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59 results on '"CNERA Avifaune Migratrice"'

1. Contribution of released captive-bred Mallards to the dynamics of natural populations

Author

Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Mondain-Monval, Jean-Yves, Souchay, Guillaume, Legagneux, Pierre, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Van Ingen, Laura, Bourguemestre, François, Lebreton, Jean-Dominique, Lacalle, Martine, Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, CNERA-Avifaune Migratrice, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération Départementale des Chasseurs de l'Indre, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département de Biologie, Centre de la Science et de la Biodiversité du Québec - Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science (CSBQ - QCBS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; The consequences of releasing captive-bred game animals into the wild have received little attention, despite their potential demographic impact, as well as costs and/or benefits for recipient populations. If restocking aims at increasing harvest opportunities, increased hunting pressure is expected, which would then be supported by either wild or released individuals. On the other hand, the wild recipient population may benefit from the release of captive-bred conspecifics if this reduces hunting pressure on the former through dilution of risk or selective harvesting of captive-bred individuals. Here, we modelled a Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) population consisting of wild individuals supplemented by captive-bred conspecifics, a very common practice in Europe over the last 40 years. The objective was to test the effect of an increase of harvest rate on released and wild individuals, respectively. Our results show that, due to the low reproductive value of the released Mal-lards, the population was hardly affected by a change in harvest of these low performance individuals. Conversely, a 15 percent increase in harvest rate of the wild individuals would lead to a quick decline of the population. We discuss these results in the context of the Camargue population, located in the South of France, which has experienced an increase in Mallard harvest without apparent reduction of population size. We suggest that this has only been possible due to the release of captive-bred Mallards.

Published
2016

2. Spatial dynamics of an invasive bird species assessed using robust design occupancy analysis: the case of the Eurasian collared dove ( Streptopelia decaocto ) in France

Author

Denis Roux, Cyril Eraud, Bruno Faivre, Jean-Marie Boutin, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CNERA Avifaune migratrice - Station de Chizé, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune migratrice - Station de Sault, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Occupancy, Range (biology), Population, Metapopulation, Spatial distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Statistics, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Streptopelia, Conditional probability, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Geography, Spatial ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Aim The study of the spatial dynamics of invasive species is a key issue in invasion ecology. While mathematical models are useful for predicting the extent of population expansions, they are not suitable for measuring and characterizing spatial patterns of invasion unless the probability of detection is homogeneous across the distribution range. Here, we apply recently developed statistical approaches incorporating detection uncertainty to characterize the spatial dynamics of an invasive bird species, the Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto). Location France. Methods Data on presence/absence of doves were recorded from 1996 to 2004 over 1045 grid cells (28 × 20 km) covering the entire country. Each grid cell included five point counts spaced along a route, which was visited twice a year, allowing for an estimation of detection probability. Each route was assigned to one of six geographical regions. We used robust design occupancy analysis to assess spatial and temporal variation in parameters related to the spatial dynamics of the species. These parameters included occupancy rate, colonization and local extinction probabilities. Our inference approach was based on the selection of the most parsimonious model among competitive models parametrized with conditional probabilities. Results The probability of detecting the presence of doves on a given route was high. However, we found evidence to incorporate detection uncertainty in inference processes about spatial dynamics, since detection probability was neither perfect (i.e. it was

Published
2007

3. Large-scale geographic variation in iridescent structural ornaments of a long-distance migratory bird

Author

Cyril Eraud, Vincent Bretagnolle, Pierre Legagneux, Marc Théry, Robert G. Clark, Matthieu Guillemain, Departement de Biologie & Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Prairie and Northern Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Office Nationale de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, CNERA Avifaune migratrice - Station de Chizé, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Range (biology), Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Iridescence, 03 medical and health sciences, Feather, visual_art, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Anas crecca, Animal Science and Zoology, Spatial variability, Reproduction, Mating, Moulting, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, media_common
Abstract

International audience; Iridescent colours produced during moult likely play an important role in pair formation in birds. We sought to quantify geographic variation in such colouration in a duck species, Eurasian teal Anas crecca , in winter (when mating occurs) to evaluate whether this variation refl ects birds ' breeding origins or diff erential individual migration strategies in both males and females. We combined information on feather production region and individual attributes (body size, sex and age) of Eurasian teal from 82 wintering sites in France. Feather production region (moult site or natal origin) was inferred using feather deuterium values ( δ D f ). We performed spectral measurements to evaluate speculum colour and brightness contrasts for 1052 teal collected over four years. Colouration diff ered strongly among wintering regions, with birds wintering in eastern France exhibiting higher colour contrast than those wintering in the west. Body size and colouration were positively related. Th ere were no diff erences in cohort-specifi c δ D f values between separate wintering regions in France, indicating that within a winter quarter teal originated from areas across the entire breeding range. Overall, patterns of spatial variation in feather colouration were related most closely to body size which was consistent with predictions of a diff erential migration hypothesis, with larger and more colour-contrasting birds wintering closer to their breeding grounds. Because moult speed is also known to aff ect colour production, early breeders or individuals that skipped reproduction may have invested more or earlier in their feather quality to gain potential advantages in monopolizing future mates.

Published
2012

4. Individual activity rates in wintering Eurasian woodcocks: starvation versus predation risk trade-off?

Author

Yann Tremblay, Yves Ferrand, Françoise Binet, Olivier Duriez, Hervé Fritz, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice (Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Starvation, Biomass (ecology), [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Foraging, 15. Life on land, Nocturnal, Biology, Trade-off, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 010605 ornithology, Predation, Habitat, medicine, Animal Science and Zoology, Daylight, medicine.symptom, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience; Wintering birds face a trade-off between starvation and predation risk. In Eurasian woodcocks, Scolopax rusticola, habitat use may reflect this trade-off because meadows, where most birds spend the night, are characterized by a higher risk of predation and a higher biomass of food (earthworms) than the woods, used by day.We monitored activity of 34 woodcocks fitted with tiltswitch radiotags. Young birds were more active than adults, probably because they were less efficient at foraging. In general, nocturnal activity was inversely correlated with air temperature and with daylight foraging activity, suggesting some compensatory mechanism, modulated by thermoregulatory constraints. Individual activity patterns differed, and we classified woodcocks according to three main wintering strategies: ‘always', ‘sometimes' or ‘never' visiting fields at night. The decision to fly to fields at night seemed to be taken every evening, according to the amount of daylight foraging activity in woods and the air temperature. After feeding in a rich patch of food on a mild day, woodcocks did not have to risk going to meadows. Conversely, in patches of fewer food resources or at lower temperatures or both, woodcocks could not meet all their energy requirements without going to fields at night (where there was always sufficient food) and eventually, changing their diurnal sites. Therefore, the trade-off between feeding and predation risk depends on how efficiently birds find a rich patch of food in the forest and exploit it optimally during the day.

Published
2005

5. Habitat selection of the Eurasian woodcock in winter in relation to earthworms availability

Author

Olivier Duriez, Hervé Fritz, Françoise Binet, Yves Ferrand, François Gossmann, Eve Corda, Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNERA-Avifaune Migratrice (ONCFS), ONCFS, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice (ONCFS), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Fauna, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Woodcock, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Shrub, Compositional analysis, Scolopax rusticola, Habitat changes, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Biomass (ecology), Eurasian woodcock, biology, ved/biology, Ecology, Agroforestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Humus, Geography, Habitat, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Conservation status, Sustainable management, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Lumbricidae
Abstract

12 pages; International audience; The Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) is a game species experiencing high hunting pressure, long-term modifications of its habitats, and with questions regarding its current conservation status. Winter is a season of highest concentration of birds and hunting pressure but woodcock precise habitat requirements are poorly known. It is crucial to assess threats and to develop sustainable management options for the conservation of woodcock populations. During three consecutive winters, we monitored 65 individual woodcocks fitted with radio-tags in Brittany, France. Habitat selection was analysed using GIS and compositional analysis, in relation to vegetation types, soil variables (humus types) and the abundance of their main prey (earthworms). Woodcocks used different habitats diurnally and nocturnally, generally preferring areas with high earthworm biomass. Diurnal habitat selection in forests was associated with humus type (preference for mulls, rich in earthworms) and dense shrub strata (better protection). Hedges with a high density of trees and shrub were also important habitat. At night, grazed meadows were the preferred habitat, containing five times higher biomass of earthworms compared to cultivated fields. Sustainable management of populations requires protection and management of habitats that incorporates food and cover. Forestry practices should preserve rich humus types and coppices by choosing tree species that ameliorate the soil and soil tilling. Changes in landscapes and intensive agricultural practices are current threats to woodcock populations: destruction of hedges, decrease of permanent grazed meadows, impoverishment of soils fauna biomasses from ploughing and chemical applications. However, woodcocks may benefit from the recent development of set-asides, grass field-borders and simplified farm practices (no-tillage and direct sowing).

Published
2005

6. Factors affecting population dynamics of Eurasian woodcocks wintering in France: assessing the efficiency of a hunting-free reserve

Author

Cyril Eraud, Christophe Barbraud, Yves Ferrand, Olivier Duriez, Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Avifaune Migratrice (CNERA), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNERA-Avifaune Migratrice (ONCFS), Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Avifaune Migratrice ( CNERA ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé ( CEBC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CNERA-Avifaune Migratrice ( ONCFS ), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Eurasian woodcock, Survival, Game species, Population, Predation, Woodcock, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, Hunting effect, Scolopax rusticola, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Overwintering, Population matrix model, Nature and Landscape Conservation, education.field_of_study, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Ecology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Habitat destruction, Geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Winter weather
Abstract

International audience; The Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola is a migratory bird of major importance for hunting, which is susceptible to habitat loss and the stochastic effects of severe winter weather. Conservation issues mostly concerned regulation of hunting, but the efficiency of hunting-free reserves has never been investigated. We studied causes of mortality and survival probabilities of 98 radio-tagged woodcocks in a reserve with no hunting and in an adjoining hunting area in Brittany (France). Predation, mostly by mammalian predators on fields at night, was similar among adults and yearlings, while hunting mortality was more important in yearlings. Overall winter survival probabilities were 0.86 ± SE 0.07 in adults and 0.63 ± SE 0.07 in yearlings. Survival probabilities of both age classes increased as birds spent more time in the reserve. Equality of predation in both reserve and hunting areas suggests an additive mortality due to hunting over the winter. Population matrix models predicted that such low survival probabilities cannot sustain long term viable populations. These results call for caution in the harvesting of woodcock populations wintering in western France and could be a forewarning of a decline. The regulation of hunting by setting bag limits or reducing the length of shooting seasons, or the creation of reserves might be appropriate tools for the sustainable management of woodcock populations.

Published
2005

7. Low levels of energy expenditure in a nocturnal forest-dwelling wader the Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola

Author

Olivier Duriez, Laurence Pastout-Lucchini, Mathieu Boos, Olivier Chastel, Herve Fritz, Yves Ferrand, Jean Clobert, Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bonnet, Delphine, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice (O.N.C.F.S.), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice (ONCFS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), and Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, thermoregulation, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, FMR, inland waders, Scolopax rusticola, BMR, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, T3
Abstract

12 pages; National audience; Ecological energetics have been extensively studied in the Scolopacidae, but mostly focused on coastal and wetland species. Living in forests and meadows, the Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola (mean body mass 317 g) is an exceptional species among waders. Standard Metabolic Rate (SMR, including Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and thermoregulation costs, measured at rest in a respirometer chamber) and T3 hormone levels were measured on wild woodcocks wintering in France. While the Lower Critical Temperature followed predictions from allometric equations (17.5°C), BMR was low (1.2 W) and plumage insulation high compared with other shorebirds. T3 was positively correlated with SMR in the laboratory. In the field, we used T3 levels to predict Field Metabolic Rate (FMR); in winter the average FMR was around 2.8 times BMR (3.4 W). The energetic requirements of Eurasian woodcocks are lower than those of typical waders living in windy unsheltered habitats, which in turn may lead to their low BMR. Woodcocks could save energy by resting during the day in sheltered habitat and being active at night, when the costs for thermoregulation are higher.

