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Climate change is dramatically altering the environmental context in which marine resources are harvested and managed. A growing field of academic literature has begun to explore the adaptive capacity of fishers and managers to respond to this change, but much of this field is abstract and theory-driven. Therefore, it is unclear whether this literature accurately reflects the adaptation priorities of fishery management practitioners, or whether there are gaps in the literature that these practitioners could fill with on-the-ground knowledge. Second, even if these principles of adaptive capacity are perfectly aligned with management practitioners’ priorities, it is unclear to what extent these principles are actively considered in the decision making process, and if not, why. This study seeks to address these questions by confronting fisheries professionals with academic ideas around adaptive capacity through a series of semi-structured interviews with federal fishery managers and scientists whose work informs decision making in the United States regional fishery management system. The study then uses these interviews to identify three low-cost, high-impact action items that could make concepts from the academic literature more accessible and useful to these practitioners and expand the literature by incorporating practitioners’ expertise. These action items are: 1) distinguish adaptive capacity from adaptive management, 2) use practitioner insights to contextualize the elements of adaptive capacity within the constraints and opportunities of governance systems, and 3) expand academic research to explicitly consider the capacity to adapt on appropriate timelines given the scale and pace of systemic change.

Extreme weather events are becoming more severe due to climate change, increasing the risk of contaminant releases from hazardous sites disproportionately located in low-income communities of color. We evaluated contaminant releases during Hurricanes Rita, Ike, and Harvey in Texas and used regression models to estimate associations between neighborhood racial/ethnic composition and residential proximity to hurricane-related contaminant releases. Two-to-three times as many excess releases were reported during hurricanes compared to business-as-usual periods. Petrochemical manufacturing and refineries were responsible for most air emissions events. Multivariable models revealed sociodemographic disparities in likelihood of releases; compared to neighborhoods near regulated facilities without a release, a one-percent increase in Hispanic residents was associated with a 5 and 10% increase in the likelihood of an air emissions event downwind and within 2 km during Hurricanes Rita and Ike (odds ratio and 95% credible interval= 1.05 [1.00, 1.13], combined model) and Harvey (1.10 [1.00, 1.23]), respectively. Higher percentages of renters (1.07 [1.03, 1.11], combined Rita and Ike model) and rates of poverty (1.06 [1.01, 1.12], Harvey model) were associated with a higher likelihood of a release to land or water, while the percentage of Black residents (0.94 [0.89, 1.00], Harvey model) was associated with a slightly lower likelihood. Population density was consistently associated with a decreased likelihood of a contaminant release to air, land, or water. Our findings highlight social inequalities in the risks posed by natural-technological disasters that disproportionately impact Hispanic, renter, low-income, and rural populations.

Weather extremes, such as drought, are predicted to be a strong determinant of species persistence under climate change. Yet predictions often fail to consider that variation in streamflow responses, variation in population dynamics, or adaptations to drought could buffer species against extremes. In this study, we examined the responses of eight California (USA) steelhead populations to a severe drought from 2012 to 2016. We observed that streamflows were highly synchronous across the region in all seasons and did not appear to buffer drought impacts. Population dynamics were variable across the region and did appear to buffer the region from drought impacts. Some populations had very low productivity for 4 years associated with the drought, while others had slightly below-average productivity for only 2 years. Population synchrony was associated with spring-smolt flow, temperature, and drought over time, but was not associated with winter-spawner or summer-juvenile drought, suggesting populations may be adapted to drought conditions. Our results highlight how regional buffering and adaptation can be important mechanisms against climate extremes both now and into the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is a critical ecosystem service for reducing CO2 emissions. Terrestrial ecosystems, including the agriculture lands, hold the second largest carbon reserves after oceans, containing 2,344 Gt of carbon. Agroforestry plays an important role in sequestering (SOC) which is essential for mitigating CO2. Due to increased anthropogenic activities, global CO2 emissions continue to rise. In agroecological zones, SOC serves as a key reservoir for atmospheric CO2. This research evaluates sustainability comparison between two land types for carbon sequestration potential and soil fertility parameters in District Multan, Pakistan; mango-based agroforestry (MBA) and cropland (CL) respectively. Soil samples were collected randomly at a depth of 20 cm from the locations; under tree shade in mango-based agroforestry (MBAUS), outside the tree shade (MBA), and cropland (CL). These samples were tested for analysis for (SOC), organic matter (OM %), nitrogen percentage (N %), saturation percentage (SP %), bulk density (BD), and carbon-to-nitrogen (C: N) ratio between mean values of agroforestry and CL. Results indicated that the amount of SOC was higher in agroforestry (0.64) compared to CL (0.43). Similarly, OM% was 1.15 in agroforestry and 0.75% in CL. N% was 0.055 in agroforestry and 0.037 in CL, C: N ratio (12:1) in agroforestry versus (11:1) in CL. SP was greater in CL (36.1) than in agroforestry (34.1), similarly, BD was higher in CL (1.361 g/cm3) and (1.077 g/cm3) in agroforestry. The study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and four replications. ANOVA was used for data analysis. According to the results, the carbon sequestration potential and fertility index of agroforestry was quite double that of cropland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the growth of Indigenous grassroots community groups across Hawai'i, whose efforts are pivotal to place-based climate change resilience and community well-being. Instead of focusing on specific ecosystem resilience actions, it highlights the people and places that make this movement of community organizations resilient, leveraging both social and cultural strengths to adapt to climate impacts. For many Indigenous peoples, climate change is not new; adaptation has already been integral to relationships between environment and culture. These changes require culturally responsive approaches, not short-term engineering solutions such as coastal hardening or stream channelization. A collaboration between a grassroots artist mapping initiative ('ÃINAVIS) and a university's community-based research project ('ÃINA KUPU), this study utilizes a novel data index compiled using publicly available information to inform a series of in-depth student interviews with community groups across Hawai'i whose mission, vision, and work are dedicated to caring for 'ãina. We find that these "'Ãina Organizations" articulate climate resilience in multi-faceted and culturally grounded ways, maintaining reciprocal and mutual relationships with 'ãina, the Hawaiian term for land meaning "that which feeds." Facing various challenges and needing different systems of support, our work maps the dynamic adaptability of 'ãina expressed through community networks of collaborative care with emphasis on the importance of intergenerational knowledge and genealogical connection to place shared and passed onto future generations. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of working on 'ãina as an exercise of Indigenous sovereignty, expanding climate resilience with cultural practice and social justice as both outcome and process of climate change adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mungbean plays a significant role in global food and nutritional security. However, the recent drastic rise in atmospheric temperature has posed an imminent threat to mungbean cultivation. Therefore, this study investigates the growth and physiological changes of 87 mungbean germplasm lines under heat stress. Genotypes were examined using parameters including leaf area, chlorophyll content, membrane stability index (MSI), stomatal conductance, pollen viability, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, number of seeds/pod, 100-seed weight and grain yield/plant under heat stress and control environments. A wide range of variation was observed for these traits among genotypes under heat stress and control environments. Genotypes were also identified with variable responses under both environments. The phenotypic expression of selected promising accessions was also validated in control environment conditions at the National Phytotron facility. The selected promising genotypes viz., IC76475, IC418452 and IC489062 validated their heat tolerance behavior for key candidate genes revealed by quantitative realtime PCR (qRT-PCR). These mungbean genotypes can act as potential resources in the mungbean improvement programs for heat stress tolerance. This study also provides a comprehensive understanding of the key mechanisms underlying heat tolerance in mungbean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel mathematical framework for assessing and predicting the resilience of critical coastal infrastructures against wave overtopping hazards and extreme climatic events. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis model is developed to evaluate the relative influence of hydrodynamic, geomorphological, and structural factors contributing to wave overtopping dynamics. Additionally, a stochastic Gaussian process (GP) model is introduced to predict the mean overtopping discharge from coastal defences. Both the sensitivity analysis and the predictive models are validated using a large homogeneous dataset comprising 163 laboratory and field-scale tests. Statistical evaluations demonstrate the superior performance of the GPs in identifying key parameters driving wave overtopping and predicting mean discharge rates, outperforming existing regression-based formulae. The proposed model offers a robust predictive tool for assessing the performance of critical coastal protection infrastructures under various climate scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The south-western coastal area of Bangladesh proximity to Sundarbans is a hot spot of climate change. The perception and problems along with associated risks to the adaptation of climate change are not well understood. However, the present study was conducted in 2020–2021 through a multistage sampling technique, questionnaire survey, and focus group discussions (FGD). In addition, the Likert scale and the INFORM model are used to understand perceptions, problems, and extent of risks response to climate change adaptation in the study area. This study illustrates that early-aged illiterate, medium families (5–7 in numbers) and $ 18.45–$ 36.88 per month income level are more susceptible to the adaptation of climate change. The majority of the respondents are dependent on natural resources, such as rainwater (67.3%), dried leaves (65.4%, and fishing from Sundarbans (80.6%). Besides, most of the respondents experienced disasters (66.7%), water logging and salinity (65.05%), waterborne diseases (89.5%), and monetary problems (81%), which forced them to stay in a more critical lifestyle. The perception level was high in the unconcerned level (77.15%) followed by concerned (11.4%) and very concerned (9.5%), while only 1.95% showed neutral and none of them were very concerned. Likewise, in the study region, respondents are confronted with a variety of risks and exposure (42%), vulnerabilities (33%), and lack of capacity (25%). Also, significant differences in perception level and no significant differences were observed in risk level in this study. These findings insights into the necessity of educational and financial interventions to optimize identified risks and problems and increase the perception level of effective policy-making processes and adaptation strategies to the adaptation of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing occurrence of hot summer days causes stress to both humans and animals, particularly in urban areas where temperatures can remain high, even at night. Living nature offers potential solutions that require minimal energy and material costs. For instance, the Saharan silver ant (Cataglyphis bombycina) can endure the desert heat by means of passive radiative cooling induced by its triangular hairs. The objective of this study is to transfer the passive radiative cooling properties of the micro- and nanostructured chitin hairs of the silver ant body to technically usable, biodegradable and bio-based materials. The potential large-scale transfer of radiative cooling properties, for example, onto building exteriors such as house facades, could decrease the need for conventional cooling and, therefore, lower the energy demand. Chitosan, a chemically altered form of chitin, has a range of medical uses but can also be processed into a paper-like film. The procedure consists of dissolving chitosan in diluted acetic acid and uniformly distributing it on a flat surface. A functional structure can then be imprinted onto this film while it is drying. This study reports the successful transfer of the microstructure-based structural colors of a compact disc (CD) onto the film. Similarly, a polyvinyl siloxane imprint of the silver ant body shall make it possible to transfer cooling functionality to technically relevant surfaces. FTIR spectroscopy measurements of the reflectance of flat and structured chitosan films allow for a qualitative assessment of the infrared emissivity. A minor decrease in reflectance in a relevant wavelength range gives an indication that it is feasible to increase the emissivity and, therefore, decrease the surface temperature purely through surface-induced functionalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urban heat island (UHI) effect is a widely recognized phenomenon consisting of heat accumulation by dense urban construction and human activities, resulting in higher temperatures across urban areas compared to their surroundings. This article aims to quantify the UHI effect on several areas throughout the city of Lisbon, Portugal, with the main goal of validating, evaluating, and reinforcing urban climate adaptation and resilience strategies proposed in the recent scientific literature. A set of nine quality-controlled weather stations from the "Lisboa Aberta" network that are compliant with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards and installation requirements were used to characterize Lisbon's UHI, in comparison to a reference weather station from the Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), located at Lisbon Airport. By applying a principal component analysis (PCA) in an innovative way to 10 urban indexes, it is shown that the thermal inertia in Lisbon's urban areas is positively correlated with the UHI intensity and urban density, regardless of the daily heating/cooling cycle. Furthermore, the results show that land use also has an impact on the UHI effect, with continuous, vertical building areas showing the greatest deviations in comparison to the reference, averaging +1.8 °C. Contrastingly, horizontal building areas reveal an average deviation of +1.3 °C, with sparse, discontinuously built areas representing an average UHI effect of +0.2 °C. Finally, through a climatope analysis, it is determined that, across Lisbon, high-density urban areas and ventilation corridors are responsible for inducing average UHI effects of +1.7 °C and +0.2 °C, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring thermal comfort in educational spaces is crucial for creating climate-resilient buildings that can adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change. This study aims to analyze the thermal comfort level and energy consumption in partially glazed classrooms at a university in Semarang, Indonesia, which predominantly uses air conditioning. The research involved 31 students, with data collected on personal factors and environmental parameters over a four-week period. Measurements included indoor and outdoor air temperatures, relative humidity, and air velocity, while thermal comfort was assessed using the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD). The results showed average indoor and outdoor temperatures of 25.52℃ and 32.71℃, respectively, with a PMV of 0.63, indicating a slightly warm environment. The highest energy consumption occurred in the third week, reaching 2.420 kWh. These findings highlight the need to optimize energy use while maintaining thermal comfort in educational spaces to enhance climate resilience and ensure conducive learning environments despite rising urban temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research delves into the relatively uncharted territory of Islamic governance and its impact on strategic sustainability and climate resilience planning in Muslim-majority countries. It scrutinizes the role of religious regimes in public administration and policy-making within these nations. The study employs a case study methodology, focusing on 11 strategically chosen countries within the Islamic world, and evaluates their respective climate resilience and sustainable development objectives. Forty-five reports, plans, and government documents from 2017 to 2023 are analyzed using a two-cycle coding process facilitated by software. The paper makes three significant contributions. Firstly, it addresses the academic call for understanding the positive governance of sustainable development and resilience planning in Muslim-majority countries, specifically focusing on the role of religious regimes. Secondly, it reframes the general understanding of governance in public administration related to resilience planning in Islamic countries. Lastly, it offers an understanding of religious regimes to analyze climate resilience planning. The analysis reveals several thematic categories, each representing a different resilience and sustainability planning governance aspect. The study's results suggest that nations with the most effective