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Background: Previous observational studies have suggested diabetic patients should synchronize their foods and nutrient intake with their biological rhythm; however, the optimal intake time of coffee and tea for reducing all-cause and disease-specific mortality in diabetes is still unknown. This study aims to examine by investigating the association of timing for coffee and tea consumption with long-term survival in people with diabetes. Methods: A total of 5378 people with diabetes who enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2003 to 2014 were recruited for this study. Coffee and tea intakes were measured by a 24-h dietary recall, which were divided by different time intervals across the day, including dawn to forenoon, forenoon to noon, noon to evening, and evening to dawn. Weighted cox proportional hazards regression models were developed to evaluate the survival-relationship of coffee and tea consumption with mortality of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and diabetes. Results: During 47,361 person-year follow up, total 1639 death cases were documented, including 731 CVD deaths, 467 heart disease deaths, 99 stroke deaths, and 462 diabetes deaths. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared with participants without drinking coffee during dawn to forenoon, drinking coffee at this period was associated with increased mortality risk of all-cause (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05–1.50), CVD (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.07–1.86), heart-disease (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.05–2.07), and diabetes (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.10–2.04). In contrast, drinking coffee during forenoon to noon had lower mortality risk of all-cause (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69–0.92), CVD (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63–0.99), and heart disease (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52–0.94). Similarly, drinking tea during forenoon to noon had lower risk of CVD mortality (HR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.44–0.87). Conclusions: This study suggests that drinking coffee in dawn to forenoon is linked to a higher risk of death, but having coffee and tea from forenoon to noon is linked to a lower risk of overall mortality, CVD, and heart disease in individuals with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into the CIA's failed attempt to disrupt the Guatemalan coffee industry in 1954 as part of a covert operation to overthrow President Jacobo Árbenz. While the operation, codenamed Operation FIBER, aimed to destabilize the government by disrupting coffee exports, it ultimately failed due to misconceptions about the industry and resistance from the U.S. coffee industry. The CIA's involvement in Guatemala's coffee industry was complex and intertwined with U.S. financial interests, highlighting the challenges of using economic warfare tactics in a globalized industry. Despite efforts to apply economic pressure through propaganda campaigns urging consumers to boycott Guatemalan coffee, the operation did not achieve its intended goals, showcasing the complexities of the transnational coffee trade. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Stunting is a height-for-age (Z-score) less than minus two standard deviations below the mean of reference standard. It is the most important sign of long-term chronic undernutrition and public health problem in Ethiopia. However, little information was known regarding determinants of stunting among adolescents since it had mostly been investigated in late infancy, especially among children under the age of five. Therefore, identifying determinants of stunting among adolescent girl is still crucial. Objective: To identify determinants of stunting among adolescent girls in schools of Digo Tsion Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022. Methods and materials: Case-control study was conducted among 417 adolescent girls (104 cases and 313 controls) in schools of Digo Tsion Town with computer generated simple random sampling technique. World Health Organization Anthroplus 2007 software was used for analyzing anthropometrics data. Data was collected by epicollect5 mobile application through interview by using structured questionnaire. The data was entered in epi data 4.6 and exported into Statistical Package for Social Science version 26. Variables with p- value ≤ 0.25 in bivariable analysis were candidate for multivariable analysis. Model fitness was checked by Hosmer and Lemon Show fitness of test. Variables having a P-value < 0.05 in multivariable analysis were declared as statistically significant at 95% Cl. The result was presented by statement, figures, and tables. Results: A total of 409 (100 cases and 309 controls) adolescent girls participated, with a response rate of 96% for cases and 98.72% for controls. Food insecurity (AOR = 2.13, CI [1.15, 3.93]), low dietary diversity score (AOR = 1.99, CI [1.06, 3.73]), drinking coffee/tea immediately while eating meals (AOR = 2.19, CI [1.22, 3.95]), not getting nutritional counsel (AOR = 2.07, CI [1.17, 3.66]), chronic illness (AOR = 3.78, CI [1.16, 12.3]), and not visited by health extension workers at home (AOR = 1.85, CI [1.03, 3.31]) were statistically significant determinants of stunting. Conclusion: Stunting among adolescents is influenced by a low dietary diversity score, a food-insecure household, drinking coffee or tea immediately while eating a meal, not receiving nutritional counseling, having a chronic illness, and not being visited by health extension workers at home. Future researchers would do better to undertake prospective studies. Health extension workers are better able to provide nutritional counsel for adolescent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the physicochemical analysis, acceptability, and marketability of CORNADO Drip Coffee with three serving proportions of 10 grams, 15 grams, and 20 grams to the group of Barista, Coffee Shop Owners, and Consumers of Marikina City during the school year 2023-2024. Experimental method was used in this study to determine the acceptability of corn cob and avocado seed drip coffee and evaluated in terms of appearance, aroma, color, and taste and likewise, on its marketability. As regards the results of the physicochemical analysis of the product, the findings revealed that the CORNADO Drip Coffee, in terms of low carbohydrate count, low moisture content, low acidity, and low titratable acidity is a healthy alternative coffee drink. In addition, the three groups of respondents evaluated the acceptability level of CORNADO Drip Coffee with 10 grams, 15 grams, and 20 grams proportion in terms of appearance, aroma, color, and taste as Very Acceptable. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences on the evaluation of the three groups of respondents on the acceptability level of CORNADO Drip Coffee in three proportions in terms of the said criteria. On the other hand, the level of marketability as evaluated by consumers, barista, and coffee shop owners generally received a rating of Very High Potential utilizing the 10 grams, 15 grams, and 20 grams in terms of supply availability, production cost, and consumer demand resulting to no significant difference on their evaluations. Furthermore, the respondents provided comments and suggestion for further improvement of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have shown that drinking coffee and tea may be associated with the risk of hypertension and dementia. Limited research exists on their impact on dementia risk in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to determine the association between coffee and tea consumption and the risk of dementia development in hypertensive population by utilizing Cox proportional risk modeling with 453,913 participants from a UK biobank. Our findings reveal a J-shaped and U-shaped association between the risk of all-cause dementia and the consumption of coffee and tea respectively in hypertensive people. The hypertensive patients who drink 0.5–1 cup of coffee or 4–5 cups of tea per day have the lowest risk of dementia. A U-shaped relationship was observed between daily caffeine consumption and the risk of developing all-cause dementia and vascular dementia in the hypertensive population. Furthermore, the significant association between the amount of coffee and tea consumed and the risk of all-cause and vascular dementia were more likely to be found in hypertensive patients than in the non-hypertensive population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coffee is widely consumed around the world. In Japan, it is a type of "Shikohin" (consumed for flavor, not nutrition). Several medical studies have reported the beneficial effects of coffee consumption, whereas others suggest that these beneficial effects on psychological aspects are marginal. The habit of consuming large amounts of caffeine through coffee may improve short-term resilience in stressful situations and may exhaust individuals in the long term. We hypothesized that people who habitually drink high amounts of coffee would have lower resilience scores and higher acute stress responses. Methods: Adult Japanese men completed a questionnaire that included a resilience scale and Shikohin consumption habits. Experimental participants were recruited from the survey respondents and classified into three groups based on their coffee consumption per day: No Coffee, Low Coffee, and High Coffee. All participants were asked to join the Trier Social Stress Test-Online (TSST-OL). Subjective stress and salivary cortisol concentrations was measured at eight time points during the experiment. There were 16 participants in each group for the analysis (mean age = 46.10 years, SD = 12.58). Results: Statistical analysis showed that both subjective stress and salivary cortisol concentrations significantly increased following TSST-OL exposure. However, there were no significant differences among the groups, and the hypotheses were not supported. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the effectiveness and stability of the TSST-OL. Additionally, coffee consumption habits were not significantly related to resilience scale scores or acute stress responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coffee sector's challenges, such as low and volatile prices, prompt adopting strategies focused on product differentiation, including high-quality specialty coffee. Nevertheless, documented evidence shows that small producers in Oaxaca, Mexico, are not equally benefiting from this market opportunity compared to other states in Mexico, such as Veracruz or Chiapas. This review article identifies and analyzes the factors in integrating small Oaxacan producers into the specialty market. A total of 138 scientific contributions were analyzed, emphasizing three thematic axes: (1) Trends and behavior of the coffee market. (2) Factors to enable the production of high-quality coffee, and (3) Current situation and challenges of small coffee producers in the specialized market. We found that coffee quality depends on the environment (mainly altitude, temperature, and geographical conditions) and agronomic, genetic, and socioeconomic factors. Moreover, agronomic and genetic factors should focus on choosing coffee varieties suited to the environmental conditions of the farm and adopting innovations in production, harvest, and post-harvest processes. The most significant socio-economic factors that hinder small coffee producers' participation in the specialized market include but are not limited to, lack of information, social connection, and financial resources. However, in the literature analyzed here, it was also possible to identify specific farmworker experiences that operate with a community approach and have inserted their small producers into high-quality market transactions. For this reason, this article suggests that the standardization model of quality from the collective approach within the community-based enterprise is a sustainable and inclusive alternative to achieve the goal: the insertion of small Oaxacan coffee producers into the more significant specialty market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the effect of a 50 mg caffeine coffee consumption on bowel function recovery after cesarean delivery. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. One hundred sixty-two post-cesarean delivery patients were enrolled and allocated to one of the two groups, Group 1, which included 81 volunteers, with a cup of 50 mg caffeine coffee and Group 2, which also included 81 volunteers, with a cup of warm water at postpartum ward, two hours after the operation. The primary outcome was to compare the time to first flatus after surgery between patients of each group. The secondary outcome was to compare the time to first defecation, time to tolerate a solid diet, and the incidence of postoperative ileus between groups. Results: The mean time to first flatus and standard deviation was 28.93±20.20 and 30.52±16.27 hours, time to first defecation was 62.45±28.00 and 63.45±25.53 hours, and the incidence of postoperative ileus was 17.28% and 19.75%. All results in both groups were not significantly different in the 50 mg caffeine coffee group and the warm water group. Conclusion: Drinking coffee with a cup of 50 mg caffeine coffee after cesarean delivery did not significantly improve the bowel function recovery. The higher dosage of caffeine coffee needs further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Omnivorousness is the tendency of culturally and economically privileged individuals to consume both highbrow and lowbrow products. Prior research explores omnivorousness as a manifestation of status distinction in which consumers deploy the aesthetic disposition—a generic and transposable ability to appreciate cultural products through a formal gaze—to lowbrow options. Existing work emphasizes the acquisition of the aesthetic disposition, but it does not explain how consumers transpose their generic disposition to specific cultural contexts and develop omnivorous tastes. Therefore, we study the formation of omnivorous consumer subjects and highlight its enabling conditions. Building on a 7-year ethnography of coffee consumption in France, we find that omnivorous subjects develop a dual and flexible cultural competence. First, they acquire a common appreciation of coffee during their primary socialization and enjoy the energizing and socializing functions of lowbrow coffee. Then, they develop a formal appreciation of coffee later in life as a result of market work conducted by market professionals. Specifically, market professionals do three types of market work: qualification, captation, and activation. Consumers respond to market work by transposing their aesthetic disposition to highbrow coffee and, therefore, enjoy its formal characteristics. We extend prior research on taste, omnivorousness, and consumer subject formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banyuwangi is one of the districts where the plantation sector with coffee supports economic activities as the main commodity. Coffee productivity in Banyuwangi is included in the top five categories in East Java Province, and its production has been exported to various countries. The coffee-producing center in Banyuwangi is in Kalipuro District, precisely in Gombengsari. This area is famous for its coffee production with Robusta coffee. The coffee processing process in Gombengsari is limited to coffee beans which are converted into powder or sold in the form of drinks. This research aims to determine the level of preference and organoleptic tests for fermented coffee, commonly known as wine coffee, and to determine the caffeine content in it. Based on laboratory test results, the coffee wine content is 1.1066 ± 0.0102%. The test result is lower compared to the caffeine content in regular coffee of 1, 1843 ± 0.0468%. The preference test of 40 untrained panelists resulted in 72.5% of panelists liking pure wine coffee and 75% liking wine coffee with added sugar. Meanwhile, the results of organoleptic test for pure wine coffee showed that the hedonic aroma test was the most preferred for wine coffee with the addition of sugar. The results were obtained for the best scores in the aroma, taste, sweetness level, and liking level tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes coffee consumption and its perceived effects on the study habits of selected higher education students at Cavite State University Imus Campus. A quantitative research design was employed, surveying 208 students via a structured questionnaire. The study analyzed the data using descriptive and inferential statistics. The demographic profile of respondents shows a majority of females (55.77%) and students aged 21 to 24 years (48.07%), with most enrolled in the BSIT program. Results indicate that coffee consumption is a prevalent part of students' daily routines, with 76.44% drinking coffee daily and a significant preference for both hot and cold types (57.21%). One cup per day is the most common consumption level (57.21%). Students perceived coffee to significantly enhance cognitive functions, energy levels, productivity, and mood during study sessions, aligning with previous research highlighting caffeine's positive effects on memory, alertness, and motor coordination (Lin et al., 2023). However, there are mixed perceptions regarding dependency and withdrawal symptoms, with some negative impacts noted when coffee is not drunk, echoing concerns about tolerance and withdrawal symptoms discussed in the literature (Van De Walle et al., 2019). Findings showed no significant differences in the perceived effects of coffee consumption when the respondents were grouped by age, sex, year level, or degree program. This research suggests that coffee consumption plays a vital role in the student's academic lives. While consumption enhances cognitive and academic performance, it also presents potential risks related to coffee dependency. Administrators can use the findings of this study to enhance the school environment with a focus on food and health security by providing healthier alternatives and varied coffee options in campus canteens that can support students' academic success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nevertheless, the response was not uniform between farms in Costa Rica while high and medium productivity groupings of farms had higher EBITDA, low and very low productivity farms experienced a decline similar to Guatemala. The difference in performance of farm groups in Costa Rica was due to a decline in production per hectare of the lower productivity group; while the difference between Guatemala and Costa Rica was firstly due to price differences, and secondarily due to lower productivity of some farm groups. The investment of Costa Rican farmers was undoubtedly supported by the substantially increased price received by farmers (as compared to Guatemala), reflected in the increase in export price of coffee from Costa Rica relative to Guatemala. This shows the importance of farmers receiving higher prices for their produce in enabling them to cover increasing production costs, invest in increasing productivity and maintain profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction and purpose: There are many articles specifying coffee's influence on the health and behavior of consumers. However, most of the studies are conducted on populations living in the United States, Western Europe or China. We did not find many studies reporting the effects of coffee consumption on the Slavic population. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of coffee consumption in this population and its impact on such health elements as insomnia, body weight, well-being, irritation, hypertension or headache. Material and method: The anonymous survey included questions about the frequency of coffee consumption and selected health effects was created and subsequently distributed through social media (Telegram platform) in August 2023. Results: We collected a total of 89 surveys. The median age of participants was 31 (IQR: 24-38). 27 individuals indicated that they do not consume coffee at all (30.34%). The rest of the group most often choose the following options: I drink it several times a day - 24 individuals (26.97%) and 26 individuals drink it once a day (29.21%). We demonstrated a correlation between the amount of coffee consumption and the frequency of insomnia (r=0.39, p=0.028). Additionally, we observed a negative correlation between coffee consumption and body weight (r=0.18, p=0.048). However, we did not find a relationship between coffee consumption and elevated or lowered mood (p>0.05). Conclusions: In the study group, the frequency of coffee consumption was higher than the global average and in some cases led to insomnia. The positive aspects of drinking coffee outweighed the side effects and lead to the conclusion that it is a safe drink in the group of surveyed Slavs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the early twentieth century, the widespread growth of coffee drinking in Sweden led for calls by health reformers, doctors and scientists to implement measures to curtail what they deemed "coffee abuse." Debates about the dangers of coffee took place in Swedish Parliament and trickled out into the popular press. It was not long before canny manufacturers saw an opportunity to capitalize upon this, introducing coffee substitutes onto the Swedish market. One of the most popular brands was the roasted wheat bran drink Postum. This article seeks to investigate the early marketing practices of Postum in Sweden and how the brand used advertisements to exploit the public's growing fears around coffee and put itself forward as a viable substitute that was essential for good health. Using a dataset of 200 advertisements published in Svenska Dagbladet between 1926 and 1940, it demonstrates how Postum skewed scientific/medical knowledge on caffeine to their advantage, urging consumers to buy Postum to protect themselves against neurasthenia, insomnia and digestive disorders. In doing so, Postum went far beyond its role as a drink, instead tapping into discourses of wellbeing, morality and productivity, which remain a central part of food marketing today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invented market traditions are practices and memories of the past created by corporations and sustained through consumption. Invented market traditions show how organisations have the potential to reorganise collective memories of the past, creating new mnemonic narratives rather than drawing on existing ones. Materiality provides long-term stability to these narratives. This paper focuses on the institution of Italian breakfast, based on milk, coffee, and convenience bakery products such as biscuits, invented by the brand Mulino Bianco. Biscuits exemplify how commodities imbued with nostalgic meanings can mobilise these invented memories and fold them into social practices. The recurring consumption of biscuits at breakfast, which was marketed as a rediscovery of Italian heritage, created those very nostalgic memories that consumers wanted to remember. Invented market traditions show the social repercussions of organisations' rhetorical work and expose how context plays a role in understanding their success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the association between coffee drinking and total caffeine intakes with the chance of prediabetes (Pre-DM) regression and progression over 9-years of follow-up. Research design and methods: This cohort study included 334 Pre-DM individuals (mean age of 49.4 ± 12.8 years and 51.5% men) who participated in the third phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006–2008). A validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline assessed habitual coffee consumption. All measurements were done at baseline and all subsequent examinations with 3-year follow-up intervals. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of Pre-DM regression to normal glycemia or progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in coffee drinkers/non-drinkers were estimated using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: During the study follow-up 39.8% of the study participants were progressed to T2D and 39.8% returned to normal glycemia. Coffee consumption nearly doubled the chance of returning to normal (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.03–4.97). Total caffeine intake was not related to Pre-DM progression and regression. Compared to non-drinkers, coffee drinkers had significantly lower 2-hour serum glucose concentrations over time (152, 95% CI = 144–159 vs. 162, 95% CI = 155–169 mg/dL, P = 0.05). Conclusions: Habitual coffee drinking may increase the chance of returning to normal glycemia in Pre-DM subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Daily activities of