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This research investigates the effect of curing temperature on the shape memory behavior and coating adhesion of polyethylenimine‐based shape memory polyurethane (PEI‐SMPU) to cotton fabric. The study utilized a dip‐coating process to apply a PEI‐SMPU solution to cotton fabrics, followed by curing at temperatures ranging from 100 to 160°C. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed uniform coating, and significant adhesion, and surface roughness was substantially reduced as evidenced by atomic force microscopy. The fabric's shape memory performance improved with increasing cure temperature, exhibiting excellent recovery (90%) at lower SMPU concentrations (1%). The results indicated that the tear strength of the fabric decreased with increasing curing temperature, attributed to constrained yarn mobility due to increased SMPU cross‐linking. The study successfully correlates the thermal and mechanical properties of SMPU‐coated fabrics with the interaction between SMPU and fabric, emphasizing the preservation of their laundering durability after multiple wash cycles. These findings contribute to the development of smart textiles with improved performance and longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to create fire-resistant performance of polyurethane (PU)-coated textiles by adding wool powder as a flame retardant on both cotton and polyester fabrics. A flame-retardant surface was therefore developed by coating the fabrics with a mixture of PU and wool powder and characterised by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results demonstrated that with a coating thickness of 0.5 mm onwards, an improvement in the fire-resistant properties is observed. Unlike fabrics coated only with PU, the addition of wool powder allows the fabrics to resist the flame at 5 and 10 s. Water and air permeability properties of the coated fabrics were also evaluated and show interesting and complementary results. Integration of wool powder as a flame retardant is a promising approach to develop fire-resistant fabrics that can lead to wide applications in fire protection and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cationic starch (CatS) coating of cellulose fabrics enables salt‐free reactive dyeing. However, the relation of the degree of substitution and CatS concentration in the dyeing procedure are open issues. Accordingly, three cationic starches of increasing degree of substitution were used at different concentrations for the coating of cotton fabrics. Fabrics were evaluated for stiffness, dye uptake, dye exhaustion, wash fastness and nitrogen content. With an increasing degree of substitution coating solutions become more viscous, resulting in increased wet pick‐up and less stiff coated fabrics. These fabrics show increasing dye absorption and color generation. Due to the molecular size of the cationic starch, yarn/fiber ring dyeing is supposed present. Specifically, color generation can be adjusted by initial cationic starch coating concentration. Above 5 % CatS concentration ceases to have an increasing coloration effect. Pre‐treating a cellulose fabric with approximately 2.2 % CatS (Ds=0.7) enables similar coloration to a standard reactive dyeing protocol. Light fastness is reduced by 1–1.5 compared to salt‐based reactive dyeing. Rub fastness decreases by 1–2 only for higher substituted cationic starches (Ds=0.7). Nitrogen analysis reveals that a share of the CatS elutes off the fabrics into the dye bath. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function (pBRDF) can describe the changes between the Stokes vectors of incident and reflected light. The existing model can only describe the spatial distribution of the target's polarization characteristics at a single wavelength, so further research is needed for the description of the target's polarized spectral characteristics. In this paper, a modified three-component polarized spectral bidirectional reflectance distribution function (pSBRDF) is proposed, which combines Fresnel equation in the specular reflection component with Cauchy's empirical dispersion equation, by introducing the wavelength variable and dispersion constants that do not change with wavelength. The degree of the linear polarization (DoLP) of two types of coated fabric samples was measured at three incident angles and 400 to 760 nm wavelength. The error of the model in describing the spectral and the spatial distribution of DoLP are controlled within 0.00743 and 0.0757 respectively, which proves the accuracy of the model. This research provides the model basis for analysis of the target's polarization characteristics and the theoretical basis for the application of polarization detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the interest towards textiles with antimicrobial functionalities faced a significant boost. This study proposes a rapid and convenient method, in terms of reactants and equipment, for fabricating antimicrobial coatings on textiles. Through the electroless silver plating reaction, silver coatings were successfully applied on cotton and polyester, rapidly and at room temperature. Functionalized samples were characterized by morphological (optical and scanning electron microscopies) and chemical tests (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS) to investigate the nature of the silver coating. Although distinct nanoparticles did not form, XPS analysis detected the presence of silver, which resulted in an increased surface roughness and hydrophobicity of both cotton and polyester textiles. Ag-coated samples exhibited approximately 80% biocompatibility with murine L929 fibroblasts or human HaCaT cells, and strong antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli in direct contact tests. In antiviral experiments with SARS-CoV-2 virus, treated cotton showed a 100% viral reduction in 30 min, while polyester achieved 100% reduction in 1 h. With a human norovirus surrogate, the Feline Calicivirus, both treated textiles have a faster antiviral response, with more than 60% viral reduction after 5 min, while achieving a 100% reduction in 1 h. In conclusion, this study presents a fast, efficient, and low-cost solution for producing antimicrobial textiles with broad applications in medical and healthcare scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water-repellent coatings are essential for enhancing the durability and sustainability of textiles, paper, and bioplastic polymers. Despite the growing use of sustainable materials, their inherent hydrophilicity presents significant challenges. This review explores advanced coating technologies to address these issues, focusing on their mechanisms, properties, and applications. By imparting water resistance and repellency, these coatings improve material performance and longevity. The environmental impact and limitations of current coatings are critically assessed, highlighting the need for sustainable solutions. This review identifies key trends and challenges, offering insights into developing water-resistant materials that align with environmental goals while meeting industry demands. Key focus areas include coating mechanisms, techniques, performance evaluation, applications, environmental impact assessment, and the development of sustainable coating solutions. This research contributes to the