Published
2004

8. Pesticides threaten an endemic raptor in an overseas French territory

Author

Michael Coeurdassier, Mickaël Sage, Steve Augiron, Virginie Lattard, Isabelle Fourel, François-Xavier Couzi, Alexandre Villers, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice (Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Société d'études ornithologiques de la Réunion (SEOR), CD Eau Environnement, Rongeurs Sauvages, Risques Sanitaires et Gestion des Populations - UR 1233 (RS2GP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), DEAL Reunion, VetAgro Sup (INRA), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Anticoagulant rodenticide, Difenacoum, Mitigation, Bromadiolone, Endangered species, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Circus maillardi, Secondary poisoning, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Nature and Landscape Conservation, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Poisoning, Harrier, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, House mice, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Reunion harrier, Brodifacoum
Abstract

International audience; The Reunion harrier is an endangered raptor that is endemic to Reunion Island. Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are widely applied on the island to prevent leptospirosis transmission to humans and limit the damage to sugarcane crops caused by rats and house mice. As these pesticides exhibit a high risk of secondary poisoning for rodent predators, we examined whether the Reunion harriers were exposed to and potentially poisoned by ARs. The AR concentrations in the livers of 58 harrier carcasses collected from 1999 to 2016 were measured. Both the temporal and spatial trends were analysed, and the influences of individual and landscape characteristics on the liver concentrations and potential poisoning were determined. AR residues were detected in 93% of the harriers. Difenacoum was the most frequently found (73% of positive races), while brodifacoum and bromadiolone showed the highest concentrations. Both the numbers of harriers exposed to ARs and of individuals that were potentially poisoned increased over time. This is particularly alarming as the number of harriers potentially poisoned by brodifacoum increased dramatically beginning in 2014. We also showed that the landscape composition of the townships influenced the AR exposure, as the concentrations increased with the proportion of urban areas and showed a peak at 25% of the township under sugarcane cultivation. We conclude that AR poisoning is likely a main threat for Reunion harrier conservation and propose several actions to limit poisoning.

Published
2019

9. Avis de l’Anses relatif à « l’évaluation de l'impact des activités en forêt sur les risques d’introduction et de diffusion de la Peste Porcine Africaine sur le territoire national ». Première partie

Author

Saegerman, Claude, Baubet, Eric, Belloc, Catherine, Collin, Eric, Fischer, Claude, Hars, Jean, Le Potier, Marie-Frédérique, López-Olvera, Jorge Ramón, Sapede-Peroz, Carole, Rose, Nicolas, Rossi, Sophie, Vaillancourt, Jean-Pierre, Dunoyer, Charlotte, Petit, Karine, Université de Liège, Office Nationale de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Clinique Vétérinaire, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Haute Ecole du Paysage, d'Ingénierie et d'Architecture de Genève (HEPIA), Laboratoire de Ploufragan - Plouzané, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Office Nationale de la chasse et faune sauvage (ONCFS), ONCFS, Université de Montréal (UdeM), and Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER)

Subjects
Virus diffusion, Chasse, Diffusion de virus, MESH: African swine fever, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Déplacement collectif d'animaux, Introduction de virus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Virus spread, Wildlife, Wild boar, Virus introduction, Faune sauvage, Sanglier sauvage, Peste porcine africaine, Propagation de virus, Hunting, African swine fever
Abstract

Deux cas de Peste Porcine Africaine (PPA) ont été confirmés en Belgique le 13 septembre 2018 sur des sangliers sauvages en Belgique (commune d'Etalle), à une quinzaine de kilomètres de la frontière. Une zone infectée a été définie (couvrant près de 63 000 ha) au seinde laquelle toute chasse, toute activité forestière et tout mouvement de porcs domestiques ont été interdits.En France, une zone d’observation renforcée (ZOR) couvrant 133 communes sur trois départements a aussi été définie et, le 08/10/2018, un arrêté ministériel a interdit la chasse et toute activité d’exploitation, de travaux forestiers, de chargement et de transport de bois,l’accès et le déplacement des personnes et des biens au sein des forêts, afin de limiter les mouvements de sangliers.Le 12 octobre 2018, les autorités belges ont procédé à une modification de leur zonage en scindant la zone infectée en trois zones avec des mesures redéfinies selon les zones et applicables à partir du 15/10/2018. Dans la zone d’observation renforcée belge, la chasse auxsangliers et aux autres espèces est interdite sauf la chasse à l’approche, à l’affût et en battue silencieuse. Les activités d’exploitation et travaux forestiers y sont autorisées.En France, suite à ces évolutions et aux recommandations des experts de l’Union européenne (visite en France les 18 et 19/10/2018), la signature d’un nouvel arrêté a conduit à réduire la ZOR à 53 communes et à ré-autoriser la chasse (sans chien) ainsi que toutes les activitésforestières citées ci-dessus. La reprise de ces activités a été justifiée à la fois par les résultats favorables de la surveillance ainsi que par la nécessité de coordonner les mesures de part et d’autre de la frontière. Cependant, ces activités de chasse, d’exploitation et de loisir en forêtqui ont été ré-autorisées ne semblent pas faire consensus quant à leur impact sur les mouvements de sangliers et la diffusion de la PPA sur un territoire. De plus, l’objectif de diminution drastique et rapide des populations de sangliers dans la ZOR ne pourra, de l’avisdes fédérations de chasseurs, être atteint avec une chasse sans chien.Dans ce contexte, et en prévision d'une évolution sanitaire défavorable éventuelle, la DGAL a saisi l’Anses le 16 novembre 2018 (cf annexe 2) pour une évaluation du risque représenté par différentes activités humaines sur la diffusion du virus de la peste porcine africaine, qu'ils'agisse d'une diffusion par mouvements de sangliers, ou par transmission indirecte sur des supports inertes (roues de véhicules, bottes, ..). Les activités concernées par la saisine sont les suivantes :- les différentes formes de chasse (à l’affût, à l’approche et en battue), avec et sans chien et leur fréquence (notamment les battues) ;- le tir de nuit avec ou sans utilisation de silencieux ;- les activités d’exploitation et de travaux forestiers (coupes de bois, martelage, débardage, chargement de grumes,..)- les activités de loisirs au sein des forêts, individuelles (promeneurs, ..) ou collectives (manifestations sportives).En Belgique, à la date du 27 novembre 2018, 184 cas de PPA ont été confirmés sur des sangliers sauvages dans la zone infectée. Par ailleurs, le zonage en Belgique a été modifié le 23/11/2018 en concertation avec la Commission européenne : la zone infectée est désormais divisée en 3 zones : une zone II issue de la fusion entre la zone cœur et la zone tampon (zones où sont constatés les cas de PPA chez les sangliers), une zone I Nord, considérée comme une zone d’observation renforcée au nord de la zone II et une zone I sud, égalementconsidérée comme une zone d’observation renforcée au sud de la zone II.Deux clôtures de type Ursus sont déployées en Belgique : plus de 30 km de clôtures d'1m20 de hauteur ont été installées entre Valansart, Virton et Aubange sur la ligne de démarcation entre la zone II et la zone I sud.En outre, des clôtures électriques ont été installées et sont entretenues par les fédérations de chasseurs le long de la frontière franco-belge.

Published
2019

10. Unravelling migration connectivity reveals unsustainable hunting of the declining ortolan bunting

Author

JIGUET, Frédéric, Robert, Alexandre, Lorrillière, Romain, Hobson, Keith, Kardynal, Kevin, Arlettaz, Raphaël, Bairlein, Franz, Belik, Viktor, Bernardy, Petra, Copete, José, Czajkowski, Michel, Dale, Svein, Dombrovski, Valery, Ducros, Delphine, Efrat, Ron, ELTS, JAANUS, Ferrand, Yves, Marja, Riho, Minkevicius, Simonas, Olsson, Peter, Perez, Marc, Piha, Markus, Raković, Marko, Schmaljohann, Heiko, Seimola, Tuomas, Selstam, Gunnar, Siblet, Jean-Philippe, Skierczyńki, Michał, Sokolov, Alexandr, Sondell, Jan, Moussy, Caroline, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Institute of Avian Research 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Institute for Avian Research, Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Conseil General des Landes, Region Aquitaine, Region Nouvelle Aquitaine, Federation Departementale des Chasseurs des Landes [FDC40], Association Departementale des Chasses Traditionnelles a la Matole (ADCTM), French Ministry, Labex BCDiv at MNHN (CNRS), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Swiss federal office for environment [254, 332, 363, 400], Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) [SCHM 2647/1-2], Kvismare Bird Observatory, [N N304 0198 40], Zoology, and Finnish Museum of Natural History

Subjects
Male, INBREEDING DEPRESSION, Conservation of Natural Resources, EMBERIZA-HORTULANA, Population Dynamics, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Middle East, CAPTURE-RECAPTURE, Isotopes, Animals, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Human Activities, European Union, Passeriformes, RATES, COLLAPSE, Research Articles, POPULATION, Probability, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Geography, Ecology, Norway, Endangered Species, SciAdv r-articles, Bayes Theorem, Deuterium, REPRODUCTION, EXTINCTION, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), Animal Migration, Female, INFERENCE, France, Seasons, FARMLAND BIRD, Research Article
Abstract

Targeting bird migration connectivity adressed a pressing conservation policy question to save ortolan buntings., In France, illegal hunting of the endangered ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana has been defended for the sake of tradition and gastronomy. Hunters argued that ortolan buntings trapped in southwest France originate from large and stable populations across the whole of Europe. Yet, the European Commission referred France to the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) in December 2016 for infringements to legislation (IP/16/4213). To better assess the impact of hunting in France, we combined Pan-European data from archival light loggers, stable isotopes, and genetics to determine the migration strategy of the species across continents. Ortolan buntings migrating through France come from northern and western populations, which are small, fragmented and declining. Population viability modeling further revealed that harvesting in southwest France is far from sustainable and increases extinction risk. These results provide the sufficient scientific evidence for justifying the ban on ortolan harvesting in France.

Published
2019

11. Dispersal-dependent juvenile survival in a sexually dimorphic long-lived bird, the Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus

Author

Arnaud Béchet, Christophe Barbraud, Christophe Germain, Guillaume Souchay, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, post-fledging, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, intraspecific competition, Fledge, metapopulation, Zoology, Metapopulation, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, E-Surge, fitness, Sexual dimorphism, Survivorship curve, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, Juvenile, Greater flamingo, body condition
Abstract

The viability and dynamics of spatially structured populations depend critically upon dispersal behaviour. Yet, in long lived species with delayed maturity, the fitness consequences of post-fledging dispersal, dispersal from the birthplace after independence and before first breeding attempt, are poorly understood although it is a critical determinant of natal dispersal.We aimed at estimating sex-specific variations of juvenile survival in a long-lived bird species with sexual size dimorphism, the greater flamingo, as a function of post fledging dispersal destination. Using capture-recapture models, we estimated the survivorship of flamingos ringed in the Camargue (south of France) and wintering in the Mediterranean.Dispersal probability from France was > 0.66 with important annual variations in preferred dispersal destinations. First-year survival increased along the winter temperature gradient with estimates below 0.50 ± 0.07 in France and above 0.60 ± 0.07 in African wetlands. The survival of flamingos wintering in France dropped by 30–50 % depending on sex between fall and spring of their first year.In African sites and in Italy, there was no detectable difference of survival between sexes suggesting favorable wintering conditions. Body condition at fledging did not explain variations in first-fall survival within genders. Males wintering in France had a better survival than females.These results show that sex and post-fledging dispersal destination affect juvenile survival, support theenergetichypothesis predicting an advantage of large body size to cope with cold temperatures and thecompetitionhypothesis, and suggest the existence of sex-specific post fledging dispersal tactics.

