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This paper introduces the "NEBULA101 - Neuro-behavioural Understanding of Language Aptitude" dataset, which comprises behavioural and brain imaging data from 101 healthy adults to examine individual differences in language and cognition. Human language, a multifaceted behaviour, varies significantly among individuals, at different processing levels. Recent advances in cognitive science have embraced an integrated approach, combining behavioural and brain studies to explore these differences comprehensively. The NEBULA101 dataset offers brain structural, diffusion-weighted, task-based and resting-state MRI data, alongside extensive linguistic and non-linguistic behavioural measures to explore the complex interaction of language and cognition in a highly multilingual sample. By sharing this multimodal dataset, we hope to promote research on the neuroscience of language, cognition and multilingualism, enabling the field to deepen its understanding of the multivariate panorama of individual differences and ultimately contributing to open science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans rarely speak without producing co-speech gestures of the hands, head, and other parts of the body. Co-speech gestures are also highly restricted in how they are timed with speech, typically synchronizing with prosodically-prominent syllables. What functional principles underlie this relationship? Here, we examine how the production of co-speech manual gestures influences spatiotemporal patterns of the oral articulators during speech production. We provide novel evidence that words uttered with accompanying co-speech gestures are produced with more extreme tongue and jaw displacement, and that presence of a co-speech gesture contributes to greater temporal stability of oral articulatory movements. This effect–which we term coupling enhancement–differs from stress-based hyperarticulation in that differences in articulatory magnitude are not vowel-specific in their patterning. Speech and gesture synergies therefore constitute an independent variable to consider when modeling the effects of prosodic prominence on articulatory patterns. Our results are consistent with work in language acquisition and speech-motor control suggesting that synchronizing speech to gesture can entrain acoustic prominence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This entry presents cognitive-based strategies, called folds and swaps, communication professionals can use to introduce new concepts to different groups. A novel extension of prototype theory and script theory from cognitive psychology and linguistics, these strategies can help create messages that add, or fold, new ideas, activities, or items into existing processes. Communication professionals can also use these strategies to develop messaging that shifts, or swaps, the location individuals associate with performing different activities. Through an application of folds and swap strategies, communication professionals can help audiences contextualize new approaches to everyday activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the question how descriptive language is used to express legal norms. Sentences we find in legislative acts, i.e. statutes, constitutions and regulations, express legal norms. Linguistically speaking, there are various grammatical and lexical ways of expressing norms, such as imperative mood, modal verbs, deontic verbs, etc. However, norms may also be expressed by descriptive sentences, namely sentences in present or future tense and indicative (declarative) mood (i.e. The minister determines the tax rate). In many civil law countries (including Poland), this is a very common, if not the default, form of expressing norms in legislative texts. Often presented as a legal peculiarity, this phenomenon has yet to draw much academic attention. The normative meaning of descriptive sentences is usually attributed to purely pragmatic factors stemming from our shared assumptions about the legal system. However, a closer look reveals that similar grammatical constructions are ubiquitous in everyday communication and in different languages. We tend to utter various sorts of directives using descriptive sentences (Now we add a spoon of salt to the sauce; credit cards are not accepted). This suggests the possibility for a linguistic (as opposed to exclusively legal) explanation. This paper aims to offer such an explanation. Rather than resorting to formal semantics, so prevalent in legal theory, it borrows from Cognitive Linguistics to reveal the cognitive underpinnings of our surprising tendency to express normativity in descriptive terms. This involves four different, yet complementary, theories. Firstly, the theory of conceptual metaphor by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson which explains the phenomenon in question in terms of the metaphor "ought is is"; with "ought" as the more abstract target domain and "is" as the more concrete, cognitively simpler source domain. Secondly, the theory of speech act metonymy by Panther and Thornburg which presents descriptive legal sentences as referring to various components of the underlying cognitive scenario of obligation. Thirdly, Ronald Langacker's notion of the virtuality of language as the explanation for non-present, including future, perpetual and directive, uses of the present tense. Fourtly, the notion of normative generics which points to the nominal, as opposed to verbal, structure of descriptive legal sentences as the source of their normativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explanations of representation and performance at all levels of language requires an explicit commitment to some contemporary account of cognitive processing. This article describes a biological approach to the mind that is applicable to different levels of language structure including discourse. The Modular Cognition Framework (MCF) provides a basic architecture for researchers to apply: it can function as a starting point for anyone who wishes to contribute their expertise to building a more elaborate psychological account of their own area of human cognition. It draws on much recent theoretical and experimental work and reflects current trends in thinking about cognition. The mind is presented as a collaborative network of functionally specialized systems that interact in an infinite number of ways to solve tasks it is faced with. Any representation that is activated is de facto in working memory. During activation, the mind not only works to solve given tasks: at the same time it builds or adapts current cognitive representations following an Acquisition by-Processing principle. Language engages many or all of the mind’s systems but in all language-related activity it is the conceptual (semantic) system that takes center stage. To some extent, meaningful communication between humans can still be achieved without the engagement of two systems whose specialized functions covers morphosyntactic and phonological structure. However, the engagement of these two does serve to characterizes any ongoing cognitive activity as