development of water-resistant materials that meet the demands of modern industries while minimizing environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart textiles that promise to become sensors and actuators for multiple applications are an active area of research. Conductive textiles formed by coating a fabric with a conductive film will play a key role in such applications. Here we present contactless mapping of the terahertz (THz) conductivity of thin conductive films deposited on textiles. These conductivity maps enable non-destructive assessment of the conductivity of such layers and therefore the identification and localization of non-uniformities in local conductivity. The THz measurements are quantitatively consistent with four-point probe measurements of the same areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton fabrics with the main constituent of cellulose, which is hydrophilic, bacterial infected, and flammable, are in urgent need of functionalization as a kind of widely applied material. To address these issues, in this work, modified polyelectrolyte complex (MPEC) coatings with polyethylenimine (PEI), polyphosphate (APP), and perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane modified PEI (PFTS‐PEI) are prepared to construct multi‐functionally gradient MPEC coatings on cotton fabrics. Stability and synergistic effects on hydrophobicity, antibacterial activity, and flame retardancy in this system have been studied. Notably, PFTS‐PEI with fluorine and silicone elements are confirmed to provide hydrophobicity and durability for MPEC coatings, which not only has no negative effect on other functions but also makes some improvement in antibacterial activity. This MPEC‐treated cotton fabric finally has an antibacterial rate against S. aureus and E. coli of 99.9% and 96.9%, limiting oxygen index of 28.5% and water contact angle of 118°, which can be almost maintained after 20 times washing. The modified PEC will provide an efficient strategy to achieve durable multi‐functions on cellulose‐based fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart, stimuli‐responsive materials that are also environmentally friendly are highly desired in the fashion and textile industry. For example, thermoresponsive properties show potential in creating dynamic comfort by improving moisture wicking and breathability at high temperatures. Additionally, color change properties provide aesthetic appeal and can be used as flexible sensors for physiological or environmental monitoring. Herein, the integration of bioproduced, thermoresponsive polymers into textiles as coatings that can also deliver pH‐responsive color change is explored. Elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) are recombinant protein biopolymers that exhibit an inverse phase transition when temperature is raised above a tunable transition temperature. To incorporate these into cotton textiles, amino acid residues with functional groups are genetically introduced. These are covalently coupled to oxidized cotton fabric, as well as a pH indicator dye, and copper‐free “click” conjugation handles. Thus, a facile layer‐by‐layer assembly process is used to assemble coatings with tunable thickness. The chemical derivatization of ELPs is shown and how these modifications influence thermoresponsive properties in solution is demonstrated. Cotton fabric is oxidized to introduce carboxylic acid chemical handles and up to ten coats of ELP is layered onto the modified cotton. The coating demonstrates spatiotemporal pH responsive color change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coated fabrics can experience mechanical performance degradation due to environmental factors and long-term stress during service. Hence, studying the mechanical behaviors of these materials after aging is crucial. While PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene)-coated fabrics are more commonly used than PVC (polyvinyl chloride)-coated fabrics, limited research exists on their performance after aging in practical engineering applications. PTFE-coated fabrics are primarily used in large-span fabric structures, where their mechanical performance under tensile-shear stress is crucial. This study aims to investigate the mechanical behaviors of PTFE-coated fabrics after practical aging under tension-shear stress. Test materials included decommissioned Saint-Gobain Sheerfill-II PTFE-coated fabrics, which had served for 23 years at Shanghai Stadium, and identical new fabrics. Monotonic tensile, central tearing, and cyclic tensile tests were conducted at seven different off-axis angles to compare the mechanical properties of aged fabrics with new fabrics, including tensile strength, tearing strength, modulus of elasticity, and ratcheting strain. Additionally, this study explored changes in failure mechanisms, tearing mechanisms, applicability of strength criteria, and suitability of the orthotropic model after aging. This provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical behaviors of aged PTFE-coated fabrics and valuable insights for engineering design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green and facile route was employed for development of smart flame-retardant, antibacterial and reinforced textile fabric's coatings. The multifunctional coatings were fabricated from sustainable chitosan functionalized via one pot method with α-aminophosphonates with different groups (methyl and phenyl groups). Phenyl- and methyl-based α-aminophosphonates were grafted on chitosan chains individually. Additionally, magnetic chitosan-Fe3O4 nanoparticles functionalized α-aminophosphonates-based phenyl moiety were also prepared. Moreover, tetra-n-butylammonium hexafluorophosphate was also dispersed in coating dispersion. The different prepared functionated chitosan was then exploited as efficient flame-retardant, reinforced and antibacterial-based multifunctional coatings for cotton fabrics. Different mass loadings of methyl- and phenyl-based functionalized chitosan and magnetic chitosan were dispersed in chitosan solution and then coated on cotton surface. The influence of mass loading and different side groups was studied. Flammability, tensile strength and antibacterial properties of developed cotton fabrics were evaluated. The flammability of coated cotton fabrics was strongly improved achieving reduction in rate of burning by 48% compared to uncoated one. This is in addition to LOI value of 23.5% compared to 18% for uncoated fabric. This is due to the influence of organic phosphate in coating layer which stimulates the formation of protective char layer. The tensile strength of coated fabrics was improved recording 29% enhancement compared to uncoated one. Moreover, the developed coating layer strongly inhibits the growth of well-known bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, achieving clear antibacterial inhibition zones of 16.7 and 23.6 mm, respectively. Additionally, the flame retardancy mechanism was proposed and elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flame-retardant behavior of flax fabric coated by calcium borate powders with clove-like and elongated morphologies was investigated by thermal analysis and cone calorimeter. PDA was used to form strong and uniform adhesion of calcium borate onto fabric. Thermal analysis showed a 20% of decrease in mass loss, while detected