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Copyright of Verimlilik Dergisi is the property of Verimlilik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent times, the number of protests has increased rapidly in Romania, what many participants in these movements do not know is that they are regulated by the law of public assemblies and any organization or participation in such a demonstration must strictly respect these laws and regulations . Law no. 60/1991 on the organization and conduct of public assemblies guarantees the freedom of citizens to express their political, social or other opinions, to organize rallies, demonstrations, demonstrations, processions and any other gatherings, as well as to participate in them, with the condition that the public assemblies in question are peaceful. Public gatherings that take place in markets, on public roads or in other open air places must be declared in advance to the relevant authorities and it is not allowed that they prevent the normal use of public roads, public transport, except for those authorized, the operation of public or private institutions, of education, culture and health or of economic units. Administrative institutions and local police bodies are obliged to ensure the smooth running of public gatherings, and the organizers are obliged to ensure all the necessary measures for the public gathering to take place without incident while respecting the provisions of the law. The organization of public gatherings is prohibited in immediate proximity to railway stations, ports, airports, metro stations, hospitals, objectives, economic units with installations, machinery orimachines with a high degree of danger in operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses ambiguity and complexity in proactive policing practices and identifies the paradox that despite the focus on increasing proactivity, police work remains strongly reactive. Drawing on a set of Norwegian case studies of policing in different domains, the article shows how under an overarching objective of 'combating crime', the distinctions between non-coercive (mainly proactive) forms of prevention or (mainly reactive) methods such as investigation or intelligence are seen as unimportant. This creates a demand for professionals working across different crime types, leading to a shift towards high policing in everyday life and tension between experts and generalists. Other, unintended consequences include a fragmentation of tasks and a more general and abstract way of policing. The result is pluralization and multiagency partnership strategies, where the police conduct high-policing tasks and external actors conduct low-policing tasks. These findings point to the emergence of new forms of hybrid of policing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Barcelona, in the name of convivencia (a concept that means togetherness, conviviality, public order), various municipal services have created teams to patrol the city. These are "proximity" services, a type of social vigilance managed by social patrols who aim to survey specific areas in Barcelona within which poor, illegalized, and racialized people, move, work, and live. Drawing on ethnographic notes and interviews with the patrols and people affected by this "proximity" vigilance, I show how institutional vigilance produces insecurity and perceptions of conflicts. In addition, this vigilant presence disrupts the intimacy of affected people, taking away their autonomy and producing alienation. Paradoxically, in the name of convivencia, the vigilance of illegalized and racialized people produces their isolation from the city, creating a social and racial order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is related to the work of police officers who encounter difficulties in performing their duties due to the pandemic "Covid-19" virus. Following the spread of this deadly virus worldwide, it has caused great problems in both economic and national security issues in all countries around the world. But, in this situation, a problem and a difficult situation has been created for the police, which, after the doctors, are the most exposed and at risk of this virus because they deal or act directly with different people. In this paper, we will talk about police activities, starting with the patrol police, community police officer, investigating officers and the collection of intelligence information by the officers assigned to this task. All of these actions require direct action to contact the human factor. In this case or situation, human factor itself is one who carries this deadly virus. This paper also will outline the measures that a police officer should take to protect themselves from this virus because these people can also be targeted and can infect their family members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Während des Kalten Krieges existierte weithin ein stabiles Kriegsszenario im Ostseeraum. Vereinte westdeutsch-dänische Land-, Luft-, und Seestreitkräfte würden die Ostseeausgänge vor einem sowjetischen, polnischen, ostdeutschen Angriff verteidigen. Die Streitkräfte der sozialistischen Ostseestaaten würden auf der Kimbrischen Halbinsel vorstoßen sowie Landungskräfte gegen die dänischen Inseln einsetzen und damit die Flanken der Hauptoffensive in Zentraleuropa abdecken und die Sowjetische Ostseeflotte würde den Sprung in die Nordsee ermöglichen. Auf Basis genau dieser Annahme führten beide Seiten im Ost-West-Konflikt über Jahrzehnte ihre militärischen Übungen durch. Umso wichtiger gestalteten sich die Vorbereitungen, die bereits zu Friedenszeiten ergriffen werden konnten. Dieser Artikel fokussiert vor allem auf die westliche Seite und ihre Verteidigung des dänischen Raumes. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden dabei die folgenden Faktoren: Verstärkungen, Ausbau militärischer Strukturen, nachrichtendienstliche Tätigkeit, Kernwaffen und Zivilverteidigung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the local and regional contexts surrounding the creation and evolution of the Police Mobile Unit (PMU), Bechuanaland's (Botswana today) paramilitary unit that was created in 1963 to contain internal riots. After Botswana's independence in 1966, the PMU acted as a quasi-military because the country had no armed force to preform those duties. This was because from the mid-1960s, Southern Africa was marred with bloodshed due to armed struggles in Rhodesia, South Africa among others. Botswana then became a safe haven for fleeing guerrillas who would enter the country illegally. Being the only line of defence, the PMU was quickly militarised and tasked with patrolling Botswana's borders in order to arrest those guerrillas and possibly avoid being attacked by security forces of both Rhodesia and South Africa. This however did not work as planned because the PMU was simply too small and ill equipped for the task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open space and parks in urban and urban-proximate areas provide vital social, economic, and health benefits to people and communities. Specific benefits include offering opportunities for people to connect with nature, improving air quality, supporting wildlife habitat, and improving community identity and attachment. Management and maintenance of these areas can be expensive and challenging, particularly when multiple agencies oversee different components of the same resource. In the Salt Lake Valley in Utah, the Jordan River Parkway (JRP) and the Bonneville Shoreline Trail (BST) provide recreation opportunities to local citizens. Multiple agencies and private land owners are charged with managing elements of each entity, resulting in inconsistent application of management plans including patrols and maintenance. Subsequently, there are aspects of these outdoor recreation spaces that need increased support, maintenance, and overall stewardship. In 2015, the Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism at the University of Utah and the National Park Service's Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program (RTCA) created the Wasatch Front Urban Ranger Program (WFURP), a trail ambassador program featuring student volunteers from the University of Utah. Each Urban Ranger has three primary duties: public engagement, performing light maintenance, and collecting data on various aspects of trail use. During daily patrols, Rangers inform the public of land management issues and direct them to appropriate resources. They perform trail maintenance, including removing litter, cleaning dog waste, and plucking noxious weeds. They collect data about visitor use and conditions in each area, and regularly report the data to respective management agencies and/or law enforcement and health officials. Rangers recruit a student volunteer for each patrol, which helps increase engagement and enhance knowledge about public lands issues among University students. The program is funded through a number of small grants and the majority of the funding supports a graduate student to coordinate the program. Program partners include the National Park Service (NPS), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Jordan River Commission (JRC), and Utah Department of Natural Resources (DNR). Support from additional local and national agencies help train the Rangers, including personnel the Salt Lake City Open Space District, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the USDA Forest Service (USFS), and local law enforcement agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of police body-worn cameras (BWCs) is likely inevitable. This technology has significant implications for police-community relations, enhanced trust and transparency, and complaint investigation. Little is known about officer, or supervisor, attitudes toward BWCs. These dimensions are critical as officer investment and agency policy influence BWC usage and effectiveness. This research uses a mixed-method approach, pairing officer surveys with focus groups of patrol officers and focus groups of supervisors. University police officers participated in the survey using a census approach with near full participation. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected pre- and post-implementation to address attitudinal changes toward BWCs. Results indicate officer and supervisor support for BWCs. Many of the concerns that officers raised in the pretest, including fear of negative evaluations, internal investigations, and technology issues, were not realized. Connecting officer and supervisor perspectives provides guidance for agencies considering adoption and/or implementation of BWCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current sign-in methods of patrolling security guards mainly comprise signature, image identification, and fingerprint identification; notably, none of these methods indicate the physical and mental conditions of such guards. In particular, when patrolling security guards perform their duties consecutively for a long period of time, adequate attention should be directed toward their levels of mental fatigue. When a handwriting sign-in system is adopted, security guards may not record their sign-in time accurately, or they may fake signatures during long shifts. In addition, image identification systems cannot comprehensively reflect the physical and mental statuses of on-duty security guards, particularly their levels of fatigue. Monitor fatigue in patrolling security guards is important to avoid burnout and stress in the workplace. Therefore, in this study, a patrolling sign-in system that integrates physiological signals and images was designed. A thermometer, hand dynamometer, and electromyography sensor were combined to measure physiological signals. Results showed that hand grip strength and the median frequency of electromyography signals gradually reduced when muscle fatigue occurred. The system determined whether a security guard had signed in punctually and whether this person should stay on duty. Overall, this system was verified to operate effectively, and it is therefore applicable for monitoring the sign-in of patrolling security guards who work long shifts. This case series study proposed a conceptual prototype of the system; large-scale testing should be performed in subsequent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the plan by the U.S. military to use civilian contractors in aerial intelligence, reconnaisance, surveillance, and target acquisition activities. Topics include the plan by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to increase combat air patrol (CAP) operations using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), the proposed use of said contractors due to shortage of trained military staff, and the explanation of Air Force Chief of Staff General Mark A. Welsh on the plan.

Law enforcement efforts related to patrol routes may be sufficiently supporting forest protection around the world. However, the adequacy of patrol efforts of stable patrol routes, with regard to illegal activities on conservation at the local level, has infrequently been explored in the past time. This study is to compare the highest qualification of current threats to conservation in protected areas (PAs) of both Nam Tien and Hon Can forest stations (FSs) which belongs to Pu Hu and Xuan Lien Nature Reserves (NRs). A total of eleven-track was explored using a conventional patrol performance. Typically, forest rangers have established the permanent GPS-tracks through the areas with the highest potential of negative effects of conservation in the sub-area forest because of recording and preventing effective illegal activities. As a result, patrol-hours of patrolling routes in both sides were correlated to illegal activity encounters and the number of staff. In contrast, the number of illegal activity in Nam Tien FS was correlated with patrol-distance. It is concluded that forest management should not only consider on the number of staff, but also patrol-hours could be one of a specific indicator of working field in the short- term period of adaptive patrol in the sustainable conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Abnormal and stereotypic behaviors in horses have been widely studied around the world and different epidemiological situations have been described for behavioral disturbances. Objective: To determine the frequency of abnormal and stereotypic behaviors in a population of police patrolling horses. Additionally, to establish chronic stress levels in the population of interest. Methods: Twenty police horses were evaluated. The animals went through 48 hours of continuous observation to record the frequency of normal, abnormal, and stereotypic behaviors. Cortisol index (CI) was calculated for all the subjects. Results: A 65% of the horses expressed behavioral disturbances, with 55% corresponding to stereotypies. The abnormal behaviors consisted on wood chewing, pawing, and bed eating. Stereotypic behaviors were weaving, stall walking, and aerophagia (crib-biting or wind sucking). According to the CI, 13 horses were under chronic stress (CI<0.30). Conclusion: High level of chronic stress, expressed as abnormal and stereotypic behaviors, was observed in the horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to examine the ergonomic aspects of the design of the Tactical Commander Console (TACCO) in the virtual environment of medium-range twin-engine - Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA). The analysis was conducted using Jack 6.0 software. The evaluation method used in this study is the Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) method that integrates the results of analysis from three methods: Lower Back Analysis (LBA), Ovako Working Posture Analysis (OWAS), and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the actual design of TACCO and to identify the most ergonomic design configuration, which is reviewed according to the distance and tilt angle of the control panel and the height of the chair. The results of this study show that the optimal ergonomic design for TACCO is as follows: panel at a distance of 10 cm, tilt angle of 60°, and a chair height of 29.5 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology is the property of Beijing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)