plans tend to have robust economies, comprehensive educational institutions, pluralistic societies, inclusive governments, and liberal religious regimes, all of which positively influence sustainable development and climate resilience planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban Living Labs are open innovation ecosystems that integrate research and innovation activities within urban communities. However, while solutions co‐created and tested in the Urban Living Labs must be contextualized and tailored to each city's uniqueness, broader impact requires generalization and systematic replication across geographical, institutional, and sectoral boundaries. This article examines nine Living Labs in European coastal cities, identifying several barriers and drivers for mainstreaming and upscaling solutions to increase climate resilience through the Living Lab Integrative Process. Our analysis focuses on three main categories. First, social and cultural aspects highlighted include stakeholder engagement and awareness, communication, and dissemination. Second, we assess institutional and political aspects, such as silos, bureaucracy, and resources. Last, we investigate technical factors as knowledge and experience, technical and internal capacity, data availability and accessibility, climate‐related policies and actions, and long‐term perspective. The results suggest that while some barriers and drivers are common across the cases, providing generalizable patterns, there are also specific differences requiring tailored solutions at the local scale. Nonetheless, the diversity in drivers indicates the potential for sharing knowledge across cases to translate, embed, and scale solutions, enhancing the transition toward climate resilience. Learning and innovation in real‐life contexts are fundamental in the Living Lab approach, and our findings demonstrate that cross‐case learning can enhance an iterative process of contextualizing and generalizing innovative climate solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experts in the Netherlands have lately debated the novel policy idea to freely apply municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA). In this paper, we map this ambivalent and unforeseeable, subjective, expert debate. This will help policymaking because more knowledge on subjective expert viewpoints and perceptions allows for clustering conflict and consent as well as gaps in common understanding in this complex debate. We applied Q-methodology which resulted in four distinct perspectives in the expert debate that reveal insights into the social licence to operate and into the legitimacy of the novel bottom ash regime. The freely applicable quality of BA itself is accepted in all perspectives. Conflicting views were found about new risks, trust and socio-political acceptance of the novel BA applications. An important practical contribution of this study is that a higher acceptance of the freely applicable MSWI BA quality in the Netherlands within the expert community can be achieved if the new risks of the free application regime are tackled. We are the first to use Q-methodology in this field, and our academic contribution is that we show that this method can be a helpful tool to unravel complex expert debates also related to MSWI BA applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elephant Marsh is among the Ramsar sites in Africa that exist in complex conditions where its ecosystem services and functions (ESFs) have changed in time and space. The past 24 years have seen it being exposed to various threats instigated by land use/land cover changes (LULCC). Assessing its vulnerabilities under LULCC scenarios is essential in understanding the trajectory of its ESFs and for framing practical policy responses. This paper characterizes the Elephant Marsh ESF threats (drivers), pressures, state, impact, and the effectiveness of responses. The integration of the Fuzzy Delph method and analytical hierarchy process ranked the threats. The vulnerability assessment results revealed that demographic indicators (0.92) posed the most critical threats, followed by socio-economic (0.84) and ecological indicators (0.76). LULCC that occurred in eight-year intervals (1998, 2006, 2014, and 2022) driven by human and environmental dynamics reduced Elephant Marsh ESFs evidenced by a decline in the cumulative resilience coefficient (0.57 to 0.15), and increase in extreme weather events cumulative coefficient (0.3 to 0.8), indicating vulnerability state. The most impacted ESFs include regulatory, supporting, provisioning, and cultural ESFs. The study further showed that the effort to restore these most vulnerable ESFs under the current changing climatic scenarios mismatched the demand for ecosystem provisioning services, evidenced by the expansion of cultivated and irrigated land at the expense of areas covered by water, marshes, and forests. This study recommends integrating climate change mitigation efforts and community resilience planning in the development and implementation of wetland policy, management plans, and restoration strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What nutrient supply options can ensure maximum productivity and optimize the nutrient uptake of rice–wheat system (R-W system)? an experiment started in the year 1998 (19-year-old) to examine the impact of optimal nutrient supply (NS) strategies to maximize crop productivity and nutritional security in R-W system. To determine the best nutrient management strategies (BNMS), seven different NS methods were tested. These included (organic and mineral fertilizers), as well as combinations such as integrated plant nutrition system (IPNS), IPNS + B (berseem), and IPNS + C (cowpea), with the aim of enhancing the productivity and nutrient absorption of R-W system. Results showed that rice grain yield notably wide-ranging from 1.61 to 5.81 t ha−1 under different NS options and highest rice grain yield (mean of 19 years) was observed at IPNS + C (5.81 t ha−1), which was at par with IPNS (5.79 t ha−1), STCR (soil test crop response) (5.76 t ha−1) and IPNS + B (5.67 t ha−1) followed by 100% recommended dose fertilizer NPK (4.41 t ha−1), which equality with OF (organic farming) (4.04 t ha−1) and lowest was recorded in control plot (1.61 t ha−1). Wheat grain yield varied significantly from 1.43 to 5.86 t ha−1 under different NS options. The highest yield (mean of 19 years) was observed in treatments IPNS + B (5.86 t ha−1), IPNS (5.77 t ha−1), IPNS + C (5.48 t ha−1), and STCR (5.45 t ha−1), followed by OF at 4.49 t ha−1, NPK at 3.76 t ha−1, with the lowest in the control plot at 1.43 t ha−1. Additionally, total phosphorus and sulfur accumulation in rice (grain: 8.41 to 39.09 kg ha−1; straw: 6.02 to 23.54 kg ha−1) varied significantly across nutrient supply treatments. Overall, adoption of IPNS integration with legumes (IPNS + B and IPNS + C), can significantly improve productivity and nutrient accumulation in R-W systems. Incorporating legumes into farming practices is advised for sustained productivity and nutritional benefits.Article highlights: Legume integration boosts productivity in rice–wheat systems. Integrated plant nutrition system (IPNS) + cowpea enhances rice yield (5.81 t/ha). Highest wheat yield at IPNS + berseem (5.86 t/ha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sahelian countries including Burkina Faso face multiple challenges related to climatic conditions. Setting up effective disaster management plans is essential for protecting livelihoods and promoting sustainable development. Soil and water conservation measures (SWCMs) are emerging as key components of such plans, particularly in Burkina Faso. However, there is an insufficiency of studies exploring their potential as green infrastructures in the Sahelian context and this research aims to contribute to filling this gap. We used national data, remote sensing, and GIS tools to assess SWCM adoption and the potential for climate resilience. Stone ribbons emerged as the most widely adopted SWCM, covering 2322.4 km2 especially in the northern regions, while filtering dikes were the least widely adopted, at 126.4 km2. Twenty years of NDVI analysis showed a notable vegetation increase in Yatenga (0.075), Oudalan (0.073), and provinces with a high prevalence of SWCM practices. There was also an apparent increase in SWCM percentages from 60% of land degradation. Stone ribbons could have led to a runoff reduction of 13.4% in Bam province, highlighting their effectiveness in climate resilience and flood risk mitigation. Overall, encouraging the adoption of SWCMs offers a sustainable approach to mitigating climate-related hazards and promoting resilience in Sahelian countries such as Burkina Faso. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Africa’s diverse climates and sparse hydro-meteorological networks create significant challenges in accurately estimating river discharge. Discharge data are crucial for managing water resources and predicting extremes. Our review assesses the data gap, existing methods, and technologies for river discharge estimation in Africa. Limited gauging networks on rivers, including in 63 transboundary basins, hinder accurate discharge modelling, affecting resource management and disaster response. Despite the potential of remote sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS), satellite imagery, and machine learning, their large-scale application for river discharge monitoring in Africa is limited. We propose the use of a monitoring system involving local communities in data collection and decision making, supported by global data centres, enhanced regional data sharing, and strengthened transboundary cooperation. For example, incorporating water data products, including discharge data, in data cubes, such as Digital Earth Africa, could improve monitoring. Strategic investments in hydro-meteorological instrumentation are crucial for strengthening climate resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has found that nature connectedness, an experiential close connection to nature with cognitive, affective and physical benefits, profoundly impacts individual wellbeing and subsequently increases pro-environmental behaviors. However, little is known about the personal and contextual factors that predict nature connectedness. Testing theory derived from a qualitative interpretative phenomenological analysis study, this research addresses the lacuna in the literature. A structural equation model analysis finds that interoceptive awareness significantly predicts nature connection, that secure attachment to nature significantly explains this relationship, and that these inter-related constructs predict both pro-environmental behavior and wellbeing. This revised model of nature connection indicates important antecedents for the human-nature bond, illuminating in particular that the interpersonal relational processes foundational for close bonding with humans also occur in bonding with nature. Structural equation modeling indicates that emotional awareness is the dimension of interoceptive awareness that most significantly predicts nature connection, suggesting that the more aware a person is of the connection between inner bodily sensations and emotions, the more likely they can bond with nature. Given that interoceptive awareness indicates a coherent relationship with the self, including effective communication between body, mind and feelings, this process is therefore implicated in the capacity for humans to bond with nature. In sum, this present research points to the efficacy of an embodied, secure attachment with nature to help close both the human-nature disconnection chasm, and the environmental value-action gap. Theoretical and methodological implications for research and policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pearl millet is a nutri-cereal that is mostly grown in harsh environments, making it an ideal crop to study heat tolerance mechanisms at the molecular level. Despite having a better-inbuilt tolerance to high temperatures than other crops, heat stress negatively affects the crop, posing a threat to productivity gain. Hence, to understand the heat-responsive genes, the leaf and root samples of two contrasting pearl millet inbreds, EGTB 1034 (heat tolerant) and EGTB 1091 (heat sensitive), were subjected to heat-treated conditions and generated genome-wide transcriptomes. We discovered 13,464 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 6932 were down-regulated and 6532 up-regulated in leaf and root tissues. The pairwise analysis of the tissue-based transcriptome data of the two genotypes demonstrated distinctive genotype and tissue-specific expression of genes. The root exhibited a higher number of DEGs compared to the leaf, emphasizing different adaptive strategies of pearl millet. A large number of genes encoding ROS scavenging enzymes, WRKY, NAC, enzymes involved in nutrient uptake, protein kinases, photosynthetic enzymes, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) and several transcription factors (TFs) involved in cross-talking of temperature stress responsive mechanisms were activated in the stress conditions. Ribosomal proteins emerged as pivotal hub genes, highly interactive with key genes expressed and involved in heat stress response. The synthesis of secondary metabolites and metabolic pathways of pearl millet were significantly enriched under heat stress. Comparative synteny analysis of HSPs and TFs in the foxtail millet genome demonstrated greater collinearity with pearl millet compared to proso millet, rice, sorghum, and maize. In this study, 1906 unannotated DEGs were identified, providing insight into novel participants in the molecular response to heat stress. The identified genes hold promise for expediting varietal development for heat tolerance in pearl millet and similar crops, fostering resilience and enhancing grain yield in heat-prone environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective management of at-risk species often requires fine-scale actions by natural resource managers. However, balancing these actions with concurrent land uses is challenging, particularly when compounded by the interplay of climate shifts, and escalating wildland–urban interface conflicts. We used spatial prioritization tools designed for biodiversity conservation to help resource managers on the Island of Lānaʻi prioritize mutually exclusive land use objectives: endangered species recovery and subsistence and recreational hunting. We weighed the current and anticipated future distributions of threatened and endangered plant species against the distribution of non-native game mammals to plan for species recovery more effectively. Prioritization results identified multiple footprints that could support recovery of all endangered species targets in climate resilient areas while retaining the majority of existing hunting areas. However, very little native vegetation was retained in conservation footprints without deliberate inclusion, which increased footprint area by 268%. Scenarios which prioritized contiguous conservation areas also dramatically increased conservation footprint area, although these scenarios may reduce associated fencing costs. This work demonstrates how spatial prioritization may guide localized species recovery efforts by supporting long-term conservation planning that addresses anticipated climate-driven increases in conflict between conservation and other land uses, with clear applicability beyond Lānaʻi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The North Western Himalayan region, particularly the Kashmir valley, harbors a rich diversity of rice landraces, yet systematic studies on climate resilience are lacking. The present study was aimed at investigating the root traits and their interplay with shoot morphological and physiological traits under drought stress using seven indica and three japonica rice varieties released by SKUAST-Kashmir and their possible role in adaptive capacity to different environments. Significant variability was observed in root and shoot traits across the varieties. Root traits exhibited a wide phenotypic range, including rooting depth, fresh and dry weight, diameter, length, volume, surface area, and length density. Associations between root and shoot traits were identified, with notable correlations such as shoot weight with root shoot ratio, shoot length with root dry weight, diameter, and surface area, and tiller number with various root traits. Additionally, physiological traits like canopy temperature depression showed significant correlations with root depth and surface area. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis grouped japonica type varieties together with a notable outlier, Chenab, due to its superior root traits among indica varieties. These findings emphasize the substantial contribution of root traits to productivity and advocate for their integration into varietal development processes. In view of the increasing evidences in crop plants about their role of root traits in defining plant productivity and reproductive fitness, study of root traits could provide valuable insights into the patterns of crop adaptation to diverse areas and growing environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of the Martapura River on the microclimate of Banjarmasin City, Indonesia. Data were collected using twenty strategically placed sampling points along two routes adjacent to the river, with air temperature and relative humidity readings recorded at 10-minute intervals. Additionally, a portable weather station monitored these parameters over the river from 6:00 to 18:00. Using ENVI-met software, the study analyzed the effects on air temperature, relative humidity, and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV). The results indicated that the Martapura River significantly influences the local microclimate by reducing air temperatures by up to 1.5°C and increasing humidity levels by up to 5% near its banks. The cooling effect was more pronounced downwind of the river compared to upwind areas, and roads contributed to air temperatures that were up to 0.5°C higher. The study highlights the river's role in enhancing thermal comfort and mitigating urban heat islands, emphasizing the importance of integrating natural water bodies into urban planning for sustainable development and climate resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As global water resources decline and demand increases due to population growth and climate change, innovative rainwater storage systems (IRSSs) have become crucial. This review examines the potential of IRSSs to sustainably address rainwater challenges by analyzing key factors that influence their success. Drawing on research from Scopus and Google