exothermic/endothermic peaks as a result of the degradation of fabric and PDA. Significant reductions in HRR, p-HRR, EHC and CO2 amount were observed for fabric coated by PDA and elongated calcium borate powder. PDA was carbonized at low temperatures and formed a char layer that prevented flame propagation. At the same time, calcium borate powder dilutes the flammable gases in the environment with the release of water within its body. Among the calcium borate powders, rod-like morphology showed the best flame-retardant performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgent need for new, efficient solutions to antibiotic resistance is a serious worldwide healthcare concern. Recently, new classes of antimicrobials known as antimicrobial polymers have played a significant role in tackling multidrug‐resistant bacteria. To achieve this purpose, antimicrobial biodegradable materials made from affordable renewable resources, including polysaccharides, are extensively applied. Here, this study presents a simple one‐pot method for generating powerful antimicrobial polymer using soluble starch and an easily accessible chemical pyridine. The quaternary pyridine‐grafted starch (St‐QP) is prepared and characterized using structural and thermal techniques. To assess the antimicrobial capabilities of the St‐QP for textile application, antimicrobial activities of the St‐QP, antimicrobial activity of the St‐QP‐coated fabric, cytotoxicity, durability of the St‐QP coated fabric, surface morphology of St‐QP coated fabric and antimicrobial activity after washing cycles are also examined. According to the findings, St‐QP and its modified materials have shown good antimicrobial activity against three bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Mycobacterium smegmatis, and the fungus Candida albicans. The St‐QP displays low toxicity to human fibroblasts, and after being coated on fabrics, it shows good durability and antimicrobial activity. The St‐QP coated fabric material shows 80% inhibition for all four microorganisms even after 25 washing cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Conservar Património is the property of Associacao Profissional de Conservadores-Restauradores de Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Conservar Património is the property of Associacao Profissional de Conservadores-Restauradores de Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Conservar Património is the property of Associacao Profissional de Conservadores-Restauradores de Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted to investigate the ability of 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine as an ultraviolet (UV) absorber for the functionalization of cotton fabric. 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine was applied at different concentrations via the pad-dry-cure method, and the structure of the functionalized cotton fabric was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV–Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy. The UV protection properties of the fabrics were measured in terms of UV blocking, and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The results were compared with those of fabrics coated using commonly used UV absorbers, TiO2, and ZnO. The fabric samples coated with 1,3,7- Trimethylxanthine at concentrations of 5% and 10% had low UV transmittance percentages in the UVB region. In particular, the protection rate of the sample treated with 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine at a concentration of 10% was recorded as ultraviolet protection factor of 50+ (UPF 50+). The findings revealed that 1,3,7- Trimethylxanthine provided a non-toxic alternative to TiO2 and ZnO, and the fabrics functionalized with 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine could have a potential application in the field of summer wear and outdoor activewear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to alleviate the thermal‐moisture comfort (TMC) of phase change material (PCM) thermal protective clothing, while simultaneously enhancing thermal protective performance (TPP) by a drip molding process. Nine types of PCM dripped fabrics were prepared by the drip molding process and served as comfort layers of thermal protective clothing. The TMC and TPP of the fabric systems were measured. A new method was proposed to balance the TMC and TPP of thermal protective clothing. The results demonstrated that the drip molding process marginally weakened the TMC while substantially enhancing the TPP of fabric systems. But the TMCs of the PCM dripped fabrics were far larger than the PCM coated fabric. Specifically, an increase in droplet diameter led to a decline in TMC and an improvement in TPP, whereas an increase in droplet interval resulted in an enhancement in TMC and a decrease in TPP. The findings obtained in this study can be used to engineer fabric systems that provide better protection for heat stress and skin burns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the development of electrically conductive bio‐based textiles by investigating the fabrication and structural characterization of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) coatings on viscose fabric (VF) using two bio‐based binders. The research employs various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, water contact angle (WCA) measurements, optical microscopy, air permeability tests, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical property evaluations, and electrical conductivity tests. Optimization of the coating process revealed that a binder concentration of 20 g L−1 combined with six dip‐dry cycles offered the optimal balance of conductivity, water contact angle (WCA), and coating uniformity. The study found distinct correlations between binder type and properties such as WCA, air permeability, surface coverage, and thermal stability. The incorporation of carbon‐based materials significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity of the samples, with MWCNT‐coated fabrics demonstrating higher conductivity compared to those coated with GNP. Furthermore, the inclusion of a hot‐pressing step further improved the electrical conductivity. MWCNT‐coated fabrics exhibited excellent electrical heating properties, generating temperatures up to 130 °C with a 10 V DC voltage. These findings advance the field of e‐textiles, presenting straightforward, bio‐based methods for creating highly conductive textiles with good mechanical properties and thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of research on the impact of the use of an original, innovative method of deposition of Parylene C on the functional properties of fabrics with various potential applications (e.g., thermal and chemical protective clothing, packaging, covers and others). Verification of the effects of the method used was based on interdisciplinary research taking into account the impact of coating fabrics on changes in their structure (micro-CT), surface properties (contact angle), barrier properties (water and chemical liquid wetting), electrostatic properties (charge decay), biophysical properties describing heat and mass transfer (by the Alambeta system and thermal imaging) and flammable properties. Four fabrics made of synthetic organic fibres (meta-aramid, para-aramid) and natural inorganic fibres (basalt) were selected for