je návrh na zvýšení výkonové hladiny technologického celku, ve kterém je tato mikroturbína aplikována. Práce předkládá různé způsoby zvýšení výkonu a účinnosti oběhu. Tyto možné varianty jsou mezi sebou porovnávány z technologického a ekonomického hlediska. Na základě těchto hledisek byla vybrána varianta přivádění přídavné vody do oběhu. Pro tento návrh byl v rámci práce vypracován matematický model na základě, kterého byla stanovena i ekonomická bilance vybrané varianty. Práce dále předkládá návrh technologického schématu, ve kterém je již vybraná varianta zapracována a také nástin případných ověřovacích zkoušek., Turbogenerator unit 100B TGU, produced in the First Brno Engineering Velká Bíteš a.s., works in Brayton indirect circulation. The aim of this work is the proposal to increase performance levels of technological unit in which the micro-turbine is applied. The work presents various ways to increase performance and efficiency of circulation. The possible options are compared with each of the technological and economic terms. Based on these criteria was selected variant feeding additional water into the circulation. For this design was the work of a mathematical model based on, which was established as the economic balance of the selected variants. The thesis also proposes a technological scheme, which is already incorporated the selected variant and an outline of the verification tests.

16. Kotle na biomasu

Author

Baláš, Marek, Lisý, Martin, Netopilová, Petra, Baláš, Marek, Lisý, Martin, and Netopilová, Petra

Abstract

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá kotli na biomasu a biomasou samotnou jako obnovitelným zdrojem energie. První část nás seznamuje nás s obnovitelnými zdroji energie, zabývá se samotnou biomasou a dále výrobou paliva z biomasy. Druhá část popisuje kotle na biomasu. Dále uvádí možnosti vytápění, které nám umožňuje využít dnešní trh. Zabývá se hlavně možnostmi vytápění biomasou a porovnává, který kotel na dané palivo je nejekonomičtější. Výpočtová část je zaměřená na porovnání kotlů na biomasu s kotlem na zemní plyn z ekonomického hlediska., This bachelor´s thesis concerns with the biomass boilers and the biomass as a renewable source of energy. The first part informs us about renewables sources of energy, concerns with biomass and with production of fuel from biomass. The second part describes the biomass boilers. Bellow it shows the possibillities of heating, which the todays market is able to offer us. It mainly deals with the posswibillities of haeting of biomass and compares the most economical boiler, which is used for different fuel. The calculating part is specialized in comparing of biomass boilers with gas boiler from economical standpoint.

17. Kotle na biomasu

Author

Baláš, Marek, Lisý, Martin, Baláš, Marek, and Lisý, Martin

Abstract

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá kotli na biomasu a biomasou samotnou jako obnovitelným zdrojem energie. První část nás seznamuje nás s obnovitelnými zdroji energie, zabývá se samotnou biomasou a dále výrobou paliva z biomasy. Druhá část popisuje kotle na biomasu. Dále uvádí možnosti vytápění, které nám umožňuje využít dnešní trh. Zabývá se hlavně možnostmi vytápění biomasou a porovnává, který kotel na dané palivo je nejekonomičtější. Výpočtová část je zaměřená na porovnání kotlů na biomasu s kotlem na zemní plyn z ekonomického hlediska., This bachelor´s thesis concerns with the biomass boilers and the biomass as a renewable source of energy. The first part informs us about renewables sources of energy, concerns with biomass and with production of fuel from biomass. The second part describes the biomass boilers. Bellow it shows the possibillities of heating, which the todays market is able to offer us. It mainly deals with the posswibillities of haeting of biomass and compares the most economical boiler, which is used for different fuel. The calculating part is specialized in comparing of biomass boilers with gas boiler from economical standpoint.