medical students require high level of thinking and concentration. This condition can cause longer reaction time. It may reduce the speed and efficiency of mental processes necessary for study. The administration of cocoa and black coffee is expected to improve reaction time, resulting in better cognitive performance. Methods: A quasy experimental study parallel groups pre and posttest design was carried out in Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University. The study included 39 second-year medical students divided into three groups; cocoa (15 mg, n = 13), black coffee (15 mg, n = 13) and control group with mineral water (150 ml, n = 13). Cocoa or black coffee powder were diluted in 150 mL water. Reaction times were Simple Reaction Time Task (SRT) and Choice Reaction Time Task (CRT) measured by Deary Liewald Reaction Time Task software. SRT and CRT measurements were carried out before and after treatment. Results: The black coffee group CRT was fastest (p = 0.001) with delta CRT -54.7 ± 44.86 ms, the cocoa group also became faster (p = 0.007) delta CRT -21.4 ± 24.30 ms while the control group became slower, but not significant (p = 0.9) delta CRT 4.2 ± 31.50 ms. The black coffee group SRT was fastest (p = 0.001) with delta SRT -43.5 ± 55.77 ms, cocoa group also became faster (p = 0.004) delta SRT -16.1 ± 23.80 ms while the control group becomes slower (p = 0.02) delta SRT 17.5 ± 21.86 ms. Conclusion: Cocoa and black coffee administration increased reaction time after daily activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee industry in Indonesia in the short- and long terms has the potential to boost the country's economy which can be seen in the form of structure, behavior, and performance. Market forces affect the market structure in an industry. The formation of the market structure affects a company's behavior which further affects the performance of the company. The data used in this study is sourced from the Central Statistics Agency. The study measures the relationship of structure and other factors that affect the performance of the Indonesian coffee industry using a multiple regression model. Our findings show that the coffee processing industry in Indonesia has an oligopoly structure with a fairly high market barrier. The market behavior of the coffee processing industry is seen in terms of price strategy, products, and promotion. The performance of the coffee processing industry in Indonesia has an increasing trend every year. A positive trend results in good performance for the company so that it will increase the level of profit. Based on the regression results, the Minimum Cost Price which represents the performance of the Indonesian coffee processing industry is significantly influenced by the Efficiency Value. CR4 value and Labor Productivity have no real effect on the Minimum Price Cost. The pattern of the relationship between Efficiency and Labor Productivity to the Minimum Price Cost has a positive effect while CR4 has a negative effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the association of coffee consumption and odds of osteoporosis/osteopenia among individuals older than 50 years in the United States. In NHANES 2005–2014, drinking ≤ 2 cups(16 oz) of coffee per day can reduce the risk of osteoporosis/osteopenia at the femoral neck and lumbar spine in US adults. Previous epidemiological studies revealed that daily coffee intake reduced the incidence of a cluster of metabolic diseases, however, the link between coffee consumption and prevalence of osteoporosis/osteopenia still remain inconclusive and awaits further confirmation. Based on data collection from 2005 to 2014 survey cycles, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a sample size of 8789 participants aged 50 and above completing two nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls were eventually enrolled for analysis. Associations between coffee intake and BMD were assessed. A lower odds of having femoral neck osteopenia/osteoporosis (FOO) was observed in participants with moderate intake of coffee (≤ 2 cups per day), rather than other beverages (OR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72–0.95; p = 0.01). Moreover, significant associations existed between daily caffeine intake and both FOO and lumbar-spine osteopenia/osteoporosis (LOO). Even after adjusting for decaffeinated coffee, tea, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and coffee consumption, osteopenia and osteoporosis the odds remained lower at both femoral and neck levels. Our data suggest moderate habitual coffee intake (≤ 2 cups coffee/day) would have protective effects against osteoporosis/osteopenia of femoral neck and spine, among US adults over the age of 50. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Coffee is one of the tropical crops of great relevance. Mexico occupies one of the first places to produce it. Chiapas is the state that contributes the most significant amount of grain to the national and international market, harvested by organized groups such as cooperatives of origin indigenous. In these regions, cultivation is divided into five stages: cultivation, harvest, wet processing, dry processing and roasting. Thus, the agroecological approach based on the agroforestry system of coffee in the community of Ocotepec allowed generating an intercultural dialogue with a Zoque indigenous cooperative, where its members expressed the need to develop information regarding their production process and thus take the relevant decisions. Concerning environmental impacts. The life cycle analysis was applied as a methodological tool to evaluate the process of producing a kilogram of ground coffee in its honey and specialty varieties offered to the national market, showing the most significant impacts for both types of coffee. Cultivation level (water consumption around 80% and land use with effects close to 98%), wet processing (impacting the ecotoxicity of water sources close to 99% followed by marine ecotoxicity with 73%) and in its distribution stage affecting at least 15 environmental categories, likewise, comparative tests were carried out to calculate the carbon footprint and the water footprint, with shade-grown honey coffee being the type of coffee that has the most negligible