testing. Given the complex structure of textile substrates, the results confirmed that the two assumed thicknesses of the Parylene C coating were consistent with the actual measurements. The findings indicated that the coatings significantly reduced water and acid absorption in the fabrics compared to unmodified ones. Thermal insulation property tests revealed that coated fabrics exhibited higher thermal conductivity than unmodified fabrics. Additionally, the presence of Parylene C on aramid fabrics resulted in a modest increase in their ignition resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyurethane (PU) coatings are used in diverse applications such as textile coating. Up to today, landfilling is still the most occurring way of processing PU waste. Biodegradation is an alternative route for processing PU waste and decreases the amount of microplastics in the case of landfilling. In this study, a biodegradable PU textile coating was developed. The PU was characterized via Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The PU was thermoplastic and had a melting point of approximately 33 °C. The performance of the coating was studied by assessing the water barrier and mechanical properties. The PU coating completely disintegrated, and the biodegradation of PU was assessed in soil and was almost 60%. Furthermore, the plant toxicity was examined by evaluating seedling emergence and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the fabrication of ambient room temperature responsive shape memory polyurethane (SMPU)‐coated fabric using a simple dip coating method, aiming to enhance the shape memory response of smart textiles. Two SMPU were synthesized using different chain extender 1,4 butanediol (BDO‐SMPU) and polyethylenimine (PEI‐SMPU). Critical parameters such as SMPU concentration, dwell time, and coating solution temperature are optimized to ensure exceptional shape memory performance while also maintaining the fabric's handle, comfort, and durability. We determined that PEI‐SMPU/Cotton fabric exhibits superior memory performance, with a 90.2% shape recovery at a 1% PEI‐SMPU concentration. Conversely, BDO‐SMPU fabric demonstrated a 75.8% shape recovery under different conditions (10% SMPU concentration, 50°C solution temperature). Furthermore, shape recovery is influenced by programming temperature and load; at 35°C and 10 N load, PEI‐SMPU/Cotton significantly outperforms BDO‐SMPU/Cotton, showing about 20% improvement in shape recovery. This study indicates that modifying SMPU from BDO‐SMPU to PEI‐SMPU can notably enhance shape recovery performance at 35°C, marking a significant advancement in human body temperature responsive smart fabric technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving proper dispersion of pigments, dyes, or other additives, such as microcapsules or nanoparticles, within printing pastes or textile coatings is crucial for obtaining a homogeneous result. In certain specialized applications, such as coloration technology, it is possible to use colorimetry tools, visual examination, and even artificial vision to identify defects. However, none of these techniques comprehensively map the specific additive distribution. This paper proposes a novel approach: monitoring the distribution of conductive particles (graphene nanoplatelets, referred to as GNPs) within an acrylic coating paste using the Joule's effect. Four different dispersion systems (ultrasound mixer, blender, toroidal agitation, and three-roll mill) are employed. Thermographic images provide an accurate view of how conductive particles are distributed. This complements data from numerical values, such as the maximum and average temperatures recorded for each sample. In certain cases, relying solely on numerical values can be inadequate or insufficient, hence the novelty of this article emphasizing the significance of using the Joule's effect to assess the distribution of conductive particles. Concerning the mixing systems, optimal dispersion of GNPs in distilled water is most effectively achieved using an ultrasound mixer, with enhanced uniformity as dispersion time increases. For mixing the components of the coating paste, the toroidal agitation method yields the best result. Employing the three-roll mill is discouraged for this application due to its propensity to induce phase separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize thin hybrid films on polyurethane-coated knitted fabrics and to achieve satisfactory color fastness to artificial light. Sol–gel-derived hybrid thin films were deposited via the dip-coating of 3-glycidoxypropiltrimethoxysilane. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopowders were added to compensate for the insufficient aging resistance, which manifests itself in low color fastness and is one of the most frequent complaints from manufacturers of coated marine fabrics (yachts, boats, etc.). The optimum processing conditions were determined by varying the concentration of precursors and auxiliaries, the mass concentration of TiO2 and ZnO nanopowders, the drawing speed, and the methods and process of fabric treatment. The hybrid films were also characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total internal reflection, while Spectraflash SF 300 investigated color fastness. After 300 h of exposure in a xenon chamber, the thin hybrid films showed good color fastness and good resistance to washing cycles. The sol–gel treatment proved to be a successful answer to the manufacturers' need for the post-treatment of polyurethane-coated knitted fabrics against UV radiation for use in the marine sector (yachts, speedboats, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of resins combined with nanoparticles represents the prevailing method for fabricating superhydrophobic fabrics. Nevertheless, a notable drawback in this approach has been the limited durability of these fabrics, constraining their practical applications. In our ground-breaking study, we introduce an innovative and reliable solution to address this durability issue. We demonstrate, for the first time, that biopolymer resins offer a significantly enhanced level of durability to superhydrophobic fabrics when compared to their synthetic counterparts, whether organic or inorganic. Our proposed method employs the dip-coating technique, enabling us to create fabrics capable of maintaining their anti-wetting properties even in the face of mechanical stress. The deposition of this coating on the fabric surface elevates the water contact angle to an impressive 157°, with a sliding angle measuring below 10°. In terms of oils, the fabric surface exhibits superoleophilic behavior, with a contact angle of 0°. Furthermore, our coating exhibits outstanding thermal stability, enduring temperatures of up to 250 °C, while also demonstrating UV resistance for up to 50 hours without any loss of superhydrophobicity. Mechanical stability was also assessed, and the coating proved resilient against abrasion until the appearance of tears on the fabric, without compromising its superhydrophobic properties. Our coated fabric has been effectively employed in separating oil/water mixtures, achieving an exceptional separation efficiency of 99%, a performance that remains consistent across multiple cycles. We envision that these superhydrophobic/superoleophilic fabrics, characterized by their cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, remarkable durability, and ease of industrial scale application, hold immense potential for applications in clothing manufacturing and water/oil separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a soybean oil-based, UV-curable oligomer was synthesized and then included in coating formulations together with lichen particles. The prepared coating formulations were applied on cotton fabrics as an environmentally friendly coating material and cured by a green process (UV-curing). The lichen particles were employed in order to enhance the bonding mechanism between the cotton fabric and coating material by improving the overall mechanical properties as well. For a better compatibility between the lichen particles and oligomer, the lichen surfaces were modified by two different green process (enzyme and UV-light). The synthesized oligomer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies, respectively. The surface modified lichen particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. After the application of bio-based coating formulations, the coated UV-cured fabrics were characterized in terms of surface characteristics and mechanical properties by using light microscopy, tensile, and abrasion resistance testing. According to the overall results, the coated and UV-cured cotton fabrics can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative in terms of coating material and technique, to the conventional petrochemical-coated outdoor textiles (tarpaulin, tent fabric etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive textiles with electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding functionality are highly desirable for growing flexibility requirements of EMI shielding devices. Most extant shielding coatings on textiles rely on rigid nanomaterials, which are susceptible to detachment, and generate a great deal of reflected EM waves. Thus, there is a high demand for shielding coatings on textiles that are stretchable, stable, and capable of suppressing the secondary reflection toward incident EM waves. Liquid metal is a particularly suitable candidate owing to its high electrical conductivity and excellent conformality. Herein, a straightforward coating strategy is developed for fast fabrication of Ion/Clay‐F that is reinforced with ionogel encapsulation. Especially, the method enables the direct transformation of fluid‐like liquid metal into a clay‐like state and the preparation of ionogel sealings from monomer solutions. The resulting Ion/Clay‐F exhibits promising features, including high total EMI shielding effectiveness (SET) (highest value of 49.3 dB for a single layer and an average value of 73.0 dB for three layers), low reflectivity (0.404), improved tensile strength (13.16 MPa) and tolerance in a wide range of temperatures (−18–100 °C). Remarkably, such Ion/Clay‐F outperforms pure cotton fabric in terms of thermal management, delivering superior heat dissipation and thermal insulation properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional fabrics including nano-metal coatings is an advanced application in textile technology that combines the distinctive characteristics of nanoparticles to improve fabric capabilities. These fabrics are meticulously designed to provide a wide range of uses, from protective textiles to high-performance athletics. Nano-metal coatings are added to the textiles to enhance their durability and conductivity. Moreover, examining their electromagnetic and ultraviolet (UV) characteristics indicates the possibility of providing protection against detrimental radiation and enhancing overall safety. This research aims to examine the nanometal coated fabric materials containing Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag) metals, that concentrates on their electromagnetic interference (EMI) and UV protecting characteristics. To achieve this objective, the thermal evaporation under vacuum technique has been employed to apply Cu and Ag coatings onto textile fabric samples. The assessment of the extent of coating on textiles is conducted by the utilization of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Both Ag and Cu coatings have been demonstrated to be beneficial for enhancing the EMI and UV protective characteristics of fabric-materials. Moreover, the implementation of Ag coating has been observed to be better in enhancing the EMI and UV protective capabilities of fabric-materials in the context of textile industries. This research depends on the thermal evaporation approach, which limits the investigation of other methods for coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microencapsulation technology is a versatile approach that offers effective protection for core materials while also solving issues such as leakage and interface bonding. In this study, a simple yet efficient method for producing multifunctional fabric coatings has been proposed by utilizing chitosan/silica hybrid microcapsules. The synthesis of the microcapsules was achieved through a combination of the single condensation method and the sol-gel method. These microcapsules were specifically designed to encapsulate octadecane and paraffin. The microcapsules were structured with a core-shell configuration, and the shell was functionalized with both fluoroalkyl silane (FAS) and choline phosphate (CP) grafts. The resulting microcapsules were added to silicone resins to produce multifunctional fabric coatings. The desired coatings improved the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the fabrics, with a hydrophilic side contact angle of less than 10 ° and a hydrophobic side contact angle of up to 156 °. In addition, compared with untreated fabrics, coated fabrics can achieve a temperature difference of over 6 °C, demonstrating certain thermal insulation properties. Moreover, the coated fabric exhibits excellent antibacterial properties, with an inhibition rate of over 98% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The proposed method provides a promising solution for developing advanced multifunctional fabrics with enhanced properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Older to further improve the the insulation performance of SiO, aerogel coated fabric and deplore the influence of coating process on the performance of SiO, aerogel/potassium hexatitanate whisker composite coated fabric, both single SiO, aerogel coating fabric and SiO, aerogel/potassium hexatitanate whisker composite coating fabric were prepared, and their thermal insulation were tested. The results slow that the thermal insulation performance of the fabric coated with single SiO, aerogel is in direct proportion to the content of thermal insulation particles. The thermal insulation performance of the fabric is further improve^ after doping potassium hexatitanate whiskers. And the thermal insulation performance of the fabric first increases and then decreases with the increase of the SiO, aerogel content. When the ratio of SiO, aerogel to potassium hexatitanate whiskers is 3 : 7, the thermal insulation performance of the coated fabric is the best. The thermal insulation performance of coated fabrics is also affected by the content of polyacrylate. With the increase of polyacrylate content, the thermal insulation performance of coated fabrics shows a downward trend. When the ratio of deionized water to polyacrylate is 9 : 1, the thermal conductivity of the composite coated fabric is the lowest of 0. 