Scholar, it evaluates IRSSs in both urban and rural settings across different countries and regions, focusing on their contribution to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6. This review highlights how social, environmental, economic, and policy factors affect the success of IRSS compared to traditional systems common in developing nations. IRSSs can outperform traditional methods in sustainability, encouraging their adoption. However, there is a significant gap in policy integration that needs to be addressed for successful implementation. Further research is needed to better understand the contributing factors and their role in achieving sustainability. Integrating rainwater harvesting into national water policies could offer valuable guidance for policymakers and water resource managers in addressing issues like urban floods, water scarcity, and related social and environmental challenges in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the responses to the global commitments against climate change, the Ethiopian Government launched a nationwide Green Legacy Initiative (GLI) in 2019, which largely focused on forest tree plantations with some inclusion of fruit trees. Despite its tremendous efforts and investments, its effectiveness and impacts have not been studied. This paper attempted to address this necessity by conducting a cross‐sectional quasi‐experiment in three randomly selected woredas/districts of Lake Hawassa Watershed from August 20 to September 2, 2023. The research hypothesized the likely impacts of GLI on four dependent variables (hydrological regulation, soil stability, nutrient cycling and plant species diversity). To achieve this, the research considered the two variants of GLI practices (plantation with and without soil and water conservation measures) and the corresponding control sites. Having three sites and three treatments with five replications, the study involved a total of forty‐five quadrats of the same size (20 m × 20 m). The first three parameters were analysed using the landscape functionality analysis method, while the fourth employed Shannon's diversity index. Results of ANOVA showed that, on average 87% of randomly selected quadrats were found to significantly improve the local hydrology (runoff potential) (≈ 83.3% with Av. p = 0.012), soil stability (≈100% with Av. p = 0.002), nutrient cycling (≈83.3% with Av. p = 0.017) and plant species diversity (≈83.3% with Av. p = 0.012). The research revealed positive results from the Ethiopian Green Legacy Initiative. The small number of samples is acknowledged as a limitation of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal science learning centers (ISLCs) like zoos, aquariums and botanic gardens are trusted community assets and perceived as critical sites for learning outside the classroom for multigenerational learners. Moreover, their role in engaging the public in critical topics, such as climate change is widely recognized. As extreme weather events grow more frequent, building climate resilient social and ecological systems will be necessary. However, how ISLCs facilitate climate resilience is understudied. This paper presents findings from two qualitative case studies of climate resilience projects, through partnerships between community organizations and ISLCs. The results demonstrated the need to prioritize relationship building so that organizations with distinct approaches authentically appreciate each other's work and foster power symmetries. Diverse definitions of 'resilience' emerged, where ecological and social resilience held unique meaning for residents most vulnerable to climate events. Ultimately, the research highlighted how ISLCs and community partners can advance equitable and inclusive climate resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mulching plays a pivotal role in modern sustainable agriculture, offering a versatile solution to enhance soil quality, improve soil health, conserve resources, and optimize crop performance. This study examined the effects of various mulching materials on soil properties, seasonal variations in soil and environmental variables, and yam production in a tropical environment, with a focus on sustainable agricultural practice. We applied a range of mulch treatments, including black polythene, weedmat, sugarcane straw, organic compost, cowpea-live, juncao grass, sawdust, and a control with no mulch. The results indicated that the organic compost mulch significantly increased soil pH and soil electrical conductivity (EC). The control treatment resulted in the highest soil moisture content, while the highest soil temperature were recorded for the black polythene and organic compost mulch treatments. The organic compost mulch enhanced the soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil available phosphorus (SAP) content, and soil exchangeable calcium (SECa) content. The weedmat mulch showed the highest soil exchangeable potassium (SEK) content, and the control treatment exhibited the highest soil exchangeable magnesium (SEMg) and sodium (SENa) content. In terms of micronutrients, the sawdust mulch and black polythene mulch significantly increased soil exchangeable iron (SEFe) and copper (SECu) levels, respectively. Notable seasonal variations in soil pH, temperature, and environmental humidity were observed during the crop period. The soil pH fluctuated from slightly acidic levels in August 2023 to neutral levels in October, and then decreased to slightly acidic levels in early 2024 before stabilizing by March 2024. The soil temperature peaked in November and dropped in January, while the environmental humidity ranged from 48.25% in December to 76.33% in February. The study demonstrated that the organic compost mulch stood out as an advantageous choice because of its capacity to enhance the soil's properties and offer a balanced nutrient mix, making it particularly beneficial for yam cultivation. It also proved to be a reliable and balanced option to enhance soil quality with stable soil quality indices (SQIs). The weedmat mulch proved to be highly effective in enhancing yam growth and productivity. The weedmat mulch is the most profitable and cost-effective option for yam cultivation, providing the highest net returns and strong financial viability. This study emphasizes the value of choosing the right mulching materials to support soil quality, crop productivity, and economic returns in tropical settings, making strides toward more sustainable farming practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global food security has been significantly affected by climate change; hence, there is a need to come up with lasting and adaptable agricultural practices. The objective of this study is to understand the relationships between climate-smart agriculture (CSA) and food loss management, as these are essential fields that influence sustainable agriculture. By conducting a detailed bibliometric and bibliographic analysis, we have mapped out the research landscape regarding the intersection of CSA and food loss; more importantly, we have concentrated on climate-smart strategies' implementation for the reduction of losses all through the agricultural value chain. Our investigation combined results concerning types of crops that can survive extreme weather conditions like droughts caused by global warming or cold snaps from severe weather events. This work brought out core research directions, clusters, and the regional distribution of scholarly articles, giving an understanding of the present state of CSA and food loss study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cover crops are multifunctional, and contribute to improving soil properties and reducing environmental impact compared to no-cover crops, thus could provide multiple soil, agricultural, and environmental benefits, and they are recognized as a valid strategy for the achievement of sustainable agriculture. However, cover crops' impacts on subsequent cash crops and soil characteristics are dependent on several factors, such as pedoclimatic conditions, cover crop species, agricultural practices, method of termination, and irrigation management. The fact that cover crops are never applied as a single practice in the real agricultural sector, but are instead combined with other factors or agricultural practices, deeply affects their performance, but the scientific literature nevertheless keeps considering the use of cover crops alone. Moreover, the potential outcomes of cover crops that encompass other factors or agricultural practices affecting soil quality, weed control, and cash crops are still unclear. Additionally, cover crops are still poorly use in the Mediterranean type of climate. Therefore, this study reviewed the scientific literature to identify the most relevant factors or agricultural practices driving cover crops' performance, and to outline future fields of investigation looking towards promising sustainable agriculture in Mediterranean areas with a view to minimizing the competition for soil water with the cropping systems and to reduce soil degradation. Furthermore, the investigation includes multiple factors or agricultural practices that better represent the real farming system, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of their interactions with cover crops, and suggests alternative strategies for reducing yield gap while seeking to achieve