Search

We evaluated the patterns of genetic variation of 16 Colchicum species, including 37 different genotypes, using RAPD marker and trnL–trnF chloroplast DNA sequence. A total of 861 polymorphic alleles through RAPDs showed a mean of 33.88 ± 3.80 alleles per primer, while mean major allele frequency was 0.067 ± 0.05. The sequence length of trnL–trnF ranged from 1022 bp to 1081 bp. The phylogenetic tree was constructed to understand the relationship between Colchicum species and the discrimination power of the nuclear and chloroplast genome for species. The results showed that trnL–trnF gene region grouped Colchicum species well in comparison with RAPD analysis. This data was also supported by haplotype network analysis, structure analysis and PCA (Principle Component Analysis). This study showed that there is a need for a characterization that contains more molecular and morphological methods to correctly distinguish Colchicum species.

Colchicum speciosum Steven species is a perennial stemless plant. C. speciosum is a flowering herb native to mountainous regions of northern Turkey, the Caucasus, and northern Iran. It has been known as "Vargit, Aci cigdem, Guz cigdemi". The present study reports the antimicrobial, antioxidant, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of corm, leaf and flower methanol extracts, anatomical (light and electron microscopes) properties of root, corm, leaf, flowers and morphological characteristics of C. speciosum. Three different part of extracts C. speciosum were evaluated against E. coli ATCC 8739, S. aureus ATCC 6538, B. subtilis ATCC 19,659, C. albicans ATCC 10,231, C. krusei ATCC 14,243, and C. tropicalis ATCC 750. The most effective extract was found to be MeOH extract for corm and leaf against C. tropicalis ATCC 750 strain with MIC value 160 > mu g/mL. It has been investigated first time anatomy of the tepal, ovary, anther, filament of C. speciosum. Leaf extract was the highest phenolic component (78.61842 mu g GAE/mg extract). As a result of DPPH center dot and ABTS(center dot+) tests, it was determined that the leaf extract showed the best activity (IC50 = 6.568 mu g/mL and IC50 = 3.243 mu g/mL, respectively). Corm extract exhibited alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 21039 mu g/mL. This is the first study of the in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic activities, detailed anatomical and morphological properties of C. speciosum. Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu

Bark and wood-boring beetles feeding on coniferous and deciduous trees in different forest ecosystems are often associated with various species of fungi. In 2019, widespread attacks of Liparthrum colchicum Semenov (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae) were observed on Laurus nobilis L. in Tuscany (Italy). Samples of colonized terminal twigs were collected to investigate the presence of phytopathogenic fungi associated with the scolytid. Two different colonies of the Geosmithia genus were identified as Geosmithia pallida and Geosmithia langdonii. To our knowledge this is the first report of G.pallida and G. langdonii associated with L. colchicum on Bay tree, in Italy.

Introduction: Arthritis (Wajaul Mafasil) is a condition which is growing worldwide due to lifestyle, environmental and genetic factors. In Unani literature, there are many herbs which are praised for treatment of Arthritis. So polyherbal formulation contains Ginger, Colchicum and Nux- Vomica is taken in combination for arthritis study. This combination is not previously reported but used by unani practitioners. Method: Three crude herbs (Ginger, Colchicum and Nux vomica) were extracted out in both aqueous and hydro-alcoholic solvent. LD-50 of all extracts (aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extract) was determined. Now respective extracts were mixed in effective dose ratio to obtain aqueous and hydro-alcoholic dosage form. Finally both effective combinations (aqueous and hydro-alcoholic) convert into tablet dosage form to determine its anti-arthritic activity by Carrageenan Induced Oedema Test, Cotton Pellet Induced Granuloma Test and Freund’s adjuvant Induced Arthritis Test. The efficacy of the Unani formulation was compared with reference drug (Diclofenac sodium). Result and Discussion: in Carrageenan Oedema Test, animals in high dose hydro-alcoholic, shows decrease in paw volume significantly after 3 hours of Carrageenan injection. In Cotton Pellet Induced Granuloma Test, animals in high dose hydro-alcoholic, shows reduction in granuloma formation significantly. In Freund’s Adjuvant Induced Arthritis Test, The significant reduction in paw volume was found in high dose hydro-alcoholic. Conclusion: Conclusively this study establishes anti-arthritic potential of polyherbal extract in unani literature. Thus these drugs possess synergistic anti-arthritic potential in combination against acute, sub-acute as well as chronic arthritis. So in future compatible dosages form may be prepared for treating arthritis.