231 5 W/( m • K), which is 19. 4% lower than that of the original fabric. When the ratio of polyacrylate to deionized water is 2 : 8, the coated fabric has the lowest temperature rise rate on the inner and surface under heat source irradiation, which is 19. 70 °C lower than that of the original fabric [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrinsically flexible photodetectors are compelling building blocks for next‐generation wearable optoelectronic systems owing to their distinctive advantages of reliable structural durability and versatile scalability for large‐scale production. However, their practical applications are still impeded by the inferior photodetection performance, irreversible device failure after breakage, and serious e‐waste accumulation after service life. Herein, a high‐performance intrinsically flexible, mechanically durable, self‐healable, closed‐loop recyclable, and screen‐printable Te NWs/MoS2 nanosheets/polyimine nanocomposite‐based photodetector are designed by engineering‐ordered‐bridged 1D/2D carrier percolation "fast lanes" in dynamic covalent polyimine matrix via a flow‐designed solution‐shearing method. Such a design provides a sixfold, 20.1‐fold, and 6.9‐fold enhancement in carrier mobility, responsivity (11.68 mA W−1), and detectivity (1.145 × 1010 Jones), respectively, as well as stable photoresponse over eight months or after 50 000 bending‐flattening times. Meanwhile, this photodetector presents excellent self‐healing efficiency and repeatable recyclability for device reconfiguration. Furthermore, these merits can be fully integrated onto textile by assembling nacre‐like Te NWs/MoS2/polyimine nanocomposite coatings on textiles via screen‐printing processes, enabling programmable patterning of photodetection arrays for large‐area image sensing. This work provides a viable approach for the design of shape‐tunable optoelectronics with reliable mechanical durability and customizable functionalities, demonstrating the tremendous potential for large‐scale applications in wearable optoelectronic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose fiber-based textiles are ubiquitous in daily life for their processability, biodegradability, and outstanding flexibility. Integrating cellulose textiles with functional coating materials can unlock their potential functionalities to engage diverse applications. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideal candidate materials for such integration, thanks to their unique merits, such as large specific surface area, tunable pore size, and species diversity. However, achieving scalable fabrication of MOFs-textiles with high mechanical durability remains challenging. Here, we report a facile and scalable strategy for direct MOF growth on cotton fibers grafted via the diazonium chemistry. The as-prepared ZIF-67-Cotton textile (ZIF-67-CT) exhibits excellent ultraviolet (UV) resistance and organic contamination degradation via the peroxymonosulfate activation. The ZIF-67-CT is also used to encapsulate essential oils such as carvacrol to enable antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Additionally, by directly tethering a hydrophobic molecular layer onto the MOF-coated surface, superhydrophobic ZIF-67-CT is achieved with excellent self-cleaning, antifouling, and oil-water separation performances. More importantly, the reported strategy is generic and applicable to other MOFs and cellulose fiber-based materials, and various large-scale multi-functional MOFs-textiles can be successfully manufactured, resulting in vast applications in wastewater purification, fragrance industry, and outdoor gears. Integrating cellulose textiles with functional coating materials can unlock their potential functionalities to engage diverse applications. Here, authors report a generic strategy to achieve highly stable, large-scale, and multifunctional MOFs-textiles via diazonium chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biocide additives are a crucial component in the manufacturing of vinyl‐coated fabrics as they prevent the colonization of microorganisms that may significantly reduce the lifespan of these materials. In this study, we have constructed a vinyl‐coated fabric product entailing the addition of an organic biocide in the compact layer and a silver‐based inorganic biocide in the topcoat layer. The multilayered addition of this dual protective system to the coated fabric rendered an outstanding antimicrobial efficacy that persisted after exposure to real conditions of use that included high temperature, surface cleaning, and abrasion cycles. Changes in the morphology and chemistry of the surface after exposure were monitored by ATR‐FTIR, SEM‐EDS, and apparent water contact angle measurements. These results were also correlated with the antimicrobial efficacy (E. coli and S. aureus) and cell adhesion analysis. Remarkably, the antimicrobial efficacy remained over a 2.0 index even after severe surface wear. In this way, it was demonstrated that the simultaneous use of these two different additives provided a significant reduction in the cell adhesion properties of the vinyl‐coated fabric surface. Thus, the combination of biocides in different layers of the vinyl‐coated fabric herein presented can serve as the starting point for the future development of high‐quality vinyl‐coated fabrics with enhanced and long‐lasting antimicrobial properties to be used in marine outdoor and healthcare environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have fabricated multifunctional conductive fabrics composed of polypyrrole/BaTiO3/poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methylacrylate) (PPy/BaTiO3/P(AN‐co‐MA)(PBA) utilizing a simple process including dip coating and in situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole, which oxidized both ammonium persulfate (APS) and ammonium persulfate + iron (III) chloride (APS + FeCl3) for flexible and wearable textile applications. The influence of the oxidant nature, PPy content, and BaTiO3 on the surface structures, electrochemical, and semiconducting characteristics of the fabrics was examined using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the Mott–Schottky (M–S) studies. The study revealed that the size of the polymer nanostructures on fabric has an impact on the electrochemical impedance properties. Specifically, a decrease in diameter (when FeCl3 + APS is used) or the formation of more compact swelling surface structures (when only APS is used) is associated with changes in the conductivity of the coated fabric. Based on the EIS tests, the composite coating (S0.1, S0.2, and S0.3) with FeCl3 has a higher electrical conductivity compared to the coating with APS (PBA). The M–S tests indicate that the semiconducting characteristics of coated fabrics are dependent upon the kind of oxidant, the amount of PPy, and the presence of BaTiO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: PVD Coatings Enable Textile Wires and Sensors – Process control by adjusted energy ranges Plasma sputtering deposition is a Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) method based on a weakly ionized gas, the plasma, that ablates atoms from a solid target material at vacuum conditions to deposit the sputtered atoms on a substrate. In this