18. Zvýšení výkonu mikroturbíny pracující v nepřímém oběhu

Author

Škorpík, Jiří, Fiedler, Jan, Škorpík, Jiří, and Fiedler, Jan

Abstract

Turbogenerátorová jednotka TGU 100B, vyráběná v První brněnské strojírně Velká Bíteš a.s., pracuje v nepřímém Braytnově oběhu. Cílem této práce je návrh na zvýšení výkonové hladiny technologického celku, ve kterém je tato mikroturbína aplikována. Práce předkládá různé způsoby zvýšení výkonu a účinnosti oběhu. Tyto možné varianty jsou mezi sebou porovnávány z technologického a ekonomického hlediska. Na základě těchto hledisek byla vybrána varianta přivádění přídavné vody do oběhu. Pro tento návrh byl v rámci práce vypracován matematický model na základě, kterého byla stanovena i ekonomická bilance vybrané varianty. Práce dále předkládá návrh technologického schématu, ve kterém je již vybraná varianta zapracována a také nástin případných ověřovacích zkoušek., Turbogenerator unit 100B TGU, produced in the First Brno Engineering Velká Bíteš a.s., works in Brayton indirect circulation. The aim of this work is the proposal to increase performance levels of technological unit in which the micro-turbine is applied. The work presents various ways to increase performance and efficiency of circulation. The possible options are compared with each of the technological and economic terms. Based on these criteria was selected variant feeding additional water into the circulation. For this design was the work of a mathematical model based on, which was established as the economic balance of the selected variants. The thesis also proposes a technological scheme, which is already incorporated the selected variant and an outline of the verification tests.

19. Kotle na biomasu

Author

Baláš, Marek, Lisý, Martin, Baláš, Marek, and Lisý, Martin

Abstract

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá kotli na biomasu a biomasou samotnou jako obnovitelným zdrojem energie. První část nás seznamuje nás s obnovitelnými zdroji energie, zabývá se samotnou biomasou a dále výrobou paliva z biomasy. Druhá část popisuje kotle na biomasu. Dále uvádí možnosti vytápění, které nám umožňuje využít dnešní trh. Zabývá se hlavně možnostmi vytápění biomasou a porovnává, který kotel na dané palivo je nejekonomičtější. Výpočtová část je zaměřená na porovnání kotlů na biomasu s kotlem na zemní plyn z ekonomického hlediska., This bachelor´s thesis concerns with the biomass boilers and the biomass as a renewable source of energy. The first part informs us about renewables sources of energy, concerns with biomass and with production of fuel from biomass. The second part describes the biomass boilers. Bellow it shows the possibillities of heating, which the todays market is able to offer us. It mainly deals with the posswibillities of haeting of biomass and compares the most economical boiler, which is used for different fuel. The calculating part is specialized in comparing of biomass boilers with gas boiler from economical standpoint.

20. Zvýšení výkonu mikroturbíny pracující v nepřímém oběhu

Author

Škorpík, Jiří, Fiedler, Jan, Škorpík, Jiří, and Fiedler, Jan

Abstract

Turbogenerátorová jednotka TGU 100B, vyráběná v První brněnské strojírně Velká Bíteš a.s., pracuje v nepřímém Braytnově oběhu. Cílem této práce je návrh na zvýšení výkonové hladiny technologického celku, ve kterém je tato mikroturbína aplikována. Práce předkládá různé způsoby zvýšení výkonu a účinnosti oběhu. Tyto možné varianty jsou mezi sebou porovnávány z technologického a ekonomického hlediska. Na základě těchto hledisek byla vybrána varianta přivádění přídavné vody do oběhu. Pro tento návrh byl v rámci práce vypracován matematický model na základě, kterého byla stanovena i ekonomická bilance vybrané varianty. Práce dále předkládá návrh technologického schématu, ve kterém je již vybraná varianta zapracována a také nástin případných ověřovacích zkoušek., Turbogenerator unit 100B TGU, produced in the First Brno Engineering Velká Bíteš a.s., works in Brayton indirect circulation. The aim of this work is the proposal to increase performance levels of technological unit in which the micro-turbine is applied. The work presents various ways to increase performance and efficiency of circulation. The possible options are compared with each of the technological and economic terms. Based on these criteria was selected variant feeding additional water into the circulation. For this design was the work of a mathematical model based on, which was established as the economic balance of the selected variants. The thesis also proposes a technological scheme, which is already incorporated the selected variant and an outline of the verification tests.