Published
2018
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12. Cartographie de l'occupation du sol à partir d'une classification orientée objet d'une image Pléiades: exemple d'une zone forestière de Russie après les incendies de l'été 2010

Author

Sitbon, Paul, Gossmann, François, Lacaze, Bernard, Lacaze, Bernard, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Pôle Image de l'Université Paris Diderot – Paris 7, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice (Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aouragh, Mbark

Subjects
object oriented classification, incendies de forêts, régénération forestière, Russie, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Russia, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Pléiades images, forest regrowth, Landsat images, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, wildfires, Forêt boréale, classification orientée objet, Boreal forest, images Pléiades, images Landsat
Abstract

In western part of Russia a high number of wildfires occurred in July-August, 2010 (almost 30,000 fires, with more than 1 million hectares burnt). Extreme heatwaves are made more likely by climate change, and the frequency of forest fires has increased 30-50% in the last 30 years. During 2016, 3.5 million hectares were burnt in Siberia (according to satellite imagery analysis), while government statistics claim only 669,000 hectares. Mapping land-cover and monitoring boreal forest regrowth after 2010 fires using remote sensing imagery is the main objective of this study. The sudy area is located in Russia, 300km far from Moscow, near Mosta city in Ivanova oblast (latitude 42°10’ N, longitude 56° 38’ E). We used Pléiades images recorded on June 5, 2013, 3 years after forest fires.. In addition, we processed 2 Landsat ETM images,obtained before fire (2009) and 1 year after fire (2011). Ground checks have been done in July, 2013, including 106 sample plots for collecting information about vegetation structure and cover-abundance of dominant species using Braun-Blanquet scale.Methodological approaches combine supervised and expertised classifications, implemented with ENVI Fx (Feature Extraction module) and eCognition, and using several algortihms (KNN, SVM, fuzzy logic). First level of classification (4 classes : water, unburnt forest, forest burnt only 2010, forest burnt 2010 and before) is obtained from processing Landsat images; in addition, bog delimtation has been done by manual digitization. The second level of classifications involves segmentation of Pléiades images and object-oriented classifications. Training areas and control areas have been selected to implement the supervised classification approach. The separability of thematic classes is evaluated through visualisation of 2-dimensional scattergrams of red and near infrared channels and of NDVI and brightness indices. From the analysis of separabilty its is concluded that the best combination of input data is obtained when using 8 parameters: means in green, red and PIR spectral channels, NDVI, brightness index, standard-deviations in green, PIR and NDVI.After segmentation, several classification methods have been used and compared. The best classification results were obtained with supervised and expertised classification using eCognition. Twelve thematic classes have been mapped : shadow, open water, water inside bog, bare soil, bog, herbaceous vegetation coniferous forest, broadleaf forest, mixed forest, and three levels of regeneration of burnt forest (low, medium and high). Evaluation of classification results is done through elaboration of confusion matrices with 67 control areas, and using producer’s accuracy, user’s accuracy and Kappa index (0.81). With ENVI Fx, best classification accuracy is lower (Kappa = 0.70).These results demonstrate the possible use of Pléiades images for mapping and monitoring land cover and boreal forest regrowth after fire., La zone d’étude, occupée par une végétation de type forêt boréale (taïga), est située en Russie à environ 300 km de Moscou, dans l’oblast d’Ivanovo, près de la ville de Mosta (latitude 42°10’ N, longitude 56° 38’ E). Le but de l’étude est la cartographie de l’occupation du sol, avec une focalisation sur la caractérisation de la reprise de la végétation après les incendies survenus en juillet 2010. Les données-satellites utilisées sont des images Pléiades acquises le 5 juin 2013 (2m de résolution, 4 bandes spectrales), complétées par 2 images Landsat ETM, obtenues respectivement en 2009 et 2011. Des relevés de terrain ont été effectués en juillet 2013 sur 106 parcelles pour identifier les espèces dominantes et leur recouvrement. Deux logiciels de traitement d’image ont été utilisés : ENVI Fx (« Feature Extraction ») et eCognition. L’approche combine classifications dirigées (supervisées) et classifications expertisées, avec une comparaison de plusieurs algorithmes de classement. La cartographie de niveau 1 en 5 classes est réalisée à partir des images Landsat, la classification de niveau 2 en 12 classes repose sur la classification orientée objet des images Pléiades. Les observations sur 67 zones de contrôle ont permis d’évaluer la précision des classifications réalisées. La meilleure classification est obtenue à partir de la segmentation réalisée avec eCognition, en utilisant un algorithme de type plus proches voisins (KNN) et logique floue ; l’indice Kappa est de 0,81. Ce résultat suggère la possibilité de réaliser un suivi de la végétation forestière à partir des image Pléiades, en mettant en évidence 3 niveaux d’intensité de régénération de la forêt après incendies.

Published
2018

13. The use of rice fields by wintering ducks : towards mutual benefits for ducks and farmers

Author

Pernollet, Claire, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice (Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Université Montpellier, and Matthieu Guillemain

Subjects
Habitat management, Aménagement des habitats, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Wintering ducks, Rice fields, Rizières, Food Availability, Canards hivernants, Disponibilité en nourriture, Agroecosystems, Services écosystémiques, Agroécosystèmes, Ecosystem Services
Abstract

Rice fields provide foraging habitat to waterfowl during migration, breeding and wintering seasons. In the latter case, food availability (waste rice, weed seeds or invertebrates) seems to be strongly influenced by post-harvest agricultural practices. This project aims at testing alternative post-harvest practices to the traditional burning-mowing in the Camargue in order to assess their consequences in terms of food availability and field use by wintering ducks. Different post-harvest treatments (flooding, burning, mowing, disking and their combinations) were conducted. The amount of seeds (rice + weeds) available through time was assessed, from harvest in Sept-Oct until March, and duck use of these fields during the day and during the night was simultaneously monitored. In parallel, we studied potential agronomic benefit of specific post harvest practices and we searched a mutually beneficial solution that provides needed wintering ducks habitat and is acceptable to rice farmers with limited costs.; Les rizières constituent des habitats favorables pour les oiseaux d’eau, en particulier en tant que halte migratoire, zone de reproduction ou site d’alimentation hivernal. Dans ce dernier cas, la disponibilité des ressources alimentaires (grains de riz non ramassés, graines d’adventices ou invertébrés) semble être fortement influencée par les pratiques culturales post-récolte. Ce projet vise à tester des pratiques post-récolte alternatives au brûlage-labour traditionnellement mis en place en Camargue afin de mesurer les conséquences en termes de disponibilité de nourriture et de fréquentation des parcelles par les canards hivernants. Différents traitements post-récolte (inondation, brûlage, labour, disquage et leurs combinaisons) ont été testés. Nous avons réalisé un suivi de la quantité de graines (riz, adventices) disponibles au cours du temps, depuis la récolte en Septembre-Octobre jusqu'en Mars ainsi qu’un suivi de l'usage des parcelles par les canards pendant la journée et pendant la nuit. En parallèle, nous avons étudié les bénéfices agronomiques potentiels de certaines pratiques en interculure et nous avons cherché à identifier une solution mutuellement bénéfique, répondant aux besoins d’habitat d'hivernage des canards et à ceux des riziculteurs, le tout à moindre coût.

Published
2016

14. Robust estimation of survival and contribution of captive-bred Mallards Anas platyrhynchos to a wild population in a large-scale release programme

Author

Pablo Inchausti, Vincent Bretagnolle, Guillaume Souchay, Jocelyn Champagnon, Laura van Ingen, Matthieu Guillemain, Pierre Legagneux, François Bourguemestre, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Office Nationale de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Avifaune Migratrice (ONCFS), ONCFS, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département de Biologie & Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UCUR), Fédération Départementale des Chasseurs de l'Indre, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UDELAR), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Anas, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Population, Zoology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Robust design, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Waterfowl, Seasonal breeder, Biological dispersal, Animal Science and Zoology, Captive bred, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Local adaptation
Abstract

International audience; The survival of captive-bred individuals from release into the wild to their first breeding season is crucial to assess the success of reintroduction or translocation programmes, and to assess their potential impact of wild populations. However, assessing the survival of captive-bred individuals following their release is often complicated by immediate dispersal once in the wild. Here, we apply Lindberg's robust design model, a method that incorporates emigration from the study site, to obtain true estimates of survival of captive-bred Mallards Anas platyrhynchos, a common duck species released on a large scale in Europe since the 1970s. Overall survival rate from release in July until the onset of the next breeding season in April was low (0.18 ± 0.07 se) and equivalent to half the first-year survival of local wild Mallards. Higher overall detectability and temporary emigration during the hunting period revealed movements in response to hunting pressure. Such low survival of released Mallards during their first year may help prevent large-scale genetic mixing with the wild population. Nevertheless, by combining our results with regional waterfowl counts, we estimated that a minimum of 34% of the Mallards in the region were of captive origin at the onset of the breeding season. Although most released birds quickly die, restocking for hunting may be of sufficient magnitude to affect the wild population through genetic homogenization or loss of local adaptation. Robust design protocols allow for the estimation of true survival estimates by controlling for permanent and temporary emigration and may require only a moderate increase in fieldwork effort.

Published
2016

15. Cold tolerance and sex-dependent hypothermia may explain winter sexual segregation in a farmland bird

Author

Cyril Eraud, Vincent Bretagnolle, Thibaut Powolny, Olivier Lourdais, Andréaz Dupoué, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (CNERA-Avifaune Migratrice), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Oiseaux Migrateurs du Paléarctique Occidental, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)

Subjects
Male, 030110 physiology, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Cold tolerance, latitudinal gradient, sexual segregation, Zoology, Biology, Body weight, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Intraspecific competition, Body Temperature, 03 medical and health sciences, differential migration, medicine, Animals, Passeriformes, Sex Characteristics, Ecology, Body Weight, cold tolerance, Hypothermia, Cold Temperature, Sexual dimorphism, Basal metabolic rate, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Migration, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Basal Metabolism, France, medicine.symptom, hypothermia, metabolic rates, Sex ratio, Sex characteristics
Abstract

International audience; Migration is an important event in the life cycle of many organisms, but considerable intraspecific variation may occur in its timing and/or destination, resulting in sexual segregation during wintering periods. In this study, we tested the body size hypothesis, or cold tolerance hypothesis, which predicts that body size dimorphism modulates metabolic costs associated with cold climate. Using the Eurasian skylark, we first investigated whether this species showed sexual differential migration. Then we explored the body size hypothesis by experimentally testing the effect of low ambient temperature (Ta) on both metabolic rate (MR) and body temperature (Tb). We tested for sex-related differences in metabolism and in energy-saving mechanism (hypothermia). We found clear differential migration by sex in skylark wintering populations, with a male-biased sex ratio decreasing toward southern latitudes. Measurements on captive birds at 20°, 6°, and −5°C demonstrated a significant increase in MR when Ta decreased, but there is no difference between sexes. While both males and females reduced their Tb overnight, Tb reduction was more pronounced in females exposed to the coldest temperature treatment. In addition, we found that individuals with the most reduced Tb lost less body weight during the night, suggesting that Tb reduction may help minimize energy expenditure when conditions become constraining. Our study suggests that functional mechanisms may be involved in latitudinal segregation between sexes and supports the hypothesis that sex-specific physiological strategies and thermal tolerance may explain segregation between sexes.

Published
2016

16. Waterfowl foraging in winter-flooded ricefields: Any agronomic benefits for farmers?

Author

Anne Brogi, Michel Gauthier-Clerc, Matthieu Guillemain, Claire A. Pernollet, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Anas, Geography, Planning and Development, Foraging, Waterfowl, Rice , Straw disposal , Waterfowl , Weeds , Winter-flooding, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Report, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Ecosystem, 2. Zero hunger, Population Density, Ecology, business.industry, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Winter-flooding, Feeding Behavior, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Floods, Ducks, Habitat, Agronomy, Wetlands, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Paddy field, Species richness, Rice, Weeds, France, Seasons, business, Weed, Straw disposal
Abstract

International audience; Winter-flooding of ricefields provides foraging habitat to waterfowl, which in return may bring agronomic benefits to farmers. Our study experimentally tested the effect of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) on the standing stalks and weed seed bank in the Camargue (France), both of which present major challenges for farmers. Three duck densities were tested: (D1) 5 ducks ha(-1) (historical nocturnal density), (D2) 23 ducks ha(-1) (present nocturnal density), and (D3) 300 ducks ha(-1) (Asian rice-duck farming density). The ducks reduced the stalks significantly: -27 % (D1), -52 % (D2), and -91 % (D3). Conversely, they decreased the number of seeds by only 3 % (D3) and the seed mass by about 21 % (D1 and D3), which was not significant. Besides they had no effect on seed species richness. This study clearly demonstrates that the winter-flooding effect on straw decomposition can be enhanced by waterfowl foraging, hence showing an agronomic benefit from ducks to farmers. However, there was no clear effect in terms of seed bank reduction

Published
2015

17. A comparison of wintering duck numbers among European rice production areas with contrasting flooding regimes

Author

GUELMAMI , Anis, DIES , Bosco, BOGLIANI , Giuseppe, BROGI , Anne, Gauthier-Clerc , Michel, Guillemain , Matthieu, TESIO , Franco, PERNOLLET , Claire A., Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Oficina de Gestion Tecnica del Parc Natural de l'Albufera, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre d'études sur la cooperation juridique internationale ( CECOJI ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and ValOryza

Subjects
[ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Winter, Waterfowl, Agricultural wetlands, Ricefields, Satellite images, Post-harvest management
Abstract

International audience; Agricultural lands can provide suitable habitat for birds under some conditions. In particular, waterfowl sometimes rely on ricefields as nocturnal foraging habitat during winter if post-harvest practices make food accessible. To assess whether the winter flooding of ricefields could be a major driver of duck regional abundance in Europe, we relied on a combination of spatial and temporal analyses. In the former, five of the most important western European rice growing regions in Spain, Italy and France were compared in terms of habitat composition over the 2002–2012 period. The relative importance of natural wetlands and ricefields (either dry or flooded) in determining the abundance of wintering ducks was then established. In the second approach, the trends in duck numbers before and after implementation of winter flooding Agri-Environment Schemes (AES) were compared in two of the study regions. Both approaches highlighted the role of winter ricefield flooding in explaining wintering duck numbers and complementing the natural wetlands; flooding harvested ricefields improves habitat attractiveness by enhancing food resource accessibility. In Europe, the proportion of ricefields flooded during winter varies considerably between countries (0.17–62%), owing to differences in policy initiatives such as Agri-Environment Schemes. Promoting such schemes more widely across the European rice production area could make a big difference in terms of waterfowl habitat quality at the scale of their wintering range.