way, the plasma has two functions, i) the generation of high‐energy ions of several 100 eV accelerated to the target for sputtering, and ii) to support film growth by plasma‐surface interaction with particles bearing lower energies around ∼10 eV. For both processes, energy thresholds are present, which will be discussed in this article. Plasma sputtering deposition has wide spread industrial applications. As one example, the metallization of polymer fibers is demonstrated to obtain electrically conductive textile sensors and wires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermochromic microcapsules/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coating and silver nanowires (Ag NWs) dispersion were sprayed onto the front and back sides of polyester fabrics by spraying, and the electrothermochromic coated fabrics were prepared. The dispersion, viscosity, and color change performance of the color change coatings as well as the electrothermochromic performance of the coated fabrics were investigated in the ratio of color change coatings and under the conditions of different spraying processes. The results show that when the mass ratio of the thermochromic microcapsules, WPU and deionized water in the coating is 7.2 : 80.0 : 11.8, the viscosity of the color-changing coating is moderate, and the microcapsules are dispersed uniformly, which is conducive to the spraying process. The addition of WPU raised the temperature of the color change response during heating of the coating, but had a relatively minor impact on the temperature or color recovery during cooling. With the increase in the number of times of spraying of the thermochromic coating, the color-change temperature of the fabrics increased, and the maximum color difference became larger. With the increase in the number of times of spraying of Ag NWs dispersion, the electrothermal temperatures of the fabrics increased under the same voltage. When the number of spraying times of Ag NWs dispersion was 8, the color of the electrothermochromic fabric rapidly changed from yellow to colorless at an applied voltage of 3 V, which achieved a good electrically-controlled active color change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding fabrics with excellent electromagnetic shielding performance, oxidation resistance, and structural stability are highly demanded for the rapid development of electronic devices and wireless communication. MXenes are metallic conductive materials with exceptional EMI shielding properties, but they are prone to oxidation in air and have poor structural stability and durability on fabric substrates. Herein, we present a one-step assembly method to fabricate fabrics coated with MXenes and polymeric sodium alginate (SA) composite (MXene-SA). SA protects MXenes from oxidation and forms a stable interlayer structure by bonding to MXenes. The MXene-SA coated fabrics are breathable and flexible, and have a low sheet resistance of 2.12 ± 0.08 Ω/sq and a high EMI shielding performance of 37.05 dB at X-band, which is comparable to the best 42.31 dB. Moreover, the MXene-SA coated fabrics exhibit high structural stability and oxidation resistance under various conditions of sonication disintegration, mechanical abuse, chemical corrosion, and humidity, compared to pure MXenes coated fabrics. We believe that the wearable and high-performance MXene-SA fabrics have great potential for the next generation of ultra-portable and wearable EMI shielding products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovative integration of phase change materials (PCMs) into textiles through microencapsulation presents a transformative approach to developing thermally regulated fabrics. This study explores the synthesis and characterization of microcapsules containing a coconut oil core and an ethylcellulose shell, and their application on cotton fabrics coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers. The dual-layer system involving microcapsules and nanofibers is designed to enhance the thermal insulation properties of textiles by regulating heat through the absorption and release of thermal energy. The microencapsulation of PCMs allows for the effective incorporation of these materials into textiles without altering the fabric's inherent properties. In this study, the coconut oil serves as the PCM, known for its suitable phase change temperature range, while ethylcellulose provides a robust shell, enhancing the microcapsules' structural integrity. The application of a PVA nanofibers layer not only strengthens the thermal regulation properties but also protects the microcapsules from release while the fabric is manipulated, thereby prolonging the functional life of the fabric. Comprehensive testing, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirms the successful application and durability of the microcapsules on the textiles. Thermal imaging studies demonstrate the fabric's enhanced capability to maintain a consistent temperature, highlighting the potential of this technology in applications ranging from smart clothing to energy-efficient building materials or automotive isolation. The integration of PCMs in textiles via microencapsulation and nanofiber technology marks a significant advancement in textile engineering, offering new opportunities for the development of smart and sustainable materials. The study demonstrates the promising potential of integrating PCMs into textiles using microencapsulation and nanofiber technologies. Despite the initially modest insulation improvements, the methodology provides a robust foundation for further research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fire-fighting protective clothing is mostly made of outer layer, waterproof breathable layer and comfort layer, and the weight of the combined sample of 3 layers is directly related to the weight of the protective clothing. In order to enhance the thermal protection performance of the 3-layer composite sample, achieve lightweight fire-fighting protective clothing and improve the efficiency of fire-fighting and rescue, the aramid double-layer fabric and the basalt/flame retardant viscose coated fabric were woven, and the aramid double-layer +PTFE membrane fabric was prepared. Two kinds of comfort layer fabric and one kind of lightweight waterproof breathable layer material were selected to make different combination samples and the thermal protection performance were tested. The test results show that the basalt/flame retardant adhesive coated fabric structure is basically complete after the thermal protection performance test of the 3-layer composite sample, and the PTFE film of the waterproof breathable layer is charred and damaged, and the waterproof performance is lost. The TPP value of the combined sample with an aramid double-layer fabric as the outer layer and an aramid blend concave-convex fabric as the comfort layer is 1 495. 2 kW·s/m², the sample thickness is greater than 3 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document titled "Cover & Contents" is from the September 2024 issue of Chemistry & Industry journal. The issue covers various topics including chemistry lessons for AI, the search for new antibiotics through studying animal hibernation, and the development of touch-sensitive robotics using electronic skin. Other features in the issue include articles on carbon storage, whisky coproducts, recycled soil substitutes, and alternative strategies for antimicrobial resistance. The document also provides contact information for joining the Society of Chemical Industry. [Extracted from the article]