specifically involving “language.” Although discourse processing does engage coactivation of the morphosyntactic and phonological systems, its core principles are actually enshrined elsewhere in the conceptual system. This means much of the work conducted following constructionist or cognitive linguistics approaches can be reframed as reflecting conceptual principles The MCF aims to facilitate principled, multilevel explanations of language processing, from sentence to discourse and by so doing also provide a vital tool in the interpretation of related brain activity. In this sense it can be described not only as a psychological framework but as a biological one as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The increasing use of eye-tracking techniques in translation studies offers valuable insights into cognitive processes and behavioral strategies of translators, reflecting a significant trend within cognitive linguistics and translator training methodologies. Methods: This review harnesses quantitative bibliometric analysis through Bibliometrix R-package with qualitative content assessment to evaluate the trajectory and thematic evolution of eye-tracking research in translation studies. Through a dataset from the Web of Science, 56 articles were analyzed, revealing distinct thematic dimensions and trend dynamics. Results: The analysis revealed that eye-tracking is increasingly pivotal in exploring the cognitive and technological dimensions of translation. Central themes include interactions with translation tools, machine translation, and human-computer interaction, highlighting the importance of cognitive research in technology-driven translation. Niche areas such as English-Chinese translation and online consultation suggest specialized topics that warrant further investigation. Additionally, emerging themes like cognitive load and sight translation demonstrate a shift toward exploring real-time translation processing. Declining traditional topics, such as broader translation theories, indicate a growing integration of cognitive research with technological advancements. Conclusion: These findings elucidate the growth and diversification of eye-tracking applications in translation studies, emphasizing the method's importance in both academic research and practical applications, thereby informing future studies and enhancing translator training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Multilingual Eye-movement Corpus (MECO; Siegelman et al., 2022) contains data from unbalanced bilinguals reading in their first language (L1) for a variety of languages and in English as their second language (L2). We analyzed word skipping in L2 on the basis of five predictors consisting of the frequency and length of the word in L2 and three measures of individual differences. Besides the L2 proficiency of the participant, two novel measures were also constructed: the average amount of skipping in L1 across participants per language and whether an individual reader skips words often in their L1 compared with other L1 readers in the same language. Word skipping in L2 increased for short and high-frequency words, for participants with higher L2 proficiency, for readers whose L1 featured relatively high average skipping rates compared with the other languages, and especially for participants who skip more often in L1 than their peers. All three individual differences interacted with word length such that their influence was more pronounced for longer words. Our results show that readers prefer to maintain a certain level of word skipping resembling how they read in L1. Due to lower L2 than L1 proficiency in unbalanced bilinguals, word skipping in L2 would often be based on a comparatively less advanced stage in parafoveal word recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review synthesizes the literature (involving 62 empirical studies) regarding the effectiveness of cognitive linguistics‐inspired language pedagogies (CL‐ILPs) on second language (L2) learning. It begins with an overview of the main theoretical tenets of cognitive linguistics followed by a description of the data selection, coding, and analysis. Then, besides noting a sharp increase of research on CL‐ILPs in the past 20 years, the review presents four main findings: (a) While various language features have been taught in CL‐ILPs, the teaching targets of CL‐ILPs have been mainly low‐schematic constructions, such as phrasal verbs and prepositions, but a few recent studies have explored the teaching of clause‐ or sentence‐level structures including conditional clauses, (b) conceptual metaphor, cognitive grammar, construction grammar, and cognitive semantics have been the main guiding cognitive linguistics theories applied in language teaching, and the hallmark teaching practices of CL‐ILPs include the use of technology‐supported or technology‐delivered visuals, schemas, and diagrams; embodied activities; and group and/or pair work, (c) methodologies used in CL‐ILP research have become increasingly sophisticated, and (d) CL‐ILPs have been found to be effective in 93.5% (i.e., 58) of the 62 reviewed studies covering learners of different age groups, first languages, and learning contexts. These findings are discussed to uncover insights concerning CL‐ILP research. Pedagogical implications and future research directions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Did Paul intend for Philemon to manumit Onesimus? This article aims to present evidence in support of a manumissive view of Paul's communicative intent to Philemon. Through a cognitive functional approach to discourse analysis, the sentence comprising vv. 15–16 is proposed to represent the peak of the epistle. Coincidingly, this central statement of the letter is precisely where Paul discusses the enslavement of Onesimus. There, through his linguistic choices, Paul construes emphatic discontinuity in Onesimus's status, resulting in the most salient change in Philemon's mental representation: Onesimus is no longer a slave, but beyond a slave, a beloved brother. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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I adopt Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) as a cognitive linguistic concept in a zoosemiotic framework to study behavioral polymorphic deception in Thaumoctopus Mimicus. This offers new analytical tools to zoosemiotics and may inform and underpin CMT from an evolutionary standpoint. The lack of studies on metaphorical thought in non-human animals, despite urgent calls for more diverse multimodal examples exbodying cross-domain mappings, reveals a strong anthropocentric bias in cognitive linguistics. A comprehensive theory of language, however, should be consistent from a diachronic and phylogenetic angle. The paper addresses how and for what metaphor, as an embodied cognitive phenomenon, may have emerged evolutionarily. It is posited that metaphor could have been present in animals before it became engrained in verbal language. This possibility is particularly relevant if we consider that lexical knowledge is not a prerequisite for metaphoric meaning-making, as the basic claim of