Published
2015

18. Absence of difference in survival between two distant breeding sites of greater snow geese

Author

Souchay, Guillaume, Gauthier, Gilles, Lefebvre, Josée, Pradel, Roger, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Département de biologie and Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
Chen caerulesce, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [Atlantic flyway, CNRS1, Canadian Arctic
Abstract

International audience; \textcopyright 2015 The Wildlife Society. \textcopyright The Wildlife Society, 2015.Adaptive management of harvested waterfowl requires accurate estimations of demographic parameters. These must also be representative of the targeted population. In the greater snow goose, all demographic parameters so far have been estimated from long-term banding conducted at a single nesting colony in the Arctic, Bylot Island, where 15% of the population breeds. We used data from a second banding program conducted on Ellesmere Island, 800km north of Bylot Island and near the northern limit of the breeding range, to compare adult survival between these 2 breeding sites over the period 2007-2011. This allowed us to determine the representativeness of demographic parameters estimated from the Bylot colony. We used a multi-event capture-recapture model combining recaptures, resightings of neckbanded birds, and recoveries on a seasonal basis, which allowed us to test specifically for differences in survival during the migration periods. Despite differences in migration distance (20% longer for Ellesmere Island) and environmental conditions, survival rate of birds from these 2 breeding sites were similar in all seasons. Annual survival ranged from 0.72 to 0.79. This apparent absence of a cost of migration on survival may be explained by the canalization hypothesis: variance in adult survival of the greater snow goose, a long-lived species, caused by environmental factors may have been reduced because of selection pressure on this trait, which is closely linked to fitness. The absence of spatial variation in adult survival suggests that the extrapolation of survival parameters estimated from the Bylot Island colony to the entire population may be valid.

Published
2015

19. Skylarks trade size and energy content in weed seeds to maximize total ingested lipid biomass

Author

Thibaut Powolny, Vincent Bretagnolle, François Bretagnolle, Sabrina Gaba, Claire Collas, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (CNERA-Avifaune Migratrice), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR Systerra STRA-08-02 Advherb, INRA, CNRS, ONCFS, INRA - Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (Unité MIAJ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Trade-offs, Coat, Foraging, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Optimal foraging theory, Behavioral Neuroscience, Animals, Passeriformes, Optimal foraging, 2. Zero hunger, Herbivore, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, food and beverages, General Medicine, Feeding Behavior, 15. Life on land, Seed size, Lipids, Weed, Skylark, Seed dispersal syndrome, Agronomy, Seed predation, Seeds, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Lipid content, Arable land
Abstract

International audience; tThe trade-off between forage quality and quantity has been particularly studied in herbivore organisms,but much less for seed eating animals, in particular seed-eating birds which constitute the bulk of win-tering passerines in European farmlands. The skylark is one of the commonest farmland birds in winter,mainly feeding on seeds. We focus on weed seeds for conservation and management purposes. Weedseeds form the bulk of the diet of skylarks during winter period, and although this is still a matter fordiscussion, weed seed predation by granivorous has been suggested as an alternative to herbicides usedto regulate weed populations in arable crops. Our objectives were to identify whether weed seed traitsgovern foraging decisions of skylarks, and to characterize key seed traits with respect to size, which isrelated to searching and handling time, and lipid content, which is essential for migratory birds. Wecombined a single-offer experiment and a multiple-offer one to test for feeding preferences of the birdsby estimating seed intake on weed seed species differing in their seed size and seed lipid content. Ourresults showed (1) a selective preference for smaller seeds above a threshold of seed size or seed sizedifference in the pair and, (2) a significant effect of seed lipid biomass suggesting a trade-off betweenforaging for smaller seeds and selecting seeds rich in lipids. Skylarks foraging decision thus seems to bemainly based on seed size, that is presumably a ‘proxy’ for weed seed energy content. However, thereare clearly many possible combinations of morphological and physiological traits that must play crucialrole in the plant–bird interaction such as toxic compound or seed coat.

Published
2014

20. Demographic heterogeneity among individuals can explain the discrepancy between capture-mark-recapture and waterfowl count results

Author

Matthieu Guillemain, Michel Gauthier-Clerc, Géraldine Simon, Roger Pradel, Olivier Devineau, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Fontareches, Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Survival rate, Wildlife, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Waterfowl, Population growth, Anas crecca, Demographic heterogeneity, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, Adult female, Ecology, Capture mark recapture, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 010601 ecology, Population growth rate, Green-winged Teal, Homogeneous, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, Demography
Abstract

International audience; Demographic heterogeneity has long been considered within wildlife populations, but only the modern development of capture–mark–recapture methods allows this to be easily tested and quantified. It is now possible to rapidly assess whether the modeling of heterogeneous populations, in which categories of individuals differ in survival rate, performs better than traditional approaches, in which all individuals are considered equivalent within a sex and age class. Using long-term banding data for 4,703 adult female Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca) from the Camargue, southern France, we show that a heterogeneous model outperformed a homogeneous model. Individuals from the high survival category had a ∼60% annual survival rate, whereas birds in the second category had a survival rate reduced by a factor of 0.76–0.80, depending on the model (i.e.

Published
2014

21. Variations in band reporting rate and implications for kill rate in greater snow geese | Variations du taux de retour de bagues et répercussions sur le taux de récolte chez la grande oie des neiges

Author

Souchay, Guillaume, Gimenez, Olivier, Gauthier, Gilles, Pradel, Roger, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Département de biologie and Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), and Université Laval

Subjects
Band recovery, [Atlantic Flyway, Greater Snow Goos, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, CNRS1
Abstract

International audience; We assessed spatial and temporal variation in reporting probability of banded Greater Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica) shot by hunters in eastern North America and evaluated potential residual biases in kill rate estimation. Adult Greater Snow Geese were marked with reward (value: US\10, \20, \30, \50, and \100) and standard bands (\0, control) in the Canadian Arctic from 2003 to 2005. We used a spatially explicit multinomial model based on 200 direct recoveries from 4256 banded geese to estimate reporting rate and harvest rate. We found that reporting rate for standard bands varied over time whereas harvest rate was higher in Canada than in the U.S. The reporting probability increased from 0.40 ± 0.11 in the first year of the study to 0.82 ± 0.14 and 0.84 ± 0.13 the second and third years, respectively. Overall, these reporting rates are higher than two previous estimates for this population, which leads to lower estimates of kill rate. However, the large annual differences in reporting rates found in this study lead to uncertainty in the estimation of kill rate. We suggest that the increase in reporting rate in the last two year of the study may be due to the dissemination of information among hunters regarding the presence of reward bands on birds, resulting in increased reporting rate for all bands. This raises issues about the need to adequately inform the public in such large-scale studies to avoid undesirable temporal trends over the course of the study. \textcopyright 2014 by the author(s).

Published
2014

22. Evidence for density-dependent habitat selection at varying scales in an expanding bird population

Author

Christophe Barbraud, Cyril Eraud, Jean-Claude Barbraud, Hélène Gadenne, Thomas Cornulier, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, CNERA Avifaune migratrice - Station de Chizé, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, 4 impasse du Vignaud, La Nougerée, and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Ciconia, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Ciconia ciconia, Population, Foraging, Non-equilibrium conditions, 15. Life on land, Stork, biology.organism_classification, Grassland Intensive agriculture, Population density, Habitat, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Spatial ecology, Spatial distribution, education, White stork, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm)
Abstract

International audience; Understanding factors shaping the spatial distribution of animals is crucial for the conservation and management of wildlife species. However, few studies have investigated density-dependent habitat selection in wild populations in non-equilibrium conditions and at varying spatial scales. Here, we investigated densitydependent habitat selection at varying spatial scales in an increasing white stork Ciconia ciconia population using a long term data set in western France. During a 16-year study period, the breeding population density increased from 0.66 nests per 100 km2 to 6.6 nests per 100 km2. At the beginning of the colonisation of the area settlement probability of storks was mainly positively affected by grasslands located near wetlands. Areas with intensive or moderately intensive agriculture were extremely unlikely to be occupied by breeding birds. However, selection for the initially preferred habitats faded as stork density increased although the proportions of habitat types remained unchanged. At the same time selection for initially less favoured habitats had increased. Moreover, we found that the spatial scale of selection for each foraging habitat variable was consistent over time. Our results suggest that snapshot analyses of resource selection in populations at high density may be misleading for population conservation or management. In contrast, a longitudinal approach to resource selection can be a valuable tool for understanding resource limitation.

Published
2014

23. A long QT mutation substitutes cholesterol for phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate in KCNQ1 channel regulation

Author

Céline Marionneau, Gildas Loussouarn, Julien Piron, Mohamed Yassine Amarouch, Robert Brasseur, Marja Steenman, Isabelle Baró, Céline Nicolas, Jean Mérot, Jérôme Mordel, Fabien C. Coyan, Annick Thomas, Fayal Abderemane-Ali, unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNERA Avifaune migratrice - Station de Chizé, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Biomécanique et génie biomédical (BIM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutant, Biophysics, Cardiology, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Cell Line, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cardiac Conduction System Disease, Heart Conduction System, Internal medicine, Chlorocebus aethiops, Medicine and Health Sciences, medicine, Animals, Magnesium, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Brugada Syndrome, Membrane potential, Mutation, Multidisciplinary, COS cells, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Depolarization, Transfection, Electrophysiology, Long QT Syndrome, Cholesterol, Endocrinology, Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, chemistry, Cardiovascular Diseases, COS Cells, KCNQ1 Potassium Channel, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), lcsh:Q, Arrhythmia, Intracellular, Research Article
Abstract

Introduction Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a cofactor necessary for the activity of KCNQ1 channels. Some Long QT mutations of KCNQ1, including R243H, R539W and R555C have been shown to decrease KCNQ1 interaction with PIP2. A previous study suggested that R539W is paradoxically less sensitive to intracellular magnesium inhibition than the WT channel, despite a decreased interaction with PIP2. In the present study, we confirm this peculiar behavior of R539W and suggest a molecular mechanism underlying it. Methods and Results COS-7 cells were transfected with WT or mutated KCNE1-KCNQ1 channel, and patch-clamp recordings were performed in giant-patch, permeabilized-patch or ruptured-patch configuration. Similar to other channels with a decreased PIP2 affinity, we observed that the R243H and R555C mutations lead to an accelerated current rundown when membrane PIP2 levels are decreasing. As opposed to R243H and R555C mutants, R539W is not more but rather less sensitive to PIP2 decrease than the WT channel. A molecular model of a fragment of the KCNQ1 C-terminus and the membrane bilayer suggested that a potential novel interaction of R539W with cholesterol stabilizes the channel opening and hence prevents rundown upon PIP2 depletion. We then carried out the same rundown experiments under cholesterol depletion and observed an accelerated R539W rundown that is consistent with this model. Conclusions We show for the first time that a mutation may shift the channel interaction with PIP2 to a preference for cholesterol. This de novo interaction wanes the sensitivity to PIP2 variations, showing that a mutated channel with a decreased affinity to PIP2 could paradoxically present a slowed current rundown compared to the WT channel. This suggests that caution is required when using measurements of current rundown as an indicator to compare WT and mutant channel PIP2 sensitivity.