agricultural sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the climate literacy of local leaders in the Tampa Bay region is critical if the area is to successfully face the rising challenges of the climate crisis. One of the most vulnerable areas in the world, the Tampa Bay region is often considered ill-prepared to cope with rising sea levels, threats of extreme rainfall, flooding and intense hurricanes, and the potentially deadly impact of recording breaking heat. This project produced a documentary film to increase awareness and understanding of the area's coastal climate related risks and solutions, and boost confidence and motivation to act among regional community members. We assess the impact of the film, which uses a storytelling format and strong visual messaging, on over 250 local community members' understanding of risk, knowledge of appropriate resilience strategies, and empowerment to act. Qualitative analysis of pre-film and post-film surveys reveals the strong impact of the storytelling portions of the film on fact retention, feelings of urgency and the willingness to work with others to promote local resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main conclusion: This review discusses the Finger millet's rich nutritional profile, bioactive potential, and industrial applications, combined with its climate resilience, which make it a promising crop for enhancing food security and promoting sustainable agriculture. This review also highlights its significant potential to address malnutrition and mitigate climate change impacts. The emergence of Finger millet from “poor man’s staple food” to “a nutrient rich cereal” has encouraged the need to explore this crop at a wider scale. It is a highly significant crop due to its rich nutritional and bioactive profile, diverse biological activities, and promising industrial applications, along with the high climate resilience. This comprehensive review evaluates its nutritional composition by comparing favorably with other cereals and millets and emphasizing its potential to address malnutrition and enhance food security. Furthermore, it explores the phytochemical/bioactive potential and strategies to enhance their bioavailability followed biological activities of Finger millet by highlighting its various health-promoting properties. The review also discusses industrial potential of finger millet including its role in nutraceutical and functional food production, as well as bioenergy generation. In addition, role of Finger millet as a climate-resilient crop; specifically, the available genetic resources and identification of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with major stress tolerance traits have also been discussed. By providing a comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge, this study offers valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders engaged in efforts to promote sustainable agriculture, enhance food and nutrition security, and mitigate the impacts of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of the increasing frequency of climate stresses, climate change projections can help in adaptation planning and resilience-building. However, typical climate change projections, such as annual average rainfall and temperature increases, are not helpful for farmers in understanding specific climate risks, like crop loss, and making adaptation decisions. Our study aims to identify and characterise context- and time-specific climate stresses in terms of climate conditions of concern to improve the understanding of future climate risks and enhance the climate resilience of semi-arid farming systems in India. Utilising the concept of critical climate-stress moments, we employ an innovative bottom-up methodology integrating insights from focus group discussions with farmers, key informant interviews, and an ensemble of downscaled and bias-corrected Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP-6) models. Our case studies include (i) a mixed crop-livestock farming system, (ii) a horticulture-based farming system, (iii) a cash crop–dominant farming system, and (iv) a cereal-dominant farming system. The specific climate conditions of concern identified were (i) increasing volume of late-monsoon rainfall, (ii) rising winter temperatures, (iii) increase in the number of days with temperatures exceeding 40 °C, (iv) increase in days with heavy rainfall (> 25 mm), and (v) increasing rainfall during the dry season. Identifying these critical moments improves understanding of both the temporal and spatial variations in climate risks, providing valuable inputs for targeted and implementable climate resilience–building actions. We recommend revising national and state action plans on climate change by utilising such region-specific assessments of critical climate-stress moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communities of color have been historically excluded and marginalized in the ongoing conversations about climate preparedness and resilience at local, national, and global levels. Using focus groups composed of Boston communities of color (Asian American, Black, Latino, and Native American), this study aimed to understand their perspectives on climate change, providing in-depth knowledge of its impact and their views on preparedness and resilience. Research shows that these communities have long been concerned about climate change and emphasize the urgent need to improve climate preparedness. A multi-pronged approach is crucial: listening to communities of color to leverage local knowledge and leadership, engaging in community organizing, advocating for policy change, redirecting attention to institutional resources, and addressing systemic inequalities that exacerbate vulnerabilities. The findings of this study highlight the need for policy changes driven by collaboration and collective action, which can benefit those most negatively impacted by climate change and the lack of preparedness and resilience in Boston and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments across the world are facing challenges in urgently responding to the adverse impacts of climate change. Australian cities have been proactively working on various climate action plans. Despite this, the Climate Action Tracker rates Australia's climate net zero targets, policies, and climate finance as "Insufficient", highlighting the urgent need for substantial improvements to align Australia's climate policies and commitments towards the Paris Agreement. This study explores the readiness of Australian cities towards climate change mitigation, with a focus on Sydney. It identifies prioritized cooling measures and proactive local governments in Great Metropolitan Sydney, through an analysis of official documents and policy statements. Interviews were conducted with local governments to gain insights into implementation processes, perceived effectiveness, challenges, and opportunities related to heat mitigation initiatives. The results reveal efforts to amend local environmental and development control plans to mitigate the urban heat island effect and create cooler, more comfortable built environments. However, challenges exist, including limited authority of local governments in urban planning, as national and state governments set stringent codes and regulations for heat mitigation. Financial constraints pose challenges, particularly in maintaining and monitoring strategic plans during their implementation stage, leading to the potential removal of sustainability measures from designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The south-western coastal area of Bangladesh proximity to Sundarbans is a hot spot of climate change. The perception and problems along with associated risks to the adaptation of climate change are not well understood. However, the present study was conducted in 2020–2021 through a multistage sampling technique, questionnaire survey, and focus group discussions (FGD). In addition, the Likert scale and the INFORM model are used to understand perceptions, problems, and extent of risks response to climate change adaptation in the study area. This study illustrates that early-aged illiterate, medium families (5–7 in numbers) and $ 18.45–$ 36.88 per month income level are more susceptible to the adaptation of climate change. The majority of the respondents are dependent on natural resources, such as rainwater (67.3%), dried leaves (65.4%, and fishing from Sundarbans (80.6%). Besides, most of the respondents experienced disasters (66.7%), water logging and salinity (65.05%), waterborne diseases (89.5%), and monetary problems (81%), which forced them to stay in a more critical lifestyle. The perception level was high in the unconcerned level (77.15%) followed by concerned (11.4%) and very concerned (9.5%), while only 1.95% showed neutral and none of them were very concerned. Likewise, in the study region, respondents are confronted with a variety of risks and exposure (42%), vulnerabilities (33%), and lack of capacity (25%). Also, significant differences in perception level and no significant differences were observed in risk level in this study. These findings insights into the necessity of educational and financial interventions to optimize identified risks and problems and increase the perception level of effective policy-making processes and adaptation strategies to the adaptation of climate change.