Xylosandrus compactus and Liparthrum colchicum are two Scolytinae recorded for the first time in Italy in 2011 and 2019, respectively. X. compactus is an “ambrosia beetle” causing damages to several plants typical of the Mediterranean maquis through its digging activity on twigs and branches of the host plants. L. colchicum is a “bark beetle”, monophagous on laurel shrubs and trees. During a survey performed in summer of 2020, in “Tenuta Salviati” located in the Migliarino Natural Park (Pisa, Tuscany), adults of X. compactus and L. colchicum were collected from the same branches and apical twigs of Laurus nobilis hedges. The study aimed at characterizing fungi isolated from the external surface of the two scolytids bodies, to evaluate similarities and even their role in fungal spreading in the environment.

An alkenal double-bond reductase enzyme (CaDBR1) was cloned from Colchicum autumnale L. The encoded enzyme catalysed 4-coumaraldehyde to 4-hydroxydihydrocinnamaldehyde (4-HDCA). Its functional characterization increased the understanding of colchicine biosynthesis. As a traditional medical plant, Colchicum autumnale L. is famous for producing colchicine, a widely used drug for alleviating gout attacks. The biosynthetic pathway of colchicine was revealed most recently, and 4-hydroxydihydrocinnamaldehyde (4-HDCA) has been verified as a crucial intermediate derived from L-phenylalanine. However, the functional gene that catalyses the formation of 4-HDCA remains controversial. In this study, the alkenal double-bond reductase (DBR) gene member CaDBR1 was cloned and characterized from C. autumnale. Bioinformatics analysis predicted and characterized the basic physicochemical properties of CaDBR1. Recombinant CaDBR1 protein was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by a Ni-NTA column. In vitro enzyme assays indicated that CaDBR1 could catalyse 4-coumaraldehyde to form 4-HDCA but could not generate 4-HDCA by taking cinnamaldehyde as a substrate. Stable transformation into tobacco BY-2 cells revealed that CaDBR1 localized in the cytoplasm, and tissue-specific expression results showed that CaDBR1 had the highest expression in bulbs. All these results verify and confirm the participation and contribution of CaDBR1 in the biosynthesis pathway of 4-HDCA and colchicine alkaloids in C. autumnale.

The appearance of Meadow saffron (Colchicum autumnale), which contains colchicine, closely resembles Alpine leek (Allium victorialis), a popular edible wild vegetable in Northern Japan. This often results in the accidental ingestion of Meadow saffron and acute colchicine poisoning deaths. Here, we report on a case of acute colchicine poisoning death caused by the accidental ingestion of Meadow saffron. A man in his 70 s had been given wild vegetables from his neighborhood, which were then cooked and eaten by himself and his wife. Several hours later, they suffered from abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. They immediately went to the hospital and received routine treatment. While his wife made a full recovery, he died at home two days after consumption of the vegetables. A forensic autopsy was conducted five days after ingestion of the Meadow saffron and a lethal concentration (21.5 ng/mL) of colchicine in the peripheral blood sample was detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Distribution of colchicine in body fluids, tissues and gastrointestinal contents was also investigated. Some of the plants he had eaten were identified as Alpine leek or Meadow saffron by genetic analysis of his stomach contents. Histopathological examination showed apoptotic cells and cell cycle arrest at the metaphase in the intestinal crypts and testis. In addition, we detected high concentrations of endotoxins and tumor necrosis factor-α in his blood, indicating that intestinal mucosal injury induced by colchicine poisoning had allowed endotoxins to invade the body, causing death by endotoxin shock.