21. Zvýšení výkonu mikroturbíny pracující v nepřímém oběhu

Author

Škorpík, Jiří, Fiedler, Jan, Škorpík, Jiří, and Fiedler, Jan

Abstract

Turbogenerátorová jednotka TGU 100B, vyráběná v První brněnské strojírně Velká Bíteš a.s., pracuje v nepřímém Braytnově oběhu. Cílem této práce je návrh na zvýšení výkonové hladiny technologického celku, ve kterém je tato mikroturbína aplikována. Práce předkládá různé způsoby zvýšení výkonu a účinnosti oběhu. Tyto možné varianty jsou mezi sebou porovnávány z technologického a ekonomického hlediska. Na základě těchto hledisek byla vybrána varianta přivádění přídavné vody do oběhu. Pro tento návrh byl v rámci práce vypracován matematický model na základě, kterého byla stanovena i ekonomická bilance vybrané varianty. Práce dále předkládá návrh technologického schématu, ve kterém je již vybraná varianta zapracována a také nástin případných ověřovacích zkoušek., Turbogenerator unit 100B TGU, produced in the First Brno Engineering Velká Bíteš a.s., works in Brayton indirect circulation. The aim of this work is the proposal to increase performance levels of technological unit in which the micro-turbine is applied. The work presents various ways to increase performance and efficiency of circulation. The possible options are compared with each of the technological and economic terms. Based on these criteria was selected variant feeding additional water into the circulation. For this design was the work of a mathematical model based on, which was established as the economic balance of the selected variants. The thesis also proposes a technological scheme, which is already incorporated the selected variant and an outline of the verification tests.

22. Zvýšení výkonu mikroturbíny pracující v nepřímém oběhu

Author

Škorpík, Jiří, Fiedler, Jan, Polák, Luboš, Škorpík, Jiří, Fiedler, Jan, and Polák, Luboš

Abstract

Turbogenerátorová jednotka TGU 100B, vyráběná v První brněnské strojírně Velká Bíteš a.s., pracuje v nepřímém Braytnově oběhu. Cílem této práce je návrh na zvýšení výkonové hladiny technologického celku, ve kterém je tato mikroturbína aplikována. Práce předkládá různé způsoby zvýšení výkonu a účinnosti oběhu. Tyto možné varianty jsou mezi sebou porovnávány z technologického a ekonomického hlediska. Na základě těchto hledisek byla vybrána varianta přivádění přídavné vody do oběhu. Pro tento návrh byl v rámci práce vypracován matematický model na základě, kterého byla stanovena i ekonomická bilance vybrané varianty. Práce dále předkládá návrh technologického schématu, ve kterém je již vybraná varianta zapracována a také nástin případných ověřovacích zkoušek., Turbogenerator unit 100B TGU, produced in the First Brno Engineering Velká Bíteš a.s., works in Brayton indirect circulation. The aim of this work is the proposal to increase performance levels of technological unit in which the micro-turbine is applied. The work presents various ways to increase performance and efficiency of circulation. The possible options are compared with each of the technological and economic terms. Based on these criteria was selected variant feeding additional water into the circulation. For this design was the work of a mathematical model based on, which was established as the economic balance of the selected variants. The thesis also proposes a technological scheme, which is already incorporated the selected variant and an outline of the verification tests.

23. Kotle na biomasu

Author

Baláš, Marek, Lisý, Martin, Netopilová, Petra, Baláš, Marek, Lisý, Martin, and Netopilová, Petra

Abstract

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá kotli na biomasu a biomasou samotnou jako obnovitelným zdrojem energie. První část nás seznamuje nás s obnovitelnými zdroji energie, zabývá se samotnou biomasou a dále výrobou paliva z biomasy. Druhá část popisuje kotle na biomasu. Dále uvádí možnosti vytápění, které nám umožňuje využít dnešní trh. Zabývá se hlavně možnostmi vytápění biomasou a porovnává, který kotel na dané palivo je nejekonomičtější. Výpočtová část je zaměřená na porovnání kotlů na biomasu s kotlem na zemní plyn z ekonomického hlediska., This bachelor´s thesis concerns with the biomass boilers and the biomass as a renewable source of energy. The first part informs us about renewables sources of energy, concerns with biomass and with production of fuel from biomass. The second part describes the biomass boilers. Bellow it shows the possibillities of heating, which the todays market is able to offer us. It mainly deals with the posswibillities of haeting of biomass and compares the most economical boiler, which is used for different fuel. The calculating part is specialized in comparing of biomass boilers with gas boiler from economical standpoint.

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