CMT. I discuss that findings indicating embodied metaphoric processes in animals provide substantiation for cross-domain mappings as residing in cognitive systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Linguistic Research / Dilbilim Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Bogazici University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Because of the growing popularity of novel forms of narrative, such as flash fiction, this study aims at expanding the parameters of cognitive narratology to encompass the interpretation of these unnatural and anti-mimetic narratives which disrupt the narrative conventions relying on inventive techniques. It adopts cognitive narratology and insights form cognitive linguistics to analyze how the unconventional narrative structures of flash fiction are encoded and decoded. It mainly focuses on how writers of flash fiction use parallel and circular structures to compress idea density and weighty significance into a sparce spatiotemporal scale which is compatible to the limits of cyberspace and decreasing attention span. It interprets the cognitive construction of these innovative structures and analyzes the cognitive processes promoted by reading them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the target concepts of metonymical and metaphorical uses of 'head' in Jordanian Arabic (JA) compared to those used in Tunisian Arabic (TA). Extended conceptual metaphor theory (ECMT) as envisaged by Kövecses (2020, Review of Cognitive Linguistics , 18 , 112–-130) is adopted as the theoretical framework. Data analysis reveals that through metonymic metaphors, the head in JA is used to profile character traits, mental faculty, cultural values and emotions. The head in JA is also capitalized upon to provide explanations of several daily life experiences. The primacy of head in JA was clear in the informants' comprehension of the means by which embodiment provides the grounding for cognition, perception and language, which supports Gibbs' (2014, The Bloomsbury companion to cognitive linguistics , pp. 167–184) 'embodied metaphorical imagination'. Similarities in the cultural model of head between the two dialects were found, yet differences were also detected. In contrast to TA, the head is more productive in JA in profiling character traits and emotions. These differences were attributed to the existence of a cultural filter that has the ability to function between two cultures that belong to one matrix Arab culture and differences in experiential focus between the two examined speech communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews a book titled "The Grammar of Body-Part Expressions. A View from the Americas" edited by Roberto Zariquiey and Pilar M. Valenzuela. The book explores the less-explored grammar of body parts from a rich American perspective, focusing on South American languages with some mention of Mesoamerica and North American languages. The chapters in the book are structured topically, covering categorialization, lexicalization, semantic processes, possessive constructions, and incorporation of body-part terms in various indigenous languages of the Americas. The volume aims to contribute significantly to linguistic typology and cognitive linguistics, offering detailed descriptive accounts and analyses of body-part terms in diverse languages. [Extracted from the article]

Throughout history, menopause has alternatively been framed as either a sin, a type of neurosis, a disease, or a deficiency. Only recently, it has been re-framed under a more positive light as a new beginning, a journey of self-discovery, or a sort of internal zest. Each of these metaphorical conceptualizations of menopause reflects a particular ideology stemming from religious, biomedical, and feminist viewpoints, among others. Women’s talk about menopause, however, has been historically scarce, hidden and silenced by the social taboo surrounding this matter. This has changed in the past few decades, with women openly talking about their menopausal experiences in the media. Adopting a Critical Metaphor Analysis framework, this study investigates contemporary women’s conceptualization of menopause as reflected on the metaphors they use to talk about it. Studies on the metaphors of menopause are scarce and often carried out from a biomedical or sociological (feminist) perspective, the two contexts in which most talk about menopause has traditionally taken place. We analyze a collection of 300 metaphorical expressions stemming from a multi-source corpus of women’s testimonials about their experience, feelings, and thoughts about menopause. The qualitative analysis of the data offers a finegrained portrayal of the metaphorical frames that underlie the discourse of contemporary women about menopause. Through our investigation, we aim to ultimately give the floor on this topic to the real protagonists: those ordinary women who are undergoing a relevant phase of their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I examine the concept of 'gentrification' from its inception to its current varied uses and interpretations. Using the Oxford English Dictionary's third edition illustrative quotations database as a diachronic corpus of English, I employ a corpus-assisted and cognitive linguistics-inspired critical discourse analysis to trace the genealogy of the term within the broader field of related terms. By disentangling the emergence of this ideologically-laden term, the study enhances our understanding of how class-struggle discourse has evolved from the late Middle Ages to the Enlightenment and late-modernity. It is argued that a robust definition of 'gentrification' – which foregrounds the displacement of low-income residents – depends on historicizing the phenomenon, i.e. tracing its roots in concepts, practices and values. • The article traces the genealogy of gentrification , from its origin in related terms to its modern meanings. • It employs a critical discourse analysis, using the OED's illustrative quotations as a diachronic English corpus. • It contextualizes gentrification within class-struggle discourse, as it evolved from the late Middle Ages to today. • It argues for a robust definition of gentrification , emphasizing that displacement is central to its original meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effectiveness of L2 instruction on the learning of English caused-motion constructions (e.g., Jane put the balls into the box, Harry swam Peter to the beach). Korean EFL high school students (N = 156) were randomly assigned to three instructional conditions and one control group. While the metalanguage group relied on explicit uses of grammar jargon, the input flood group read narrative stories in which the instances of a prototypical verb were presented with higher frequency than other verbs. The image-schema group, which adopted a balanced approach to form and meaning attention, studied the core meaning of the target construction. Mixed-effects logistic regressions on Korean-to-English translation tests revealed that the image-schema group was most effective in terms of learnability and generalizability. The benefits of image-schema-based instruction were attributed to simultaneous attention to form and meaning, which might lead to deeper processing. Image-schema-based-instruction is discussed as a viable alternative for L2 construction learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Events can be perceived from different perspectives. Langacker, Ronald W. (1990. Subjectification. Cognitive Linguistics 1. 