Published
2014

24. To breed or not: A novel approach to estimate breeding propensity and potential trade-offs in an Arctic-nesting species

Author

Guillaume Souchay, Roger Pradel, Gilles Gauthier, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Département de biologie and Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, Chen caerulescens atlantica, Sampling (statistics), Biology, Breed, [Breeding propensity, Arctic, Seasonal breeder, Trait, Nesting (computing), Reproduction, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, CNRS1
Abstract

Breeding propensity, i.e., the probability that a mature female attempts to breed in a given year, is a critical demographic parameter in long-lived species. Life-history theory predicts that this trait should be affected by reproductive trade-offs so that the probability of future reproduction should depend on the current reproductive investment. However, breeding propensity is one of the most difficult parameters to estimate because nonbreeders are often absent from the breeding area, thereby requiring the inclusion of unobservable states in the analysis. We developed a new methodological approach by integrating a robust design sampling scheme within the multi-event capture–recapture framework. Our new model accounted for uncertainty in state assignation while allowing for departure of individuals between secondary sampling occasions. We applied this model to a long-term data set of female Greater Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica) to estimate breeding propensity and to investigate potential reproductive costs. We combined resightings during the nesting stage and recapture at the end of the breeding season to estimate breeding propensity and nesting success, and added recoveries to improve survival probability estimates. We found that both breeding propensity and nesting success depended upon breeding status in the previous year, though not survival. Successful breeders had a lower breeding propensity than failed breeders in the following year, but a higher nesting success. Individuals absent from the breeding colony had a low breeding propensity, but a high nesting success the following year. Our results suggest a cost of reproduction on breeding propensity in the next year, but once females decide to breed, nesting success is likely driven by individual quality. An added benefit of our model is that, unlike previous models with unobservable states, all parameters were identifiable when survival and breeding probabilities were fully state dependent. Our new multi-event framework is a flexible tool that can be applied to a large range of species to estimate breeding propensity and to investigate reproductive trade-offs.

Published
2014

25. Phenotypic variation of Forest Thrushes Turdus lherminieri in Guadeloupe: evidence for geographic differentiation at fine spatial scale

Author

François Cavallo, Bruno Faivre, Stéphane Garnier, Cyril Eraud, Emilie Arnoux, Alban Thomas, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CNERA Avifaune migratrice - Station de Chizé, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Financial support provided by the Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), the Fonds Européens de Développement Régional (FEDER), the Guadeloupe National Park (PNG), the Direction de l'Environnement, de l'Aménagement et du Logement de la Guadeloupe (DEAL 971), the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne, and the ERA-Net Net-Biome and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche., Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Morphology, Population, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Conservation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Forest thrush, Divergence, Gene flow, 03 medical and health sciences, Population differentiation, Fine spatial scale, education, 030304 developmental biology, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 0303 health sciences, Phenotypic plasticity, education.field_of_study, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Ecology, Turdus lherminieri, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Spatial ecology, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map)
Abstract

9 pages; International audience; Spatial differentiation in avian models has been extensively studied at a coarse scale for both theoretical and conservation purposes. Yet, studies at a finer spatial scale are also particularly relevant in birds because their dispersal ability may be much more reduced than expected. In the Forest Thrush Turdus lherminieri, we studied morphological characters commonly used to assess differentiation because they mirror both demographic and selective processes. The Forest Thrush is an endemic and vulnerable Antillean bird species which has dramatically declined in the last 15 years, and whose population functioning and structure remain unknown. We compared birds from 11 sites in Guadeloupe, which were distributed from 2 to 42 km apart over the two main geographic zones of the island (i.e. Grande-Terre and Basse-Terre). Using two synthetic descriptors (for body size and feather size), we detected a strong micro-geographic differentiation between Forest thrush populations for the body-size descriptor but not for the feather-size descriptor. Both males and females were significantly larger in Basse-Terre than in Grande- Terre despite the fine geographic scale. Several hypotheses could explain these results: (i) geographic isolation and differentiation caused by (1)absence of gene flow, (2) phenotypic plasticity, or (3) divergence with gene flow. Although further investigation is needed to identify the exact process generating phenotypic divergence, our study provides a first highlight to the high local variability of this species.

Published
2013

26. Temporal variation of juvenile survival in a long-lived species: The role of parasites and body condition

Author

Guillaume Souchay, Roger Pradel, Gilles Gauthier, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, Time Factors, Parasitic Diseases, Animal, Population Dynamics, Population, Zoology, Environment, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Parasite load, Praziquantel, Geese, Animals, Juvenile, Population growth, Mortality, education, [Body mass, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, CNRS1, Anthelmintics, education.field_of_study, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Population size, Fledge, Cestodes, 15. Life on land, Elasticity, Variation (linguistics), Body Constitution, Animal Migration, Female, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Body condition
Abstract

Studies of population dynamics of long-lived species have generally focused on adult survival because population growth should be most sensitive to this parameter. However, actual variations in population size can often be driven by other demographic parameters, such as juvenile survival, when they show high temporal variability. We used capture-recapture data from a long-term study of a hunted, migratory species, the greater snow goose (Chen caerulescens atlantica), to assess temporal variability in first-year survival and the relative importance of natural and hunting mortality. We also conducted a parasite-removal experiment to determine the effect of internal parasites and body condition on temporal variation in juvenile survival. We found that juvenile survival showed a higher temporal variability than adult survival and that natural mortality was more important than hunting mortality, unlike in adults. Parasite removal increased first-year survival and reduced its annual variability in females only. Body condition at fledging was also positively correlated with first-year survival in treated females. With reduced parasite load, females, which are thought to invest more in their immune system than males according to Bateman's principle, could probably reallocate more energy to growth than males, leading to a higher survival. Treated birds also had a higher survival than control ones during their second year, suggesting a developmental effect that manifested later in life. Our study shows that natural factors such as internal parasites may be a major source of variation in juvenile survival of a long-lived, migratory bird, which has implications for its population dynamics.

Published
2013

27. Innate immunity correlates with host fitness in wild boar (Sus scrofa) exposed to classical swine fever

Author

Cyril Eraud, Sophie Rossi, Anaïs Doucelin, Marie-Frédérique Le Potier, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, CNERA Avifaune migratrice - Station de Chizé, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Swine, animal diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Sus scrofa, lcsh:Medicine, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Classical Swine Fever, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunity, Animals, lcsh:Science, education, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Innate immune system, biology, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Immunity, Innate, Complement system, Classical swine fever, Classical Swine Fever Virus, Immunology, Humoral immunity, biology.protein, lcsh:Q, Antibody, Low Complement, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; Constitutive humoral immunity (CHI) is thought to be a first-line of protection against pathogens invading vertebrate hosts. However, clear evidence that CHI correlates with host fitness in natural conditions is still lacking. This study explores the relationship between CHI, measured using a haemagglutination-haemolysis assay (HAHL), and resistance to classical swine fever virus (CSFV) among wild boar piglets. The individual dynamics of HAHL during piglet growth was analysed, using 423 serum samples from 92 piglets repeatedly captured in the absence of CSFV (in 2006) within two areas showing contrasting food availability. Natural antibody levels increased with age, but, in the youngest piglets antibody levels were higher in individuals from areas with the highest food availability. Complement activity depended on natural antibody levels and piglets' body condition. In the presence of CSFV (i.e., in 2005 within one area), serum samples from piglets that were repeatedly captured were used to assess whether piglet HAHL levels affected CSFV status at a later capture. The correlation between CHI and resistance to CSFV was tested using 79 HAHL measures from 23 piglets captured during a CSFV outbreak. Both natural antibodies and complement activity levels measured at a given time correlated negatively to the subsequent probability of becoming viremic. Finally, capture-mark-recapture models showed that piglets with medium/high average complement activity, independently of their age, were significantly less at risk of becoming viremic and more likely to develop a specific immune response than piglets with low complement activity. Additionally, piglets with high average complement activity showed the highest survival prospects. This study provides evidence linking CHI to individual fitness within a natural mammal population. The results also highlight the potential of HAHL assays to explore the dynamics and co-evolution between wildlife mammal hosts and blood-borne parasites interacting with the CHI.

Published
2013

28. La Grive à Pieds Jaunes, Turdus lherminieri (Turdidés): une espèce méconnue à valeur patrimoniale

Author

Arnoux , Emilie, Eraud , Cyril, Garnier , Stéphane, Faivre , Bruno, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CNERA Avifaune migratrice - Station de Chizé, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Projet financé par l'Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), les fonds européens de développement régional (FEDER), le Parc national de la Guadeloupe (PNG), la direction de l'aménagement et du logement de la Guadeloupe (DEAL 971) et le conseil régional de Bourgogne., and Laffont, Rémi

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Génétique des populations, Abondance, Grive à Pieds Jaunes, Domaine vital
Abstract

10 pages; National audience; Les départements et régions d’Outre-Mer présentent une biodiversité remarquable et un fort taux d’endémisme,mais cet endémisme a pour conséquence une plus grande fragilité et un plus grand risque d’extinction. Les enjeuxde conservation de la biodiversité sont alors importants et l’élaboration de mesures de gestion se heurte biensouvent à une profonde méconnaissance de la biologie des espèces. Dans ce contexte, la Grive à Pieds Jaunes,oiseau endémique de quatre îles des Petites Antilles (statut vulnérable, UICN) est un modèle de choix dans la miseen place de mesures de gestion et de conservation. Les premiers résultats d’un programme d’étude dédié à cetteespèce ont permis d’améliorer les connaissances sur cet oiseau : abondance, répartition, domaines vitaux et fluxde populations.

Published
2013

29. Annual usage of man-made wetlands by a resident waterbird species

Author

Gayet, G., Matthieu Guillemain, François Mesléard, Herve Fritz, Lydia Curtet, Broyer, J., Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013

30. Individual turnover in common pochards wintering in western France

Author

Gourlay-Larour, Marie-Lucile, Pradel, Roger, Guillemain, Matthieu, Santin-Janin, Hugues, L'Hostis, Monique, Caizergues, Alain, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (LUNAM), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Vétérinaire de la Faune Sauvage et des Ecosystèmes des Pays de la Loire (CVFSE), Plateforme Environnementale Vétérinaire, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Office Nationale de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
RECOVERY DATA, anatidae, MOVEMENTS, NORTH-AMERICAN WATERFOWL, MIGRATION, DUCKS, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MODELS, ESTIMATING SURVIVAL, [anatidae, multi, population volume, CAPTURE-RECAPTURE FRAMEWORK, TEAL ANAS-CRECCA, emigration, Aythya ferina, multistate CMR modeling, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, TEMPORARY EMIGRATION, CNRS1
Abstract

International audience; Studying movements and population turnover is a prerequisite of management and conservation policies. Understanding the relative importance of known wintering sites requires estimating total number of birds using a wintering site with robust statistical methods because counts alone do not account for turnover. To study movements of common pochards (Aythya ferina) during winter (Oct to Mar) in western France, we used a combination of band-recoveries and capture-recapture data. We constructed a multi-state model to estimate monthly local survival and probability of movements between the banding site and other wintering sites, accounting for individual sex and age. We observed significant movements between sites and high population turnover even during winter. We did not detect any effect of age or sex on movement probabilities, except at the beginning of the winter when first-year individuals had a lower emigration probability. This result suggests that these inexperienced birds did not explore the wintering area like adults, at least early in the season. Combining our estimates (survival and emigration) and winter counts data, we computed the number of individuals using our study area throughout winter. This total was twice the maximum number of individuals counted in winter. Unexpectedly, low estimates for apparent survival suggest that permanent emigration occurred; although, recaptures and resightings revealed some birds traveled long distances from the capture site. We hypothesize that this permanent emigration was due to birds moving to areas where observation and hunting pressures were reduced compared to those in the French territory. If this hypothesis is true, high turnover rate would prevail not only at the scale of the wetland but also at the scale of the country. \textcopyright The Wildlife Society, 2013.

