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Wrist watches have accompanied people in the most important moments since the 1810s and have undergone an esthetic and mechanical transformation process to align with safety standards and regulations depending on the destination of each type of wrist watch. This article aims to determine the influence of the filling percentage and the most common filling geometry pattern on the mechanical tensile behavior of a watch bracelet model manufactured from flexible filament. The comparative study is carried out on samples with two different filling percentages, manufactured by using the FDM technology from a thermoplastic material polyether‐polyurethane elastomer (TPU) with a hardness scale of 82A and thermoplastic elastomer (TPU) with a hardness scale of 93A, these being subsequently subjected to two‐direction traction tests with the aim of determining the braking strap models resistance depending on the material hardness, thus, creating the prerequisites for finding a solution to increase the durability of the custom made watch straps from TPU through FDM technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By around 2020, online communication had not only become a part of our daily lives but also appeared in its imitations and film representations. This article examines the formal solutions in five films released in 2018-2019 that attempt to portray the characteristics of online communication within the fabric of the film. Two feature films from Hungarian cinema are analyzed: Mihály Schwechtje’s Remélem, legközelebb sikerül meghalnod (Hope You Die Next Time) and Attila Hartung’s FOMO – Megosztod, és uralkodsz, as well as László Csuja’s documentary Kilenc hónap háború (Nine Months of War). Among foreign films released around the same time, Timur Bekmambetov’s Profile and Aneesh Chaganty’s Searching are the subjects of investigation. The article also addresses how most viewers watch these films made for the big screen on their own laptops and how this visual aspect correlates with the given film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do leaders with divergent visions for their organization come together to create a novel strategy? This paper employs paradox as a lens to investigate how leader dyads can integrate opposing strategies to produce a new, generative approach. Drawing on a qualitative historical case study of Switzerland's largest watch company during the quartz crisis in Swiss watchmaking, we induce a process model from the activities of two leaders whose relationship embodied the tensions and strategic contradictions of preserving the past and modernizing for the future. The model specifies a set of individual, relational, and structural mechanisms by which leaders productively engage with a "preservation–modernization paradox" to facilitate novel strategy in the wake of a discontinuity. We interpret our findings in terms of the demands of navigating the management and outcomes of strategic paradoxes. While tracing the theoretical and practical implications of our model and our findings, we address leadership conundrums characteristic of organizations confronting paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay discusses the impact of Todd Gitlin's book, "The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left," on how we think about and teach the influence of mainstream media on progressive social movements. Gitlin's analysis highlights how the media, particularly the New York Times and CBS, framed and covered the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the anti-war movement, often trivializing, marginalizing, and delegitimizing their efforts. The essay emphasizes the power of media frames and the myth of objectivity in shaping public perception and maintaining the status quo. Gitlin's work continues to be influential in understanding how progressive movements are covered by the media. [Extracted from the article]

The gradual emergence of online education in China in recent years requires new means of real-time monitoring and timely feedback to students. This research examines the effectiveness of synchronized eye movement assessment of attention engagement through two experiments. The first experiment used 24 university students in school as participants and made them watch the same video in high and low attentional engagement states (serial subtraction task) to compare the Inter-Subject Correlation (ISC) of participants' eye movements in different conditions. The results showed that the ISC of eye movements was significantly higher for participants in a high attentional engagement state than for participants in a low attentional engagement state. The second experiment had 26 university students in school as participants, as part of which they were made to watch video materials under the condition of having eye movement modeling examples. The results showed that the ISC of eye movements was significantly lower for participants in the group with eye movement modeling examples than those without eye movement modeling examples. However, overall test scores were significantly higher in the former than the latter. The first experiment showed that the eye movement trajectories of participants with high attentional engagement were more consistent than of those with low attentional engagement. Therefore, the ISC of participants' eye movements could be used as an objective indicator to assess and predict students' attentional conditions during online education. The second experiment showed that the eye movement modeling examples interfered with the participants' attention distribution to some extent; nevertheless, they positively affected the improvement in teaching effectiveness. Overall, the studies showed that the Inter-Subject Correlation is reliable to