environmental impact and contributes the most profits to the cooperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More and more individuals are realizing the need to take time away from their regular lives to recharge their bodies and minds by visiting new places. That's why we reasoned that drinking tea while on holiday would be the most significant element in promoting the growth of the tea tourism sector. We want to bring attention to how, via the medium of tastescape, the ritual of drinking tea may help one better understand the notion of unconventional tourism in India. A tastescape is a combination of physical elements, social norms, and geographical settings. One kind of nature tourism that includes visits to tea plantations is an example of a niche market. Without a question, if you're looking for a place to visit that serves excellent tea, you should make your way to India. If the right marketing campaigns are launched to attract eco-travelers, and if the necessary efforts are made to enhance the quality of the area, the Indian Tea Estates have the potential to become a leading destination for tea tourism. The novelty of this study lies in its exploration of tea tourism prospects in India and the investigation into how the fascination with tea influences the decisions of foreign tourists visiting the country. The research aims to promote travel to India so that more people may learn about and appreciate the tea culture there. Both primary and secondary sources are used in this qualitative study. Features and advertising tactics for luring tourists are described in this research. At this point, we analyze the research data and use it to inform a set of preliminary marketing strategies. The study also found that enhancing a customer's overall impression of a company is one of the most effective ways to encourage repeat business. It is difficult to advance plans to combine the tourism and tea industries due to a lack of personnel and expertise. The difficulty may be overcome if the two parties can work together to mutual benefit. Achieving future achievements will require strengthening the connection between tea and tourism, establishing collaborations, encouraging a higher degree of local engagement, and highlighting local benefits as a way of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for natural antioxidants and phenolics additives is constantly growing, there are a number of aspects that need to be studied before the introduction of technology into production. Therefore, in presented work was studied the antioxidant properties of Stevia products that exist on the European market with comparison them to extracts of in vitro cultures of Stevia plants. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in leaf crops (89%) of in vitro cultures of Stevia rebaudiana which further were selected as components for the development of beverages based on tea, herbs and coffee with improved organoleptic properties. It was estimated that antioxidant activity in different varieties of tea, herbal drinks and coffee was lower compared to the same kinds plus 10% S. rebaudiana leaf culture extracts to be added to beverages. The profile of phenolic compounds in Stevia, tea and coffee consists of a wide range of compounds of phenolic nature, which includes phenolic acids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, catechins but shown different composition. Organoleptic evaluation of beverages (black, green, aronia, hibiscus, chamomile, mint, mate teas, yoga-tea, lapacho, Coffea arabica) and its change under the influence of Stevia additives has been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palm wine (tuak) is a traditional drink recognized worldwide as the traditional drink of Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The history of alcoholic beverages in Indonesia is from the prehistoric era and is recorded in Borobudur, the largest Buddha temple in Indonesia, built in the eighth century. Although Indonesian society has experienced many social and cultural changes, the tradition of tuak production for daily drinks and ceremonies is strong and widespread and has been introduced as a tourism commodity in regions of Indonesia, especially in Bali. However, there are significant challenges in improving this traditional drink's quality and economic value. In this review, we conducted a desktop study and field survey to learn how tuak is part of Indonesian fermented beverage history, especially in Bali, linked to daily life in most traditional communities and supported by local regulators for the existence of this traditional heritage in society and economy. The nutritional composition of tuak comprises monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose, disaccharides including sucrose and maltose, organic acids, and bioactive compounds encompassing saponins, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Additionally, tuak contains minerals, alcohols, and essential aromatic compounds. The microorganisms engaged in the fermentation process predominantly comprise ambient air microbes and plant-associated microbes, with a significant prevalence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces chevalieri, and Zymomonas mobilis. Additionally, Candida tropicalis yeast is present in the microbial consortium involved in the fermentation. This understanding will provide comprehensive information from a socio-economic perspective to preserve production, celebrate culture and to further develop the value of traditional beverages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Coffee stands as the second most widely consumed beverage globally, following water.