Published
2013

31. High Influenza A Virus Infection Rates in Mallards Bred for Hunting in the Camargue, South of France

Author

François Renaud, Jocelyn Champagnon, Viviane Grandhomme, Sylvie van der Werf, Bernadette Crescenzo-Chaigne, Marion Vittecoq, Michel Gauthier-Clerc, Matthieu Guillemain, Frédéric Thomas, Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Génétique moléculaire des virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice (Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), M. Vittecoq was supported by an AXA Ph.D. research fellowship. The authors thank the French 'Agence Inter-établissement pour la Recherche et le Développement', the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and the MAVA foundation for their financial support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., We are grateful to game bird facility owners, hunting managers and hunters who authorized us to collect samples from Mallards. We also thank two anonymous referees for their valuable comments., Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
Viral Diseases, Veterinary medicine, Time Factors, Reassortment, lcsh:Medicine, Breeding, Wildlife, medicine.disease_cause, law.invention, Ornithology, law, Zoonoses, Influenza A virus, MESH: Ducks, MESH: Animals, lcsh:Science, MESH: Phylogeny, Pathogen, Phylogeny, Avian influenza A viruses, Animal Management, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Zoonotic Diseases, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Sequence analysis, Domestic animals, Transmission (mechanics), Ducks, Veterinary Diseases, Habitat, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Medicine, Infectious diseases, France, Research Article, MESH: Influenza A virus, MESH: Breeding, Biology, Disease cluster, Microbiology, Virus, Veterinary Epidemiology, Birds, Animal Influenza, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, MESH: Influenza in Birds, Virology, medicine, Animals, MESH: Species Specificity, 030304 developmental biology, Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, RNA sequence analysis, 030306 microbiology, lcsh:R, MESH: Time Factors, Viral pathogens, Influenza, MESH: France, Influenza in Birds, MESH: Recreation, Recreation, Veterinary Science, lcsh:Q, Zoology, Viral Transmission and Infection
Abstract

During the last decade, the role of wildlife in emerging pathogen transmission to domestic animals has often been pointed out. Conversely, far less attention has been paid to pathogen transmission from domestic animals to wildlife. Here, we focus on the case of game restocking, which implies the release of millions of animals worldwide each year. We conducted a 2-year study in the Camargue (Southern France) to investigate the influence of hand-reared Mallard releases on avian influenza virus dynamics in surrounding wildlife. We sampled Mallards (cloacal swabs) from several game duck facilities in 2009 and 2010 before their release. A very high (99%) infection rate caused by an H10N7 strain was detected in the game bird facility we sampled in 2009. We did not detect this strain in shot ducks we sampled, neither during the 2008/2009 nor the 2009/2010 hunting seasons. In 2010 infection rates ranged from 0 to 24% in hand-reared ducks. The 2009 H10N7 strain was fully sequenced. It results from multiple reassortment events between Eurasian low pathogenic strains. Interestingly, H10N7 strains had previously caused human infections in Egypt and Australia. The H10 and N7 segments we sequenced were clearly distinct from the Australian ones but they belonged to the same large cluster as the Egyptian ones. We did not observe any mutation linked to increased virulence, transmission to mammals, or antiviral resistance in the H10N7 strain we identified. Our results indicate that the potential role of hand-reared Mallards in influenza virus epizootics must be taken into account given the likely risk of viral exchange between game bird facilities and wild habitats, owing to duck rearing conditions. Measures implemented to limit transmission from wildlife to domestic animals as well as measures to control transmission from domestic animals to wild ones need to be equally reinforced.

Published
2012

32. Permanent genetic resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources database 1 December 2011 - 31 January 2012

Author

Mark A. Renshaw, M. C. Arias, Haydée A. Cunha, Abel Bernadou, Terrence L. Miller, Shuzhen Wang, Christopher M. Hollenbeck, F. Piatscheck, F. A. M. Volckaert, E.L. Souche, M. P. Dubois, Chunxiao Zhang, Jan R. McDOWELL, D. J. Harris, Jie Xiao, Bingfang Liu, Shengli Jing, Kimberly S. Reece, Céline M. O. Reisser, Chiara Papetti, E. D’Alençon, John R. Gold, E. Françoso, R. Blatrix, Lili Zhu, C. Djieto-Lordon, Sergine Ponsard, C. Eraud, Jonathan P. A. Gardner, Xinxin Peng, D. McKEY, Yan Zhao, B. Hellemans, Yi Ding, Xi Zhou, Antonio Sole-Cava, Giorgia Bino, Lorenzo Zane, S. Garnier, Hangjin Yu, Anne-Laure Clamens, M. Garcia, Erica Newton, Barbara Zannato, J. Peccoud, Katrina M. Pagenkopp Lohan, Anderson Vasconcellos, Ian G. Paterson, Daniel E. Ruzzante, Cecilia Carrea, M. Sauve, Jeffrey D. Shields, E. Arnoux, G. J. Kergoat, P. Dumas, Guangcun He, S. Gimenez, F. O. Francisco, Tyler S. Zemlak, Denis Bourguet, B. Faivre, James J. Bell, J. K. J. Van Houdt, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre for Marine Environmental and Economic Research, Victoria University of Wellington, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] (UERJ), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University [China], Laboratory of Zoology, Yaoundé University, CNERA Avifaune migratrice - Station de Chizé, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Center for Biosystematics and Biodiversity, Texas A&M University [College Station], Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), Environmental and Life Sciences Department, Trent University, Unit of Ecology and Evolution, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Intégration et Analyse Génomique (Plate-Forme 4) (PF4), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Royal Botanic Garden [Edinburgh], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidade de São Paulo ( USP ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Evolution et Diversité Biologique ( EDB ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universita degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua = Université de Padoue, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores ( MAQUA ), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] ( DGIMI ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Catholic University of Leuven ( KU Leuven ), The Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William & Mary, University of Fribourg, and Intégration et Analyse Génomique (Plate-Forme)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biology, Bioinformatics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular ecology, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic resources, Databases, Genetic, Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, DNA Primers, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, [ SDV.GEN.GA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Biota, GENÉTICA, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [ SDV.GEN.GPL ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, business, Microsatellite Repeats, Biotechnology
Abstract

3 pages; International audience; This article documents the addition of 473 microsatellite marker loci and 71 pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Barteria fistulosa, Bombus morio, Galaxias platei, Hematodinium perezi, Macrocentrus cingulum Brischke (a.k.a. M. abdominalis Fab., M. grandii Goidanich or M. gifuensis Ashmead), Micropogonias furnieri, Nerita melanotragus, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, Sciaenops ocellatus, Scomber scombrus, Spodoptera frugiperda and Turdus lherminieri. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Barteria dewevrei, Barteria nigritana, Barteria solida, Cynoscion acoupa, Cynoscion jamaicensis, Cynoscion leiarchus, Cynoscion nebulosus, Cynoscion striatus, Cynoscion virescens, Macrodon ancylodon, Menticirrhus americanus, Nilaparvata muiri and Umbrina canosai. This article also documents the addition of 116 sequencing primer pairs for Dicentrarchus labrax.

Published
2012

33. Spatial heterogeneity in mortality and its impact on the population dynamics of Eurasian woodcocks

Author

Isabelle Bauthian, Guillaume Péron, Yves Ferrand, François Gossmann, Olivier Gimenez, Rémi Choquet, Claudine Bastat, Roger Pradel, Romain Julliard, Michel Guénézan, Conservation des espèces, restauration et suivi des populations (CERSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Avifaune Migratrice (CNERA), ONCFS, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice (Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservation des espèces, Restauration et Suivi des Populations (CERSP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Survival, Range (biology), Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Capture-recovery, Spatially explicit, Mark and recapture, Survival probability, medicine, Scolopax rusticola, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, Eurasian woodcock, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Capture-recapture, Seasonality, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Spatial heterogeneity, Hunting management, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Spatial variability
Abstract

International audience; Spatial heterogeneity, especially in mortality risk, is a major factor shaping population dynamics. Here we study the impacts of spatial heterogeneity in hunting pressure on the demography of Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola, a relatively long-lived migratory game bird. We develop capture-recapture-recovery models in which both seasonality and spatial variation in hunting pressure are accounted for, and fit them to individual-based data collected across the French wintering range ([44000 banded individuals) as well as recoveries from spring stopovers and breeding grounds in Europe. Our results quantify spatial variation in survival probability in the wintering areas. They highlight the role of source-sink dynamics involving juvenile settlement decisions, as well as the importance of mortality outside the winter quarters. We also discuss the impact of spatial heterogeneity for demographic parameter estimation and data collection at the range scale.

Published
2012

34. Un premier cas de reproduction réussie du Cygne chanteur Cygnus cygnus en France

Author

Benmergui, Maurice, Chazal, Romain, Lengagne, Thierry, Gayet, Guillaume, Crouzier, Pierre, Marc, Crouzier, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), Délégation Interrégionale Alpes-Méditerranée-Corse, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Ecologie, Comportement, Conservation, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Fluviaux (EHF), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies, Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies-Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies-Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique et d'Electrochimie (LCPE), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK)-Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), CORA Ain, and Centre Culturel de la Dombes

Subjects
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012

35. Host races in Ixodes ricinus, the European vector of Lyme borreliosis

Author

Cyril Eraud, Valérie Noël, Thierry De Meeûs, Karen D. McCoy, Christine Chevillon, Veronika Taragelova, Olivier Plantard, Florent Kempf, Elise Vaumourin, Dieter Heylen, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), UMR 1300 Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse du Risque, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse du Risque (BioEpAR)-Santé animale (S.A.), Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), CNERA Avifaune migratrice - Station de Chizé, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Evolution Théorique et Expérimentale (MIVEGEC-ETE), Perturbations, Evolution, Virulence (PEV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Evolution of host-microbe communities (MIVEGEC-EVCO), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), and We thank J. Joachim, N. Cebe (INRA, UR CEFS, Toulouse), G. Van Laere and H. Bidault (ONCFS, Chize) for help with tick sampling, F. Cerqueira (SFR 'MEB', Montpellier) and Z. Sun (Queens University, Canada) for assistance in genotyping, and members of the 'Ticks and tick-borne diseases' working group (Reseau Ecologie des Interactions Durables) for useful discussions. We also thank V. Majlathova (Institute of Parasitology SAS, Kosice, Slovakia), I. Majlath (Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia), R. Vaclav and P. Prokop (Institute of Zoology SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia) for the collection of ticks from lizards. This study was financed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-06-JCJC-0095-01) and by the project No. 2/0161/09 (to V.T.) from the Scientific Grant Agency of Ministry of Education and Slovak Academy of Sciences. FK was supported by the French Ministry for National Education.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, generalist–specialist, infectious diseases, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, microsatellites, Lyme disease, Ticks, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, Lyme Disease, biology, Ricinus, Europe, Genetic structure, Microbiology (medical), Genetic Markers, Ixodes ricinus, Genotype, Generalist-specialist, Zoology, Animals, Wild, Tick, 010603 evolutionary biology, Microbiology, ticks, 03 medical and health sciences, vector-borne diseases, parasitic diseases, Genetics, medicine, Vector-borne diseases, Animals, Humans, Borrelia burgdorferi, Microsatellites, Molecular Biology, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Polymorphism, Genetic, Ixodes, Host (biology), Host specialization, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, bacterial infections and mycoses, Virology, Vector (epidemiology), Arachnid Vectors, Human medicine, host specialization, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

International audience; Ixodes ricinus is a European tick that transmits numerous pathogenic agents, including the bacteria that cause Lyme disease (some genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex). This tick has been considered as a classic example of an extreme generalist vector. However, host-associations in such vector species are difficult to determine from field observations alone and recent work suggests that host specificity may be more frequent in ticks than previously thought. The presence of host-associated vector groups can significantly alter the circulation and evolutionary pathway of associated pathogens. In thispaper, we explicitly test for host-associated genetic structure in I. ricinus.We analyzed genetic variability at 11 microsatellite markers in a large sample of ticks collected directly from trapped wild animals (birds, rodents, lizards, wild boar and roe deer) at five sites in Western and Central Europe. We found significant levels of genetic structure both among host individuals and among host types within local populations, suggesting that host use is not random in I. ricinus. These results help explain previous patterns of structure found in off-host tick samples, along with epidemiological observations of Lyme disease