5–38) typologically categorised the perspectives in event construal as subjective construal and objective construal based on how egocentric a perspective is. Compared with Western languages, such as English, Japanese is argued to be a language that favours subjective construal. However, little empirical work has tested this assumption directly. We investigated whether Japanese and English construe events from different perspectives by focusing on the linguistic encodings of event roles "agent" and "patient". Our findings show that when selecting event roles as sentence subjects, Japanese speakers prioritised animacy over agency whereas English speakers emphasised agency (while also considering animacy). This can be attributed to the different preferences of the two languages for the degree of egocentricity in event construal. Furthermore, we explored how L1-based conceptualisation of event roles influences the linguistic expressions of event roles in L2. Our results demonstrate that Japanese learners of English had difficulty reconceptualising event roles in L2 English. This study adds a piece of quantitative evidence to the cognitive linguistics theory on subjective construal in Japanese and questions the universality of the agent-first hypothesis in the Thematic Hierarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the linguistic representation of the concept "love" (rakkaus) in Finnish phraseology. Based on a corpus of authentic texts, an indepth analysis of the semantic, pragmatic and cultural features of phraseological units associated with love is carried out. Particular attention is paid to cognitive aspects that reflect the mental models and cultural values of Finns. The article also conducts a comparative analysis with other languages to identify universal and specific features in the expression of love. The results of the study allow us to better understand the characteristics of Finnish culture and mentality, contribute to the development of linguistic and cultural studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of multisensory in lexical processing has garnered significant interest in cognitive linguistics and psycholinguistics. This study investigates the predictive power of cross-modal capability (CMC) on word recognition, focusing on how sensory integration influences cognitive processing and lexical decisionmaking. By collecting five-sense ratings for synesthetic adjectives, we computed the cross-modal capability for each word. We then conducted regression analyses to examine the relationship between these indices and reaction time in lexical decision tasks. Our findings reveal that words with higher cross-modal capabilities, as measured by CMC, are recognized and processed more quickly. This superior predictive power of CMC underscores the importance of sensory associations in lexical processing and highlights the need for comprehensive indices that account for multiple sensory inputs. These results provide deeper insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying word recognition and processing speed, suggesting that CMC is a better independent variable for partially predict lexical cognition and recognition. This research contributes to our understanding of multisensory integration in lexical processing and has implications for models of word recognition and cognitive linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the crucial foci of contemporary linguistics is upon the complex human-nature relationship within the Anthropocene. An essential methodology of eco-linguistics is Ecological Discourse Analysis (EDA), a field which combines linguistics and ecology. The philosophical underpinning of EDA is rooted in an ecological thematic framework, emphasising the significance of biodiversity and sustainability in the natural world. Despite gaining attention over the past decade, EDA still lacks a comprehensive explanation to adequately and accurately explain the fundamental assertion of its philosophical framework: it gives undue prominence to language biodiversity and sustainability. This systematic literature review, conducted using the PRISMA 2020 paradigm, covers studies from 2014 to 2023. It examines 38 works on EDA across several genres. Further clues illustrate the application of EDA to various genres, often informed by theoretical frameworks associated with systemic functional linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and corpus linguistics. EDA research concentrates on ecological discourse and advocating for protection, exposing the lack of nomenclature, analytical framework, application domain, theoretical framework, and objectives. Furthermore, EDA faces challenges in effectively addressing ecological issues within discourse construction because it does not have a sound theoretical paradigm or enough systematicity. Furthermore, the texts analysed using EDA predominantly focus on ecological discourse, with only a few studies incorporating non-ecological literary texts. This underscores the necessity of expanding the scope of ecological linguistic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the Aesopian language was used in the works of many writers to convey the parable. This article shows how and why Kazakh writers used the Aesopian language during the Soviet era. The study analyzes the contextual and symbolic meanings of the word qonyr, one of the most important concepts of Kazakh cognition. The research material was taken from O. Bokey's novel Kajdasyn, Kaska Kulynym? (Where Are You, My Foal with a Star on His Forehead?), and a poem by Zhumeken Nazhimedenov titled "Kyran-Kiya" ("Mountain Eagle"). A conceptual research method in modern linguistics was chosen for data analysis. As a result, new implicit meanings of the word qonyr ("brown") were revealed, such as "longing", "sadness", and "nobility". The juxtaposition of these meanings with Soviet ideology is presented. The results and conclusions of the study are a kind of contribution to studies in cognitive linguistics and decolonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Literary - Qur'anic Researches is the property of Arak University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ConstructiCons are innovative digital dictionary-like resources that aim to represent large inventories of prominent linguistic patterns called grammatical constructions. Building constructiCon resources is a rapidly advancing emergent field of research that combines the practices of applied language description (lexicography) and theoretical insights of Construction Grammar (a subfield of Cognitive Linguistics). Constructions comprise both grammatical and lexical information and often contain elements that belong to different "levels" of language organization: morphology, syntax, semantics, prosody, etc. Inspired by advances of comparable resources developed for other languages, we propose that a thorough repository of multi-word semi-general constructions should be built for Norwegian and discuss ten crucial benefits of this endeavor. Many of our arguments are applicable to any language that lacks a constructiCon resource and can be of interest for a broader readership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the use of compound image schemas in the discourse surrounding Japan's nuclear wastewater discharge. By analyzing editorials from Asahi Shimbun, this study reveals how discourse producers, from government bodies to media outlets, employ image schemas to navigate, shape, and legitimize their stances on this contentious issue. The investigation identifies the prevalent use of PATH and CONTAINER schemas, facilitating the construction of complex narrative spaces that define "in-group" and "out-group" dynamics, thereby guiding public perception and discourse participation towards an implicit endorsement of specific policy directions. The findings highlight the dynamic interplay between micro-level discourse strategies and macro-level cognitive frameworks, projecting tailored narratives into the public sphere. This projection, rooted in sophisticated cognitive mechanisms, illustrates the strategic use of discourse to influence public opinion and legitimize environmental policy decisions, reflecting broader social implications and the power of discourse in shaping environmental risk perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the theory of cognitive linguistics, this article investigates computer-related conceptual metaphors in discourses in online Vietnamese newspapers to clarify how Vietnamese people conceptualize the target domain of "brain" via the source domain of "computer". This study aimed to answer two questions: "In online Vietnamese articles, which thinking mechanism is used to conceptualize the human brain as a computer?" and "What similarities from the target domain are activated and mapped onto the source domain?" With the correlations in experience and knowledge projected from the source domain to the target domain, the logical relationship in organizing the mapping scheme of conceptual metaphors, the article points out a type of thinking in the conceptual structure dominated by the 4.0 industrial civilization which is both universal and typical of Vietnamese people's mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the central assumptions in Cognitive Linguistics is that the cognitive mechanisms underlying our language use are domain-general and thus apply to human behavior beyond language. Examples of such cognitive mechanisms are, among others, our ability to focus attention, to memorize and categorize, as well as processes related to chunking, generalization, and inhibitory control. Testing this core assumption, however, is often difficult, as it requires us to move beyond linguistic research and to actively look for links between our language use and other areas of human cognition. This paper is an illustration of what such links could look like, particularly focusing on links between research on (Dutch-German) language contact and expert behavior. In doing so, it shows (a) that there are many shared links, for example, regarding the cognitive mechanisms of entrenchment and chunking, and (b) that these shared links (as well as potential differences across the fields) can be used to improve our linguistic theorizing. In particular, I argue that linguistic research can benefit from the insights from research on expert behavior, especially from its more advanced insights modelling individual variation, and that the shared links can help us to test the core assumption that the cognitive mechanisms underlying our language use are indeed domain-general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents findings from both quantitative and qualitative research regarding the resolution of cross- and multi-modal anaphoric references to objects in two Sherlock Holmes movies directed by Guy Ritchie. The goal is to illustrate how words referring to objects are linked to images depicting the objects as well as sounds produced by the objects to constitute coreferential chains with respect to the viewers' perception. The theoretical assumptions draw concepts primarily from cognitive linguistics (such as mental spaces, compression, frame-metonymic relations), with additional notions adopted from (verbal) semantics, pragmatics, visual semantics, and film studies. A cognitive account of regular and associative cross- and multimodal anaphora is suggested, along with a model for the representation of cross- and multi-modal coreferential chains for future manual and automated annotation tools. Overall, the work emphasizes the importance of considering both verbal and nonverbal cues in understanding anaphoric references in cinematic contexts by highlighting the cognitive processes involved while viewers integrate information from different modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the metaphorical conceptualization of sadness in Wolaita, a language spoken by over 1.6 million people in Ethiopia, from a cognitive-linguistic perspective. Grounded in Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), the research explores how the Wolaita people express sadness through linguistic metaphors and compares these with findings from well-studied languages such as English, Amharic, and Agnwa. The study aims to identify linguistic metaphors for sadness in Wolaita, describe their universal and culturally specific bases, and contribute to the debate on the universality versus culture-specificity of emotion conceptualization. Using qualitative methods, including data elicitation, introspection, and analysis of written and spoken texts, the study examines metaphorical expressions of sadness in Wolaita. Data sources include Wolaita-language textbooks, a bilingual dictionary, idioms, audio-visual materials, and native-speaker intuitions. The analysis identifies conceptual mappings between source domains (e.g., pain, fluid, journey) and the target domain of sadness. The findings reveal that sadness in Wolaita is conceptualized through metaphors such as “sadness is pain,” “sadness is fluid,” “sadness is down,” “sadness is enemy,” “sadness is burden,” “sadness is journey,” “sadness is food,” and “sadness is gift.” These metaphors reflect the Wolaita people’s perception of sadness as an undesirable emotion, with cultural peculiarities such as the use of spoiled foods and impure fluids to represent its intensity. The study demonstrates that although sadness is universal at a basic level, its complex conceptualizations exhibit cultural specificity. This research contributes to cognitive linguistics and emotion studies by providing empirical evidence from an understudied language. It highlights the interconnection between universal human experiences and culturally shaped metaphors, enriching our understanding of the universality versus culture-specificity debate and underscoring the importance of linguistic diversity in emotion research.