[1] Recent research on the effects of coffee consumption underscores its positive outcomes when adhering to recommended doses--typically ranging from 2 to 5 cups a day, amounting to a maximum of 400 mg of caffeine daily. This newfound perspective highlights the potential benefits of moderate coffee intake on our overall health and well-being. Aim of the study The objective of this study was to comprehensively review the existing knowledge regarding the impact of coffee consumption on diverse aspects of the gastrointestinal tract. Materials and methodology We systematically searched the PubMed database for relevant literature. Articles were specifically sought in English, employing the following keywords: coffee, caffeine, digestive system, digestion, Helicobacter pylori, and cancer. Results Recent research highlights coffee's diverse benefits, aiding digestion, hastening transit, and showing potential in cancer prevention. It stimulates gastric acid, enhances bile and pancreatic secretion, reduces gallstone risk, promotes large intestine movement, and modulates intestinal flora. Importantly, coffee isn't a primary factor in conditions like reflux, ulcers, inflammatory bowel diseases, or cancer. Conclusions Further research is essential to deepen our understanding of coffee's impact on the digestive system and its systemic effects on the body. Additionally, promoting awareness of safe daily caffeine doses that can contribute to health is worthwhile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Determine the capacities of producer organizations through the presence or absence of territorial governance mechanisms that distinguish the Localized Agrifood System (SIAL) in coffee production in the municipality of Cuetzalan del Progreso. Methodology: Qualitative research methods were applied, with semi-structured interviews as the primary technique, complemented by participant observation, documentary analysis, and fieldwork. Results: These indicate four categories of producer organization based on territorial governance, reflecting the maturity of relational systems among actors and their collective resistance capacity. Limitations: Lack of statistical, census, and cartographic information on coffee producers in the area. Conclusions: Four groups or types of producer organizations were identified within the coffee SIALs, each exhibiting varying levels of consolidation in their territorial governance processes. Consolidated producer organizations demonstrate greater resilience to climate variability and market prices and add more value to their production. In contrast, individual producers with smaller landholdings, who also work as day laborers or market other products, face higher levels of vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Motivation: Tea, derived from the Camellia sinensis plant, holds the position of being the most widely consumed manufactured beverage globally. Its cultivation necessitates specific agro-climatic conditions, leading to its production being confined to select regions, notably including India. India contributes about 20.81% to the world's tea output. The production and processing of tea leaves to final product consume energy in terms of machinery, fertilizer, irrigation etc. The energy consumption involved in tea production is a pressing concern, given the associated high costs and CO2 emissions resulting from fossil fuel usage. To achieve a net-zero carbon balance, there is need to pay attention towards promoting renewable energy technologies as a means to mitigate the CO2 emissions stemming from fossil fuels in India's tea sector. Objectives: Aligned with the objective of sustainability through the integration of renewable energy sources, a pilot study was conducted in the primary teagrowing regions of northeastern India during 2021-22. The primary aims of this study were twofold: to gauge the quantity of CO2 emissions originating from conventional energy sources and to explore the feasibility of incorporating renewable energy sources as viable substitutes. Data and methods: Data on various inputs used in tea production were collected from Assam and West Bengal states of India by using a stratified random sampling method with equal probability and without replacement. Results: The findings of this investigation underscore a noteworthy potential for the adoption of renewable energy, particularly solar energy, within the tea estates situated in the north eastern region of India. Such a transition would yield benefits for both the tea estates themselves and the overall environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the potential benefits of certain beverages in reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It mentions that coffee, soy milk, tea, and wine have shown preventative benefits against AD, but there are varying conclusions on the optimal amount to consume. The article emphasizes the need for more research to provide specific recommendations based on different populations, genders, and genetic factors. The studies cited in the article suggest that coffee may decrease amyloid pathology in the brain, while tea consumption may be associated with an increased risk of AD. Milk and wine are also discussed as potential factors in modulating cognitive decline. Overall, the article highlights the importance of interventions in the preclinical stage of AD and the need for further research in understanding the relationship between these beverages and the disease. [Extracted from the article]

Integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the automotive industry has brought benefits as well as security challenges. Significant benefits include enhanced passenger safety and more comprehensive vehicle performance diagnostics. However, current onboard and remote vehicle diagnostics do not include the ability to detect counterfeit parts. A method is needed to verify authentic parts along the automotive supply chain from manufacture through installation and to coordinate part authentication with a secure database. In this study, we develop an architecture for anti-counterfeiting in automotive supply chains. The core of the architecture consists of a cyber-physical trust anchor and authenticationmechanisms connected to blockchain-based tracking processes with cloud storage. The key parameters for linking a cyber-physical trust anchor in embedded IoT include identifiers (i.e., serial numbers, special features, hashes), authentication algorithms, blockchain, and sensors. A use case was provided by a two-year long implementation of simple trust anchors and tracking for a coffee supply chain which suggests a lowcost part authentication strategy could be successfully applied to vehicles. The challenge is authenticating parts not normally connected to main vehicle communication networks. Therefore, we advance the coffee bean model with an acoustical sensor to differentiate