Longwave radiation is a significant renewable energy technology for energy-saving in buildings. By evaluating the potential and distribution of longwave radiation in China, this study simplifies the calculation process in architectural design. Weather data from 115 stations across five typical thermal climates in China are used to simulate atmospheric longwave radiation effects throughout the year. Statistical regression analysis is conducted to identify key meteorological parameters affecting longwave radiation cooling. The results show that altitude significantly influences the potential for summer cooling (p = 0.79, R2 = 0.62), while winter cooling potential is positively correlated with latitude distribution (p = 0.88, R2 = 0.77). The study also reveals that dew point temperature, relative humidity, and cloud cover are important factors in the regression models for winter and summer, respectively. Overall, the empirical regression model demonstrates statistical significance and provides valuable insights for longwave radiation heat transfer calculations in buildings.

Abstract What nutrient supply options can ensure maximum productivity and optimize the nutrient uptake of rice–wheat system (R-W system)? an experiment started in the year 1998 (19-year-old) to examine the impact of optimal nutrient supply (NS) strategies to maximize crop productivity and nutritional security in R-W system. To determine the best nutrient management strategies (BNMS), seven different NS methods were tested. These included (organic and mineral fertilizers), as well as combinations such as integrated plant nutrition system (IPNS), IPNS + B (berseem), and IPNS + C (cowpea), with the aim of enhancing the productivity and nutrient absorption of R-W system. Results showed that rice grain yield notably wide-ranging from 1.61 to 5.81 t ha−1 under different NS options and highest rice grain yield (mean of 19 years) was observed at IPNS + C (5.81 t ha−1), which was at par with IPNS (5.79 t ha−1), STCR (soil test crop response) (5.76 t ha−1) and IPNS + B (5.67 t ha−1) followed by 100% recommended dose fertilizer NPK (4.41 t ha−1), which equality with OF (organic farming) (4.04 t ha−1) and lowest was recorded in control plot (1.61 t ha−1). Wheat grain yield varied significantly from 1.43 to 5.86 t ha−1 under different NS options. The highest yield (mean of 19 years) was observed in treatments IPNS + B (5.86 t ha−1), IPNS (5.77 t ha−1), IPNS + C (5.48 t ha−1), and STCR (5.45 t ha−1), followed by OF at 4.49 t ha−1, NPK at 3.76 t ha−1, with the lowest in the control plot at 1.43 t ha−1. Additionally, total phosphorus and sulfur accumulation in rice (grain: 8.41 to 39.09 kg ha−1; straw: 6.02 to 23.54 kg ha−1) varied significantly across nutrient supply treatments. Overall, adoption of IPNS integration with legumes (IPNS + B and IPNS + C), can significantly improve productivity and nutrient accumulation in R-W systems. Incorporating legumes into farming practices is advised for sustained productivity and nutritional benefits.

Abstract The North Western Himalayan region, particularly the Kashmir valley, harbors a rich diversity of rice landraces, yet systematic studies on climate resilience are lacking. The present study was aimed at investigating the root traits and their interplay with shoot morphological and physiological traits under drought stress using seven indica and three japonica rice varieties released by SKUAST-Kashmir and their possible role in adaptive capacity to different environments. Significant variability was observed in root and shoot traits across the varieties. Root traits exhibited a wide phenotypic range, including rooting depth, fresh and dry weight, diameter, length, volume, surface area, and length density. Associations between root and shoot traits were identified, with notable correlations such as shoot weight with root shoot ratio, shoot length with root dry weight, diameter, and surface area, and tiller number with various root traits. Additionally, physiological traits like canopy temperature depression showed significant correlations with root depth and surface area. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis grouped japonica type varieties together with a notable outlier, Chenab, due to its superior root traits among indica varieties. These findings emphasize the substantial contribution of root traits to productivity and advocate for their integration into varietal development processes. In view of the increasing evidences in crop plants about their role of root traits in defining plant productivity and reproductive fitness, study of root traits could provide valuable insights into the patterns of crop adaptation to diverse areas and growing environments.

Plant physiological status is the interaction between the plant genome and the prevailing growth conditions. Accurate characterization of plant physiology is, therefore, fundamental to effective plant phenotyping studies; particularly those focused on identifying traits associated with improved yield, lower input requirements, and climate resilience. Here, we outline the approaches used to assess plant physiology and how these techniques of direct empirical observations of processes such as photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, photosystem II electron transport, or the effectiveness of protective energy dissipation mechanisms are unsuited to high-throughput phenotyping applications. Novel optical sensors, remote/proximal sensing (multi- and hyperspectral reflectance, infrared thermography, sun-induced fluorescence), LiDAR, and automated analyses of below-ground development offer the possibility to infer plant physiological status and growth. However, there are limitations to such indirect approaches to gauging plant physiology. These methodologies that are appropriate for the rapid high temporal screening of a number of crop varieties over a wide spatial scale do still require calibration or validation with direct empirical measurement of plant physiological status. The use of deep-learning and artificial intelligence approaches may enable the effective synthesis of large multivariate datasets to more accurately quantify physiological characters rapidly in high numbers of replicate plants. Advances in automated data collection and subsequent data processing represent an opportunity for plant phenotyping efforts to fully integrate fundamental physiological data into vital efforts to ensure food and agro-economic sustainability.

Sub-Saharan Africa’s agricultural sector faces a multifaceted challenge due to climate change consisting of high temperatures, changing precipitation trends, alongside intensified pest and disease outbreaks. Conventional plant breeding methods have historically contributed to yield gains in Africa, and the intensifying demand for food security outpaces these improvements due to a confluence of factors, including rising urbanization, improved living standards, and population growth. To address escalating food demands amidst urbanization, rising living standards, and population growth, a paradigm shift toward more sustainable and innovative crop improvement strategies is imperative. Genome editing technologies offer a promising avenue for achieving sustained yield increases while bolstering resilience against escalating biotic and abiotic stresses associated with climate change. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) is unique due to its ubiquity, efficacy, alongside precision, making it a pivotal tool for Sub-Saharan African crop improvement. This review highlights the challenges and explores the prospect of gene editing to secure the region’s future foods.