Colchicum calcedonicum Azn, pek çok endemik bitki türünün görüldüğü Türkiye'de yayılış gösteren endemik türlerden biridir. Toprak altında uzun-oval şekilli soğanı ile genellikle 3-4 yapraklıdır. Kallus kültürü kullanarak endemik türlerin in vitro üretimi, bu türlerin korunmasında umut verici bir çalışma haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, in vitro C. chalcedonicum üretimi için verimli kallus protokolünün oluşturulabilmesidir. Explantların sterilizasyonunda, 20 dk %0.25 (w/v) cıva klorür (HgCl2) kullanılmıştır. Cıva klorüre ilaveten, yüzey sterilizasyonunda 30 dk boyunca Tween 80, %6,5 NaCl ile birlikte kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 19 farklı besiyeri kullanılmış olup primer kallus oluşumu 2,4-D (2 mg L-1), 2IP (0,5 mg L-1), %3 sükroz ve %0,05 aktif karbon içeren Murashige & Skoog bazal besiyerinde elde edilmiştir. Çalışmamız, aktif karbon kullanımının primer kallus oluşumunda etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, C. chalcedonicum’un primer kallus oluşumu için ilk rapordur. Bununla birlikte, çalışmamız endemik tür olan C. chalcedonicum'un in vitro korunması ve kallus oluşum protokolünün geliştirilmesinde öncü bir çalışmadır., Colchicum calcedonicum Azn is one of the endemic species distributed in Turkey, where many endemic plant species occur. It has long-oval shaped corm under the soil, and usually 3-4 leaves on it. In vitro production of endemic species using callus culture has become promising study for conservation. The aim of this study is to generate an efficient callus protocol for in vitro production of C. chalcedonicum. To sterilize the explants, 0.25% (w/v) mercuric chloride (HgCl2) was used for 20 min. In addition to mercuric chloride, surface sterilization was conducted by using 6.5% NaCl with Tween 80 for 30 min. We used 19 different mediums and the primary callus formation was obtained in Murashige & Skoog’s basal medium (MS) supplemented with 2,4-D (2 mg L-1), 2IP (0.5 mg L-1), 3% sucrose and 0.05% active carbon. Our study demonstrated the active carbon usage was effective for the primary callus formation. This study is the first report for primary callus formation of C. chalcedonicum. However, our work is a pioneering study to improve callus formation protocol system for in vitro conservation of endemic species C. chalcedonicum.

Colchicine poisoning is a life-threatening intoxication.We report a case of food poisosing with Colchicum autumnale by confusion with wild garlic. The clinical presentation is the same as that of colchicine drug intoxication. The evolution can be fatal in case of massive ingestion. The proximity of the place of growth and their similar appearance in spring make Colchicum and wild garlic plants that can easily be confused.Physicians have to be vigilant in case of dysenteric syndrome and biological disturbances in spring and look for the consumption of perennial plant preceding symptoms.

Colchicum belongs to the Colchicaceae family and is naturally distributed in Turkey with 36 taxa. Colchicum species is known for both its medicinal aromatic and ornamental properties. In this study, Colchicum cilicium corms were cultured on RO medium including different dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4- D) concentrations (2,3,4 mgL-1) for in vitro regeneration and developing somatic embryogenesis protocol. Swelling of the corm explants, efficient embryogenic callus and somatic embryo were obtained at RO medium including 4 mgL-1 2,4-D (30%). Embryogenic structures were histologically analyzed and globular, heart-like shape, torpedo stages were identified. Microcorm formation was obtained from the media with 2 mgL-1 2,4-D + 0.05 mgL-1 2iP as (81%) and germination of these microcorm were limited. Somatic embryos were encapsulated for germination and the highest germination rate was detected at 3% Na Alginate including RO medium+ 4mgL-1 2,4-D as 27.8%. Colchicum Colchicaceae familyasına aittir ve Türkiye’de 36 tür ile doğal olarak yayılış göstermektedir. Colchicum türleri hem tıbbi aromatic bitki hem de süs bitkisi olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada Colchicum cilicium kormları farklı dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4- D) konsantrasyonları içeren (2,3,4 mgL-1) RO besi yerinde in vitro rejenerasyon ve somatic embriyogenesis protokolü geliştirmek için kültüre alınmıştır. Korm eksplantlarının şişmesi, etkili kallus oluşumu ve somatic embriyolar 4 mgL-1 2,4-D içeren RO besi yerinde gözlemlenmiştir (30%). Embriyojenik yapılar histolojik olarak analiz edilmiş, globular aşama, kalp benzeri aşama ve torpedo aşaması tanımlanmıştır. Mikro korm oluşumları 2 mgL-1 2,4-D + 0.05 mgL-1 2iP içeren besi yerinde gözlenmiştir (%81)ve mikrokormların çimlenmesi sınırlı kalmıştır. Somatik embriyoların çimlenmesi için enkapsülasyon yapılmıştır ve en yüksek çimlenme oranı 3% Na Alginate RO + 4mgL-1 2,4-D içeren besi yerinde 27% olarak belirlenmiştir.