assess attentional engagement status in domestic online education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses a study of the Swiss mechanical watch industry to build theory about how a legacy technology, instead of being supplanted by a new dominant design as current theory would predict, is able to reemerge and achieve new market growth. The introduction of the battery-powered quartz watch in the 1970s made mechanical watches largely obsolete, but by 2008 the Swiss mechanical watchmaking industry had rematerialized to become the world's leading exporter (in monetary value) of watches. This study uncovers the process and mechanisms associated with technology reemergence: the resurgence of substantive and sustained demand for a legacy technology following the introduction of a new dominant design. It reveals that technology reemergence involves a cognitive process of redefining both the meanings and values associated with the legacy technology and the boundaries of the market for that technology. Watchmakers redefined and combined values of craftsmanship, luxury, and precision to create new meanings and values for mechanical watch technology; repositioned the mechanical watch as an identity and status marker; temporally distanced themselves from the period of the discontinuous quartz technology by recalling their founding and more successful past and connecting it to the future; and used conceptual bridges such as analogies and metaphors to help employees and consumers understand the new meanings. They redefined market boundaries by reclaiming the competitive set, rebuilding the community of mechanical watchmakers, and mobilizing groups of enthusiast consumers who valued the mechanical watch. For mechanical watchmakers, reemergence culminated in competitive and consumer differentiation that ushered in reinvestment in innovation and substantive and sustained demand growth for the legacy technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 14th to 17th century in Europe, a variety of types of mechanical turret clocks were manufactured, many of which have been replaced or abandoned. At present, vertically arranged mechanical turret clocks can be rarely found. This study mainly analyzed the mechanism and technology of nine existing vertically arranged mechanical turret clocks manufactured in Europe from the 15th to the 17th century, in order to determine the design rules based on mechanical evolution and variation. The systematical restoration of vertically arranged mechanical turret clocks in history has resulted in 16 representative mechanism configurations of movements of mechanical turret clocks. The content and results of this study can provide its readers a clearer understanding about the mechanism design and technology of the vertically arranged mechanical turret clocks of each period throughout history in order to establish a comprehensive knowledge system. Furthermore, understanding the design concept of the vertically arranged mechanical turret clock contributes to the establishment of every possible restoration design construction throughout history. These innovative results not only provide new historical materials that could be applied in the research of science and technology history, but also contribute to the development of creativity and science education teaching materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kind representations, concepts like table, triangle, dog, and planet, underlie generic language. Here, we investigate the formal structure of kind representations—the structure that distinguishes kind representations from other types of representations. The present studies confirm that participants distinguish generic‐supporting properties of individuals (e.g., this watch is made of steel) and accidental properties (e.g., this watch is on the nightstand). Furthermore, work dating back to Aristotle establishes that only some generic‐supporting properties bear a principled connection to the kind, that is, are true of an individual by virtue of its being a member of a specific kind (e.g., telling time for a watch). The present studies tested the hypothesis that principled connections are part of the formal structure of kind representations. Specifically, they tested whether they structure a newly learned kind representation. Experiment 1 found that introducing a property of a newly encountered novel kind in any one of four linguistic frames that provide evidence that a property has a principled connection to a kind (e.g., "It has fur because it is a blick") led participants to infer a different conceptual consequence of principled connections (i.e., "There is something wrong with this blick, which does not have fur") for which they had no direct evidence. Two introduction frames that provided no evidence for principled connections (e.g., "Almost all blicks have fur") did not generate the same consequence. Experiment 2 found that all of the targeted properties were generic licensing, irrespective of the introduction frame. That the distinction between properties that bear principled connections to their kinds, and merely generic‐supporting properties structures novel kind representations, provides strong evidence that this distinction is part of the formal structure of kind representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binge watching has risen in popularity, and thus is receiving increasing scholarly attention. Across the limited range of studies that have been conducted, there is a lack of uniform conceptualization and empirical measurement of binge watching making generalizability and theoretical development across studies challenging. This investigation provides an overview of current binge watching conceptualization and operationalization, and presents initial testing of two measures of binge