This work studies long-term trends of observed meteorological parameters and of exposure to excessive heat over 74 years in Israel (1950–2023). We report an increasing trend of recurring exposure of the Israeli population to excessive heat during most of the summer noon hours, with the heat index often above the physiologically no-risk threshold. Specifically, since the beginning of the millennium, a significant increase in summertime decadal means of ambient noontime temperature (Ta), absolute humidity (AH), and heat index (HI) is evident relative to the 1950’s (Ta: 0.06 °C/year, AH: 0.06 g/m3year, HI: 0.09 °C/year). The experienced increase summertime thermal discomfort by the Israeli population results from the significant and synergistic increase in co-exposure to ambient temperature and humidity. Indeed, long-term satellite data (Landsat 1984–2021) of the east Mediterranean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) reveal a significant change (SST: 0.05 °C/year), which elucidates the corresponding increase in the absolute humidity. Leishmaniasis is a climate-related vector-borne infectious disease. However, the 1956–2017 leishmaniasis incidence rates in Israel do not correlate with the significant increase in the ambient temperature and heat index, representing development of climate resilience in terms of administrated prevention measures (namely, systematic adaptation) to this climate-related disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective management of at-risk species often requires fine-scale actions by natural resource managers. However, balancing these actions with concurrent land uses is challenging, particularly when compounded by the interplay of climate shifts, and escalating wildland–urban interface conflicts. We used spatial prioritization tools designed for biodiversity conservation to help resource managers on the Island of Lānaʻi prioritize mutually exclusive land use objectives: endangered species recovery and subsistence and recreational hunting. We weighed the current and anticipated future distributions of threatened and endangered plant species against the distribution of non-native game mammals to plan for species recovery more effectively. Prioritization results identified multiple footprints that could support recovery of all endangered species targets in climate resilient areas while retaining the majority of existing hunting areas. However, very little native vegetation was retained in conservation footprints without deliberate inclusion, which increased footprint area by 268%. Scenarios which prioritized contiguous conservation areas also dramatically increased conservation footprint area, although these scenarios may reduce associated fencing costs. This work demonstrates how spatial prioritization may guide localized species recovery efforts by supporting long-term conservation planning that addresses anticipated climate-driven increases in conflict between conservation and other land uses, with clear applicability beyond Lānaʻi.

Abstract Because of its distinct function and geographic conditions, the impact of climate change on the operation, safety, and income of airports in coastal areas is becoming increasingly significant. The measurement of climate resilience can help identify priority needs and measures to adapt to climate change, which is a crucial step in developing an aviation adaptation plan. At present, the concept of climate resilience is relatively complex and lacks a clear uniformity of composition, which has made it challenging to effectively support the development of adaptation strategies. Based on the definition of climate resilience, our first step was to construct an evaluation system for coastal airports to visually represent the level of climate resilience. Next, in this study, we introduced a coupling coordination and obstacle degree model to analyze the coordinated development and key drivers of climate resilience, which could be used to develop a targeted improvement strategy based on the calculation results. In the future, additional measures can be combined from the natural environment, socioeconomics, governance capacity, and climate change risk to enhance the capacity development of the aviation industry to address climate change and foster the establishment of a sustainable development model between the industry and the environment.

Rock glaciers are crucial freshwater resources, yet detailed knowledge about their distribution, characteristics, and dynamics in the Himalayan region is scarce. This study presents a comprehensive rock glacier inventory of the Jhelum basin, Kashmir Himalaya, India, using high-resolution Google Earth data. We identified 240 rock glaciers covering an area of 41.24 ± 2.2 km2, with ~76% classified as active, ~20% inactive, and 3.7% relict. The average areas and lengths of these rock glacier types were 0.19 km2, 0.06 km2, and 0.29 km2, and 699 m, 426 m, and 952 m, respectively. Most rock glaciers (~90%) were oriented northwards (N, NE, NW), while only 5% faced southwards (S, SE, SW). The lower limit of permafrost in the Jhelum basin is about 3316 m asl. Furthermore, we estimated the ice storage of rock glaciers in the Jhelum basin at 0.80 ± 0.13 km3, equivalent to 0.72 ± 0.12 km3 of water volume. This study enhances our understanding of permafrost distribution and the characteristics and dynamics in the basin. Given their greater resilience to climate change compared to clean glaciers, the hydrological significance of rock glaciers is expected to increase under projected climate change scenarios. This study highlights their importance as a vital water resource amidst the accelerated recession of clean glaciers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the lack of ground-based observations, this study utilizes reanalysis data from the CHIRPS database and CMIP6 models under the SSP5-8.5 scenario to predict future rainfall in the Beni–Irumu region of eastern DR Congo. The use of reanalysis data offers a viable method for understanding historical and future climate trends in regions with limited ground data. Using a spatial resolution of 0.05°, selected general circulation models (GCMs) were downscaled to CHIRPS data. Analysis of historical rainfall data over 32 years reveals spatial disparities, with high-altitude regions like Mount Stanley experiencing higher annual mean rainfall (1767.87 ± 174.41 mm) compared to lower areas like Kasenyi (863.65 ± 81.85 mm), in line with orographic effects. Future projections under the SSP5-8.5 scenario indicate significant decreases in rainfall for areas such as Oicha (−565.55 mm) in the near term, while regions like Kasindi/Yihunga exhibit moderate decrease (−58.5 mm). In the mid-term, some areas show signs of recovery, with Bulongo experiencing a minor decrease (−21.67 mm), and Kasindi/Yihunga (+152.95 mm) and Kyavinyonge (+71.11 mm) showing increases. Long-term projections suggest overall improvements, with most areas experiencing positive rainfall differences; however, persistent challenges remain in Oicha (−313.82 mm). These findings highlight the dynamic impacts of climate change on rainfall distribution in the Beni–Irumu region, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to address the varied impacts, especially in vulnerable regions like Oicha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comprehensive review examined the intricate relationship between climate change and rye (Secale cereale L.) production, focusing on the multifaceted challenges and opportunities posed by changing environmental conditions. Rye is a versatile cereal crop cultivated in temperate regions and is known for its resilience and adaptability to adverse growing conditions. However, as global temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations rise, the effects of climate change on rye growth, yield and grain quality become increasingly apparent. In this review, we summarised the recent research findings on various aspects of rye production and quality under climate change, focusing on factors such as temperature (e.g., increasing temperature) resilience, and viability of rye production in the face of ongoing climate challenges, altered rainfall patterns (changing rainfall distributions with decreasing rainfall in the spring and early summer months as well as heavy rainfall events), biotic stress, agronomic practices and greenhouse gas emissions. Exploring the dynamic interplay among climate change, soil quality, biotic stressors and plant–microbe interactions reveals insights into the response of rye to environmental changes. These interactions shape the complex dynamics that influence the adaptation of rye to evolving environmental conditions. Implications for food security, agricultural sustainability and future research directions are also discussed, highlighting the urgent need for adaptive strategies to ensure the resilience and viability of rye production in the face of ongoing climate challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]