Published
2011

36. Permanent genetic resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources database 1 June 2011-31 July 2011

Author

Barker , F. Keith, Bell , James J., Bogdanowicz , Steven M., Bonatto , S.L., Cézilly , Frank, Collins , Sarah M., Dubreuil , Christine, Dufort , Matthew J., Eraud , Cyril, Fuseya , Reiko, Heap , E.A., Jacobsen , N., Madders , M., Mcewing , R., Michel , Andrew P., Mougeot , F., Ogden , R.S., Orantes , Lucia C., Othman , A.S., Parent , Eric, Pulido-Santacruz , P., Rioux-Paré , Rachel, Roberts , M.F., Rosazlina , R., Sakamoto , Takashi, Salinas De-León , Pelayo, Sévigny , Jean-Marie, St-Onge , Philippe, Terraube , J., Tingay , R.E., Tremblay , Réjean, Watanabe , Seiichi, Wattier , Rémi A., Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota [Minneapolis], Bell Museum of Natural History, Centre for Marine Environmental and Economic Research, Victoria University of Wellington, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CNERA Avifaune migratrice - Station de Chizé, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Fisheries Research Agency, National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering, WildGenes, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Natural Research Ltd, Department of Agronomy and Ecology, University of Copenhagen ( KU ), Department of Entomology, Ohio State University [Columbus] ( OSU ), IREC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -UCLM-JCCM, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -EEZA, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia ( USM ), Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Pêches et Océans Canada, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec A Rimouski ( UQAR ), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Life Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-UCLM-JCCM, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-EEZA, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), and Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Ecology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Databases, Genetic, Genetics, [ SDV.GEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, DNA Primers, Microsatellite Repeats, 030304 developmental biology, Biotechnology
Abstract

Permanent genetic Resources Note: Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium, et al., This article documents the addition of 112 microsatellite marker loci and 24 pairs of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Agelaius phoeniceus, Austrolittorina cincta, Circus cyaneus, Circus macrourus, Circus pygargus, Cryptocoryne×purpurea Ridl. nothovar. purpurea, Mya arenaria, Patagioenas squamosa, Prochilodus mariae, Scylla serrata and Scytalopus speluncae. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Cryptocoryne×purpurea nothovar. purpurea, Cryptocoryne affinis, Cryptocoryne ciliata, Cryptocoryne cordata var. cordata, Cryptocoryne elliptica, Cryptocoryne griffithii, Cryptocoryne minima, Cryptocoryne nurii and Cryptocoryne schulzei. This article also documents the addition of 24 sequencing primer pairs and 24 allele-specific primers or probes for Aphis glycines.

Published
2011

37. Breeding mute swan habitat selection when accounting for detectability: a plastic behaviour consistent with rapidly expanding populations

Author

Hervé Fritz, Guillaume Gayet, Cyril Eraud, François Mesléard, Joël Broyer, Matthieu Guillemain, Maurice Benmergui, Avifaune Migratrice (CNERA), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), Délégation Interrégionale Alpes-Méditerranée-Corse, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Population, Accounting, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Colonization, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm), Nature and Landscape Conservation, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sampling (statistics), Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Anatidae, biology.organism_classification, Disturbance (ecology), Habitat, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, business
Abstract

A number of native and exotic animal species show dramatic population increases in terms of both numbers and geographic range. Understanding the habitat selection processes behind such increases is crucial to implement adequate management measures. Mute swan (Cygnus olor) populations have experienced a tremendous demographic and geographic expansion in Western Europe during the twentieth century, colonizing a wide variety of aquatic habitats. We aimed at assessing how swans select nesting sites during the pre-laying and laying periods on medium to large fishponds (from 10 to 50 ha) in Eastern France, while accounting for detectability biases and testing for the effects of fishpond spatial configuration, vegetation resources, human disturbance and habitat management. Our results demonstrate that the mute swan is a non-selective species regarding its nesting habitat among such fishponds, using these independently from the parameters considered although fishpond characteristics varied. Although mute swan is one of the least cryptic Anatidae, owing to its white colour and large size, detection of breeding pairs remained imperfect for each over several sampling occasions. However, because we repeated the sampling sessions, detection of swan pairs by the end of the monitoring period was as high as 0.94. These results are consistent with previous assertions that the mute swan is a species of high ecological plasticity, which may partly explain its recent colonization rates. Given that even swan breeding events were imperfectly detected on each occasion, we highlight the fact that most studies of breeding ducks (which are more cryptic) would be considerably improved by better considering detection biases.

Published
2011

38. Determinants of the prevalence of the cloacal cestode in teal wintering in the French Camargue

Author

Green, Andy J., Georgiev, Boyko B., Brochet, Anne-Laure, Gauthier-Clerc, Michel, Fritz, Hervé, Guillemain, Matthieu, Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Central Laboratory of General Ecology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Ducks, Long-term trends in parasite prevalence, Helminths, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Waterfowl, Ostracods
Abstract

International audience; Eurasian teal ( = 46,581) were inspected during ringing operations for the presence of the hymenolepidid cloacal cestode between 1954 and 1971 while wintering in the Camargue, Southern France. These birds become infected when ingesting seed shrimps (Ostracoda) that act as intermediate hosts, largely while on migration across Western Europe. The prevalence ranged from 4% to 14% per year and increased significantly over time. This long-term trend was further supported by studying 366 teal shot in 2006-2008, for which prevalence of was 27.6%. We found no evidence to suggest that this increase in prevalence has been caused by an increase in temperature, but eutrophication and an increase in duck densities are potential contributing factors. Adult teal were more likely to be infected than first-year birds and females more so than males, probably due to differences in diet and/or habitat use. Within a given age−sex class, heavier birds were more infected than lighter ones, suggesting low pathogenicity and a causal effect of ingestion rate. Within a year, the highest prevalence was observed in mid-winter.

Published
2010

39. Predation risk constrains the plasticity of foraging behaviour in teals, Anas crecca: a flyway-level circumannual approach

Author

Johan Elmberg, Céline Arzel, Hervé Fritz, Michel Lepley, Matthieu Guillemain, Grégoire Massez, Christophe Pin, Pierre Legagneux, Antoine Arnaud, Office Nationale de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Laboratoire d'écologie des hydrosystèmes (LEH), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kristianstad University, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departmant of Mathematics and natural Sciences, Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Les amis du Marais du Viguerat, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Foraging, Biology, Trade-off, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, feeding efficiency, Predation, foraging, Flyway, predation risk, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Anas crecca, Predator, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, trade-off, circumannual, Ecology, 05 social sciences, Anatidae, biology.organism_classification, teal, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Habitat, flyway, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; The trade-off foragers make between predation risk and feeding efficiency is readily studied in dabbling ducks, which have stereotyped feeding methods, some of which prevent predator detection while others do not. Teals forage mostly with only the bill submerged (eyes above the water surface) in winter, but use a broader foraging repertoire in summer. Given the different environments used by teals over the year, it is likely that such a shift is due to changes in diet, but it may also be caused by differences in predation risk between habitats. However, neither predation risk nor teal behaviour has been studied with consistent methods around the year or throughout any of its flyways. Covering wintering, spring-staging, breeding and moulting sites, we combined focal observations of teals and predator flyover data from seven regions ranging from southern France to northern Sweden. Although not apparent at the scale of days within sites, teals indeed relied more on shallow foraging where predation risk was higher, i.e. at wintering sites. Average foraging depth increased gradually from September to August, i.e. from wintering to breeding sites. Foraging bout length of deeply foraging teals did not decrease over the year, suggesting that it is through selection of foraging technique, rather than by the balance between foraging and interruptions, that birds adjust to predation risk. This study highlights behavioural plasticity in response to contrasting selection regimes within a flyway, in dabbling ducks as well as long-distance migrants in general.

Published
2007

40. What type of lean ducks do hunters kill? Weakest local ones rather than migrants

Author

Matthieu Guillemain, Hervé Fritz, Alan Johnson, Géraldine Simon, Office Nationale de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, migration, Competition (biology), GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, Lower body, Ans crecca, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, media_common, Nature reserve, biology, Ecology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, body mass, Fishery, Dominance (ethology), Geography, Habitat, Shot (pellet), Anas crecca, body condition bias, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Protected area
Abstract

An earlier study in western France showed that birds shot around protected areas had a lower body mass than birds remaining in nature reserves, but it was impossible at that time to distinguish whether shot birds were leaner because they were exhausted and ignorant migrants, or whether there was simply a body-condition bias making the leaner individuals of the area more likely to be shot. To test these hypotheses, we used body mass at ringing from close to 5,000 teal Anas crecca in the Camargue, southern France. Distinguishing between 'resident' birds recaptured alive in the same protected area at least once during the month following ringing, 'locally shot birds' hunted in the Camargue and 'migrants' hunted out of the Camargue area duringthesameperiod,wecouldnotdetectanysignificantdifferencebetween the average body mass of 'residents' and 'migrants', whereas locally shot birds were generally lighter. This suggests that migration is not the reason why hunters generally shoot lean ducks around nature reserves. Conversely, these results support the idea that some mechanisms, maybe linked to competition and dominance relationships between birds in protected areas, make the leaner teal more likely to get killed by hunters. Whatever the mechanism involved, this pattern suggests that carrying capacity was reached in the protected areas, a situation calling for appropriate habitat management.

Published
2007

41. Wintering behaviour and spatial ecology of Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola in western France

Author

Duriez, O., Herve Fritz, Saïd, S., Ferrand, Y., Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Avifaune Migratrice (CNERA), ONCFS, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNERA Cervidés Sanglier (ONCFS), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC)

Subjects
[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

National audience; The spatial ecology of wintering Eurasian Woodcocks Scolopax rusticola was investigated to determine whether hunting-free forest reserves offer adequate protection to all individuals. The analysis of movements performed by 65 radiotagged Woodcocks during three consecutive winters in Brittany revealed the existence of three types of individual strategies. During daylight hours, 34% of birds remained in a unique core area (of 1.1 ha) during January and February while 18% used several core areas successively (never came back to a previously used core) and 48% alternated between several core areas (exploratory movements around several core areas visited several times). Alternating diurnal strategies seemed to result from a lower abundance of food (earthworms), whereas this was not the case in the unique coreuse strategy. The successive core-use strategy was considered as a subset of the ‘unique' strategy, for which birds were forced to change sites because of a lower abundance of food after depletion. During the night, 62% of birds showed alternative core-use whereas 33% lived in a unique core and the ‘successive' strategy was almost absent. As food abundance was similar in the night cores used by birds under each strategy, we discuss the reasons for the nocturnal strategies in relation to individual differences in territoriality or the ability to detect predators. Both diurnal and nocturnal strategies led most of the birds to leave the reserve, and the important use of bocage and hedges by day (by 39% of birds) and meadows at night (83% of birds used meadows on more than 70% of nights), around the protected forest, call for their inclusion in management plans around reserves

Published
2005

42. Reedbed selection and colony size of breeding Purple Herons Ardea purpurea in southern France

Author

Barbraud, Christophe, Lepley, Michel, Mathevet, Raphael, Mauchamp, André, Bonnet, Delphine, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), and CNERA Avifaune Migratrice

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

International audience; Reedbeds of Phragmites australis have declined in Europe in recent decades. Moreover, in some European countries the remaining reedbeds are intensively managed for industrial reed cutting, hunting or grazing. Several species of conservation concern, such as herons and pelicans, use reedbeds as their principal breeding habitat. At the same time, data on habitat use and colony size of these species in relation to reedbed management practices are scarce. We investigated habitat characteristics of 71 reedbeds occupied or unoccupied by breeding Purple Herons Ardea purpurea in the Rhône delta (Camargue) and in other Mediterranean coastal marshes in southern France. In addition, data on colony size in occupied reedbeds were collected from aerial surveys. Reedbeds occupied by breeding Purple Herons were unharvested, or only partially harvested, in winter and had higher water levels in spring compared with unoccupied reedbeds. A logistic regression model with reed harvesting intensity and water levels in mid-April as independent variables correctly classified reedbed use for 94.7% of the reedbeds in the study. A model with water levels in mid-April alone was only 90.9% accurate, suggesting that low water level in spring is the most important factor limiting reedbed occupation by breeding Purple Herons. A general linear model indicated significant effects of harvesting intensity and reedbed surface area on colony size. Within occupied reedbeds there was a strong tendency for colony size to increase with increasing reedbed surface area. Given the recent developments in reed harvesting and wetland management in southern France and elsewhere in Europe, these results provide the first information on potential effects of these practices on reed nesting herons, and suggest that Purple Heron conservation is likely to be favoured by maintaining large uncut reedbeds with relatively high water levels in spring. The possible effect of changes in habitat on the Purple Heron population in southern France is discussed.