Background and Objective. 5-Fluorouracil is one of the most common chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of solid tumors. 5-Fluorouracil-associated cardiotoxicity is the second cause of cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs after anthracyclines. Colchicine is a strong anti-inflammatory drug used to prevent and treat acute gout and treat familial Mediterranean fever. And also, its protective effects on cardiovascular disease have been reported in various studies. The current study is aimed at appraising the effect of colchicine on 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Methods. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: control, 5-fluorouracil, colchicine (5 mg/kg), and 5-fluorouracil+5 mg/kg colchicine. Cardiotoxicity was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 5-fluorouracil (100 mg/kg). The control group received normal saline, and the treatment groups received colchicine with an intraperitoneal injection for 14 days. Findings. 5-Fluorouracil resulted in significant cardiotoxicity represented by an increase in cardiac enzymes, malondialdehyde levels, cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression, cardiac enzymes, and histopathological degenerations. 5-Fluorouracil treatment also decreased body weight, total antioxidant capacity and catalase values, blood cells, and hemoglobin levels. In addition, 5-fluorouracil disrupted electrocardiographic parameters, including increased elevation in the ST segment and increased QRS duration. Treatment with colchicine reduced oxidative stress, cardiac enzymes, histopathological degenerations, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in cardiac tissue, improved electrocardiographic disorders, and enhanced the number of blood cells and total antioxidant capacity levels. Moreover, body weight loss was hampered after treatment with colchicine. Our results demonstrated that treatment with colchicine significantly improved cardiotoxicity induced by 5-fluorouracil in rats.

Colchicine (1) is a bioactive plant alkaloid from Colchicum and Gloriosa species that is used as a pharmaceutical treatment for inflammatory diseases, including gouty arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever. The activity of this alkaloid is attributed to its ability to bind tubulin dimers and inhibit microtubule assembly, which not only promotes anti-inflammatory effects, but also makes colchicine a potent mitotic poison. The biochemical origins of colchicine biosynthesis have been investigated for over 50 years, but only recently has the underlying enzymatic machinery become clear. Here, we report the discovery of multiple pathway enzymes from Gloriosa superba that allows for the reconstitution of a complete metabolic route to 1. This includes three enzymes that process a previously established tropolone-containing intermediate into 1 via tailoring of the nitrogen atom. We further demonstrate the total biosynthesis of enantiopure (-)-1 from primary metabolites via heterologous production in a model plant, thus enabling future efforts for the metabolic engineering of this medicinal alkaloid. Additionally, our results provide insight into the timing and tissue specificity for the late stage modifications required in colchicine biosynthesis, which are likely connected to the biological functions for this class of medicinal alkaloids in native producing plants.

BACKGROUND Extensively used grasslands are frequently utilised for hay production for equines. Especially, extensive meadows have a great variety of plant species, which may include plants that are poisonous for equines such as meadow saffron (Colchicum autumnale L.). To authors' knowledge investigations about horses` avoidance behaviour towards dried meadow saffron in hay are missing. Reports of farmers are contrary to clinical symptoms described in case reports and associated with meadow saffron in hay. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the rejection behaviour of horses for hay contaminated with meadow saffron (MS) when fed ad libitum. STUDY DESIGN An 18-day feeding trial with six adult geldings to observe the rejection behaviour for hay contaminated with MS. METHODS The horses were fed a basal diet containing hay ad libitum and a mineral supplement during the feeding trial. At six different daytimes, hay contaminated with 1% or 2% dried MS was provided to the horses over a duration of 1 h. The rejection behaviour was observed personally and by video recordings. If a horse ingested more than two plants of MS during one observation period, the observation was stopped and repeated at another day. When the observation period had to be stopped twice, the horse was excluded from the experiment. RESULTS Five of six horses ingested MS during the first feeding periods. One horse rejected leaves and capsules at the beginning of the study, but it showed repeated ingestion of MS after the seventh observation period. MAIN LIMITATIONS Lack of knowledge about secondary plant metabolites affecting taste and their variability between fresh and dried plants. CONCLUSIONS The intake of MS in hay by horses could not be ruled out with certainty. Therefore, feeding hay contaminated with MS should be avoided for equids.