watching for both general binge watching behavior, and single-program binge watching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiences of others can often be used as a motivator, caution tale, point of education, and much more. Parents describe their own experiences to help their children make the right choices, including avoiding some mistakes they might regret. We watch movies and read books about historical figures, actors, athletes, and other famous people to better understand how their experiences shaped the person they became. More recently the growth of influencer culture has led people to watch videos to make decisions based on what the person tells them of their own experience. The difficulty is that many of these experiences have been selectively crafted to fit what makes a good movie or to promote a product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although previous researchers have shown that attention is preferentially allocated during situations involving both threat and self-relevant information, it is unclear which information type requires more cognitive resources. We compared the automatic processing of threat and self-relevant stimuli using the no-report oddball paradigm. Participants looked at images on a computer screen that displayed fighting with opponents or interacting with friends or customers. The body action of the person depicted was performed either toward the viewing participant or toward other people. Participants watched without making an explicit response, and event-related potentials were measured with electroencephalography. We found that threat (vs. self-relevant) information elicited a larger P300 amplitude, and for nonthreatening events the P300 amplitude was larger for self-relevant than other-relevant stimuli. These results indicate that threat (vs. self-relevant) information demands more cognitive resources, possibly because people prioritize survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aura. Revista de Historia y Teoría del Arte is the property of Aura Revista de Historia y Teoria del Arte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rapid growth of global wearable device market within the last 5 years shows the tremendous interest of modern society on environmental sensing technology to develop intelligent and convenient services for human beings. Wearable devices like smart watch and intelligent eyeglasses have been successfully deployed or associated to various application domains such as gamification of healthcare, real time location identification, mobile online games and health indicator monitoring. The idea of incorporating micropayment capability within wearable device has become a hot issue along with the market growth of wearable devices. Security strength, performance efficiency and deployment cost are the three major factors to develop a user-friendly wearable-device-oriented micropayment environment. As almost all wearable devices with screen display including smart watches and smartphones manufactured in recent years are equipped with Bluetooth communication module as a default deployment model; a Bluetooth-based authentication frontend is a reasonable choice for a user-friendly wearable-device-oriented micropayment system in terms of the reduction of system deployment cost. In this paper, a robust and lightweight BLE-based authentication protocol to support wearable-device-oriented micropayment system is proposed. The proposed authentication protocol generates unique and secure session key for each communicating session utilizing Physical Unclonable Function. Security analysis is conducted to evaluate security strength of the proposed protocol. Performance comparison among existing protocols shows that the proposed protocol is superior to other solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the East-West position was a classical problem in human sea navigation until accurate clocks were manufactured and sailors were able to measure the difference between local time and a fixed reference to determine longitude. Experienced night-migratory songbirds can correct for East-West physical and virtual magnetic displacements to unknown locations. Migratory birds do not appear to possess a time-different clock sense; therefore, they must solve the longitude problem in a different way. We showed earlier that experienced adult (but not juvenile) Eurasian reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) can use magnetic declination (the difference in direction between geographic and magnetic North) to solve this problem when they were virtually displaced from Rybachy on the eastern Baltic coast to Scotland. In this study, we aimed to test how general this effect was. Adult and juvenile European robins (Erithacus rubecula) and adult garden warblers (Sylvia borin) under the same experimental conditions did not respond to this virtual magnetic displacement, suggesting significant variation in how navigational maps are organised in different songbird migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Numismática Hécate is the property of Revista Numismatica Hecate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The time measuring elements evolved during time, both from technological perspective and design, as much as nowadays, exact time is available to everyone. Through technological development, every device tends to have a function of measuring and displaying time. Due to this reason, an important element in manufacturing of the watches is the design, no matter if we are considering a hand watch, a wall watch or a public one. This thesis is aiming to present the development of a new design, modern and unique, for a public watch that shall become a symbol of the Polytechnic University of Bucharest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]