Cognitive linguistics, which argues that language progresses on a simultaneous acceleration rather than consisting of independent modules, defines these commonalities through polysemy and metaphorical structures. In this context, polysemy and metaphorical structures, which are handled through content words in the traditional approach, also focus on function words and dependent morphemes in both semantic and grammatical contexts within the scope of cognitive linguistics. In this study, it is aimed to discuss the polysemy in spatial and non-spatial contexts in the [-DAn] morpheme, which encodes the ablative case in Turkish. In the study, prototype sense, image schematic transformations, peripheral extensions and metaphorical structures were demonstrated. The database of the research using the descriptive survey model consists of 3222 dependent index lines obtained through the Turkish National Corpus 3.0. In the research, it is concluded that the polysemy conditions of the ablative case in Turkish are determined by 10 different spatial image schematic transformations such as ORIENTATION, TRANSFER, PERCEPTION, related to the prototype sense, 3 peripheral extensions; 9 different non-spatial image schematic transformations and 3 peripheral extensions.

This paper combines Langacker’s notion of intersubjectivity with research into the discursive purposes of the first-person plural to analyse the 2008 debate between Richard Dawkins and John Lennox Has Science Buried God? The analysis identifies several differences and similarities between the debaters. Both speakers navigate the objectivity – (inter)subjectivity continuum in similar ways. Both speakers also use we to create their unique discursive identities. Dawkins primarily uses we to refer to himself as a member of an atemporal or cross-generational scientific community. This use was often exclusive as part of his argument seemed to be that he was a scientist in a way that Lennox was not. In contrast, Lennox’s uses are primarily inclusive, placing himself, Dawkins, and all scientists as part of the human race and using the human predicament as his main argument. Although only one debate is examined here, this paper may serve as a model for conducting a larger-scale project. With the recent increased polarisation of society, this analysis of we and intersubjectivity within a debate over an often volatile topic could provide insight for improving dialogue. Thus, this study is also relevant to fields beyond linguistics.

The present paper comments on the use of metaphorical imagery in The Polish Civil Code The theoretical background for analysis is cognitive linguistics in the tradition of researchers such as George Lakoff, Mark Turner, Gilles Fauconnier. It is accepted that language as a system is inherently metaphorical, and that metaphorical images are not just rhetorical devices which help make language more interesting and poetic, but rather constitute mechanisms of cognition, thanks to which human beings can make sense of the world and then refer to it in an efficient way. Metaphoricity in legal context can be found at different levels and may serve various aims. Our main interest is in the basic, mostly frozen metaphors which are inevitable in the law.

The article is devoted to the image of Russia modelling through the zoomorphic conceptual metaphor of Russian bear in foreign multimodal texts. The metaphorical image is analyzed retrospectively to identify both common and specific features in different languages and cultures. We also detect a correlation between the positive and negative representation of this image depending on the socio-political context. The authors focus on various ways of interpreting and transforming the image of the Russian bear in multimodal media texts of different genres. The study revealed the prevalence of a negative interpretation of the image of the Russian bear over a positive and neutral one. The most frequent is the use of the metaphor of an aggressive, bloodthirsty Russian bear in relation to the reference situation of military conflicts involving Russia. In political cartoons, such a metaphorical image is often modelled by associative signs of aggression: claws and fangs, and suggests the presence of a “victim” in the iconic part of the multimodal text. Cinematography enhances the mythologization of the metaphorical image in question. At the same time, the connection of the bear with Russia is expressed indirectly: the image of the bear can accompany Russian characters, localize the territory of Russia, due to the presence of a bear in the frame, depict Russians visually similar to bears. The replication of stereotypical metaphorical images creates a stable negative scenario in the recipients’ consciousness, an invariant in relation to a certain conceptual category; therefore, it has an evident manipulative potential.

This study aims to explore the target concepts of metonymical and metaphorical uses of ‘head’ in Jordanian Arabic (JA) compared to those used in Tunisian Arabic (TA). Extended conceptual metaphor theory (ECMT) as envisaged by Kövecses (2020, Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 18, 112–-130) is adopted as the theoretical framework. Data analysis reveals that through metonymic metaphors, the head in JA is used to profile character traits, mental faculty, cultural values and emotions. The head in JA is also capitalized upon to provide explanations of several daily life experiences. The primacy of head in JA was clear in the informants’ comprehension of the means by which embodiment provides the grounding for cognition, perception and language, which supports Gibbs’ (2014, The Bloomsbury companion to cognitive linguistics, pp. 167–184) ‘embodied metaphorical imagination’. Similarities in the cultural model of head between the two dialects were found, yet differences were also detected. In contrast to TA, the head is more productive in JA in profiling character traits and emotions. These differences were attributed to the existence of a cultural filter that has the ability to function between two cultures that belong to one matrix Arab culture and differences in experiential focus between the two examined speech communities.