The present study aimed to research the cytotoxic effects of Colchicum baytopiorum extract on normal and cancerous cells and reveal the cell death mechanisms in cancerous cells triggered by this effect.Within this framework, the cells' index values obtained with an xCELLigence Real Time Cell Analysis DP device, selectivity index (SI), apoptotic index (AI) based on a DAPI application and time-related activities of caspase 3,7 and 9 with a spectrofluorometer were inspected. The expressions of apoptosis/autophagy/entosis/necroptosis/anoikis-related genes were researched with qRT-PCR.It was determined that C. baytopiorum extract had displayed a high selectivity [(SI)=4], increased AI (p0.01) and activation of caspases 3,7 and 9 (p0.05). It was observed that the mRNA expressions of Atg12, Atg16, Atg5, Atg7, bad, bak, bax, bcl-xL, Beclin1, caspase3, FLIP, Puma, LC3, mcl-1, Bit1, Rho, RIP1, ROCK and TRAF2 genes in C-4 I cells to which the plant extract was applied had increased significantly in comparison with the control group (FC≥1.5). A lowering was detected in the mRNA levels of IAP, SRC kinase and TNF.Consequently, it was revealed that the plant extract used had increased the gene expressions in the autophagic cell death pathway in C-4 I cells along with apoptosis and thus, it could be a promising candidate for cervix carcinoma treatment.

This study is aimed at determining the characteristics and microbiota of soil upon which some Turkish Colchicum (Colchicaceae) species naturally grows. For this aim the rhizosphere soil samples of Colchicum balansae Planch., Colchicum triphyllum Kunze and Colchicum variegatum L. were analysed in this research. The carbon mineralization rate of C. balansae soil at p, Bu çalışma, bazı Colchicum L. (Colchicaceae) türlerinin doğal olarak yetiştiği toprağın özelliklerini ve mikrobiyotasını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç ile Colchicum balansae Planch., Colchicum triphyllum Kunze ve Colchicum variegatum L.'nin rizosfer toprak örnekleri analiz edilmiştir. Colchicum balansae toprağının karbon mineralizasyon oranı diğer iki toprağınkinden önemli ölçüde farklıdır (p

Background: Colchicum is a genus of the Colchicaceae family with various isolated compounds, especially tropolone alkaloids and flavonoids, which are used for osteoarthritis, gout, cancer, inflammatory diseases, jaundice, and sexual impotence in different societies. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical and physicochemical properties and anti-inflammatory activities of three Colchicum species. Methods: Total tropolone alkaloid, total phenolic/total tannin, and total flavonoid contents were determined using acidic potassium dichromate, Folin-Ciocalteu, and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Moreover, the HPLC method was used for identification and quantitation purposes of tropolone alkaloids. Physicochemical properties of three Colchicum species, including macroscopic and organoleptic properties, solubility, foreign matter, ash values, and heavy metal contents, were evaluated. Besides, in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of the corms also were determined using the protein denaturation technique as a rapid screening method. Results: The highest levels of tropolone alkaloid, phenolic compounds, tannins, and flavonoids were observed in C. autumnale, C. speciosum, and C. robustum, respectively. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of colchicine, demecolcine, 2-demethyl colchicine, 3-demethyl colchicine, colchicoside, colchifoline, cornigerine, and N-deacetyl-N-formyl colchicine in these Colchicum species. The physicochemical properties of C. speciosum and C. robustum corms are appropriate compared to the standard Colchicum autumnale corm. Moreover, all Colchicum species exhibited high anti-inflammatory activities compared to standard drugs. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the corm of the Colchicum species contained similar main compounds with different amounts, as well as appropriate physicochemical properties. Moreover, the valuable biological effects of these plants stimulate the cultivations on a large scale.

Background: Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory agent used for preventing familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) attacks and amyloidosis. A significant number of patients are non-responsive or intolerant to the domestic drug colchicum dispert. Aims: To compare the efficacy and side effects of colchicum dispert and colchicine opocalcium in children with FMF. Study Design: A total of 29 children with FMF who used colchicum dispert for at least 6 months initially and colchicine opocalcium for another consecutive 6 months were included. Sex and gender equity in research was considered. Clinical features, visual analog scale for pain scores, exercise-induced leg pain, and FMF severity scores with laboratory parameters were evaluated for both the treatment periods. Bristol stool chart and number of stools per 24 hours were recorded to compare the gastrointestinal side effects. Methods: A total of 29 children with FMF who used colchicum dispert for at least 6 months initially and colchicine opocalcium for another consecutive 6 months were included. Sex and gender equity in research was considered. Clinical features, visual analog scale for pain scores, exercise-induced leg pain, and FMF severity scores with laboratory parameters were evaluated for both the treatment periods. Bristol stool chart and number of stools per 24 hours were recorded to compare the gastrointestinal side effects. Results: The major indication was non-responsiveness in 18 patients (62%) and intolerance in 11 patients (38%). Usage of colchicine opocalcium (significantly higher dosage than colchicum dispert) showed statistically significant beneficial effects on the number and duration of attacks, visual analog scale for pain, exercise-induced leg pain scores, and FMF severity scores (p