Published
2002

43. The effect of lead exposure on survival of adult mallards in the Camargue, southern France

Author

Tavecchia, Giacomo, Pradel, Roger, Lebreton, Jean-Dominique, Johnson, Alan, Mondain-Monval, Jean-Yves, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), CNERA-Avifaune Migratrice, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
recoveries, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lead poisoning, seasonal survival, Key-words : crippling losses, ringing, in-season banding, injuries
Abstract

International audience; 1. In those countries where lead shot is still in use, a secondary effect of waterfowl hunting is lead poisoning from shot ingested by birds during bottom feeding. Moreover, waterfowl injured during hunting can die undetected as a direct or indirect consequence of wounds. The occurrence and influence of these types of lead exposure have often been estimated by the inspection of dead bodies, but this method will yield biased estimates if dead birds are not a random sample of the population. 2. We analysed a historical set of recoveries of adult mallard Anas platyrynchos ringed in the Camargue, southern France, over the period 1960-71, for which the amount and type of lead exposure had been determined by X-ray inspection before release. It was therefore possible to investigate the prevalence and effect of lead shot, avoiding the problem of post-stratification that may arise when only dead individuals are considered. 3. Among the captured birds, the proportion of gizzard-contaminated birds was constant (0·11) during the study period. In contrast, the proportion of birds carrying pellets in muscles increased linearly from 0·19 to 0·29. Males and females were similarly exposed to shot from both sources. 4. The relative survival of lead-affected mallards was 19% lower than unaffected birds for both types of lead exposure. The two sources of mortality were additive on a logarithmic scale and unaffected by sex. 5. Attempts to estimate the consequence of lead poisoning on population dynamics were not conclusive because of large confidence intervals in survival estimates. Moreover , it was still not clear how much mortality due to lead exposure should be considered as additive to other causes. We nevertheless advocate measures to control the long-term impact of lead exposure on waterfowl populations. 6. This work presents a new approach to the analysis of survival, in which the standard recovery models were reformulated in terms of monthly survival. This allows for the effect of a long ringing period during which mortality cannot be ignored. It also allows the estimation of parameters for newly marked birds without additional information. Since any within-year time interval can be considered, this approach can be used to investigate seasonal changes in mortality.

Published
2001

44. La Dombes, espace d'équilibre ou simple substrat pour la culture céréalière ?

Author

Broyer, Joël, MAYER, Pierre-Henri, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice (Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage), and Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage

Subjects
[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

International audience; « La Dombes traditionnelle est, dans bien des esprits, un paradis ornithologique et cynégétique, un modèle où vie sauvage et activités humaines s'expriment dans une symbiose harmonieuse. Chasseurs et ornithologues savent hélas que "quelque chose" dans le fonctionnement de cet écosystème original s'est désormais déréglé ». Voici ce que nous écrivions il y a douze ans dans le Bulletin mensuel de l'ONC (novembre1987). Allusion faite en particulier à l'évolution très défavorable des populations nicheuses de canards dans une région qui était encore le principal centre de leur reproduction en France. Les données les plus récentes montrent aujourd'hui que la situation a sensiblement empiré depuis1. Cette information très précise, parfaitement corroborée par les données de la station ONC de la Dombes, indique que le nombre de couples cantonnés de milouin et de chipeau a été divisé par 3, des années 1970 aux années 1990, le souchet, la sarcelle d'été et le morillon approchant de l'extinction. Quant au colvert, il est désormais tenu artificiellement par des lâchers massifs !Inutile de commenter longuement les courbes illustrant la chute vertigineuse des peuplements dans les années 1970, se poursuivant plus doucement mais tout aussi sûrement au cours des deux décennies suivantes. Peut-on encore, avant que ces courbes ne touchent l'abscisse, comprendre la nature d'un problème qui est bien une spécificité dombiste : il ne se manifeste en effet guère dans l'autre grande région de pisciculture en étangs de la région Rhône-Alpes, le Forez. Plusieurs facteurs sont depuis longtemps invoqués par les analystes : la prédation, la pression de chasse et la dégradation des habitats. Des éléments convergents nous portent à croire fermement que la « modernisation » de l'agriculture en a été le véritable déclencheur.

Published
2000

45. In memoriam - Le Goéland argenté (Larus argentatus) et le syndrome du pied tendre

Author

Pascal, Michel, Yésou, Pierre, Siorat, Francois, MAYER, Pierre-Henri, INRA, laboratoire de la Faune sauvage, ONC-CNERA, Avifaune migratrice Nantes, and LPO

Subjects
[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

International audience; Lorsque nos compatriotes riverains de la Manche et de l'Atlantique vilipendent le Goéland (l'appelant souvent Mouette), bien peu savent que, des quatre espèces ruchant sur ce littoral français, c'est essentiellement le Goéland argenté qui est à l'origine des vols à l'étalage de leurs poissonneries, du conchiage de leurs belles façades, et des chorales qui les sortent du lit à point d'heure.

Published
1997

46. L'inventaire des micromammifères de la réserve de faune de l'Ile de Béniguet (Finistère)

Author

Pascal, Michel, Bioret, F., Yesou, P., d'Escrienne, L.G., UR 0936 Unité Faune sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), URA 1518 Géosystèmes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Direction de la recherche et du développement, Office National de la Chasse, CNERA Avifaune migratrice, and Groupement Atlantique Nord des Brigades mobiles d'intervention

Subjects
mice, withdrawal, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], inventaire faunistique, reservation, finistère, ile de beniguet, souris, échantillonnage, mus musculus, biodiversité, bretagne, faune, gestion, micromammifère, réserve, faunal survey, france, milieu insulaire, micromammals
Abstract

L'inventaire des micromammifères de la réserve de faune de l'Ile de Béniguet (Finistère)

Published
1994

47. Roe deer survival patterns: a comparative analysis of contrasting populations

Author

Gaillard Jean-Michel, Daniel Delorme, Bernard Boisaubert, Roger Pradel, Boutin Jean-Marie, Guy Van Laere, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNERA Cervidés Sanglier, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune migratrice - Station de Chizé, Centre National d'Etudes et de Recherches Appliquées sur les Cervidés-Sangliers (ONCFS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Nature reserve, education.field_of_study, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Zoology, 15. Life on land, Biology, Body weight, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010601 ecology, Roe deer, Density dependence, Survivorship curve, biology.animal, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, Reproduction, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract

From two enclosed populations monitored for 13 and 11 years, time- and age-specific survival rates of roe deer were estimated in relation to age and study site by recent capture-mark-recapture methods. The two populations were very different. Roe deer in Trois Fontaines, a 1360 ha reserve in east France, faced severe winters. The size of this highly productive population was roughly constant during the study period. Conversely, in Chize, a 2660 ha reserve in west France with mild winters, roe deer showed density dependence in reproduction and body weight. As a general rule, females survived better than males, the survival rates of prime-age adults were the highest, and survival decreased after 7 years of age. Only the severe winters affected markedly the survivorship of roe deer

Published
1993

48. Will estimates of lifetime recruitment of breeding offspring on small-scale study plots help us to quantify processes underlying adaptation?

Author

Alain Caizergues, Jacques Blondel, Paula C. Dias, Donald W. Thomas, Roger Pradel, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Office Nationale de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Offspring, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Population, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Local study, Breed, Scale (social sciences), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Adaptation, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Demography
Abstract

Reviewing 22 long-term studies of birds that provide information on the individual lifetime recruitment of breeding offspring in local study plots, we estimated local replacement rates of adults by breeding offspring (LRR) on these plots. The studies indicate that on average two thirds of the offspring emigrate to breed outside the study plots and are replaced by immigrants. Because recent studies show that individuals that disperse can differ from those that stay, and parents may produce dispersers and non-dispersers in different proportions, recruitment of breeding offspring in local study plots may not reflect the total recruitment of breeding offspring in the whole population. It is concluded that the identification of adaptations using estimates of lifetime recruitment of breeding offspring in study plots may be misleading and conclusions concerning adaptations are most often premature and extremely complicated to demonstrate quantitatively.

49. Temporal variation in annual survival probability of the Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola wintering in France

Author

Giacomo Tavecchia, Yves Ferrand, François Gossmann, Claudine Bastat, Roger Pradel, Jean-Dominique Lebreton, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice (Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Avifaune Migratrice (CNERA), ONCFS, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Eurasian woodcock, biology, Range (biology), Zoology, Woodcock, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Nocturnal, meteorological covariables, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, Survival probability, Recovery rate, Threshold effect, recov- ery, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, seasonal survival, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Demographic model, management, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

International audience; Lebreton, J-D. 2002: Temporal variation in annual survival probability of the Eurasian wood-cock Scolopax rusticola wintering in France.-Wildl. Biol. 8: xxx-xxx. The Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola is an important quarry species hunted all over its range. Some authors have reported local declines in both wintering and breeding woodcock numbers. In order to investigate whether these possible declines are the result of a negative trend in survival, we analysed 3,312 recoveries of 15,839 woodcocks ringed in France during 14 consecutive winters (1984/85-1997/98). We distinguished between winter (October-February) and summer (March-September) recoveries in order to estimate survival and recovery rate separately for each period because selective pressures during these two periods are likely to be different. Survival varied according to year during both winter and summer. Winter survival probability covaried positively with mean winter nocturnal temperature and ranged from 0.74 (SE = 0.057) during the winter of 1985/86 to 0.83 (SE = 0.042) during the winter of 1994/95. Mortality of first-year birds was 22% higher than that of adults in any year. Results from a second analysis in which we compared survival of birds ringed during 1991-1997 in the three main woodcock wintering areas along the French Atlantic coast suggested a threshold effect of weather conditions. Mean winter survival covaried with temperature and rainfall mainly in the northernmost regions where weather conditions are more severe. We did not find any particular trend in survival probability that could explain the possible declines in woodcock numbers. However, the generally low adult annual survival, and the negative influence of stochastic events such as severe winter conditions might drive populations to a level from which it would be difficult to recover. Results of a two-age-class demographic model are discussed together with implications for management.

50. Landscape genetic analyses reveal fine-scale effects of forest fragmentation in an insular tropical bird.

Author

Khimoun A, Peterman W, Eraud C, Faivre B, Navarro N, and Garnier S

Subjects
Animals, Guadeloupe, Models, Genetic, Forests, Gene Flow, Genetics, Population, Passeriformes genetics
Abstract

Within the framework of landscape genetics, resistance surface modelling is particularly relevant to explicitly test competing hypotheses about landscape effects on gene flow. To investigate how fragmentation of tropical forest affects population connectivity in a forest specialist bird species, we optimized resistance surfaces without a priori specification, using least-cost (LCP) or resistance (IBR) distances. We implemented a two-step procedure in order (i) to objectively define the landscape thematic resolution (level of detail in classification scheme to describe landscape variables) and spatial extent (area within the landscape boundaries) and then (ii) to test the relative role of several landscape features (elevation, roads, land cover) in genetic differentiation in the Plumbeous Warbler (Setophaga plumbea). We detected a small-scale reduction of gene flow mainly driven by land cover, with a negative impact of the nonforest matrix on landscape functional connectivity. However, matrix components did not equally constrain gene flow, as their conductivity increased with increasing structural similarity with forest habitat: urban areas and meadows had the highest resistance values whereas agricultural areas had intermediate resistance values. Our results revealed a higher performance of IBR compared to LCP in explaining gene flow, reflecting suboptimal movements across this human-modified landscape, challenging the common use of LCP to design habitat corridors and advocating for a broader use of circuit theory modelling. Finally, our results emphasize the need for an objective definition of landscape scales (landscape extent and thematic resolution) and highlight potential pitfalls associated with parameterization of resistance surfaces., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2017
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