The current paper is an attempt at a study of the grammar and meaning of atemporal complement clauses in Assamese from a Cognitive linguistics point of view. Assamese is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Assam, a northeastern province of India. It is the native tongue of the Assamese and is currently spoken by more than twenty million people both as a native tongue and as a link language in the northeastern India.Grammar, in Cognitive linguistics, is not independent of meaning, rather any grammatical form is motivated by its underlying semantics, i.e. how the event or the situation is construed by the speaker. Thus, depending on the construal involved, clausal complementation takes different grammatical forms. One type of clausal complementation is atemporal complementation, traditionally called non-finite complementation. One core dimension that the construal of atemporal complementation is based on is atemporalization, which involves a conceptual shift from the relational concept (as encoded typically by a verb) to a thing or object (as encoded typically by a noun) having an ontological existence, which is often called reification. Thus, the verb in the atemporal complement clause is realized in the non-finite form, i.e. it is left ungrounded in time. This in turn also means that typically the situation expressed by the complement clause involves what is called summary scanning in cognitive linguistics. Atemporal complementization also may involve another dimension of construal, i.e. the principle of Figure and Ground.The present paper identifies the atemporal complementizers in Assamese and their grammar and meaning. Assamese has at least five such complementizers and accordingly the language has at least five different types of atemporal complement clauses with their own semantics. In describing these atemporal complement clauses, the paper also shows that although atemporal they may not fully cancel out sequential scanning. This supports the view that that the distinction between summary and sequential scanning are not mutually exclusive as is claimed in Langacker (2008). The data for this paper has mainly come from the authors themselves who happen to be native speakers of Assamese.

This article aims at contrasting the conceptualization of space in Persian and English. Using three semantic primes of 'space', namely 'below', 'side' and 'touch' proposed in Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM), as one of the cognitive semantics approaches to study language, this cross-linguistic design intends to uncover the similarities and differences of conceptualizations in the two languages. The data came from the Hamshahri corpus of Persian-written data and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA).The data were compared to see whether or not the NSM theory is viable to explain the spatial conceptualization. The results indicated that the semantic primes have more than one exponent in Persian and English, with their particular function and conceptual range. Besides, the prime of 'touch' has not spatial correspondence in Persian language. This means that the NSM approach does not provide enough analytical toolkits to satisfactorily explain the similarities and differences in cross-cultural cognitive semantic comparisons and cannot exhaustively explain the conceptualization of ‘space’. Nonetheless, this approach provides us with some insight into the cognitive properties in the minds of the speakers.

While many English language learning textbooks provide exercises on the difference between present simple and present progressive tenses, they often lack meticulous explanations regarding their meaning and contextual usage. Having been inspired by cognitive linguistic studies on English present tense and the theory of Cognitive Grammar, an empirical study was devised to incorporate the elements of cognitive linguistics analysis of English present progressive tense into EFL grammar teaching material. This quasi-experimental study included 53 adult EFL learners being homogenized in terms of their English proficiency based on their scores on Quick Oxford Placement Test, and randomly assigned to three groups. The course of instruction lasted for three weeks during which the groups met 6 times. The cognitive group (N = 18) received cognitive linguistic explanations followed by examples indicating inherited epistemic contingency in English present progressive tense (including, current ongoingness, historical present progressive, future present progressive, temporary validity, duration, iteration, repetition, and modality) and structural construal indicated by present simple. The task-based group (N = 16) received conscious-raising tasks lacking cognitive linguistic explanations. The control group (N = 19) did not receive any explicit instruction. Pretest and posttest scores were used to measure the effectiveness of the types of instruction. The results of paired samples t-test and one-way ANOVA revealed that the cognitive group outperformed the task-based group and the control group showing a higher level of construing usage context of present simple and present progressive tense.

This paper examines how different construals realized in semiotic modes create humor in Persian multimodal political discourse. The paper also elucidates the mechanisms of intersemiotic relations between images and linguistic items in political humor. To this end, humorous multimodal texts from a Persian political news website were analyzed. The results show that although conceptual mappings of type metaphor, metonymy, or metaphtonymy are the most prominent Logical Mechanisms in humorous political co-text images, various conceptual operations help to convey a comical sense. These conceptualization strategies include schematization through different image schemas, framing through different categorizations, identification through profiling different aspects of the scene, and positioning through realizing different points of view. Moreover, unlike other multimodal news texts, divergence rather than convergence better explains the intersemiotic link between the two modes in this discourse genre. The findings reveal some promising potentials of the cognitive approach to multimodal discourse studies.

Introduction. This article is devoted to the analysis of the role of anthropomorphic metaphors in modern digital vocabulary using the example of the word «selfie». The relevance of the work is due to the growing interest of the scientific community in the evolution of digital vocabulary, which includes a variety of lexical units and expressions that reflect modern realities and sociocultural changes.Methodology and sources. The methodological study is based on the productivity of anthropometric cognitive tools in the formation of figurative expressions in English, with theinclusion of the word «selfie». This study is related to the conceptual theory of metaphors developed by famous linguists G. Lakoff and M. Johnson.Results and discussion. In the course of this study, attention is drawn to some expressive phrases associated with the concept of «selfie». Adjectives with negative and positive connotations were selected, then, based on the analysis of empirical material, structures were identified that architecturally represent the «adjective + selfie» model. On this basis, in the context of selfie, negative and positive metaphorical images were identified, which were analyzed in examples.Conclusion. Consideration of the semantics of the expressions under study allows us to better understand how digital vocabulary shows sociocultural trends and changes in society, provides a look at the evolution of language in the era of digitalization and emphasizes the role of digital vocabulary in the formation of new linguistic patterns that reflect the dynamics of sociocultural changes, emphasizing the role of digital vocabulary in the modern world.