The study seeks to identify Colchicum species characterizing the morphological traits and to group the characters into species-specific clusters using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Fifty-two Colchicum L. species, 25 of which are endemic, were characterized with important 36 morphological traits (21 for flower, 11 for leaf, 2 for corm and 2 for capsule). As a result of the morphological measurements, Colchicum technical certificate based on UPOV (The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) was prepared and colour catalogue was created based on flowering time, perigon segments, perigon tube, anther, leaf, corm and capsule characters indicating the vast morphological differences among Colchicum species representing Turkish Flora. After the evaluation of measurements by PCA based on 36 morphological variables, it was observed that there is a clear separation between species according to their flowering time (spring, summer, autumn, late-autumn and winter) that can serve as a useful characterization feature to distinguish Colcicum species. Also, some characters, especially, perigon tube structure, perigon segments surface, perigon tube diameter, flower number, leaf number, leaf hairness, leaf surface, leaf shape were assigned as strong criterion to determine the Colchicum species.

In this study, we retrospectively included all adult patients with a history of accidentalOver the study period of 20 years, 16 adult patients were admitted to the University Medical Centre Ljubljana due to acute colchicine poisoning after ingestion ofIn unexplained gastroenterocolitis after ingestion of wild plants as a salad or spice in the spring, especially when wild garlic is mentioned, we should always consider

Alkaloids represent a major group of natural products (NPs), derived from highly diverse organisms. These structurally varied specialized metabolites are widely used for medicinal purposes and also known as toxic contaminants in agriculture and dietary supplements. While the detection of alkaloids is generally facilitated by GC- or LC-MS, these techniques do require considerable efforts in sample preparation and method optimization. Bypassing these limitations and also reducing experimental time, matrix-free laser desorption ionization (LDI) and related methods may provide an interesting alternative. As many alkaloids show close structural similarities to matrices used in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), they should ionize upon simple laser irradiation without matrix support. With this in mind, the current work presents a systematic evaluation of LDI properties of a wide range of structurally diverse alkaloids. Facilitating a direct comparison between LDI and ESI-MS fragmentation, all tested compounds were further studied by electrospray ionization (ESI). Moreover, crude plant extracts of Atropa belladonna, Cinchona succirubra, and Colchicum autumnale were analyzed by LDI in order to evaluate direct alkaloid detection and dereplication from complex mixtures. Finally, dose-dependent evaluation of MALDI and LDI detection using an extract of Rosmarinus officinalis spiked with atropine, colchicine, or quinine was conducted. Overall, present results suggest that LDI provides a versatile analytical tool for analyzing structurally diverse alkaloids as single compounds and from complex mixtures. It may further serve various potential applications ranging from quality control to the screening for toxic compounds as well as the build up of MS databases. Graphical abstract.

Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale L.) is a medicinal plant as it contains high concentrations of colchicine. In this study, we reported that the ground powder of autumn crocus bulb is highly toxic to invasive Solenopsis invicta Buren, commonly referred to as red imported fire ants (RIFAs). Ants fed with sugar water containing 5000 mg/L of bulb powder showed 54.67% mortality in three days compared to 45.33% mortality when fed with sugar water containing 50 mg/L of colchicine. Additionally, the effects of short-term feeding with sugar water containing 1 mg/L of colchicine and 100 mg/L of autumn crocus bulb powder were evaluated for RIFAs’ colony weight, food consumption, and aggressiveness, i.e., aggregation, grasping ability, and walking speed. After 15 days of feeding, the cumulative colony weight loss reached 44.63% and 58.73% due to the sublethal concentrations of colchicine and autumn crocus bulb powder, respectively. The consumption of sugar water and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) was substantially reduced. The aggregation rates decreased 48.67% and 34.67%, grasping rates were reduced to 38.67% and 16.67%, and walking speed decreased 1.13 cm/s and 0.67 cm/s as a result of the feeding of the two sublethal concentrations of colchicine and autumn crocus bulb powder, respectively. Our results for the first time show that powder derived from autumn crocus bulbs could potentially be a botanical pesticide for controlling RIFAs, and application of such a product could be ecologically benign due to its rapid biodegradation in the environment.