between authentic and counterfeit tires onboard the vehicle. The workload of secure supply chain development can be shared with the development of the connected autonomous vehicle networks, as the fleet performance is degraded by vehicles with questionable replacement parts of uncertain reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assuring the supply of food and drink in the medieval Scottish town, and safeguarding the town's reputation in relation to this, were at the heart of the burgh government's duties. Some foods were specially associated with the poor; conversely, provision and consumption of high-status comestibles was at the core of guild ceremonial, civic pageantry and celebration, and hospitality offered to important visitors. There was a recognised ranking of crafts engaged in food and drink production, and those who failed to meet expectations were threatened with loss of equipment or status - although burgh officers risked their own reputation when they failed to carry out the prescribed penalties. Employers were expected to give meals to their servants and townspeople had a mutual responsibility to provide sustenance for those engaged in public service. Status and reputation, individual and collective, and social relationships, depended on the successful provision of food and drink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common feature of colonial towns in Africa was the 'beer hall', serving traditional sorghum beer under municipal monopoly to the African labour force. This system was designed with a dual purpose - to fund rudimentary welfare and housing services for workers whilst consolidating control of drinking and sociality. But it was oppressive, and therefore lacked legitimacy; beer halls became targets of anti-colonial struggle and faced stiff competition from illicit brewers and drinking dens. Little is known about how colonial authorities considered and addressed these problems. This article shows how authorities in late colonial Bulawayo - in the spirit of postwar developmentalism - attempted to make their municipal liquor enterprise more legitimate, by building a multitude of landscaped community beer gardens serving good quality sorghum beer, and hailing the African welfare, education, recreation and home ownership schemes built from the considerable profits. Notwithstanding this attempt to associate municipal drinking with respectable sociality and socio-cultural development, the Council received (and strenuously rebutted) sustained criticism from Africans and Europeans alike for its heavy promotion of alcohol, which undermined its moral authority as the arbiter of post-war development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jamaican specialty coffee industry operates in an ecologically sensitive landscape that is institutionally, politically and socio‐economically complex. Birthed under colonial rule, the industry has undergone a confluence of events that have shaped its contemporary organisation and exacerbated deeply rooted institutional and structural conditions. Through the lens of environmental justice, the paper sheds light on the plural claims to justice under changing climatic conditions and reveals the politics of adaptation within the context of market capitalism. Using stakeholder interviews, the paper captures the articulations and manifestations of injustice by exploring the local perceptions of procedural justice and justice as recognition. Through an examination of power and politics, the paper begins by contextualising the pre‐existing conditions that shape the disabling environment in which smallholders operate. This includes the neoliberal restructuring of the industry, smallholders' access to low farm gate prices, expensive farm inputs, low‐value chain participation, and limited support services. As these conditions are exacerbated by climate change impacts, the paper then discusses the disparity in justice claims between farmers and industry stakeholders surrounding the deployment of suitable climate change adaptation response. This is an area of contestation, as even though smallholders face multiple stressors, industry leaders have continued to operate the island's major coffee‐producing spaces as areas where profits can be mined and privileges reinforced. Effectively, the smallholder livelihoods embedded within Jamaica's coffee‐producing landscapes have been subjected to asymmetrical structures of power which legitimise whose voices are heard and which adaptation pathway takes precedence, thus generating injustices, nurturing vulnerabilities and stifling agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the study was to evaluate proximate attributes and sensory properties of milk drink produced from cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) and African black plum (Vitex doniana). Specifically, the study determined proximate attributes, vitamins, mineral, flavonoid content and sensory properties of the milk drink. Cashew nuts were bought from Oba market in Nsukka, Enugu State. The cashew nuts were washed thoroughly and soaked for eight hours and stored in the refrigerator. The cashew nuts were washed thoroughly the second time ground with a food blender to obtain the milk. The vitex doniana was washed thoroughly in salted water rinsed thoroughly, skinned and deseeded. Water was added to the pulp, the pulp was pasteurized. The cashew nut milk and vitex doniana pulp were mixed with honey and blended. The instrument used for data collection was the use of standard scientific method of chemical analysis of AOAC, 2010 and an organoleptic test template of 9-point hedonic scale was used. Findings reveal that the drink (drink made with cashew nut and African black plum and honey ( DRMC )is high in energy (289.58 kcal), crude protein(5.85%), fat (10.15%) ash (2.43%) carbohydrate(8.85%) crude fibre(4.01%) moisture(84.77%)zinc (198.33 μg/100g). iron (3821.04μg/100g); potassium (17.58mg/100g), vitamin A, B,C,E, flavonoid(0.65mg/100g) and low level phytate (1.18mg/100g). The produced drink is therefore rich in nutrients and was highly accepted (X̄ = 8.6), texture rated (X̄ = 8.4), appearance (X̄ = 7.8), taste (X̄ = 8.8). Base on the findings three recommendation were made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]