Workwear clothing is one of the essential personal protective equipment for workers and plays a crucial role in preventing the entry of environmental heat into the body and facilitating thermal exchanges between the human body and the environment. Improving the coating of workwear fabrics while maintaining air permeability is considered an engineering control measure to protect workers in environments with thermal stress. This study aimed to optimize the coating of workwear fabrics with TiO2 nanoparticles to enhance thermal insulation properties and air permeability using the response surface methodology (RSM) and MATLAB. The input variables were the titanium isopropoxide volume and reaction time in the ultrasonic, while the output variables were the coating percent, air permeability, and thermal conductivity coefficients. The morphology of TiO2 nanoparticle and coated fabric (FE-SEM, EDS, FTIR, FTIR-ATR, DLS, and XRD), The intrinsic properties of fabrics (Yarn Count, Abrasion Resistance, Tensile, Tearing Strength), the Water Vapor permeability, Surface wetting resistance, and Durability test were evaluated according to the standard methods. No significant differences were observed in the intrinsic properties between the coated and uncoated fabrics. Increasing the coating percent of fabrics with TiO2 nanoparticles was accompanied with a decrease in the thermal conductivity coefficient and an increase in air permeability. The positive effect of nanoparticle coating is a significant step towards introducing a new generation of smart textiles with the potential to improve thermal insulation properties while maintaining air permeability. This advancement aims to preserve and enhance the health and safety of workers exposed to thermal stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in the development of eco-friendly, sustainable, and convenient bio-based coatings to enhance flame retardancy and antibacterial properties in cotton fabrics is growing. In this work, chitosan was protonated at its amino groups using a method with a high atom economy using an equimolar amount of amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP), resulting in the fabrication of a single-component chitosan-based multifunctional coating (ATMP-CS), thereby avoiding any additional neutralization or purification steps. Cotton fabrics coated with various loads of ATMP-CS were prepared through a padding–drying–curing process. The morphology, thermal stability, mechanical properties, antibacterial properties, flame-retardant behavior, and flame-retardant mechanism of these fabrics were investigated. The coating exhibited excellent film-forming properties, and it imparted a uniform protective layer onto the surfaces of the cotton fabrics. When the load capacity reached 11.5%, the coated fabrics achieved a limiting oxygen index of 29.7% and successfully passed the VFT test. Moreover, the ATMP-CS coating demonstrated antibacterial rates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reaching 95.1% and 99.9%, respectively. This work presents a straightforward and gentle approach to fabricating colorless, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient fabric coatings that have potential applications in promoting the use of bio-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A straightforward and green coating is prepared from graphene sheets decorated with MnO2@Polypyrrole for obtaining multifunctional lyocell textiles. A facile ultrasonication approach was developed for the preparation of effectively exfoliated graphene sheets using sodium casein salt (mGRP). A dipping and drying method was used for applying graphene onto the textile. Further, MnO2@Polypyrrole was then prepared on the graphene-modified textile using a new vapor polymerization approach to obtain ternary-coated textiles (LC@mGRP@MOPpy). Different spectroscopic and microscopic analysis techniques were exploited for approving the chemical structure and surface morphology of mGRP, and the various obtained textiles. The thermal, mechanical, electrical resistance, UPF, and flame retardancy behaviors of the fabricated fabrics were evaluated. The electrical resistance of the composite modified textiles was estimated as 10.6 MΩ, which is relatively lower than the pure lyocell fabric (178.9 MΩ). A highly improved ultraviolet protection factor was recorded also for the coated textile (33.74) compared to the pure one (7). Moreover, the flammability tests stated that the rate of burning of coated textile was measured as 0 mm/min compared to the virgin lyocell fabric (125 mm/min). In addition, the afterflame, and glow times were noted as 0 s, and 300 s compared to 17, and 10 s for the uncoated textiles assuring an efficient retardation performance against flame spread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, superoleophobic and superhydrophilic fabrics with self-healing property have been prepared by the use of chitosan (CS), sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), Capstone FS-60 (FS-60), and dopamine hydrochloride as coating materials. The coated fabrics show oil contact angle of 154° for soybean oil, and water droplets can be spread on the surface in 1 s. Notably, it is further demonstrated that the coating has self-healing property. After undergoing home laundering, Martindale abrasion, or acid/base etching, the fabrics lose their superoleophobic and superhydrophilic property, while they can restore the superoleophobic and superhydrophilic property by just being wetted with distilled water and then heated in an oven. Additionally, the coated fabrics prove effective in separating oil/water mixtures. These fabrics, endowed with superoleophobic and superhydrophilic property along with self-healing capability, present innovative features and applications across diverse fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionizing radiation is the energy in the form of waves or particles that has the power to eject electrons from atoms and its main sources are radiological and nuclear medical examinations, cancer treatments, X-rays and gamma rays used in industry, and nuclear accidents. Since ionizing radiation has negative effects on human health, it is important to be protected against it by using shielding materials. In this study, a coating material comprising nano bismuth oxide and waterborne polyurethane (40% w/w WPU and 60% w/w Bi2O3) was developed and applied on to a commercially available, lightweight woven fabrics for fabricating wearable as well as flexible shielding materials. The X-ray shielding performance of the samples was measured as described in standard TS EN 61331-1:2014 at tube voltages of 40 kV, 60 kV, 80 kV, and 100 kV. In addition to the characterization analyses (i.e. SEM–EDS and FTIR), the coated fabrics were also subjected to some textile based performance tests, namely, water contact angle, abrasion, and stiffness in accordance with the relevant standards. The results of nano bismuth oxide and waterborne polyurethane-coated fabrics demonstrated promising results not only for X-ray shielding performance but also for the tested textile properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]