Hyalomma spp. is responsible for the transmission of protozoan, bacterial, rickettsial, and viral diseases and causes huge economic loss to the livestock industry.Recently, there is a wide number of promising attempts to evaluate and use herbal preparations for ticks control.This study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Colchicum autumnale (C. autumnale) rhizome and leaf against the Hyalomma spp. in vitro. The acaricidal activities of the Colchicum leaf aqueous (CLA), Colchicum leaf ethanolic (CLE), Colchicum rhizome aqueous (CRA), and Colchicum rhizome ethanolic (CRE) extracts were evaluated at concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg/ml and controls (distilled water and Cypermethrin) following 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 h of exposure. It is worth mentioning that the spraying method was used in these experiments. Data were analyzed through GraphPad Prism 5 software. In addition, the chemical composition of aqueous leaf extract was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCamp;ndash;MS). The carbamodithioic acid (30.04%) was the major chemical constituent identified. Based on the results, CLA, CLE, CRA, and CRE extracts had an acaricidal effect; however, this effect was more potent in CLE. The CLE extract showed a 100% mortality rate at 50, 100, and 150 mg/ml concentrations and 1 h of exposure. The effectiveness of CRA on the Hyalomma spp. was very low. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values were obtained at 100 mg/ml. The results indicated that C. autumnaleleaves contained potent acaricidal ingredients and might provide new acaricidal compounds for the effective control of Hyalomma spp. However, further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of C. autumnale in vivo.

TEZ13222 Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2020. Kaynakça (s. 45-51) var. XVII, 53 s. :_res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ;_29 cm. Colchicum cinsi içerisine giren türlerin kormları ve tohumları yüzyıllardır geleneksel tedavi yöntemlerinde; astım, dizanteri, romatizmaya karşı kullanılmaktadır. Günümüz modern tıbbında ise Colchicum yumru ve tohumları kolşisinoidler olarak adlandırılan terapötik aktif alkaloid kaynağı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kolşisin Colchicum cinsi içerisine giren tüm türlerden elde edilen başlıca alkoloid türevidir. Son yıllarda farklı renkleri, tek ya da çoklu çiçek yapısına sahip farklı formlarının bulunması, acı çiğdemin süs bitkisi olarak kullanımını ön plana çıkarmaktadır, ancak türlerin yeni keşfediliyor olması çeşit geliştirme çalışmalarını geciktirmektedir Bu tez çalışmasında C. szovitsii, C. serpentinum ve C. figlalii türlerinde, yumru eksplantları kullanılarak doku kültürü ile embriyojenik yapıların oluşumu incelenmiştir. Embriyojenik yapıların elde edilmesi için farklı konsantrasyon ve kombinasyonlarda NAA, 2,4-D ve 2-iP içeren 6 farklı protokol denenmiştir. Bu protokollerin hepsinde embriyojenik yapı gözlemlenmiştir. En yüksek embriyojenik yapı oranı ise 2mg/l 2,4-D içeren ortamlarda %59 oranında gözlemlenmiştir. Elde edilen embriyojenik yapılar mikroskop altında gözlemlenmiş ve gelişim aşamalarına ait farklılılar incelenmiştir. Çalışmada embriyojenik yapı oluşumu dışında bitkicik oluşumu da gözlemlenmiştir. For centuries, the traditional treatment methods of the korms and seeds of the species that fall into the genus Colchicum; It has been used against asthma, dysentery, rheumatism. In modern medicine, Colchicum tubers and seeds are used as a therapeutic active alkaloid source called colchicinoids. Colchicine is the main alkaloid derivative obtained from all species in Colchicum genus. In recent years, the existence of different colors, different forms with single or multiple flower structures highlight the use of bitter crocus as an ornamental plant, but the new discovery of species delays cultivation development. 6 different protocols with different concentrations and combinations including NAA, 2,4-D and 2-iP were tried to obtain embryogenic structures. Embryogenic structure was observed in all of these protocols. The highest embryogenic structure rate was observed in environments containing 2,4-D and 2-iP. The embryogenic structures obtained were observed under the microscope and the differences in the stages of development were examined. Apart from embryogenic structure formation, vegetation formation was also observed in the study. Bu Çalışma TUBİTAK Tarafından Desteklenmiştir.. Proje no: 1160215.