Metaphors are an essential part of how humans process and understand the world. Cognitive linguistics does not view metaphors as merely linguistic or rhetorical devices; rather, they are conceptual in nature and are central to the thought process. Therefore, the present research investigates the metaphorical depiction of the Covid-19 health emergency through the conceptual metaphor of WAR in three renowned Pakistani English Newspapers i.e. Dawn, The Express Tribune, and The News. Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) is specifically selected to uncover the covert and possibly unconscious intentions of language users in Newspaper discourse. Fifty (50) editorials on the subject of Covid-19 are specifically chosen and their language is meticulously observed by making a specialized Corpus PakNCovid-19. The size of the corpus is 17621 words. Moreover, Monoconc Corpus Tool is utilized to analyze the metaphorical depiction of Covid-19 as a WAR in Pakistani Newspaper discourse. The study highlights the explicit deployment of military concepts like BATTLE, ENEMY, WAR, SOLDIERS, FIGHT, and VICTORY to create the conception of WAR and to create SELF Vs OTHER distinctions between the Pakistani people and the medical illness of Covid-19. The inquiry demonstrates that to create a sense of urgency and to mobilize masses against the deadly virus, the metaphors of War have been used deliberately. The military concepts have been purposely employed to present Covid-19 as an 'alien', 'outsider', as well as an 'enemy' entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research aims to marry insights from Cognitive Linguistics to those of Communication Studies and propose an integrated framework known as multimodal figurative framing. Two comparable multimodal corpora, consisting of BRI-themed cartoons retrieved from China Daily (CD: 152 cartoons) and Google News & Images (GN&I: 56 cartoons), are compiled and examined to explore the theoretical and practical values of multimodal figurative devices in framing abstract political topics. Through an integration of quantitative and qualitative analysis, the study reveals that the employment of different figurative frames in these cartoons leads to contrasting interpretations of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In the CD corpus, a total of 15 multimodal metonymies and 13 metaphors can be identified, which serve to frame BRI as a beneficial endeavour associated with equality, win-win cooperation, peaceful progress, shared prosperity, multilateral inclusiveness, and green sustainability. In contrast, the GN&I corpus employs 9 multimodal metonymies and 11 metaphors to frame BRI as a detrimental scheme characterised by attributes such as destruction, aggression, deception, hegemony, competition, contradiction, and invasion. The study helps lay bare opposite attitudes toward the BRI, which stem from divergent political ideologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the use of medical metaphors in conservation discourse, analysing their impact on shaping the concept of conservation through the lens of cognitive linguistics and sociology. Through analysis of 120 papers from the ICOM-CC Theory, History and Ethics Working Group, metaphors such as the conservation object is a human being and the conservator is a doctor were identified. The study reveals how these metaphors frame conservation as a beneficent act of caring for an object, akin to medical treatment. However, it also highlights limitations in explaining stakeholder involvement and community autonomy, the stages of conservation actions, and more nuanced concepts of damage. While this article does not argue against the use of medical metaphors in conservation, it aims to raise awareness of those limitations deriving from the use of complex and fluid concepts in both fields. In conclusion, this study advocates for further research to explore culture-specific features and chronological changes in the use of metaphors to promote a deeper understanding of cross-cultural and inter-generational communications in conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research we aim to analyse the multimodal representations of the concepts of LOVE and PASSION in Lithuanian graphic novel 'Gertrūda', by Gerda Jord. The multimodal approach, that combines textual, visual, and semiotic analysis is applied in the research. In the work of these researchers, the analysis of the conceptualisation of emotions is based on the explorations by cognitive linguistics. The analysis of the multimodal nature of graphic novels particularly as it relates to the portrayal of complex emotions such as LOVE and PASSION, remains relatively undeveloped. The research revealed that the source domains for LOVE expose concepts of CLOSENESS, UNITY, MORAL VIRTUE and for PASSION source domains encompass PRESSURE IN THE CONTAINER, CREATIVITY, PHYSICAL POWER, and HEAT of the SUN. The investigation scrutinises the intertextual, visual, and narrative elements present in 'Gertruda.' We explore how the characters' interactions, visual symbolism, and narrative structure contribute to the representation of LOVE and PASSION within the context of a post-Soviet Lithuanian society. Additionally, we consider the socio-cultural and historical backdrop of Lithuania to provide a holistic understanding of how these emotions are intricately woven into the narrative fabric of the graphic novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper employs the framework of "dynamic categorization" from cognitive linguistics to examine a more radical phase of word meaning derivation. Specifically, it investigates the interaction between word meaning categories and de-categorization in order to elucidate the principles governing word meaning derivation. Through a comprehensive analysis of extensive Chinese and English corpora, our findings indicate that the interaction between word meaning categories primarily is manifested in two forms: (1) expansion between adjacent categories; (2) expansion between analogous categories. The expansion between adjacent categories encompasses linguistic, conceptual, and factual expansions, whereas expansion between analogous categories involves both objective and psychological similarities. Such interaction between word meaning categories may result in partial grammaticalization, antonymization, and polysemy. De-categorization, on the other hand, is primarily achieved through word conversion, grammaticalization, and subjectivization. These processes contribute to the evolution of word meaning beyond conventional clustering models, transitioning from concrete to abstract and from literal to figurative interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]